Receptor-mediated mechanisms of toxicity

The Toxicology of Fishes

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 235-272

  Hahn, Mark E ^a   Hestermann, Eli V ^b  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^b FURMAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85056057853     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9780203647295     Document Type: Chapter

References (288)

1. Abnet, C. C., Tanguay, R. L., Hahn, M. E., Heideman, W., and Peterson, R. E. (1999a). Two forms of aryl hydrocarbon receptor type 2 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): evidence for differential expression and enhancer specificity. J. Biol. Chem., 274, 15159-15166.
2. Abnet, C. C., Tanguay, R. L., Heideman, W., and Peterson, R. E. (1999b). Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 159, 41-51.
3. Addison, R. F., Sadler, M. C., and Lubet, R. A. (1987). Absence of hepatic microsomal pentyl- or benzylresorufin O-dealkylase induction in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) treated with phenobarbitone. Biochem. Pharmacol., 36, 1183-1184.
4. Alioto, T. S. and Ngai, J. (2005). The odorant receptor repertoire of teleost fish. BMC Genomics, 6, 173.
5. Alsop, D., Brown, S., and Van Der Kraak, G. (2001). Development of a retinoic acid receptor-binding assay with rainbow trout tissue: characterization of retinoic acid binding, receptor tissue distribution, and developmental changes. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 123, 254-267.
6. Alsop, D., Hewitt, M., Kohli, M., Brown, S., and Van Der Kraak, G. (2003). Constituents within pulp mill effluent deplete retinoid stores in white sucker and bind to rainbow trout retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 2969-2976.
7. Amores, A., Force, A., Yan, Y.-L., Joly, L., Amemiya, C., et al. (1998). Zebrafish hox clusters and vertebrate genome evolution. Science, 282, 1711-1714.
8. Amsterdam, A. and Hopkins, N. (2006). Mutagenesis strategies in zebrafish for identifying genes involved in development and disease. Trends Genet., 22, 473-478.
9. Amsterdam, A., Lin, S., and Hopkins, N. (1995). The Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein can be used as a reporter in live zebrafish embryos. Dev. Biol., 171, 123-129.
10. Amsterdam, A., Burgess, S., Golling, G., Chen, W., Sun, Z., et al. (1999). A large-scale insertional mutagenesis screen in zebrafish. Genes Dev., 13, 2713-2724.
11. Andreasen, E. A., Hahn, M. E., Heideman, W., Peterson, R. E., and Tanguay, R. L. (2002). The zebrafish (Danio rerio) aryl hydrocarbon receptor type 1 (zfAhR1) is a novel vertebrate receptor. Mol. Pharmacol., 62, 234-249.
12. Andreasen, E. A., Mathew, L. K., and Tanguay, R. L. (2006). Regenerative growth is impacted by TCDD: gene expression analysis reveals extracellular matrix modulation. Toxicol. Sci., 92, 254-269.
13. Ankley, G. T., Daston, G. P., Degitz, S. J., Denslow, N. D., Hoke, R. A., et al. (2006). Toxicogenomics in regulatory ecotoxicology. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 4055-4065.
14. Ankley, G. T., Reinert, R. E., Meyer, R. T., Burke, M. D., and Agosin, M. (1987). Metabolism of alkoxyphenoxazones by channel catfish liver microsomes: effects of phenobarbital, Aroclor 1254, and 3-methylcholanthrene. Biochem. Pharmacol., 36, 1379-1381.
15. Anon. (2000). Targeting zebrafish. Nat. Genet., 26, 129-130.
16. Antkiewicz, D. S., Peterson, R. E., and Heideman, W. (2006). Blocking expression of AhR2 and ARNT1 in zebrafish larvae protects against cardiac toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicol. Sci., 94, 175-182.
17. Aparicio, S., Chapman, J., Stupka, E., Putnam, N., Chia, J. M., et al. (2002). Whole-genome shotgun assembly and analysis of the genome of Fugu rubripes. Science, 297, 1301-1310.
18. Auf Der Maur, A., Belser, T., Elgar, G., Georgiev, O., and Schaffner, W. (1999). Characterization of the transcription factor MTF-1 from the Japanese pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) reveals evolutionary conservation of heavy metal stress response. Biol. Chem., 380, 175-185.
19. Bailey, G. S., Williams, D. E., and Hendricks, J. D. (1996). Fish models for environmental carcinogenesis: the rainbow trout. Environ. Health Perspect., 104(Suppl. 1), 5-21.
20. Bainy, A. C. D. and Stegeman, J. J. (2004). Cloning and identification of a full length pregnane X receptor and expression in vivo in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mar. Environ. Res., 58, 133-134.
21. Baker, K. E. and Parker, R. (2004). Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: terminating erroneous gene expression. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 16, 293-299.
22. Baker, M. E. (2005). Xenobiotics and the evolution of multicellular animals: emergence and diversification of ligand-activated transcription factors. Integr. Comp. Biol., 45, 172-178.
23. Baldwin, D. H., Sandahl, J. F., Labenia, J. S., and Scholz, N. L. (2003). Sublethal effects of copper on Coho salmon: impacts on nonoverlapping receptor pathways in the peripheral olfactory nervous system. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 2266-2274.
24. Ballatori, N. and Villalobos, A. (2002). Defining the molecular and cellular basis of toxicity using comparative models. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 183, 207-220.
25. Baraban, S. C., Taylor, M. R., Castro, P. A., and Baier, H. (2005). Pentylenetetrazole induced changes in zebrafish behavior, neural activity and c-fos expression. Neuroscience, 131, 759-768.
26. Bardet, P. L., Horard, B., Laudet, V., and Vanacker, J. M. (2005). The ERRalpha orphan nuclear receptor controls morphogenetic movements during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev. Biol., 281, 102-111.
27. Bardet, P. L., Horard, B., Robinson-Rechavi, M., Laudet, V., and Vanacker, J. M. (2002). Characterization of oestrogen receptors in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J. Mol. Endocrinol., 28, 153-163.
28. Bardet, P. L., Obrecht-Pflumio, S., Thisse, C., Laudet, V., Thisse, B., and Vanacker, J. M. (2004). Cloning and developmental expression of five estrogen-receptor related genes in the zebrafish. Dev. Genes Evol., 214, 240-249.
29. Barinaga, M. (1999). Salmon follow watery odors home. Science, 286, 705-706.
30. Barton, L. M., Gottgens, B., Gering, M., Gilbert, J. G., Grafham, D., et al. (2001). Regulation of the stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene: a tale of two fishes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 98, 6747-6752.
31. Bello, S. M. (1999). Characterization of Resistance to Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Population of Fundulus heteroclitus from a Marine Superfund site, Ph.D. thesis, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Woods Hole, MA.
32. Bello, S. M., Heideman, W., and Peterson, R. E. (2004). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibits regression of the common cardinal vein in developing zebrafish. Toxicol. Sci., 78, 258-266.
33. Billiard, S. M., Timme-Laragy, A. R., Wassenberg, D. M., Cockman, C., and Di Giulio, R. T. (2006). The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in mediating synergistic developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to zebrafish. Toxicol. Sci., 92, 526-536.
34. Black, J. W. and Leff, P. (1983). Operational models of pharmacological agonism. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 220, 141-162.
35. Blechinger, S. R., Warren, Jr., J. T., Kuwada, J. Y., and Krone, P. H. (2002). Developmental toxicology of cadmium in living embryos of a stable transgenic zebrafish line. Environ. Health Perspect., 110, 1041-1046.
36. Boonanuntanasarn, S., Yoshizaki, G., Takeuchi, Y., Morita, T., and Takeuchi, T. (2002). Gene knock-down in rainbow trout embryos using antisense morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligonucleotides. Mar. Biotechnol. (NY), 4, 256-266.
