메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 298-308

Concise review: Self-renewal in the central nervous system: Neural stem cells from embryo to adult

Author keywords

Cancer; Neural stem cell; Stem cell expansion; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells

Indexed keywords

BETA TUBULIN; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 4; CD133 ANTIGEN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2; GALACTOSYLCERAMIDE; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; KRUPPEL LIKE FACTOR 4; MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 2; MYC PROTEIN; NESTIN; NOTCH RECEPTOR; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 4; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3, 4, 5 TRISPHOSPHATE 3 PHOSPHATASE; PIGMENT EPITHELIUM DERIVED FACTOR; PROTEIN P53; SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN; STROMAL CELL DERIVED FACTOR 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NANOG; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WNT PROTEIN;

EID: 85047688761     PISSN: 21576564     EISSN: 21576580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2011-0045     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (38)

References (148)
  • 1
    • 77953416102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxic insults lead to peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation
    • Léveillé F, Soriano FX, Papadia S, et al. Excitotoxic insults lead to peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2009;2:110-113.
    • (2009) Oxid Med Cell Longev , vol.2 , pp. 110-113
    • Léveillé, F.1    Soriano, F.X.2    Papadia, S.3
  • 2
    • 68549104117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxygen in regulating neural stem cells in development and disease
    • Panchision DM. The role of oxygen in regulating neural stem cells in development and disease. J Cell Physiol 2009;220:562-568.
    • (2009) J Cell Physiol , vol.220 , pp. 562-568
    • Panchision, D.M.1
  • 3
    • 1542268981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For the long run: Maintaining germinal niches in the adult brain
    • Alvarez-Buylla A, Lim DA. For the long run: Maintaining germinal niches in the adult brain. Neuron 2004;41:683-686.
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.41 , pp. 683-686
    • Alvarez-Buylla, A.1    Lim, D.A.2
  • 4
    • 0028908299 scopus 로고
    • Isolation, characterization, and use of stem cells from the CNS
    • Gage FH, Ray J, Fisher LJ. Isolation, characterization, and use of stem cells from the CNS. Annu Rev Neurosci 1995;18:159-192.
    • (1995) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 159-192
    • Gage, F.H.1    Ray, J.2    Fisher, L.J.3
  • 6
    • 0013784893 scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats
    • Altman J, Das GD. Autoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. J Comp Neurol 1965; 124:319-335.
    • (1965) J Comp Neurol , vol.124 , pp. 319-335
    • Altman, J.1    Das, G.D.2
  • 7
    • 0022271774 scopus 로고
    • Neuron production in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb of the adult ratbrain: Addition or replacement?
    • Bayer SA. Neuron production in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb of the adult ratbrain: Addition or replacement? Ann NY Acad Sci 1985;457:163-172.
    • (1985) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.457 , pp. 163-172
    • Bayer, S.A.1
  • 8
    • 0019942979 scopus 로고
    • Neurons in the rat dentate gyrus granular layer substantially increase during juvenile and adult life
    • Bayer SA, Yackel JW, Puri PS. Neurons in the rat dentate gyrus granular layer substantially increase during juvenile and adult life. Science 1982;216:890-892.
    • (1982) Science , vol.216 , pp. 890-892
    • Bayer, S.A.1    Yackel, J.W.2    Puri, P.S.3
  • 9
    • 0031928119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multipotent progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus
    • Gage FH, Kempermann G, Palmer TD et al. Multipotent progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus. J Neurobiol 1998;36:249-266.
    • (1998) J Neurobiol , vol.36 , pp. 249-266
    • Gage, F.H.1    Kempermann, G.2    Palmer, T.D.3
  • 10
    • 0017701702 scopus 로고
    • Neurogenesis in the adult rat: Electron microscopic analysis of light radioautographs
    • Kaplan MS, Hinds JW. Neurogenesis in the adult rat: Electron microscopic analysis of light radioautographs. Science 1977;197: 1092-1094.
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 1092-1094
    • Kaplan, M.S.1    Hinds, J.W.2
  • 11
    • 0027406459 scopus 로고
    • Proliferating subventricular zone cells in the adult mammalian forebrain can differentiate into neurons and glia
    • Lois C, Alvarez-Buylla A. Proliferating subventricular zone cells in the adult mammalian forebrain can differentiate into neurons and glia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:2074-2077.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 2074-2077
    • Lois, C.1    Alvarez-Buylla, A.2
  • 12
    • 33746851247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition and organization of the SCZ: A large germinal layer containing neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain
    • Seri B, Herrera DG, Gritti A et al. Composition and organization of the SCZ: A large germinal layer containing neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Cereb Cortex 2006; 16(suppl 1):i103-i111.
    • (2006) Cereb Cortex , vol.16 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Seri, B.1    Herrera, D.G.2    Gritti, A.3
  • 13
    • 22844437215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of neural stem cells from the postnatal cerebellum
    • Lee A, Kessler JD, Read TA et al. Isolation of neural stem cells from the postnatal cerebellum. Nat Neurosci 2005;8:723-729.
    • (2005) Nat Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 723-729
    • Lee, A.1    Kessler, J.D.2    Read, T.A.3
  • 14
    • 0026535505 scopus 로고
    • Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system
    • Reynolds BA, Weiss S. Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science 1992;255:1707-1710.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , pp. 1707-1710
    • Reynolds, B.A.1    Weiss, S.2
  • 16
    • 0036735672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke
    • Arvidsson A, Collin T, Kirik D et al. Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat Med 2002; 8:963-970.
    • (2002) Nat Med , vol.8 , pp. 963-970
    • Arvidsson, A.1    Collin, T.2    Kirik, D.3
  • 17
    • 0141785164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A niche for adult neural stem cells
    • Doetsch F. A niche for adult neural stem cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2003;13:543-550.
    • (2003) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.13 , pp. 543-550
    • Doetsch, F.1
  • 18
    • 0028231054 scopus 로고
    • Routes to repopulation: A unification of the stochastic model and separation of stem-cell subpopulations
    • discussion 1072-1073
    • Gordon MY, Blackett NM. Routes to repopulation: A unification of the stochastic model and separation of stem-cell subpopulations. Leukemia 1994;8:1068-1072; discussion 1072-1073.
    • (1994) Leukemia , vol.8 , pp. 1068-1072
    • Gordon, M.Y.1    Blackett, N.M.2
  • 19
    • 77954772955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular matrix proteins and astrocytederived soluble factors influence the differentiation and proliferation of adult neural progenitor cells
    • Ariza CA, McHugh KP, White SJ et al. Extracellular matrix proteins and astrocytederived soluble factors influence the differentiation and proliferation of adult neural progenitor cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:816-824.
