Neurogenesis and brain repair

Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 575-597

  Kiyota, Tomomi ^a  

^a NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Doublecortin; Epidermal growth factor; Fibroblast growth factor; Granule cell layer; Hippocampus; Nestin; NeuN; Neural progenitor cells; Neural stem cells; Neurogenic niches; Neurospheres; Radial glia; Rostral migratory stream; Subventricular zone

Indexed keywords

EID: 85045984599     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44022-4_37     Document Type: Chapter

References (237)

1. Ackman JB, Siddiqi F, Walikonis RS, LoTurco JJ (2006) Fusion of microglia with pyramidal neurons after retroviral infection. J Neurosci 26(44): 11413-11422. doi:26/44/11413 [pii] 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 3340-06. 2006
2. Alenina N, Klempin F (2015) The role of serotonin in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Behav Brain Res 277:49-57. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.038
3. Altman J (1969) Autoradiographic and histological studies of postnatal neurogenesis. IV. Cell proliferation and migration in the anterior forebrain, with special reference to persisting neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb. J Comp Neurol 137(4):433-457. doi:10.1002/cne.901370404
4. Altman J, Das GD (1965a) Autoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. J Comp Neurol 124(3):319-335
5. Altman J, Das GD (1965b) Post-natal origin of microneurones in the rat brain. Nature 207(5000):953-956
6. Altmann CR, Brivanlou AH (2001) Neural patterning in the vertebrate embryo. Int Rev Cytol 203:447-482
7. Alvarez-Buylla A, Lim DA (2004) For the long run: maintaining germinal niches in the adult brain. Neuron 41(5):683-686, doi:S0896627304001114 [pii]
8. Alvarez-Buylla A, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Tramontin AD (2001) A unified hypothesis on the lineage of neural stem cells. Nat Rev Neurosci 2(4):287-293. doi:10.1038/35067582,35067582 [pii]
9. Bakhtiary M, Marzban M, Mehdizadeh M, Joghataei MT, Khoei S, Tondar M, Mahabadi VP, Laribi B, Ebrahimi A, Hashemian SJ, Modiry N, Mehrabi S (2011) Combination of stem cell mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and human umbilical cord matrix stem cell: therapy of traumatic brain injury in rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 14(4):327-339
10. Barkas L, Redhead E, Taylor M, Shtaya A, Hamilton DA, Gray WP (2012) Fluoxetine restores spatial learning but not accelerated forgetting in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 135(Pt 8):2358-2374. doi:10.1093/brain/aws176, aws176 [pii]
11. Basak O, Taylor V (2009) Stem cells of the adult mammalian brain and their niche. Cell Mol Life Sci 66(6):1057-1072. doi:10.1007/s00018-008-8544-x
12. Becker CG, Artola A, Gerardy-Schahn R, Becker T, Welzl H, Schachner M (1996) The polysialic acid modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule is involved in spatial learning and hippocampal long-t erm potentiation. J Neurosci Res 45(2):143-152. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960715)45:2<143::AID-JNR6>3.0.CO;2-A [pii] 10. 1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960715)45:2<143::AID-JNR6>3. 0. CO;2-A
13. Becker M, Lavie V, Solomon B (2007) Stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis by anti-EFRH immunization in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(5):1691-1696. doi:10.1073/pnas. 0610180104,0610180104 [pii]
14. Bergmann O, Liebl J, Bernard S, Alkass K, Yeung MS, Steier P, Kutschera W, Johnson L, Landen M, Druid H, Spalding KL, Frisen J (2012) The age of olfactory bulb neurons in humans. Neuron 74(4):634-639. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.030, S0896-6273(12)00341-8 [pii]
15. Biber K, Neumann H, Inoue K, Boddeke HW (2007) Neuronal ‘On’ and ‘Off’ signals control microglia. Trends Neurosci 30(11):596-602. doi:10.1016/j. tins.2007.08.007, S0166-2236(07)00248-2 [pii]
16. Bisconte JC (1979) Kinetic analysis of cellular populations by means of the quantitative radioautography. Int Rev Cytol 57:75-126
17. Bjornsson CS, Apostolopoulou M, Tian Y, Temple S (2015) It takes a village: constructing the neurogenic niche. Dev Cell 32(4):435-446. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2015.01.010, S1534-5807(15)00033-7 [pii]