37. Bosworth, C. A. T., Chou, C. W., Cole, R. B., and Rees, B. B. (2005). Protein expression patterns in zebrafish skeletal muscle: initial characterization and the effects of hypoxic exposure. Proteomics, 5, 1362-1371.
38. Brenner, S., Johnson, M., Bridgham, J., Golda, G., Lloyd, D. H., et al. (2000). Gene expression analysis by massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) on microbead arrays. Nat. Biotechnol., 18, 630-634.
39. Bresolin, T., de Freitas Rebelo, M., and Celso Dias Bainy, A. (2005). Expression of PXR, CYP3A and MDR1 genes in liver of zebrafish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol., 140, 403-407.
40. Brian, J. V., Harris, C. A., Scholze, M., Backhaus, T., Booy, P., et al. (2005). Accurate prediction of the response of freshwater fish to a mixture of estrogenic chemicals. Environ. Health Perspect., 113, 721-728.
41. Brown, S. B., Evans, R. E., Vandenbyllardt, L., Finnson, K. W., Palace, V. P., et al. (2004). Altered thyroid status in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) exposed to co-planar 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl. Aquat. Toxicol., 67, 75-85.
42. Brunet, F. G., Crollius, H. R., Paris, M., Aury, J. M., Gibert, P., et al. (2006). Gene loss and evolutionary rates following whole-genome duplication in teleost fishes. Mol. Biol. Evol., 23, 1808-1816.
43. Bury, N. R., Sturm, A., Le Rouzic, P., Lethimonier, C., Ducouret, B., et al. (2003). Evidence for two distinct functional glucocorticoid receptors in teleost fish. J. Mol. Endocrinol., 31, 141-156.
44. Carney, S. A., Chen, J., Burns, C. G., Xiong, K. M., Peterson, R. E., and Heideman, W. (2006). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation produces heart-specific transcriptional and toxic responses in developing zebrafish. Mol. Pharmacol., 70, 549-561.
45. Carney, S. A., Peterson, R. E., and Heideman, W. (2004). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator pathway causes developmental toxicity through a CYP1A-independent mechanism in zebrafish. Mol. Pharmacol., 66, 512-521.
46. Carr, R. L., Couch, T. A., Liu, J., Coats, J. R., and Chambers, J. E. (1999). The interaction of chlorinated alicyclic insecticides with brain GABA(A) receptors in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 56, 543-553.
47. Carvan III, M. J., Solis, W. A., Gedamu, L., and Nebert, D. W. (2000). Activation of transcription factors in zebrafish cell cultures by environmental pollutants. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 376, 320-327.
48. Carvan III, M. J., Sonntag, D. M., Cmar, C. B., Cook, R. S., Curran, M. A., and Miller, G. L. (2001). Oxidative stress in zebrafish cells: potential utility of transgenic zebrafish as a deployable sentinel for site hazard ranking. Sci. Total Environ., 274, 183-196.
49. Carvan III, M. J., Heiden, T. K., and Tomasiewicz, H. (2005). The utility of zebrafish as a model for toxicological research. In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes. Vol. 6. Environmental Toxicology, Moon, T. W. and Mommsen, T. P., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 3-41.
50. Celander, M., Bremer, J., Hahn, M. E., and Stegeman, J. J. (1997). Glucocorticoid-xenobiotic interactions: dexamethasone potentiation of cytochrome P4501A induction by β-naphthoflavone in a fish hepatoma cell line (PLHC-1). Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16, 900-907.
51. Celander, M., Hahn, M. E., and Stegeman, J. J. (1996). Cytochromes P450 (CYP) in the Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLHC-1): dose- and time-dependent glucocorticoid potentiation of CYP1A induction without induction of CYP3A. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 329, 113-122.
52. Chapman, L. M., Roling, J. A., Bingham, L. K., Herald, M. R., and Baldwin, W. S. (2004). Construction of a subtractive library from hexavalent chromium treated winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) reveals alterations in non-selenium glutathione peroxidases. Aquat. Toxicol., 67, 181-194.
53. Chen, W. Y., John, J. A., Lin, C. H., and Chang, C. Y. (2002). Molecular cloning and developmental expression of zinc finger transcription factor MTF-1 gene in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 291, 798-805.
54. Chiang, J. Y. (2003). Bile acid regulation of hepatic physiology. III. Bile acids and nuclear receptors. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 284, G349-356.
55. Christoffels, A., Koh, E. G., Chia, J. M., Brenner, S., Aparicio, S., and Venkatesh, B. (2004). Fugu genome analysis provides evidence for a whole-genome duplication early during the evolution of ray-finned fishes. Mol. Biol. Evol., 21, 1146-1151.
56. Clemons, J. H., Lee, L. E. J., Myers, C. R., Dixon, D. G., and Bols, N. C. (1996). Cytochrome P4501A1 induction by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in liver cell lines from rat and trout and the derivation of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 53, 1177-1185.
57. Cook, P. M., Robbins, J. A., Endicott, D. D., Lodge, K. B., Guiney, P. D., et al. (2003). Effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated early life stage toxicity on lake trout populations in Lake Ontario during the 20th century. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3864-3877.
58. Cossins, A., Fraser, J., Hughes, M., and Gracey, A. (2006). Post-genomic approaches to understanding the mechanisms of environmentally induced phenotypic plasticity. J. Exp. Biol., 209, 2328-2336.
59. Cossins, A. R. and Crawford, D. L. (2005). Fish as models for environmental genomics. Nat. Rev. Genet., 6, 324-333.
60. Crane, H. M., Pickford, D. B., Hutchinson, T. H., and Brown, J. A. (2005). Effects of ammonium perchlorate on thyroid function in developing fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas. Environ. Health Perspect., 113, 396-401.
61. Crow, K. D., Stadler, P. F., Lynch, V. J., Amemiya, C., and Wagner, G. P. (2006). The ‘fish-specific’ Hox cluster duplication is coincident with the origin of teleosts. Mol. Biol. Evol., 23, 121-136.
62. Dalton, T. P., Li, Q., Bittel, D., Liang, L., and Andrews, G. K. (1996). Oxidative stress activates metalresponsive transcription factor-1 binding activity: occupancy in vivo of metal response elements in the metallothionein-I gene promoter. J. Biol. Chem., 271, 26233-26241.
63. Dalton, T. P., Solis, W. A., Nebert, D. W., and Carvan III, M. J. (2000). Characterization of the MTF-1 transcription factor from zebrafish and trout cells. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol., 126, 325-335.
64. Dann, S. G., Ted Allison, W., Veldhoen, K., Johnson, T., and Hawryshyn, C. W. (2004). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay on the rainbow trout opsin proximal promoters illustrates binding of NF-kappaB and c-jun to the SWS1 promoter in the retina. Exp. Eye Res., 78, 1015-1024.
65. de Souza, F. S., Bumaschny, V. F., Low, M. J., and Rubinstein, M. (2005). Subfunctionalization of expression and peptide domains following the ancient duplication of the proopiomelanocortin gene in teleost fishes. Mol. Biol. Evol., 22, 2417-2427.
66. Denison, M. S., Fine, J., and Wilkinson, C. F. (1984). Protamine sulfate precipitation: a new assay for the Ah receptor. Anal. Biochem., 142, 28-36.
67. Denslow, N. D., Knoebl, K., and Larkin, P. (2005). Approaches in proteomics and genomics for eco-toxicology. In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes. Vol. 6. Environmental Toxicology, Moon, T. W. and Mommsen, T. P., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 85-116.
68. DeVault, D., Dunn, W., Bergqvist, P.-A., Wiberg, K., and Rappe, C. (1989). Polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in Great Lakes fish: a baseline and interlake comparison. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 8, 1013-1022.
69. Di Giulio, R. T., Benson, W. H., Sanders, B. M., and Veld, P. A. V. (1996). Biochemical mechanisms of toxicity: metabolism, adaptation, and toxicity. In Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology, 2nd ed., Rand, G. M., Ed., Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 523-561.