    • (2010) J Biomed Mater Res A , vol.94 , pp. 816-824
    • Ariza, C.A.1    McHugh, K.P.2    White, S.J.3
  • 20
    • 77954857356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quiescence and activation of stem and precursor cell populations in the subependymal zone of the mammalian brain are associated with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix signals
    • Kazanis I, Lathia JD, Vadakkan TJ et al. Quiescence and activation of stem and precursor cell populations in the subependymal zone of the mammalian brain are associated with distinct cellular and extracellular matrix signals. J Neurosci 2010;30:9771-9781.
    • (2010) J Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 9771-9781
    • Kazanis, I.1    Lathia, J.D.2    Vadakkan, T.J.3
  • 21
    • 79953268438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous live imaging of adult neural stem cell division and lineage progression in vitro
    • Costa MR, Ortega F, Brill MS et al. Continuous live imaging of adult neural stem cell division and lineage progression in vitro. Development 2011;138:1057-1068.
    • (2011) Development , vol.138 , pp. 1057-1068
    • Costa, M.R.1    Ortega, F.2    Brill, M.S.3
  • 22
    • 39149130360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of asymmetric stem cell division
    • Knoblich JA. Mechanisms of asymmetric stem cell division. Cell 2008;132:583-597.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.132 , pp. 583-597
    • Knoblich, J.A.1
  • 24
    • 33845401909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postnatal deletion of Numb/Numblike reveals repair and remodeling capacity in the subventricular neurogenic niche
    • Kuo CT, Mirzadeh Z, Soriano-Navarro M et al. Postnatal deletion of Numb/Numblike reveals repair and remodeling capacity in the subventricular neurogenic niche. Cell 2006; 127:1253-1264.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.127 , pp. 1253-1264
    • Kuo, C.T.1    Mirzadeh, Z.2    Soriano-Navarro, M.3
  • 25
    • 0346732391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of Numb and Numblike in embryonic dorsal forebrain impairs neurogenesis and disrupts cortical morphogenesis
    • Li HS, Wang D, Shen Q et al. Inactivation of Numb and Numblike in embryonic dorsal forebrain impairs neurogenesis and disrupts cortical morphogenesis. Neuron 2003;40: 1105-1118.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.40 , pp. 1105-1118
    • Li, H.S.1    Wang, D.2    Shen, Q.3
  • 26
    • 0037206889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progenitor cell maintenance requires numb and numblike during mouse neurogenesis
    • Petersen PH, K Zou, JK Hwang et al. Progenitor cell maintenance requires numb and numblike during mouse neurogenesis. Nature 2002;419:929-934.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 929-934
    • Petersen, P.H.1    Zou, K.2    Hwang, J.K.3
  • 27
    • 79551681998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuralized mediates asymmetric division of neural precursors by two distinct and sequential events: Promoting asymmetric localization of Numb and enhancing activation of Notch-signaling
    • Bhat KM, Gaziova I, Katipalla S. Neuralized mediates asymmetric division of neural precursors by two distinct and sequential events: Promoting asymmetric localization of Numb and enhancing activation of Notch-signaling. Dev Biol 2011;351:186-198.
    • (2011) Dev Biol , vol.351 , pp. 186-198
    • Bhat, K.M.1    Gaziova, I.2    Katipalla, S.3
  • 28
    • 24144490682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support for the immortal strand hypothesis: Neural stem cells partition DNA asymmetrically in vitro
    • Karpowicz P, Morshead C, Kam A et al. Support for the immortal strand hypothesis: Neural stem cells partition DNA asymmetrically in vitro. J Cell Biol 2005;170:721-732.
    • (2005) J Cell Biol , vol.170 , pp. 721-732
    • Karpowicz, P.1    Morshead, C.2    Kam, A.3
  • 30
    • 0031879531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architecture and cell types of the adult subventricular zone: In search of the stem cells
    • García-Verdugo JM, Doetsch F, Wichterle H et al. Architecture and cell types of the adult subventricular zone: In search of the stem cells. J Neurobiol 1998;36:234-248.
    • (1998) J Neurobiol , vol.36 , pp. 234-248
    • García-Verdugo, J.M.1    Doetsch, F.2    Wichterle, H.3
  • 31
    • 33846640175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adult neural stem cell niche: Lessons for future neural cell replacement strategies
    • ix
    • Lim DA, Huang YC, Alvarez-Buylla A. The adult neural stem cell niche: Lessons for future neural cell replacement strategies. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2007;18:81-92, ix.
    • (2007) Neurosurg Clin N Am , vol.18 , pp. 81-92
    • Lim, D.A.1    Huang, Y.C.2    Alvarez-Buylla, A.3
  • 32
    • 75749146169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of quiescent and active adult stem cells in mammals
    • Li L, Clevers H. Coexistence of quiescent and active adult stem cells in mammals. Science 2010;327:542-545.
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 542-545
    • Li, L.1    Clevers, H.2
  • 33
    • 66149171487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous Wnt signaling maintains neural progenitor cell potency
    • Wexler EM, Paucer A, Kornblum HI et al. Endogenous Wnt signaling maintains neural progenitor cell potency. STEM CELLS 2009;27: 1130-1141.
    • (2009) STEM CELLS , vol.27 , pp. 1130-1141
    • Wexler, E.M.1    Paucer, A.2    Kornblum, H.I.3
  • 34
    • 77957654497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling through BMPR-IA regulates quiescence and long-term activity of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus
    • Mira H, Andreu Z, Suh H et al. Signaling through BMPR-IA regulates quiescence and long-term activity of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. Cell Stem Cell 2010;7:78-89.
    • (2010) Cell Stem Cell , vol.7 , pp. 78-89
    • Mira, H.1    Andreu, Z.2    Suh, H.3
  • 35
    • 0035479835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New aspects of Wnt signaling pathways in higher vertebrates
    • Huelsken J, Birchmeier W. New aspects of Wnt signaling pathways in higher vertebrates. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2001;11:547-553.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.11 , pp. 547-553
    • Huelsken, J.1    Birchmeier, W.2
  • 36
    • 75549087261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging roles of Wnts in the adult nervous system
    • Inestrosa NC, Arenas E. Emerging roles of Wnts in the adult nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010;11:77-86.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 77-86
    • Inestrosa, N.C.1    Arenas, E.2
  • 37
    • 36248932103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-catenin signaling promotes proliferation of progenitor cells in the adult mouse subventricular zone
    • Adachi K, Mirzadeh Z, Sakaguchi M et al. Beta-catenin signaling promotes proliferation of progenitor cells in the adult mouse subventricular zone. STEM CELLS 2007;25:2827-2836.