18. Blurton-Jones M, Kitazawa M, Martinez-Coria H, Castello NA, Muller FJ, Loring JF, Yamasaki TR, Poon WW, Green KN, LaFerla FM (2009) Neural stem cells improve cognition via BDNF in a transgenic model of Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(32):13594-13599. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901402106, 0901402106 [pii]
19. Bonaguidi MA, Wheeler MA, Shapiro JS, Stadel RP, Sun GJ, Ming GL, Song H (2011) In vivo clonal analysis reveals self-renewing and multipotent adult neural stem cell characteristics. Cell 145(7):1142-1155. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.05.024, S0092-8674(11)00585-X [pii]
20. Bonfanti L, Theodosis DT (1994) Expression of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule by proliferating cells in the subependymal layer of the adult rat, in its rostral extension and in the olfactory bulb. Neuroscience 62(1):291-305, doi:0306-4522(94)90333-6 [pii]
21. Braun SM, Jessberger S (2014) Adult neurogenesis and its role in neuropsychiatric disease, brain repair and normal brain function. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 40(1):3-12. doi:10.1111/nan.12107
22. Breunig JJ, Arellano JI, Macklis JD, Rakic P (2007) Everything that glitters isn’t gold: a critical review of postnatal neural precursor analyses. Cell Stem Cell 1(6):612-627. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2007.11.008, S1934-5909(07)00281-0 [pii]
23. Brill MS, Ninkovic J, Winpenny E, Hodge RD, Ozen I, Yang R, Lepier A, Gascon S, Erdelyi F, Szabo G, Parras C, Guillemot F, Frotscher M, Berninger B, Hevner RF, Raineteau O, Gotz M (2009) Adult generation of glutamatergic olfactory bulb interneurons. Nat Neurosci 12(12):1524-1533. doi:10.1038/nn.2416, nn.2416 [pii]
24. Broughton BR, Reutens DC, Sobey CG (2009) Apoptotic mechanisms after cerebral ischemia. Stroke 40(5):e331-e339. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.531632, STROKEAHA. 108. 531632 [pii]
25. Brown JP, Couillard-Despres S, Cooper-Kuhn CM, Winkler J, Aigner L, Kuhn HG (2003) Transient expression of doublecortin during adult neurogenesis. J Comp Neurol 467(1):1-10. doi:10.1002/cne.10874
26. Bruehl H, Rueger M, Dziobek I, Sweat V, Tirsi A, Javier E, Arentoft A, Wolf OT, Convit A (2007) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and memory impairments in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(7):2439-2445. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2540
27. Buhnemann C, Scholz A, Bernreuther C, Malik CY, Braun H, Schachner M, Reymann KG, Dihne M (2006) Neuronal differentiation of transplanted embryonic stem cell-derived precursors in stroke lesions of adult rats. Brain 129(Pt 12):3238-3248. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl261, awl261 [pii]
28. Butovsky O, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Kunis G, Ophir E, Landa G, Cohen H, Schwartz M (2006) Glatiramer acetate fights against Alzheimer’s disease by inducing dendritic-like microglia expressing insulin-like growth factor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(31):11784-11789. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604681103, 0604681103 [pii]
29. Cameron HA, McKay RD (2001) Adult neurogenesis produces a large pool of new granule cells in the dentate gyrus. J Comp Neurol 435(4):406-417
30. Campbell K, Gotz M (2002) Radial glia: multi-purpose cells for vertebrate brain development. Trends Neurosci 25(5):235-238, doi:S0166-2236(02)02156-2 [pii]
31. Carleton A, Petreanu LT, Lansford R, Alvarez-Buylla A, Lledo PM (2003) Becoming a new neuron in the adult olfactory bulb. Nat Neurosci 6(5):507-518. doi:10.1038/nn1048, nn1048 [pii]
32. Chang J, Phelan M, Cummings BJ (2015) A meta-analysis of efficacy in pre-clinical human stem cell therapies for traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. doi:S0014-4886(15)30081-9 [pii] 10. 1016/j. expneurol. 2015. 08. 020
33. Chen J, Zhang ZG, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Jiang H, Zhang C, Lu M, Katakowski M, Feldkamp CS, Chopp M (2003) Statins induce angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis after stroke. Ann Neurol 53(6):743-751. doi:10.1002/ana.10555
34. Chirumamilla S, Sun D, Bullock MR, Colello RJ (2002) Traumatic brain injury induced cell proliferation in the adult mammalian central nervous system. JNeurotrauma19(6):693-703. doi:10.1089/08977150260139084