70. Dickmeis, T., Plessy, C., Rastegar, S., Aanstad, P., Herwig, R., et al. (2004). Expression profiling and comparative genomics identify a conserved regulatory region controlling midline expression in the zebrafish embryo. Genome Res., 14, 228-238.
71. Dittman, A. H., Quinn, T. P., Nevitt, G. A., Hacker, B., and Storm, D. R. (1997). Sensitization of olfactory guanylyl cyclase to a specific imprinted odorant in Coho salmon. Neuron, 19, 381-389.
72. Dold, K. M. and Greenlee, W. F. (1990). Filtration assay for quantitation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD) specific binding to whole cells in culture. Anal. Biochem., 184, 67-73.
73. Dong, W., Teraoka, H., Tsujimoto, Y., Stegeman, J. J., and Hiraga, T. (2004). Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mesencephalic circulation failure and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicol. Sci., 77, 109-116.
74. Draper, B. W., Morcos, P. A., and Kimmel, C. B. (2001). Inhibition of zebrafish fgf8 pre-mRNA splicing with morpholino oligos: a quantifiable method for gene knockdown. Genesis, 30, 154-156.
75. Dukes, J. P., Deaville, R., Bruford, M. W., Youngson, A. F., and Jordan, W. C. (2004). Odorant receptor gene expression changes during the parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon. Mol. Ecol., 13, 2851-2857.
76. Ekker, S. C. (2000). Morphants: a new systematic vertebrate functional genomics approach. Yeast, 17, 302-306.
77. Ekker, S. C. (2004). Nonconventional antisense in zebrafish for functional genomics applications. Meth. Cell. Biol., 77, 121-136.
78. Ekker, S. C. and Larson, J. D. (2001). Morphant technology in model developmental systems. Genesis, 30, 89-93.
79. Elsalini, O. A. and Rohr, K. B. (2003). Phenylthiourea disrupts thyroid function in developing zebrafish. Dev. Genes Evol., 212, 593-598.
80. Elskus, A. A. and Stegeman, J. J. (1989). Further consideration of phenobarbital effects on cytochrome P-450 activity in the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 92C, 223-230.
81. Emrich, S. J., Barbazuk, W. B., Li, L., and Schnable, P. S. (2007). Gene discovery and annotation using LCM-454 transcriptome sequencing. Genome Res., 17, 69-73.
82. Escriva, H., Manzon, L., Youson, J., and Laudet, V. (2002). Analysis of lamprey and hagfish genes reveals a complex history of gene duplications during early vertebrate evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol., 19, 1440-1450.
83. Evans, B. R., Karchner, S. I., Franks, D. G., and Hahn, M. E. (2005). Duplicate aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor genes (ahrr1 and ahrr2) in the zebrafish Danio rerio: structure, function, evolution, and AhRdependent regulation in vivo. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 441, 151-167.
84. Finley, K. R., Davidson, A. E., and Ekker, S. C. (2001). Three-color imaging using fluorescent proteins in living zebrafish embryos. Biotechniques, 31, 66-70, 72.
85. Fitch, W. M. (1970). Distinguishing homologous from analogous proteins. Syst. Zool., 19, 99-113.
86. Force, A., Lynch, M., Pickett, F. B., Amores, A., Yan, Y.-L., and Postlethwait, J. H. (1999). Preservation of duplicate genes by complementary, degenerative mutations. Genetics, 151, 1531-1545.
87. Burnett, K. G., Bain, L. J., Baldwin, W. S., Callard, G. V., Cohen, S., et al. (2007). Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: opportunities for new insights using genomics. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part D, doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2007.09.001 (in press).
88. Gasiewicz, T. A. and Neal, R. A. (1982). The examination and quantitation of tissue cytosolic receptors for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin using hydroxylapatite. Anal. Biochem., 124, 1-11.
89. Gates, M. A., Kim, L., Egan, E. S., Cardozo, T., Sirotkin, H. I., et al. (1999). A genetic linkage map for zebrafish: comparative analysis and localization of genes and expressed sequences. Genome Res., 9, 334-347.
90. Gibbs, P. D. L. and Schmale, M. C. (2000). GFP as a genetic marker scorable throughout the life cycle of transgenic zebra fish. Mar. Biotechnol., 2, 107-125.
91. Giedroc, D. P., Chen, X., and Apuy, J. L. (2001). Metal response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1): structure, function, and regulation. Antioxid. Redox Signal., 3, 577-596.
92. Gloriam, D. E., Bjarnadottir, T. K., Yan, Y. L., Postlethwait, J. H., Schioth, H. B., and Fredriksson, R. (2005). The repertoire of trace amine G-protein-coupled receptors: large expansion in zebrafish. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 35, 470-482.
93. Godard, C. A., Goldstone, J. V., Said, M. R., Dickerson, R. L., Woodin, B. R., and Stegeman, J. J. (2005). The new vertebrate CYP1C family: cloning of new subfamily members and phylogenetic analysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 331, 1016-1024.
94. Golling, G., Amsterdam, A., Sun, Z., Antonelli, M., Maldonado, E., et al. (2002). Insertional mutagenesis in zebrafish rapidly identifies genes essential for early vertebrate development. Nat. Genet., 31, 135-140.
95. Gonzalez, H. O., Roling, J. A., Baldwin, W. S., and Bain, L. J. (2006). Physiological changes and differential gene expression in mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) exposed to arsenic. Aquat. Toxicol., 77, 43-52.
96. Gracey, A. Y., Fraser, E. J., Li, W., Fang, Y., Taylor, R. R., et al. (2004). Coping with cold: an integrative, multitissue analysis of the transcriptome of a poikilothermic vertebrate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 101, 16970-16975.
97. Gracey, A. Y., Troll, J. V., and Somero, G. N. (2001). Hypoxia-induced gene expression profiling in the euryoxic fish Gillichthys mirabilis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 98, 1993-1998.
98. Greenwood, A. K., Butler, P. C., White, R. B., DeMarco, U., Pearce, D., and Fernald, R. D. (2003). Multiple corticosteroid receptors in a teleost fish: distinct sequences, expression patterns, and transcriptional activities. Endocrinology, 144, 4226-4236.
99. Gregus, Z. and Klaassen, C. D. (2001). Mechanisms of toxicity. In Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 6th ed., Klassen, C. D., Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 301-331.
100. Greytak, S. R. and Callard, G. V. (2007). Cloning of three estrogen receptors (ER) from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): differences in populations from polluted and reference environments. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 150(1), 174-188.
101. Grun, F. and Blumberg, B. (2006). Environmental obesogens: organotins and endocrine disruption via nuclear receptor signaling. Endocrinology, 147, S50-S55.
102. Gu, X., Xu, F., Song, W., Wang, X., Hu, P., et al. (2006). A novel cytochrome P450, zebrafish Cyp26D1, is involved in metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid. Mol. Endocrinol., 20, 1661-1672.
103. Gurvich, N., Berman, M. G., Wittner, B. S., Gentleman, R. C., Klein, P. S., and Green, J. B. (2005). Association of valproate-induced teratogenesis with histone deacetylase inhibition in vivo. FASEB J., 19, 1166-1168.
104. Hahn, M. E. (1998). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a comparative perspective. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 121C, 23-53.
105. Hahn, M. E. (2002). Aryl hydrocarbon receptors: diversity and evolution. Chem.-Biol. Interact., 141, 131-160.
106. Hahn, M. E., Poland, A., Glover, E., and Stegeman, J. J. (1994). Photoaffinity labeling of the Ah receptor: phylogenetic survey of diverse vertebrate and invertebrate species. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 310, 218-228.
107. Hahn, M. E., Karchner, S. I., Shapiro, M. A., and Perera, S. A. (1997). Molecular evolution of two vertebrate aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptors (AhR1 and AhR2) and the PAS family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 13743-13748.