    • (2007) STEM CELLS , vol.25 , pp. 2827-2836
    • Adachi, K.1    Mirzadeh, Z.2    Sakaguchi, M.3
  • 38
    • 3242889925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway directs neuronal differentiation of cortical neural precursor cells
    • Hirabayashi Y, Itoh Y, Tabata H et al. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway directs neuronal differentiation of cortical neural precursor cells. Development 2004;131:2791-2801.
    • (2004) Development , vol.131 , pp. 2791-2801
    • Hirabayashi, Y.1    Itoh, Y.2    Tabata, H.3
  • 39
    • 0030273439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic proteins promote astroglial lineage commitment by mammalian subventricular zone progenitor cells
    • Gross RE, Mehler MF, Mabie PC et al. Bone morphogenetic proteins promote astroglial lineage commitment by mammalian subventricular zone progenitor cells. Neuron 1996;17:595-606.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.17 , pp. 595-606
    • Gross, R.E.1    Mehler, M.F.2    Mabie, P.C.3
  • 40
    • 0034517812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noggin antagonizes BMP signaling to create a niche for adult neurogenesis
    • Lim DA, Tramontin AD, Trevejo JM et al. Noggin antagonizes BMP signaling to create a niche for adult neurogenesis. Neuron 2000;28: 713-726.
    • (2000) Neuron , vol.28 , pp. 713-726
    • Lim, D.A.1    Tramontin, A.D.2    Trevejo, J.M.3
  • 41
    • 28644440157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic protein signalling and vertebrate nervous system development
    • Liu A, Niswander LA. Bone morphogenetic protein signalling and vertebrate nervous system development. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005; 6:945-954.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 945-954
    • Liu, A.1    Niswander, L.A.2
  • 42
    • 33845610993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit the tumorigenic potential of human brain tumourinitiating cells
    • Piccirillo SG, Reynolds BA, Zanetti N et al. Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit the tumorigenic potential of human brain tumourinitiating cells. Nature 2006;444:761-765.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 761-765
    • Piccirillo, S.G.1    Reynolds, B.A.2    Zanetti, N.3
  • 43
    • 77956926560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notch and EGFR pathway interaction regulates neural stem cell number and self-renewal
    • Aguirre A, Rubio ME, Gallo V. Notch and EGFR pathway interaction regulates neural stem cell number and self-renewal. Nature 2010;467:323-327.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , pp. 323-327
    • Aguirre, A.1    Rubio, M.E.2    Gallo, V.3
  • 44
    • 33644635913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notch signaling is required to maintain all neural stem cell populations: Irrespective of spatial or temporal niche
    • Alexson TO, Hitoshi S, Coles BL et al. Notch signaling is required to maintain all neural stem cell populations: Irrespective of spatial or temporal niche. Dev Neurosci 2006;28:34-48.
    • (2006) Dev Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 34-48
    • Alexson, T.O.1    Hitoshi, S.2    Coles, B.L.3
  • 45
    • 77956241246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult SVZ lineage cells home to and leave the vascular niche via differential responses to SDF1/ CXCR4 signaling
    • Kokovay E, Goderie S, Wang Y et al. Adult SVZ lineage cells home to and leave the vascular niche via differential responses to SDF1/ CXCR4 signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2010;7:163-173.
    • (2010) Cell Stem Cell , vol.7 , pp. 163-173
    • Kokovay, E.1    Goderie, S.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 46
    • 33344455016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pigment epithelium-derived factor is a niche signal for neural stem cell renewal
    • Ramírez-Castillejo C, Sanchez-Sanchez F, Andreu-Agullo C et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor is a niche signal for neural stem cell renewal. Nat Neurosci 2006;9:331-339.
    • (2006) Nat Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 331-339
    • Ramírez-Castillejo, C.1    Sanchez-Sanchez, F.2    Andreu-Agullo, C.3
  • 47
    • 65549112127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous prospective purification of adult subventricular zone neural stem cells and their progeny
    • Pastrana E, Cheng LC, Doetsch F. Simultaneous prospective purification of adult subventricular zone neural stem cells and their progeny. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106: 6387-6392.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 6387-6392
    • Pastrana, E.1    Cheng, L.C.2    Doetsch, F.3
  • 48
    • 0037071892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated interaction of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the adult songbird brain
    • Louissaint A, Jr., Rao S, Leventhal C et al. Coordinated interaction of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the adult songbird brain. Neuron 2002;34:945-960.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.34 , pp. 945-960
    • Louissaint Jr., A.1    Rao, S.2    Leventhal, C.3
  • 49
    • 0027538182 scopus 로고
    • Proliferation, differentiation, and long-term culture of primary hippocampal neurons
    • Ray J, Peterson DA, Schinstine M et al. Proliferation, differentiation, and long-term culture of primary hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:3602-3606.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 3602-3606
    • Ray, J.1    Peterson, D.A.2    Schinstine, M.3
  • 50
    • 83055186465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD133 and CD44 are universally overexpressed in GIST and do not represent cancer stem cell markers
    • Chen J, Guo T, Zhang L et al. CD133 and CD44 are universally overexpressed in GIST and do not represent cancer stem cell markers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012;51:186-195.
    • (2012) Genes Chromosomes Cancer , vol.51 , pp. 186-195
    • Chen, J.1    Guo, T.2    Zhang, L.3
  • 51
    • 65549120442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD133 (Prominin) negative human neural stem cells are clonogenic and tripotent
    • Sun Y, Kong W, Falk A et al. CD133 (Prominin) negative human neural stem cells are clonogenic and tripotent. PLoS One 2009;4: e5498.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Sun, Y.1    Kong, W.2    Falk, A.3
  • 52
    • 82255175072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons from common markers of tumor-initiating cells in solid cancers
    • Gires O. Lessons from common markers of tumor-initiating cells in solid cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011;68:4009-4022.
    • (2011) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.68 , pp. 4009-4022
    • Gires, O.1
  • 53
    • 78449298442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer stem cells in the central nervous system: A critical review
    • Prestegarden L, Enger PO. Cancer stem cells in the central nervous system: A critical review. Cancer Res 2010;70:8255-8258.
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 8255-8258
    • Prestegarden, L.1    Enger, P.O.2
  • 54
    • 80055118225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and expansion of the adult mouse neural stem cells using the neurosphere assay
    • Azari H, Rahman M, Sharififar S et al. Isolation and expansion of the adult mouse neural stem cells using the neurosphere assay. J Vis Exp 2010;(45):23-93.