35. Choi SH, Veeraraghavalu K, Lazarov O, Marler S, Ransohoff RM, Ramirez JM, Sisodia SS (2008) Non-cell-autonomous effects of presenilin 1 variants on enrichment-mediated hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Neuron 59(4):568-580. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.033, S0896-6273(08)00632-6 [pii]
36. Clark MJ, Gagnon J, Williams AF, Barclay AN (1985) MRC OX-2 antigen: a lymphoid/neuronal membrane glycoprotein with a structure like a single immunoglobulin light chain. EMBO J 4(1):113-118
37. Cohen M, Briscoe J, Blassberg R (2013) Morphogen interpretation: the transcriptional logic of neural tube patterning. Curr Opin Genet Dev 23(4):423-428. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2013.04.003, S0959-437X(13)00057-9 [pii]
38. Colas JF, Schoenwolf GC (2001) Towards a cellular and molecular understanding of neurulation. Dev Dyn 221(2): 117-145. doi:10.1002/dvdy.1144 [pii] 10. 1002/dvdy. 1144
39. Conover JC, Notti RQ (2008) The neural stem cell niche. Cell Tissue Res 331(1):211-224. doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0503-6
40. Copp AJ, Greene ND, Murdoch JN (2003) The genetic basis of mammalian neurulation. Nat Rev Genet 4(10):784-793. doi: 10.1038/nrg1181, nrg1181 [pii]
41. Couillard-Despres S, Winkler J, Uyanik G, Aigner L (2001) Molecular mechanisms of neuronal migration disorders, quo vadis? Curr Mol Med 1(6):677-688
42. Crews L, Adame A, Patrick C, Delaney A, Pham E, Rockenstein E, Hansen L, Masliah E (2010) Increased BMP6 levels in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients and APP transgenic mice are accompanied by impaired neurogenesis. J Neurosci 30(37): 12252-12262. doi:30/37/12252 [pii] 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 1305-10. 2010
43. Crupi R, Marino A, Cuzzocrea S (2013) n-3 fatty acids: role in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Curr Med Chem 20(24):2953-2963, doi:CMC-EPUB-20130531-7 [pii]
44. Cummings BJ, Uchida N, Tamaki SJ, Salazar DL, Hooshmand M, Summers R, Gage FH, Anderson AJ (2005) Human neural stem cells differentiate and promote locomotor recovery in spinal cord-injured mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(39): 14069-14074. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507063102, 0507063102 [pii]
45. Curtis MA, Kam M, Nannmark U, Anderson MF, Axell MZ, Wikkelso C, Holtas S, van Roon-Mom WM, Bjork-Eriksson T, Nordborg C, Frisen J, Dragunow M, Faull RL, Eriksson PS (2007) Human neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb via a lateral ventricular extension. Science 315(5816):1243-1249. doi:10.1126/science.1136281, 1136281 [pii]
46. Daadi MM, Maag AL, Steinberg GK (2008) Adherent self-renewable human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cell line: functional engraftment in experimental stroke model. PLoS One 3(2), e1644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001644
47. Daadi MM, Li Z, Arac A, Grueter BA, Sofilos M, Malenka RC, Wu JC, Steinberg GK (2009) Molecular and magnetic resonance imaging of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cell grafts in ischemic rat brain. Mol Ther 17(7):1282-1291. doi:10.1038/mt.2009.104, mt2009104 [pii]
48. Danzer SC (2012) Depression, stress, epilepsy and adult neurogenesis. Exp Neurol 233(1):22-32. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.05.023, S0014-4886(11)00220-2 [pii]
49. Darsalia V, Allison SJ, Cusulin C, Monni E, Kuzdas D, Kallur T, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z (2011) Cell number and timing of transplantation determine survival of human neural stem cell grafts in stroke-damaged rat brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 31(1):235-242. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.81, jcbfm201081 [pii]
50. Dash PK, Mach SA, Moore AN (2001) Enhanced neurogenesis in the rodent hippocampus following traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res 63(4):313-319. doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20010215)63:4<313::AID-JNR1025>3.0.CO;2-4 [pii]
51. Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Yang G, Kim JV, Zuo Y, Jung S, Littman DR, Dustin ML, Gan WB (2005) ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nat Neurosci 8(6):752-758. doi:10.1038/nn1472, nn1472 [pii]
52. Dayer AG, Ford AA, Cleaver KM, Yassaee M, Cameron HA (2003) Short-term and long-term survival of new neurons in the rat dentate gyrus. J Comp Neurol 460(4):563-572. doi:10.1002/cne.10675