108. Hahn, M. E., Karchner, S. I., Franks, D. G., and Merson, R. R. (2004). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor polymorphisms and dioxin resistance in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). Pharmacogenetics, 14, 131-143.
109. Hahn, M. E., Merson, R. R., and Karchner, S. I. (2005). Xenobiotic receptors in fishes: structural and functional diversity and evolutionary insights. In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes. Vol. 6. Environmental Toxicology, Moon, T. W. and Mommsen, T. P., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 191-228.
110. Hahn, M. E., Karchner, S. I., Evans, B. R., Franks, D. G., Merson, R. R., and Lapseritis, J. M. (2006a). Unexpected diversity of aryl hydrocarbon receptors in non-mammalian vertebrates: insights from comparative genomics. J. Exp. Zool., 305A, 693-706.
111. Hahn, M. E., Karchner, S. I., Franks, D. G., Woodin, B. R., Barott, K. L., Cipriano, M. J., and McArthur, A. G. (2007). The transcriptional response to oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos [abstract #1578]. Toxicol. Sci. (Supplement: The Toxicologist).
112. Handley-Goldstone, H. M., Grow, M. W., and Stegeman, J. J. (2005). Cardiovascular gene expression profiles of dioxin exposure in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol. Sci., 85, 683-693.
113. Handschin, C. and Meyer, U. A. (2003). Induction of drug metabolism: the role of nuclear receptors. Pharmacol. Rev., 55, 649-673.
114. Handschin, C., Blattler, S., Roth, A., Looser, R., Oscarson, M., et al. (2004). The evolution of drug-activated nuclear receptors: one ancestral gene diverged into two xenosensor genes in mammals. Nucl. Recept., 2, 7.
115. Hashiguchi, Y. and Nishida, M. (2005). Evolution of vomeronasal-type odorant receptor genes in the zebrafish genome. Gene, 362, 19-28.
116. Havis, E., Anselme, I., and Schneider-Maunoury, S. (2006). Whole embryo chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol for the in vivo study of zebrafish development. Biotechniques, 40(1), 34-39.
117. Hawkins, M. B., Godwin, J., Crews, D., and Thomas, P. (2005). The distributions of the duplicate oestrogen receptors ER-beta a and ER-beta b in the forebrain of the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus): evidence for subfunctionalization after gene duplication. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 272, 633-641.
118. Hawkins, M. B. and Thomas, P. (2004). The unusual binding properties of the third distinct teleost estrogen receptor subtype ER-beta a are accompanied by highly conserved amino acid changes in the ligand binding domain. Endocrinology, 145, 2968-2977.
119. Hawkins, M. B., Thornton, J. W., Crews, D., Skipper, J. K., Dotte, A., and Thomas, P. (2000). Identification of a third distinct estrogen receptor and reclassification of estrogen receptors in teleosts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97, 10751-10756.
120. He, X. and Zhang, J. (2005). Rapid subfunctionalization accompanied by prolonged and substantial neofunctionalization in duplicate gene evolution. Genetics, 169, 1157-1164.
121. Henry, T. R., Nesbit, D. J., Heideman, W., and Peterson, R. E. (2001). Relative potencies of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners to induce cytochrome P4501A mRNA in a zebrafish liver cell line. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 1053-1058.
122. Hestermann, E. V., Stegeman, J. J., and Hahn, M. E. (2000). Relative contributions of affinity and intrinsic efficacy to aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand potency. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 168, 160-172.
123. Hewitt, L. M., Pryce, A. C., Parrott, J. L., Marlatt, V., Wood, C., et al. (2003). Accumulation of ligands for aryl hydrocarbon and sex steroid receptors in fish exposed to treated effluent from a bleached sulfite/groundwood pulp and paper mill. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 2890-2897.
124. Hill, A. J., Teraoka, H., Heideman, W., and Peterson, R. E. (2005). Zebrafish as a model vertebrate for investigating chemical toxicity. Toxicol. Sci., 86, 6-19.
125. Hinton, D. E., Kullman, S. W., Hardman, R. C., Volz, D. C., Chen, P. J., et al. (2005). Resolving mechanisms of toxicity while pursuing ecotoxicological relevance? Mar. Pollut. Bull., 51, 635-648.
126. Hirayama, J., Cardone, L., Doi, M., and Sassone-Corsi, P. (2005). Common pathways in circadian and cell cycle clocks: light-dependent activation of Fos/AP-1 in zebrafish controls CRY-1a and WEE-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 10194-10199.
127. Hoegg, S., Brinkmann, H., Taylor, J. S., and Meyer, A. (2004). Phylogenetic timing of the fish-specific genome duplication correlates with the diversification of teleost fish. J. Mol. Evol., 59, 190-203.
128. Hoffmann, J. L., Torontali, S. P., Thomason, R. G., Lee, D. M., Brill, J. L., et al. (2006). Hepatic gene expression profiling using Genechips in zebrafish exposed to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol. Aquat. Toxicol., 79, 233-246.
129. Hovius, R., Vallotton, P., Wohland, T., and Vogel, H. (2000). Fluorescence techniques: shedding light on ligand-receptor interactions. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 21, 266-273.
130. Hsu, H. J., Wang, W. D., and Hu, C. H. (2001). Ectopic expression of negative ARNT2 factor disrupts fish development. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 282, 487-492.
131. Incardona, J. P., Carls, M. G., Teraoka, H., Sloan, C. A., Collier, T. K., and Scholz, N. L. (2005). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-independent toxicity of weathered crude oil during fish development. Environ. Health Perspect., 113, 1755-1762.
132. Incardona, J. P., Collier, T. K., and Scholz, N. L. (2004). Defects in cardiac function precede morphological abnormalities in fish embryos exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 196, 191-205.
133. Incardona, J. P., Day, H. L., Collier, T. K., and Scholz, N. L. (2006). Developmental toxicity of 4-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish is differentially dependent on AH receptor isoforms and hepatic cytochrome P4501A metabolism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., 217, 308-321.
134. Jaillon, O., Aury, J. M., Brunet, F., Petit, J. L., Stange-Thomann, N., et al. (2004). Genome duplication in the teleost fish Tetraodon nigroviridis reveals the early vertebrate proto-karyotype. Nature, 431, 946-957.
135. Jessen, J. R., Meng, A., McFarlane, R. J., Paw, B. H., Zon, L. I., et al. (1998). Modification of bacterial artificial chromosomes through chi-stimulated homologous recombination and its application in zebrafish transgenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 5121-5126.
136. Johansson, M., Nilsson, S., and Lund, B. O. (1998). Interactions between methylsulfonyl PCBs and the glucocorticoid receptor. Environ. Health Perspect., 106, 769-772.
137. Ju, Z., Wells, M. C., and Walter, R. B. (2007). DNA microarray technology in toxicogenomics of aquatic models: methods and applications. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol., 145(1), 5-14.
138. Kajimura, S., Aida, K., and Duan, C. (2006). Understanding hypoxia-induced gene expression in early development: in vitro and in vivo analysis of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-regulated zebra fish insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol., 26, 1142-1155.
139. Karchner, S. I. and Hahn, M. E. (2004). Pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) aryl hydrocarbon receptors: unusually high diversity in a compact genome. Mar. Environ. Res., 58, 139-140.
140. Karchner, S. I., Powell, W. H., and Hahn, M. E. (1999). Identification and functional characterization of two highly divergent aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR1 and AhR2) in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus: evidence for a novel subfamily of ligand-binding basic helix-loop-helix Per-ARNT-Sim (bHLH-PAS) factors. J. Biol. Chem., 274, 33814-33824.
141. Karchner, S. I., Franks, D. G., Powell, W. H., and Hahn, M. E. (2002). Regulatory interactions among three members of the vertebrate aryl hydrocarbon receptor family: AhR repressor, AhR1, and AhR2. J. Biol. Chem., 277, 6949-6959.