    • (2010) J Vis Exp , Issue.45 , pp. 23-93
    • Azari, H.1    Rahman, M.2    Sharififar, S.3
  • 55
    • 0032994516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and cloning of multipotential stem cells from the embryonic human CNS and establishment of transplantable human neural stem cell lines by epigenetic stimulation
    • Vescovi AL, Parati EA, Gritti A et al. Isolation and cloning of multipotential stem cells from the embryonic human CNS and establishment of transplantable human neural stem cell lines by epigenetic stimulation. Exp Neurol 1999;156:71-83.
    • (1999) Exp Neurol , vol.156 , pp. 71-83
    • Vescovi, A.L.1    Parati, E.A.2    Gritti, A.3
  • 56
    • 18244382560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural stem cells and neurospheres: Re-evaluating the relationship
    • Reynolds BA, Rietze RL. Neural stem cells and neurospheres: Re-evaluating the relationship. Nat Methods 2005;2:333-336.
    • (2005) Nat Methods , vol.2 , pp. 333-336
    • Reynolds, B.A.1    Rietze, R.L.2
  • 58
    • 58649097520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The culture of neural stem cells
    • Ahmed, S. The culture of neural stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2009;106:1-6.
    • (2009) J Cell Biochem , vol.106 , pp. 1-6
    • Ahmed, S.1
  • 59
    • 67849122744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying and enumerating neural stem cells: Application to aging and cancer
    • Deleyrolle LP, Reynolds BA. Identifying and enumerating neural stem cells: Application to aging and cancer. Prog Brain Res 2009; 175:43-51.
    • (2009) Prog Brain Res , vol.175 , pp. 43-51
    • Deleyrolle, L.P.1    Reynolds, B.A.2
  • 60
    • 68649106389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell treatment of ischemic brain injury
    • Miljan EA, Sinden JD. Stem cell treatment of ischemic brain injury. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2009;11:394-403.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Mol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 394-403
    • Miljan, E.A.1    Sinden, J.D.2
  • 61
    • 68649120817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural stem cell line CTX0E03 promotes behavioral recovery and endogenous neurogenesis after experimental stroke in a dose-dependent fashion
    • Stroemer P, Patel S, Hope A et al. The neural stem cell line CTX0E03 promotes behavioral recovery and endogenous neurogenesis after experimental stroke in a dose-dependent fashion. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009;23: 895-909.
    • (2009) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.23 , pp. 895-909
    • Stroemer, P.1    Patel, S.2    Hope, A.3
  • 62
    • 0024346191 scopus 로고
    • Division and differentiation of isolated CNS blast cells in microculture
    • Temple S. Division and differentiation of isolated CNS blast cells in microculture. Nature 1989;340:471-473.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.340 , pp. 471-473
    • Temple, S.1
  • 63
    • 79952006435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The performance of laminin-containing cryogel scaffolds in neural tissue regeneration
    • Jurga M, Dainiak MB, Sarnowska A et al. The performance of laminin-containing cryogel scaffolds in neural tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2011;32:3423-3434.
    • (2011) Biomaterials , vol.32 , pp. 3423-3434
    • Jurga, M.1    Dainiak, M.B.2    Sarnowska, A.3
  • 64
    • 78149295140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of 3D-scaffold formation on differentiation and survival in human neural progenitor cells
    • Ortinau S, Schmich J, Block S et al. Effect of 3D-scaffold formation on differentiation and survival in human neural progenitor cells. Biomed Eng Online 2010;9:70.
    • (2010) Biomed Eng Online , vol.9 , pp. 70
    • Ortinau, S.1    Schmich, J.2    Block, S.3
  • 65
    • 0042744755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic cortical stem cells secrete diffusible factors to enhance their survival
    • Chang MY, Park CH, Lee SH. Embryonic cortical stem cells secrete diffusible factors to enhance their survival. Neuroreport 2003;14: 1191-1195.
    • (2003) Neuroreport , vol.14 , pp. 1191-1195
    • Chang, M.Y.1    Park, C.H.2    Lee, S.H.3
  • 66
    • 0034614637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hallmarks of cancer
    • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000;100:57-70.
    • (2000) Cell , vol.100 , pp. 57-70
    • Hanahan, D.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 67
    • 62849086607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autocrine factors sustain glioblastoma stem cell self-renewal
    • Li G, Chen Z, Hu YD et al. Autocrine factors sustain glioblastoma stem cell self-renewal. Oncol Rep 2009;21:419-424.
    • (2009) Oncol Rep , vol.21 , pp. 419-424
    • Li, G.1    Chen, Z.2    Hu, Y.D.3
  • 68
    • 0033635021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGF-2-responsive neural stem cell proliferation re-quires CCg, a novel autocrine/paracrine cofactor
    • Taupin P, Ray J, Fischer WH et al. FGF-2-responsive neural stem cell proliferation re-quires CCg, a novel autocrine/paracrine cofactor. Neuron 2000;28:385-397.
    • (2000) Neuron , vol.28 , pp. 385-397
    • Taupin, P.1    Ray, J.2    Fischer, W.H.3
  • 69
    • 0032491416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts
    • Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS et al. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 1998;282:1145-1147.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 1145-1147
    • Thomson, J.A.1    Itskovitz-Eldor, J.2    Shapiro, S.S.3
  • 70
    • 34547102737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells via an obligated primitive anterior stage
    • Pankratz MT, Li XJ, Lavaute TM et al. Directed neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells via an obligated primitive anterior stage. STEM CELLS 2007;25:1511-1520.
    • (2007) STEM CELLS , vol.25 , pp. 1511-1520
    • Pankratz, M.T.1    Li, X.J.2    Lavaute, T.M.3
  • 71
    • 23644455006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells in the presence of noggin
    • Itsykson P, Ilouz N, Turetsky T et al. Derivation of neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells in the presence of noggin. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005;30:24-36.
    • (2005) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 24-36
    • Itsykson, P.1    Ilouz, N.2    Turetsky, T.3
  • 72
    • 47749108736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to regional specific neural precursors in chemically defined medium conditions
    • Erceg S, Lainez S, Ronaghi M et al. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to regional specific neural precursors in chemically defined medium conditions. PLoS One 2008;3: e2122.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3
    • Erceg, S.1    Lainez, S.2    Ronaghi, M.3
  • 73
    • 1442354188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique astrocyte ribbon in adult human brain contains neural stem cells but lacks chain migration
    • Sanai N, Tramontin AD, Quinones-Hinojosa A et al. Unique astrocyte ribbon in adult human brain contains neural stem cells but lacks chain migration. Nature 2004;427:740-744.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.427 , pp. 740-744
    • Sanai, N.1    Tramontin, A.D.2    Quinones-Hinojosa, A.3
  • 74
    • 0030273384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal progenitors as tools for cell replacement in the nervous system
    • Brüstle O, McKay RD. Neuronal progenitors as tools for cell replacement in the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1996;6:688-695.