142. Karchner, S. I., Franks, D. G., and Hahn, M. E. (2005). AhR1B, a new functional aryl hydrocarbon receptor in zebrafish: tandem arrangement of ahr1b and ahr2 genes. Biochem. J., 392, 153-161.
143. Kelly, K. A., Havrilla, C. M., Brady, T. C., Abramo, K. H., and Levin, E. D. (1998). Oxidative stress in toxicology: established mammalian and emerging piscine model systems. Environ. Health Perspect., 106, 375-384.
144. Kenakin, T. (1999). Pharmacologic Analysis of Drug-Receptor Interactions, Raven Press, New York.
145. Kenakin, T. P., Bond, R. A., and Bonner, T. I. (1992). Definition of pharmacological receptors. Pharmacol. Rev., 44, 351-362.
146. Kishida, M. and Callard, G. V. (2001). Distinct cytochrome P450 aromatase isoforms in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain and ovary are differentially programmed and estrogen regulated during early development. Endocrinology, 142, 740-750.
147. Kleinow, K. M., Haasch, M. L., Williams, D. E., and Lech, J. J. (1990). A comparison of hepatic P450 induction in rat and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): delineation of the site of resistance of fish to phenobarbital-type inducers. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 96C, 259-270.
148. Knoebl, I., Blum, J. L., Hemmer, M. J., and Denslow, N. D. (2006). Temporal gene induction patterns in sheepshead minnows exposed to 17beta-estradiol. J. Exp. Zool. A Comp. Exp. Biol., 305, 707-719.
149. Knoll-Gellida, A., Andre, M., Gattegno, T., Forgue, J., Admon, A., and Babin, P. J. (2006). Molecular phenotype of zebrafish ovarian follicle by serial analysis of gene expression and proteomic profiling, and comparison with the transcriptomes of other animals. BMC Genomics, 7, 46.
150. Knudsen, F. R. and Pottinger, T. G. (1999). Interaction of endocrine disrupting chemicals, singly and in combination, with estrogen-, androgen-, and corticosteroid-binding sites in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat. Toxicol., 44, 159-170.
151. Kobayashi, M., Itoh, K., Suzuki, T., Osanai, H., Nishikawa, K., et al. (2002). Identification of the interactive interface and phylogenic conservation of the Nrf2-Keap1 system. Genes Cells, 7, 807-820.
152. Langmuir, I. (1916). The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. Solids. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 38, 2221-2295.
153. Larkin, P., Sabo-Attwood, T., Kelso, J., and Denslow, N. D. (2002). Gene expression analysis of largemouth bass exposed to estradiol, nonylphenol, and p, p′-DDE. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol., 133, 543-557.
154. Larkin, P., Folmar, L. C., Hemmer, M. J., Poston, A. J., and Denslow, N. D. (2003a). Expression profiling of estrogenic compounds using a sheepshead minnow cDNA macroarray. EHP Toxicogenomics, 111, 29-36.
155. Larkin, P., Knoebl, I., and Denslow, N. D. (2003b). Differential gene expression analysis in fish exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol., 136, 149-161.
156. Larkin, P., Sabo-Attwood, T., Kelso, J., and Denslow, N. D. (2003c). Analysis of gene expression profiles in largemouth bass exposed to 17-beta-estradiol and to anthropogenic contaminants that behave as estrogens. Ecotoxicology, 12, 463-468.
157. Leaver, M. J., Boukouvala, E., Antonopoulou, E., Diez, A., Favre-Krey, L., et al. (2005). Three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isotypes from each of two species of marine fish. Endocrinology, 146, 3150-3162.
158. Leaver, M. J. and George, S. G. (2000). A cytochrome P4501B gene from a fish, Pleuronectes platessa. Gene, 256, 83-91.
159. Lele, Z., Bakkers, J., and Hammerschmidt, M. (2001). Morpholino phenocopies of the swirl, snailhouse, somitabun, minifin, silberblick, and pipetail mutations. Genesis, 30, 190-194.
160. Liberles, S. D. and Buck, L. B. (2006). A second class of chemosensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium. Nature, 442, 645-650.
161. Link, V., Carvalho, L., Castanon, I., Stockinger, P., Shevchenko, A., and Heisenberg, C. P. (2006a). Identification of regulators of germ layer morphogenesis using proteomics in zebrafish. J. Cell Sci., 119, 2073-2083.
162. Link, V., Shevchenko, A., and Heisenberg, C. P. (2006b). Proteomics of early zebrafish embryos. BMC Dev. Biol., 6, 1.
163. Linney, E., and Udvadia, A. J. (2004). Construction and detection of fluorescent, germline transgenic zebrafish. In Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 254. Germ Cell Protocols. Vol. 2. Molecular Embryo Analysis, Live Imaging, Transgenesis, and Cloning, Schatten, H., Ed., Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 271-288.
164. Linney, E., Dobbs-McAuliffe, B., Sajadi, H., and Malek, R. L. (2004a). Microarray gene expression profiling during the segmentation phase of zebrafish development. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol., 138, 351-362.
165. Linney, E., Upchurch, L., and Donerly, S. (2004b). Zebrafish as a neurotoxicological model. Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 26, 709-718.
166. Long, Q., Meng, A., Wang, H., Jessen, J. R., Farrell, M. J., and Lin, S. (1997). GATA-1 expression pattern can be recapitulated in living transgenic zebrafish using GFP reporter gene. Development, 124, 4105-4111.
167. 3H]2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin binding to Ah receptor in a rainbow trout hepatoma cell line. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 106, 53-62.
168. Luo, W., Fan, W., Xie, H., Jing, L., Ricicki, E., et al. (2005). Phenotypic anchoring of global gene expression profiles induced by N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide reveals correlations between expression profiles and mechanism of toxicity. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 18, 619-629.
169. Lynch, M. and Force, A. (2000). The probability of duplicate gene preservation by subfunctionalization. Genetics, 154, 459-473.
170. Ma, Q. (2001). Induction of CYP1A1: the AhR/DRE paradigm-transcription, receptor regulation, and expanding biological roles. Curr. Drug Metab., 2, 149-164.
171. MacGregor, J. I. and Jordan, V. C. (1998). Basic guide to the mechanisms of antiestrogen action. Pharmacol. Rev., 50, 151-196.
172. Maglich, J. M., Caravella, J. A., Lambert, M. H., Willson, T. M., Moore, J. T., and Ramamurthy, L. (2003). The first completed genome sequence from a teleost fish (Fugu rubripes) adds significant diversity to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Nucl. Acids Res., 31, 4051-4058.
173. Makynen, E. A., Kahl, M. D., Jensen, K. M., Tietge, J. E., Wells, K. L., et al. (2000). Effects of the mammalian antiandrogen vinclozolin on development and reproduction of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Aquat. Toxicol., 48, 461-475.
174. Malicki, J., Jo, H., Wei, X., Hsiung, M., and Pujic, Z. (2002). Analysis of gene function in the zebrafish retina. Methods, 28, 427-438.
175. Manchester, D. K., Gordon, S. K., Golas, C. L., Roberts, E. A., and Okey, A. B. (1987). Ah receptor in human placenta: stabilization by molybdate and characterization of binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin, 3-methylcholanthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene. Cancer Res., 47, 4861-4868.
176. Maples, N. L. and Bain, L. J. (2004). Trivalent chromium alters gene expression in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 626-631.
177. Margulies, M., Egholm, M., Altman, W. E., Attiya, S., Bader, J. S., et al. (2005). Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors. Nature, 437, 376-380.
178. Mathavan, S., Lee, S. G., Mak, A., Miller, L. D., Murthy, K. R., et al. (2005). Transcriptome analysis of zebrafish embryogenesis using microarrays. PLoS Genet., 1, 260-276.
179. Mathew, L. K., Andreasen, E. A., and Tanguay, R. L. (2006). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation inhibits regenerative growth. Mol. Pharmacol., 69, 257-265.
180. Matthews, J., Celius, T., Halgren, R., and Zacharewski, T. (2000). Differential estrogen receptor binding of estrogenic substances: a species comparison. J Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 74, 223-234.
181. McCauley, D. W. and Bronner-Fraser, M. (2006). Importance of SoxE in neural crest development and the evolution of the pharynx. Nature, 441, 750-752.
182. Meng, A., Tang, H., Ong, B. A., Farrell, M. J., and Lin, S. (1997). Promoter analysis in living zebrafish embryos identifies a cis-acting motif required for neuronal expression of GATA-2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 6267-6272.
183. Meng, A., Tang, H., Yuan, B., Ong, B. A., Long, Q., and Lin, S. (1999). Positive and negative cis-acting elements are required for hematopoietic expression of zebrafish GATA-1. Blood, 93, 500-508.
184. Menuet, A., Pellegrini, E., Anglade, I., Blaise, O., Laudet, V., et al. (2002). Molecular characterization of three estrogen receptor forms in zebrafish: binding characteristics, transactivation properties, and tissue distributions. Biol. Reprod., 66, 1881-1892.
185. Merson, R. R. and Hahn, M. E. (2002). Are sharks susceptible to dioxins? cDNA cloning and characterization of elasmobranch aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Mar. Environ. Res., 54, 410.
186. Meucci, V. and Arukwe, A. (2006). The xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol modulates hepatic gene expression of pregnane X receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, CYP3A and CYP1A1 in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol., 142, 142-150.
187. Meyer, A. and Mindell, D. P. (2001). Homology evolving. Trends Ecol. Evol., 16, 434-440.
188. Meyer, J. N., Volz, D. C., Freedman, J. H., and Di Giulio, R. T. (2005). Differential display of hepatic mRNA from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund estuary. Aquat. Toxicol., 73, 327-341.
189. Mimura, J., Yamashita, K., Nakamura, K., Morita, M., Takagi, T., et al. (1997). Loss of teratogenic response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in mice lacking the Ah (dioxin) receptor. Genes Cells, 2, 645-654.
190. Mimura, J., Ema, M., Sogawa, K., and Fujii-Kuriyama, Y. (1999). Identification of a novel mechanism of regulation of Ah (dioxin) receptor function. Genes Dev., 13, 20-25.
191. Moggs, J. G. (2005). Molecular responses to xenoestrogens: mechanistic insights from toxicogenomics. Toxicology, 213, 177-193.
192. Moggs, J. G., Tinwell, H., Spurway, T., Chang, H. S., Pate, I., et al. (2004). Phenotypic anchoring of gene expression changes during estrogen-induced uterine growth. Environ. Health Perspect., 112, 1589-1606.
193. Mommsen, T. P. and Moon, T. W., Eds. (2005). Environmental Toxicology, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
194. Moore, L. B., Maglich, J. M., McKee, D. D., Wisely, B., Willson, T. M., et al. (2002). Pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and benzoate X receptor (BXR) define three pharmacologically distinct classes of nuclear receptors. Mol. Endocrinol., 16, 977-986.
195. Mortensen, A. S. and Arukwe, A. (2006). The persistent DDT metabolite, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene, alters thyroid hormone-dependent genes, hepatic cytochrome P4503A, and pregnane X receptor gene expressions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Parr. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 1607-1615.
196. Munson, P. J. and Rodbard, D. (1983). Number of receptor sites from Scatchard and Klotz graphs: a constructive critique. Science, 220, 979-981.
197. Nacci, D. E., Gleason, T. R., Gutjahr-Gobell, R., Huber, M., and Munns, Jr., W. R. (2002). Effects of chronic stress on wildlife populations: a population modeling approach and case study. In Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment, Newman, M. C., Roberts, M. H., and Hale, R. C., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 247-272.
198. Nakai, J. S. and Bunce, N. J. (1995). Characterization of the Ah receptor from human placental tissue. J. Biochem. Toxicol., 10, 151-159.
199. Nasevicius, A. and Ekker, S. C. (2000). Effective targeted gene ‘knockdown’ in zebrafish. Nat. Genet., 26, 216-220.
200. Nasevicius, A., Hyatt, T. M., Hermanson, S. B., and Ekker, S. C. (2000). Sequence, expression, and location of zebrafish frizzled 10. Mech. Dev., 92, 311-314.
201. Nebert, D. W., Dalton, T. P., Okey, A. B., and Gonzalez, F. J. (2004). Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated induction of the CYP1 enzymes in environmental toxicity and cancer. J. Biol. Chem., 279, 23847-23850.
202. Nelson, D. R. (2003). Comparison of P450s from human and Fugu: 420 million years of vertebrate P450 evolution. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 409, 18-24.
203. Nevitt, G. A., Dittman, A. H., Quinn, T. P., and Moody, Jr., W. J. (1994). Evidence for a peripheral olfactory memory in imprinted salmon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91, 4288-4292.
204. Nguyen, T., Sherratt, P. J., and Pickett, C. B. (2003). Regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression mediated by the antioxidant response element. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 43, 233-260.
205. Okey, A. B., Bondy, G. P., Mason, M. E., Kahl, G. F., Eisen, H. J., et al. (1979). Regulatory gene product of the Ah locus: characterization of the cytosolic inducer-receptor complex and evidence for its nuclear translocation. J. Biol. Chem., 254, 11636-11648.
206. Oleksiak, M. F., Churchill, G. A., and Crawford, D. L. (2002). Variation in gene expression within and among natural populations. Nat. Genet., 32, 261-266.
207. Oleksiak, M. F., Kolell, K. J., and Crawford, D. L. (2001). Utility of natural populations for microarray analyses: isolation of genes necessary for functional genomic studies. Mar. Biotechnol., 3, S203-S211.
208. Oxendine, S. L., Cowden, J., Hinton, D. E., and Padilla, S. (2006). Adapting the medaka embryo assay to a high-throughput approach for developmental toxicity testing. Neurotoxicology, 27(5), 840-845.
209. Paules, R. (2003). Phenotypic anchoring: linking cause and effect. Environ. Health Perspect., 111, A338-A339.
210. Peraza, M. A., Burdick, A. D., Marin, H. E., Gonzalez, F. J., and Peters, J. M. (2006). The toxicology of ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). Toxicol. Sci., 90, 269-295.
211. Perz-Edwards, A., Hardison, N. L., and Linney, E. (2001). Retinoic acid-mediated gene expression in transgenic reporter zebrafish. Dev. Biol., 229, 89-101.
212. Peterson, J. S. and Bain, L. J. (2004). Differential gene expression in anthracene-exposed mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus). Aquat. Toxicol., 66, 345-355.
213. Petit, F., Le Goff, P., Cravedi, J. P., Valotaire, Y., and Pakdel, F. (1997). Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J. Mol. Endocrinol., 19, 321-335.
214. Poland, A., Glover, E., and Kende, A. S. (1976). Stereospecific, high-affinity binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by hepatic cytosol. J. Biol. Chem., 251, 4936-4946.
215. Poland, A., Glover, E., Ebetino, F. H., and Kende, A. S. (1986). Photoaffinity labeling of the Ah receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 261, 6352-6365.
216. Pollenz, R. S. and Necela, B. (1998). Characterization of two continuous cell lines derived from Oncorhynchus mykiss for models of Ah-receptor mediated signal transduction: direct comparison to the mammalian Hepa-1c1c7 cell line. Aquat. Toxicol., 41, 31-49.
217. Pollenz, R. S., Necela, B., and Marks-Sojka, K. (2002). Analysis of rainbow trout Ah receptor protein isoforms in cell culture reveals conservation of function in Ah receptor-mediated signal transduction. Biochem. Pharmacol., 64, 49-60.