    • (1996) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.6 , pp. 688-695
    • Brüstle, O.1    McKay, R.D.2
  • 75
    • 0027586699 scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology: Better cells for brain repair
    • Björklund A. Neurobiology: Better cells for brain repair. Nature 1993;362:414-415.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 414-415
    • Björklund, A.1
  • 76
    • 0030041034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal nigral transplantation as a therapy for Parkinson's disease
    • Olanow CW, Kordower JH, Freeman TB. Fetal nigral transplantation as a therapy for Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci 1996;19: 102-109.
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 102-109
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Kordower, J.H.2    Freeman, T.B.3
  • 77
    • 0030079438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological relevance and functional potential of central nervous system-derived cell lines
    • Whittemore SR, Snyder EY. Physiological relevance and functional potential of central nervous system-derived cell lines. Mol Neurobiol 1996;12:13-38.
    • (1996) Mol Neurobiol , vol.12 , pp. 13-38
    • Whittemore, S.R.1    Snyder, E.Y.2
  • 78
    • 16944366484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histological evidence of fetal pig neural cell survival after transplantation into a patient with Parkinson's disease
    • Deacon T, Schumacher J, Dinsmore J et al. Histological evidence of fetal pig neural cell survival after transplantation into a patient with Parkinson's disease. Nat Med 1997;3: 350-353.
    • (1997) Nat Med , vol.3 , pp. 350-353
    • Deacon, T.1    Schumacher, J.2    Dinsmore, J.3
  • 79
    • 17344392886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic cell cloned transgenic bovine neurons for transplantation in parkinsonian rats
    • Zawada WM, Cibelli JB, Choi PK et al. Somatic cell cloned transgenic bovine neurons for transplantation in parkinsonian rats. Nat Med 1998;4:569-574.
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , pp. 569-574
    • Zawada, W.M.1    Cibelli, J.B.2    Choi, P.K.3
  • 80
    • 0024263047 scopus 로고
    • Grafting genetically modified cells to the damaged brain: Restorative effects of NGF expression
    • Rosenberg MB, Friedmann T, Robertson RC et al. Grafting genetically modified cells to the damaged brain: Restorative effects of NGF expression. Science 1988;242:1575-1578.
    • (1988) Science , vol.242 , pp. 1575-1578
    • Rosenberg, M.B.1    Friedmann, T.2    Robertson, R.C.3
  • 81
    • 68749110887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanog is the gateway to the pluripotent ground state
    • Silva J, Nichols J, Theunissen TW et al. Nanog is the gateway to the pluripotent ground state. Cell 2009;138:722-737.
    • (2009) Cell , vol.138 , pp. 722-737
    • Silva, J.1    Nichols, J.2    Theunissen, T.W.3
  • 82
    • 36248966518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors
    • Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 2007;131:861-872.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.131 , pp. 861-872
    • Takahashi, K.1    Tanabe, K.2    Ohnuki, M.3
  • 83
    • 50149098605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons
    • Dimos JT, Rodolfa KT, Niakan KK et al. Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons. Science 2008;321:1218-1221.
    • (2008) Science , vol.321 , pp. 1218-1221
    • Dimos, J.T.1    Rodolfa, K.T.2    Niakan, K.K.3
  • 84
    • 27744438009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancer-specified GFP-based FACS purification of human spinal motor neurons from embryonic stem cells
    • Singh Roy N, Nakano T, Xuing L et al. Enhancer-specified GFP-based FACS purification of human spinal motor neurons from embryonic stem cells. Exp Neurol 2005;196:224-234.
    • (2005) Exp Neurol , vol.196 , pp. 224-234
    • Singh, R.N.1    Nakano, T.2    Xuing, L.3
  • 85
    • 79952536226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient human iPS cell derivation by a non-integrating plasmid from blood cells with unique epigenetic and gene expression signatures
    • Chou BK, Mali P, Huang X et al. Efficient human iPS cell derivation by a non-integrating plasmid from blood cells with unique epigenetic and gene expression signatures. Cell Res 2011;21:518-529.
    • (2011) Cell Res , vol.21 , pp. 518-529
    • Chou, B.K.1    Mali, P.2    Huang, X.3
  • 86
    • 78149467339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human motor neuron generation from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells
    • Nizzardo M, Simone C, Falcone M et al. Human motor neuron generation from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010;67:3837-3847.
    • (2010) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.67 , pp. 3837-3847
    • Nizzardo, M.1    Simone, C.2    Falcone, M.3
  • 87
    • 55849117368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells without viral vectors
    • Okita K, Nakagawa M, Hyenjong H et al. Generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells without viral vectors. Science 2008; 322:949-953.
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 949-953
    • Okita, K.1    Nakagawa, M.2    Hyenjong, H.3
  • 88
    • 66049135249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteins
    • Zhou H, Wu S, Joo JY et al. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteins. Cell Stem Cell 2009;4:381-384.
    • (2009) Cell Stem Cell , vol.4 , pp. 381-384
    • Zhou, H.1    Wu, S.2    Joo, J.Y.3
  • 89
    • 64749083939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PiggyBac transposition reprograms fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells
    • Woltjen K, Michael IP, Mohseni P et al. PiggyBac transposition reprograms fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2009;458:766-770.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.458 , pp. 766-770
    • Woltjen, K.1    Michael, I.P.2    Mohseni, P.3
  • 90
    • 75749138167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging applications of riboswitches in chemical biology
    • Topp S, Gallivan JP. Emerging applications of riboswitches in chemical biology. ACS Chem Biol 2010;5:139-148.
    • (2010) ACS Chem Biol , vol.5 , pp. 139-148
    • Topp, S.1    Gallivan, J.P.2
  • 91
    • 84863229606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low incidence of DNA sequence variation in human induced pluripotent stem cells generated by nonintegrating plasmid expression
    • Cheng L, Hansen NF, Zhao L et al. Low incidence of DNA sequence variation in human induced pluripotent stem cells generated by nonintegrating plasmid expression. Cell Stem Cell 2012;10:337-344.