218. Pollenz, R. S., Sullivan, H. R., Holmes, J., Necela, B., and Peterson, R. E. (1996). Isolation and expression of cDNAs from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that encode two novel basic helix-loop-helix/PERARNT-SIM (bHLH/PAS) proteins with distinct functions in the presence of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Evidence for alternative mRNA splicing and dominant negative activity in the bHLH/PAS family. J. Biol. Chem., 271, 30886-30896.
219. Porcher, C., Liao, E. C., Fujiwara, Y., Zon, L. I., and Orkin, S. H. (1999). Specification of hematopoietic and vascular development by the bHLH transcription factor SCL without direct DNA binding. Development, 126, 4603-4615.
220. Postlethwait, J., Amores, A., Cresko, W., Singer, A., and Yan, Y. L. (2004). Subfunction partitioning, the teleost radiation and the annotation of the human genome. Trends Genet., 20, 481-490.
221. Powell, W. H., Karchner, S. I., Bright, R., and Hahn, M. E. (1999). Functional diversity of vertebrate ARNT proteins: identification of ARNT2 as the predominant form of ARNT in the marine teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 361, 156-163.
222. Power, D. M., Llewellyn, L., Faustino, M., Nowell, M. A., Bjornsson, B. T., et al. (2001). Thyroid hormones in growth and development of fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol., 130, 447-459.
223. Prasch, A. L., Teraoka, H., Carney, S. A., Dong, W., Hiraga, T., et al. (2003). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 mediates 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin developmental toxicity in zebrafish. Toxicol. Sci., 76, 138-150.
224. Prasch, A. L., Heideman, W., and Peterson, R. E. (2004). ARNT2 is not required for TCDD developmental toxicity in zebrafish. Toxicol. Sci., 82, 250-258.
225. Prasch, A. L., Tanguay, R. L., Mehta, V., Heideman, W., and Peterson, R. E. (2006). Identification of zebrafish ARNT1 homologs: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity in the developing zebrafish requires ARNT1. Mol. Pharmacol., 69, 776-787.
226. Prunet, P., Sturm, A., and Milla, S. (2006). Multiple corticosteroid receptors in fish: from old ideas to new concepts. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 147, 17-23.
227. Puga, A., Tomlinson, C. R., and Xia, Y. (2005). Ah receptor signals cross-talk with multiple developmental pathways. Biochem. Pharmacol., 69, 199-207.
228. Reschly, E. J. and Krasowski, M. D. (2006). Evolution and function of the NR1I nuclear hormone receptor subfamily (VDR, PXR, and CAR) with respect to metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Curr. Drug Metab., 7, 349-365.
229. Rise, M. L., von Schalburg, K. R., Brown, G. D., Mawer, M. A., Devlin, R. H., et al. (2004). Development and application of a salmonid EST database and cDNA microarray: data mining and interspecific hybridization characteristics. Genome Res., 14, 478-490.
230. Robinson-Rechavi, M., Marchand, O., Escriva, H., Bardet, P. L., Zelus, D., et al. (2001). Euteleost fish genomes are characterized by expansion of gene families. Genome Res., 11, 781-788.
231. Roling, J. A., Bain, L. J., and Baldwin, W. S. (2004). Differential gene expression in mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) following treatment with pyrene: comparison to a creosote contaminated site. Mar. Environ. Res., 57, 377-395.
232. Roy, N. K., Courtenay, S. C., Chambers, R. C., and Wirgin, I. I. (2006). Characterization of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor and a comparison of its expression in Atlantic tomcod from resistant and sensitive populations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 560-571.
233. Roy, N. K. and Wirgin, I. (1997). Characterization of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor gene and its expression in Atlantic tomcod. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 344, 373-386.
234. Samson, S. L. and Gedamu, L. (1998). Molecular analyses of metallothionein gene regulation. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol., 59, 257-288.
235. Sanetra, M., Begemann, G., Becker, M. B., and Meyer, A. (2005). Conservation and co-option in developmental programmes: the importance of homology relationships. Front. Zool., 2, 15.
236. Scatchard, G. (1949). The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 51, 660-672.
237. Schlenk, D. and Benson, W. H., Eds. (2001). Target Organ Toxicity in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts, Routledge, New York.
238. Schlezinger, J. J., White, R. D., and Stegeman, J. J. (1999). Oxidative inactivation of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) stimulated by 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl: production of reactive oxygen by vertebrate CYP1As. Mol. Pharmacol., 56, 588-597.
239. Schmidt, J. V. and Bradfield, C. A. (1996). Ah receptor signaling pathways. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol., 12, 55-89.
240. Sekine, H., Mimura, J., Yamamoto, M., and Fujii-Kuriyama, Y. (2006). Unique and overlapping transcriptional roles of Arnt (arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator) and Arnt2 in xenobiotic and hypoxic responses. J. Biol. Chem., 281, 37507-37516.
241. Sheader, D. L., Williams, T. D., Lyons, B. P., and Chipman, J. K. (2006). Oxidative stress response of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to cadmium determined by a custom cDNA microarray. Mar. Environ. Res., 62, 33-44.
242. Shiau, A. K., Barstad, D., Loria, P. M., Cheng, L., Kushner, P. J., et al. (1998). The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen. Cell, 95, 927-937.
243. Silva, E., Raiapakse, N., and Kortenkamp, A. (2002). Something from nothing: eight weak estrogenic chemicals combined at concentrations below NOECs produce significant mixture effects. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1751-1756.
244. Smeets, J. M., Rankouhi, T. R., Nichols, K. M., Komen, H., Kaminski, N. E., et al. (1999). In vitro vitellogenin production by carp (Cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes as a screening method for determining (anti)estrogenic activity of xenobiotics. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 157, 68-76.
245. Sogin, M. L., Morrison, H. G., Huber, J. A., Welch, D. M., Huse, S. M., et al. (2006). Microbial diversity in the deep sea and the underexplored ‘rare biosphere.’ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 103, 12115-12120.
246. Stegeman, J. J. and Hahn, M. E. (1994). Biochemistry and molecular biology of monooxygenases: current perspectives on forms, functions, and regulation of cytochrome P450 in aquatic species. In Aquatic Toxicology: Molecular, Biochemical and Cellular Perspectives, Malins, D. C. and Ostrander, G. K., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 87-206.
247. Stehr, C. M., Linbo, T. L., Incardona, J. P., and Scholz, N. L. (2006). The developmental neurotoxicity of fipronil: notochord degeneration and locomotor defects in zebrafish embryos and larvae. Toxicol. Sci., 92, 270-278.
248. Steinke, D., Salzburger, W., Braasch, I., and Meyer, A. (2006). Many genes in fish have species-specific asymmetric rates of molecular evolution. BMC Genomics, 7, 20.
249. Stentiford, G. D., Viant, M. R., Ward, D. G., Johnson, P. J., Martin, A., et al. (2005). Liver tumors in wild flatfish: a histopathological, proteomic, and metabolomic study. Omics, 9, 281-299.
250. Stolte, E. H., van Kemenade, B. M., Savelkoul, H. F., and Flik, G. (2006). Evolution of glucocorticoid receptors with different glucocorticoid sensitivity. J. Endocrinol., 190, 17-28.
251. Sumanas, S. and Larson, J. D. (2002). Morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligonucleotides in zebrafish: a recipe for functional genomics? Brief. Funct. Genom. Proteom., 1, 239-256.
252. Summerton, J. (1999). Morpholino antisense oligomers: the case for an RNase H-independent structural type. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1489, 141-158.
253. Summerton, J. and Weller, D. (1997). Morpholino antisense oligomers: design, preparation, and properties. Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev., 7, 187-195.