    • (2012) Cell Stem Cell , vol.10 , pp. 337-344
    • Cheng, L.1    Hansen, N.F.2    Zhao, L.3
  • 92
    • 84857136772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts to self-renewing, tripotent neural precursor cells
    • Lujan E, Chanda S, Ahlenius H et al. Direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts to self-renewing, tripotent neural precursor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:2527-2532.
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.109 , pp. 2527-2532
    • Lujan, E.1    Chanda, S.2    Ahlenius, H.3
  • 93
    • 80054726357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct lineage conversions: Unnatural but useful?
    • Vierbuchen T, Wernig M. Direct lineage conversions: Unnatural but useful? Nat Biotechnol 2011;29:892-907.
    • (2011) Nat Biotechnol , vol.29 , pp. 892-907
    • Vierbuchen, T.1    Wernig, M.2
  • 94
    • 0031771599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engraft-able human neural stem cells respond to developmental cues, replace neurons, and express foreign genes
    • Flax JD, Aurora S, Yang C et al. Engraft-able human neural stem cells respond to developmental cues, replace neurons, and express foreign genes. Nat Biotechnol 1998;16:1033-1039.
    • (1998) Nat Biotechnol , vol.16 , pp. 1033-1039
    • Flax, J.D.1    Aurora, S.2    Yang, C.3
  • 95
    • 0031006419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bipotent progenitor cell lines from the human CNS
    • Sah DW, Ray J, Gage FH. Bipotent progenitor cell lines from the human CNS. Nat Biotechnol 1997;15:574-580.
    • (1997) Nat Biotechnol , vol.15 , pp. 574-580
    • Sah, D.W.1    Ray, J.2    Gage, F.H.3
  • 96
    • 0034008662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment and properties of a growth factor-dependent, perpetual neural stem cell line from the human CNS
    • Villa A, Snyder EY, Vescovi A et al. Establishment and properties of a growth factor-dependent, perpetual neural stem cell line from the human CNS. Exp Neurol 2000;161:67-84.
    • (2000) Exp Neurol , vol.161 , pp. 67-84
    • Villa, A.1    Snyder, E.Y.2    Vescovi, A.3
  • 97
    • 53749098721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immortalization of human neural stem cells with the c-myc mutant T58A
    • De Filippis L, D Ferrari, Nodari Rota L et al. Immortalization of human neural stem cells with the c-myc mutant T58A. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3310.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3
    • De Filippis, L.1    Ferrari, D.2    Nodari, R.L.3
  • 98
    • 34748919514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel, immortal, and multipotent human neural stem cell line generating functional neurons and oligodendrocytes
    • De Filippis L, Lamorte G, Snyder EY et al. A novel, immortal, and multipotent human neural stem cell line generating functional neurons and oligodendrocytes. STEM CELLS 2007;25: 2312-2321.
    • (2007) STEM CELLS , vol.25 , pp. 2312-2321
    • de Filippis, L.1    Lamorte, G.2    Snyder, E.Y.3
  • 99
    • 0030838238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immortalized neural progenitor cells for CNS gene transfer and repair
    • Martínez-Serrano A, Bjorklund A. Immortalized neural progenitor cells for CNS gene transfer and repair. Trends Neurosci 1997;20:530-538.
    • (1997) Trends Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 530-538
    • Martínez-Serrano, A.1    Bjorklund, A.2
  • 100
    • 79955670037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term survival of human neural stem cells in the ischemic rat brain upon transient immunosuppression
    • Rota Nodari L, Ferrari D, Giani F et al. Long-term survival of human neural stem cells in the ischemic rat brain upon transient immunosuppression. PLoS One 2010;5:e14035.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Rota, N.L.1    Ferrari, D.2    Giani, F.3
  • 101
    • 79953181303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-renewal induced efficiently, safely, and effective therapeutically with one regulatable gene in a human somatic progenitor cell
    • Kim KS, Lee HJ, Jeong HS et al. Self-renewal induced efficiently, safely, and effective therapeutically with one regulatable gene in a human somatic progenitor cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108:4876-4881.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , pp. 4876-4881
    • Kim, K.S.1    Lee, H.J.2    Jeong, H.S.3
  • 102
    • 33646045010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells and cancer: Two faces of Eve
    • Clarke MF, Fuller M. Stem cells and cancer: Two faces of Eve. Cell 2006;124:1111-1115.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.124 , pp. 1111-1115
    • Clarke, M.F.1    Fuller, M.2
  • 103
    • 2942691389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy
    • Sell S. Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2004;51:1-28.
    • (2004) Crit Rev Oncol Hematol , vol.51 , pp. 1-28
    • Sell, S.1
  • 105
    • 0030789242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell
    • Bonnet D, Dick JE. Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med 1997;3:730-737.
    • (1997) Nat Med , vol.3 , pp. 730-737
    • Bonnet, D.1    Dick, J.E.2
  • 106
    • 0028091194 scopus 로고
    • A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice
    • Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J et al. A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice. Nature 1994;367:645-648.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 645-648
    • Lapidot, T.1    Sirard, C.2    Vormoor, J.3
  • 107
    • 0037388204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells
    • Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A et al. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:3983-3988.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 3983-3988
    • Al-Hajj, M.1    Wicha, M.S.2    Benito-Hernandez, A.3
  • 108
    • 0033040497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain
    • Doetsch F, Caille I, Lim DA et al. Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Cell 1999;97:703-716.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.97 , pp. 703-716
    • Doetsch, F.1    Caille, I.2    Lim, D.A.3
  • 109
    • 0032217155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling mutations in the G1 arrest pathway in human gliomas: Overexpression of CDK4 but not loss of INK4a-ARF induces hyperploidy in cultured mouse astrocytes
    • Holland EC, Hively WP, Gallo V et al. Modeling mutations in the G1 arrest pathway in human gliomas: Overexpression of CDK4 but not loss of INK4a-ARF induces hyperploidy in cultured mouse astrocytes. Genes Dev 1998; 12:3644-3649.
    • (1998) Genes Dev , vol.12 , pp. 3644-3649
    • Holland, E.C.1    Hively, W.P.2    Gallo, V.3
  • 110
    • 21744462604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer biology: Summing up cancer stem cells
    • Huntly BJ, Gilliland DG. Cancer biology: Summing up cancer stem cells. Nature 2005; 435:1169-1170.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.435 , pp. 1169-1170
    • Huntly, B.J.1    Gilliland, D.G.2
  • 111
    • 4944250781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma
    • Galli R, Binda E, Orfanelli U et al. Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2004;64:7011-7021.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7011-7021
    • Galli, R.1    Binda, E.2    Orfanelli, U.3
  • 112
    • 0036737914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human cortical glial tumors contain neural stem-like cells expressing astroglial and neuronal markers in vitro
    • Ignatova TN, Kukekov VG, Laywell ED et al. Human cortical glial tumors contain neural stem-like cells expressing astroglial and neuronal markers in vitro. Glia 2002;39:193-206.
    • (2002) Glia , vol.39 , pp. 193-206
    • Ignatova, T.N.1    Kukekov, V.G.2    Laywell, E.D.3
  • 113
    • 0141842674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors
    • Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M et al. Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res 2003;63:5821-5828.
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 5821-5828
    • Singh, S.K.1    Clarke, I.D.2    Terasaki, M.3
  • 114
    • 33646358694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor stem cells derived from glioblastomas cultured in bFGF and EGF more closely mirror the phenotype and genotype of primary tumors than do serum-cultured cell lines
    • Lee J, Kotliarova S, Kotliarov Y et al. Tumor stem cells derived from glioblastomas cultured in bFGF and EGF more closely mirror the phenotype and genotype of primary tumors than do serum-cultured cell lines. Cancer Cell 2006;9:391-403.
    • (2006) Cancer Cell , vol.9 , pp. 391-403
    • Lee, J.1    Kotliarova, S.2    Kotliarov, Y.3
  • 115
    • 9244241576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells
    • Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID et al. Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature 2004;432:396-401.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 396-401
    • Singh, S.K.1    Hawkins, C.2    Clarke, I.D.3
  • 116
    • 33745778950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial progenitors in adult white matter are driven to form malignant gliomas by platelet-derived growth factor-expressing retroviruses
    • Assanah M, Lochhead R, Ogden A et al. Glial progenitors in adult white matter are driven to form malignant gliomas by platelet-derived growth factor-expressing retroviruses. J Neurosci 2006;26:6781-6790.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 6781-6790
    • Assanah, M.1    Lochhead, R.2    Ogden, A.3
  • 117
    • 0037088913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 results in selective increase of transit-amplifying cells for adult neurogenesis
    • Doetsch F, Verdugo JM, Caille I et al. Lack of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 results in selective increase of transit-amplifying cells for adult neurogenesis. J Neurosci 2002;22: 2255-2264.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 2255-2264
    • Doetsch, F.1    Verdugo, J.M.2    Caille, I.3
  • 118
    • 0034622930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligodendrocyte pre-cursor cells reprogrammed to become multi-potential CNS stem cells
    • Kondo T, Raff M. Oligodendrocyte pre-cursor cells reprogrammed to become multi-potential CNS stem cells. Science 2000;289: 1754-1757.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 1754-1757
    • Kondo, T.1    Raff, M.2
  • 119
    • 1242295301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for Noggin in the development of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
    • Kondo T, Raff MC. A role for Noggin in the development of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Dev Biol 2004;267:242-251.
    • (2004) Dev Biol , vol.267 , pp. 242-251
    • Kondo, T.1    Raff, M.C.2
  • 120
  • 121
    • 34848899578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy and cancer stem cells
    • Rich JN, Bao S. Chemotherapy and cancer stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2007;1:353-355.
    • (2007) Cell Stem Cell , vol.1 , pp. 353-355
    • Rich, J.N.1    Bao, S.2
  • 122
    • 48449107168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Even cancers want commitment: Lineage identity and medulloblastoma formation
    • Eberhart CG. Even cancers want commitment: Lineage identity and medulloblastoma formation. Cancer Cell 2008;14:105-107.
    • (2008) Cancer Cell , vol.14 , pp. 105-107
    • Eberhart, C.G.1
  • 123
    • 34547095240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous transformation of human adult nontumorigenic stem cells to cancer stem cells is driven by genomic instability in a human model of glioblastoma
    • Shiras A, Chettiar ST, Shepal V et al. Spontaneous transformation of human adult nontumorigenic stem cells to cancer stem cells is driven by genomic instability in a human model of glioblastoma. STEM CELLS 2007;25: 1478-1489.
    • (2007) STEM CELLS , vol.25 , pp. 1478-1489
    • Shiras, A.1    Chettiar, S.T.2    Shepal, V.3
  • 124
    • 15244350494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of microglial metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu2 triggers tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced neurotoxicity in concert with microglial-derived Fas ligand
    • Taylor DL, Jones F, Kubota ES et al. Stimulation of microglial metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu2 triggers tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced neurotoxicity in concert with microglial-derived Fas ligand. J Neurosci 2005; 25:2952-2964.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 2952-2964
    • Taylor, D.L.1    Jones, F.2    Kubota, E.S.3
  • 125
    • 78651073049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing the contribution of stem/ progenitor cells to tumorigenesis in the Pten-/-TP53-/-prostate cancer model
    • Abou-Kheir WG, Hynes PG, Martin PL et al. Characterizing the contribution of stem/ progenitor cells to tumorigenesis in the Pten-/-TP53-/-prostate cancer model. STEM CELLS 2010;28:2129-2140.
    • (2010) STEM CELLS , vol.28 , pp. 2129-2140
    • Abou-Kheir, W.G.1    Hynes, P.G.2    Martin, P.L.3
  • 126
    • 77950502115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hierarchy of self-renewing tumor-initiating cell types in glioblastoma
    • Chen R, Nishimura MC, Bumbaca SM et al. A hierarchy of self-renewing tumor-initiating cell types in glioblastoma. Cancer Cell 2010; 17:362-375.
    • (2010) Cancer Cell , vol.17 , pp. 362-375
    • Chen, R.1    Nishimura, M.C.2    Bumbaca, S.M.3
  • 127
    • 33847009559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedgehog signaling promotes medulloblastoma survival via Bc/II
    • Bar EE, Chaudhry A, Farah MH et al. Hedgehog signaling promotes medulloblastoma survival via Bc/II. Am J Pathol 2007;170: 347-355.
    • (2007) Am J Pathol , vol.170 , pp. 347-355
    • Bar, E.E.1    Chaudhry, A.2    Farah, M.H.3
  • 128
    • 0035499267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells
    • Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF et al. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature 2001;414:105-111.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 105-111
    • Reya, T.1    Morrison, S.J.2    Clarke, M.F.3
  • 129
    • 79551600015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting cancer stem cells by inhibiting Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways
    • Takebe N, Harris PJ, Warren RQ et al. Targeting cancer stem cells by inhibiting Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011;8:97-106.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Clin Oncol , vol.8 , pp. 97-106
    • Takebe, N.1    Harris, P.J.2    Warren, R.Q.3
  • 130
    • 33845612616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer: Stem cells and brain tumours
    • Dirks PB. Cancer: Stem cells and brain tumours. Nature 2006;444:687-688.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 687-688
    • Dirks, P.B.1
  • 131
    • 42649138891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ER71 acts downstream of BMP, Notch, and Wnt signaling in blood and vessel progenitor specification
    • Lee D, Park C, Lee H et al. ER71 acts downstream of BMP, Notch, and Wnt signaling in blood and vessel progenitor specification. Cell Stem Cell 2008;2:497-507.