254. Suzuki, T., Takagi, Y., Osanai, H., Li, L., Takeuchi, M., et al. (2005). Pi class glutathione S-transferase genes are regulated by Nrf 2 through an evolutionarily conserved regulatory element in zebrafish. Biochem. J., 388, 65-73.
255. 125I]iodo-7,8-dibromodibenzo-p-dioxin in cell culture. Toxicol. Lett., 58, 85-95.
256. Tanguay, R. L., Andreasen, E. A., Walker, M. K., and Peterson, R. E. (2003). Dioxin toxicity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in fish. In Dioxins and Health, 2nd ed., Schecter, A. and Gasiewicz, T. A., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 603-628.
257. Tarrant, A. M., Greytak, S. R., Callard, G. V., and Hahn, M. E. (2006). Estrogen receptor-related receptors in the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus: diversity, expression, and estrogen responsiveness. J. Mol. Endocrinol., 37, 105-120.
258. Taylor, J. S., Van de Peer, Y., Braasch, I., and Meyer, A. (2001). Comparative genomics provides evidence for an ancient genome duplication event in fish. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 356, 1661-1679.
259. Tchoudakova, A. and Callard, G. V. (1998). Identification of multiple CYP19 genes encoding different cytochrome P450 aromatase isozymes in brain and ovary. Endocrinology, 139, 2179-2189.
260. Teraoka, H., Dong, W., Tsujimoto, Y., Iwasa, H., Endoh, D., et al. (2003). Induction of cytochrome P450 1A is required for circulation failure and edema by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in zebrafish. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 304, 223-228.
261. Thornton, J. W. (2001). Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 98, 5671-5676.
262. Thorpe, K. L., Gross-Sorokin, M., Johnson, I., Brighty, G., and Tyler, C. R. (2006). An assessment of the model of concentration addition for predicting the estrogenic activity of chemical mixtures in wastewater treatment works effluents. Environ. Health Perspect., 114(Suppl. 1), 90-97.
263. Ton, C., Stamatiou, D., Dzau, V. J., and Liew, C. C. (2002). Construction of a zebrafish cDNA microarray: gene expression profiling of the zebrafish during development. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 296, 1134-1142.
264. Topczewska, J. M., Topczewski, J., Shostak, A., Kume, T., Solnica-Krezel, L., and Hogan, B. L. (2001). The winged helix transcription factor Foxc1a is essential for somitogenesis in zebrafish. Genes Dev., 15, 2483-2493.
265. Tsui, H. W. and Okey, A. B. (1981). Rapid vertical tube rotor gradient assay for binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the Ah receptor. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 59, 927-931.
266. Udvadia, A. J. and Linney, E. (2003). Windows into development: historic, current, and future perspectives on transgenic zebrafish. Dev. Biol., 256, 1-17.
267. van der Ven, K., De Wit, M., Keil, D., Moens, L., Van Leemput, K., et al. (2005). Development and application of a brain-specific cDNA microarray for effect evaluation of neuro-active pharmaceuticals in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol., 141, 408-417.
268. van der Ven, L. T., van den Brandhof, E. J., Vos, J. H., Power, D. M., and Wester, P. W. (2006). Effects of the antithyroid agent propylthiouracil in a partial life cycle assay with zebrafish. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 74-81.
269. Velculescu, V. E., Zhang, L., Vogelstein, B., and Kinzler, K. W. (1995). Serial analysis of gene expression. Science, 270, 484-487.
270. Vijayan, M. M., Prunet, P., and Boone, A. N. (2005). Xenobiotic impact on corticosteroid signaling. In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes. Vol. 6. Environmental Toxicology, Moon, T. W. and Mommsen, T. P., Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 3-41.
271. Volz, D. C., Bencic, D. C., Hinton, D. E., Law, J. M., and Kullman, S. W. (2005). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzop- dioxin (TCDD) induces organ- specific differential gene expression in male Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Toxicol Sci 85, 572-584.
272. Volz, D. C., Hinton, D. E., Law, J. M., and Kullman, S. W. (2006). Dynamic gene expression changes precede dioxin-induced liver pathogenesis in medaka fish. Toxicol. Sci., 89, 524-534.
273. von Schalburg, K. R., Rise, M. L., Cooper, G. A., Brown, G. D., Gibbs, A. R., Nelson, C. C., Davidson, W. S., and Koop, B. F. (2005). Fish and chips: various methodologies demonstrate utility of a 16,006-gene salmonid microarray. BMC Genomics, 6, 126.
274. Vuori, K. A., Koskinen, H., Krasnov, A., Koivumaki, P., Afanasyev, S., Vuorinen, P. J., and Nikinmaa, M. (2006). Developmental disturbances in early life stage mortality (M74) of Baltic salmon fry as studied by changes in gene expression. BMC Genomics, 7, 56.
275. Walisser, J. A., Bunger, M. K., Glover, E., Harstad, E. B., and Bradfield, C. A. (2004). Patent ductus venosus and dioxin resistance in mice harboring a hypomorphic Arnt allele. J. Biol. Chem., 279, 16326-16331.
276. Walker, C. C., Salinas, K. A., Harris, P. S., Wilkinson, S. S., Watts, J. D., and Hemmer, M. J. (2006). A proteomic (SELDI-TOF-MS) approach to estrogen agonist screening. Toxicol. Sci., 95(1), 74-81.
277. Walker, M. K., Cook, P. M., Butterworth, B. C., Zabel, E. W., and Peterson, R. E. (1996). Potency of a complex mixture of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners compared to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in causing fish early life stage mortality. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 30, 178-186.
278. Wang, L., Scheffler, B. E., and Willett, K. L. (2006). CYP1C1 mRNA expression is inducible by benzo(a)pyrene in Fundulus heteroclitus embryos and adults. Toxicol. Sci., 93, 331-340.
279. Ward, D. G., Wei, W., Cheng, Y., Billingham, L. J., Martin, A., et al. (2006). Plasma proteome analysis reveals the geographical origin and liver tumor status of Dab (Limanda limanda) from U.K. marine waters. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 4031-4036.
280. Wells, K. and Van Der Kraak, G. (2000). Differential binding of endogenous steroids and chemicals to androgen receptors in rainbow trout and goldfish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 2059-2065.
281. Wentworth, J. N., Buzzeo, R., and Pollenz, R. S. (2004). Functional characterization of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (zfAhR2) localization and degradation in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Biochem. Pharmacol., 67, 1363-1372.
282. Wienholds, E., Schulte-Merker, S., Walderich, B., and Plasterk, R. H. (2002). Target-selected inactivation of the zebrafish rag1 gene. Science, 297, 99-102.
283. Wienholds, E., van Eeden, F., Kosters, M., Mudde, J., Plasterk, R. H., and Cuppen, E. (2003). Efficient targetselected mutagenesis in zebrafish. Genome Res., 13, 2700-2707.
284. Williams, T. D., Gensberg, K., Minchin, S. D., and Chipman, J. K. (2003). A DNA expression array to detect toxic stress response in European flounder (Platichthys flesus). Aquat. Toxicol., 65, 141-157.
285. Wirgin, I. and Waldman, J. R. (2004). Resistance to contaminants in North American fish populations. Mutat. Res., 552, 73-100.
286. Zabel, E. W., Walker, M. K., Hornung, M. W., Clayton, M. K., and Peterson, R. E. (1995). Interactions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners for producing rainbow trout early life stage mortality. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 134, 204-213.
287. Zhu, Y., Bond, J., and Thomas, P. (2003a). Identification, classification, and partial characterization of genes in humans and other vertebrates homologous to a fish membrane progestin receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100, 2237-2242.
288. Zhu, Y., Rice, C. D., Pang, Y., Pace, M., and Thomas, P. (2003b). Cloning, expression, and characterization of a membrane progestin receptor and evidence it is an intermediary in meiotic maturation of fish oocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100, 2231-2236.