    • (2008) Cell Stem Cell , vol.2 , pp. 497-507
    • Lee, D.1    Park, C.2    Lee, H.3
  • 132
    • 0034619328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural stem cells display extensive tropism for pathology in adult brain: Evidence from intra-cranial gliomas
    • Aboody KS, Brown A, Rainov NG et al. Neural stem cells display extensive tropism for pathology in adult brain: Evidence from intra-cranial gliomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:12846-12851.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 12846-12851
    • Aboody, K.S.1    Brown, A.2    Rainov, N.G.3
  • 133
    • 0034117480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene therapy of experimental brain tumors using neural progenitor cells
    • Benedetti S, Pirola B, Pollo B et al. Gene therapy of experimental brain tumors using neural progenitor cells. Nat Med 2000;6:447-450.
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , pp. 447-450
    • Benedetti, S.1    Pirola, B.2    Pollo, B.3
  • 134
    • 20144384863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glioblastoma-induced attraction of endogenous neural precursor cells is associated with improved survival
    • Glass R, Synowitz M, Kronenberg G et al. Glioblastoma-induced attraction of endogenous neural precursor cells is associated with improved survival. J Neurosci 2005;25:2637-2646.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 2637-2646
    • Glass, R.1    Synowitz, M.2    Kronenberg, G.3
  • 135
    • 43049088843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem and progenitor cell-mediated tumor selective gene therapy
    • Aboody KS, Najbauer J, Danks MK. Stem and progenitor cell-mediated tumor selective gene therapy. Gene Ther 2008;15:739-752.
    • (2008) Gene Ther , vol.15 , pp. 739-752
    • Aboody, K.S.1    Najbauer, J.2    Danks, M.K.3
  • 136
    • 67649114504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel treatment strategies for malignant gliomas using neural stem cells
    • Oh MC, Lim DA. Novel treatment strategies for malignant gliomas using neural stem cells. Neurotherapeutics 2009;6:458-464.
    • (2009) Neurotherapeutics , vol.6 , pp. 458-464
    • Oh, M.C.1    Lim, D.A.2
  • 137
    • 77956629118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells and the ALS neurologist
    • Maragakis NJ. Stem cells and the ALS neurologist. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2010;11: 417-423.
    • (2010) Amyotroph Lateral Scler , vol.11 , pp. 417-423
    • Maragakis, N.J.1
  • 138
    • 77951729962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regenerative medicine for neurological disorders
    • Park DH, Eve DJ, Chung YG et al. Regenerative medicine for neurological disorders. ScientificWorldJournal 2010;10:470-489.
    • (2010) ScientificWorldJournal , vol.10 , pp. 470-489
    • Park, D.H.1    Eve, D.J.2    Chung, Y.G.3
  • 139
    • 77956240156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translation of stem cell therapy for neurological diseases
    • Schwarz SC, Schwarz J. Translation of stem cell therapy for neurological diseases. Transl Res 2010;156:155-160.
    • (2010) Transl Res , vol.156 , pp. 155-160
    • Schwarz, S.C.1    Schwarz, J.2
  • 140
    • 79955955781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenesis, NSCs, pathogenesis and therapies for Alzheimer's disease
    • Taupin P. Neurogenesis, NSCs, pathogenesis and therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2011;3:178-190.
    • (2011) Front Biosci (Schol Ed) , vol.3 , pp. 178-190
    • Taupin, P.1
  • 141
    • 74949087489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells in human neurodegenerative disorders: Time for clinical translation?
    • Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Stem cells in human neurodegenerative disorders: Time for clinical translation? J Clin Invest 2010;120:29-40.
    • (2010) J Clin Invest , vol.120 , pp. 29-40
    • Lindvall, O.1    Kokaia, Z.2
  • 142
    • 3142521479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell therapy for human neurodegenerative disorders-how to make it work
    • Lindvall O, Kokaia Z, Martinez-Serrano A. Stem cell therapy for human neurodegenerative disorders-how to make it work. Nat Med 2004;10(suppl):S42-S50.
    • (2004) Nat Med , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Lindvall, O.1    Kokaia, Z.2    Martinez-Serrano, A.3
  • 143
    • 4143071470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplanted human fetal neural stem cells survive, migrate, and differentiate in ischemic rat cerebral cortex
    • Kelly S, Bliss TM, Shah AK et al. Transplanted human fetal neural stem cells survive, migrate, and differentiate in ischemic rat cerebral cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101: 11839-11844.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 11839-11844
    • Kelly, S.1    Bliss, T.M.2    Shah, A.K.3
  • 144
    • 62149089434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geron gets green light for human trial of ES cell-derived product
    • Alper J. Geron gets green light for human trial of ES cell-derived product. Nat Biotechnol 2009;27:213-214.
    • (2009) Nat Biotechnol , vol.27 , pp. 213-214
    • Alper, J.1
  • 145
    • 79551553440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical multilevel intraspinal stem cell therapy: Assessment of surgical risks in Gottingen minipigs
    • Raore B, Federici T, Taub J et al. Cervical multilevel intraspinal stem cell therapy: Assessment of surgical risks in Gottingen minipigs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011;36:E164-E171.
    • (2011) Spine (Phila Pa 1976) , vol.36
    • Raore, B.1    Federici, T.2    Taub, J.3
  • 146
    • 39049157397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of adult neural stem cells
    • Taupin P. Therapeutic potential of adult neural stem cells. Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov 2006;1:299-303.
    • (2006) Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov , vol.1 , pp. 299-303
    • Taupin, P.1
  • 147
    • 34247152396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult neural stem cells, neurogenic niches, and cellular therapy
    • Taupin P. Adult neural stem cells, neurogenic niches, and cellular therapy. Stem Cell Rev 2006;2:213-219.
    • (2006) Stem Cell Rev , vol.2 , pp. 213-219
    • Taupin, P.1
  • 148
    • 33645701362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HuCNS-SC (StemCells)
    • Taupin P. HuCNS-SC (StemCells). Curr Opin Mol Ther 2006;8:156-163.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Mol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 156-163
    • Taupin, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.