53. De Carlos JA, O’Leary DD (1992) Growth and targeting of subplate axons and establishment of major cortical pathways. J Neurosci 12(4):1194-1211
54. del Rio JA, Martinez A, Fonseca M, Auladell C, Soriano E (1995) Glutamate-like immunoreactivity and fate of Cajal-Retzius cells in the murine cortex as identified with calretinin antibody. Cereb Cortex 5(1):13-21
55. Del Rio JA, Heimrich B, Borrell V, Forster E, Drakew A, Alcantara S, Nakajima K, Miyata T, Ogawa M, Mikoshiba K, Derer P, Frotscher M, Soriano E (1997) A role for Cajal-Retzius cells and reelin in the development of hippocampal connections. Nature 385(6611):70-74. doi:10.1038/385070a0
56. Derer P, Derer M (1990) Cajal-Retzius cell ontogenesis and death in mouse brain visualized with horseradish peroxidase and electron microscopy. Neuroscience 36(3):839-856, doi:0306-4522(90)90027-2 [pii]
57. des Portes V, Pinard JM, Billuart P, Vinet MC, Koulakoff A, Carrie A, Gelot A, Dupuis E, Motte J, Berwald-Netter Y, Catala M, Kahn A, Beldjord C, Chelly J (1998) A novel CNS gene required for neuronal migration and involved in X-linked subcortical laminar heterotopia and lissencephaly syndrome. Cell 92(1):51-61. doi:S0092-8674(00)80898-3 [pii]
58. Dessaud E, McMahon AP, Briscoe J (2008) Pattern formation in the vertebrate neural tube: a sonic hedgehog morphogen-regulated transcriptional network. Development 135(15):2489-2503. doi:135/15/2489 [pii] 10. 1242/dev. 009324
59. Doetsch F, Caille I, Lim DA, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A (1999) Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Cell 97(6):703-716, doi:S0092-8674(00)80783-7 [pii]
60. Drury-Stewart D, Song M, Mohamad O, Guo Y, Gu X, Chen D, Wei L (2013) Highly efficient differentiation of neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells and benefits of transplantation after ischemic stroke in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 4(4):93. doi: 10.1186/scrt292, scrt292 [pii]
61. Dunkerson J, Moritz KE, Young J, Pionk T, Fink K, Rossignol J, Dunbar G, Smith JS (2014) Combining enriched environment and induced pluripotent stem cell therapy results in improved cognitive and motor function following traumatic brain injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 32(5):675-687. doi:10.3233/RNN-140408,9433263611667555 [pii]
62. Duque A, Rakic P (2011) Different effects of bromodeoxyuridine and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA on cell proliferation, position, and fate. J Neurosci 31(42):15205-15217. doi:31/42/15205 [pii] 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 3092-11. 2011
63. Ehmann UK, Williams JR, Nagle WA, Brown JA, Belli JA, Lett JT (1975) Perturbations in cell cycle progression from radioactive DNA precursors. Nature 258(5536):633-636
64. El-Mir MY, Detaille D, G RV, Delgado-Esteban M, Guigas B, Attia S, Fontaine E, Almeida A, Leverve X (2008) Neuroprotective role of antidiabetic drug metformin against apoptotic cell death in primary cortical neurons. J Mol Neurosci 34(1):77-87. doi:10.1007/s12031-007-9002-1
65. Emery DL, Fulp CT, Saatman KE, Schutz C, Neugebauer E, McIntosh TK (2005) Newly born granule cells in the dentate gyrus rapidly extend axons into the hippocampal CA3 region following experimental brain injury. J Neurotrauma 22(9):978-988. doi: 10.1089/neu.2005.22.978
66. Emsley JG, Mitchell BD, Kempermann G, Macklis JD (2005) Adult neurogenesis and repair of the adult CNS with neural progenitors, precursors, and stem cells. Prog Neurobiol 75(5):321-341. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.04.002, S0301-0082(05)00033-X [pii]
67. Encinas JM, Michurina TV, Peunova N, Park JH, Tordo J, Peterson DA, Fishell G, Koulakov A, Enikolopov G (2011) Division-coupled astrocytic differentiation and age-related depletion of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. Cell Stem Cell 8(5):566-579. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2011.03.010, S1934-5909(11)00120-2 [pii]
68. Endl E, Gerdes J (2000) The Ki-67 protein: fascinating forms and an unknown function. Exp Cell Res 257(2):231-237. doi: 10. 1006/excr.2000.4888, S0014-4827(00)94888-2 [pii]
69. Ergul A, Alhusban A, Fagan SC (2012) Angiogenesis: a harmonized target for recovery after stroke. Stroke 43(8):2270-2274. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.642710, STROKEAHA. 111. 642710 [pii]
70. Eriksson PS, Perfilieva E, Bjork-Eriksson T, Alborn AM, Nordborg C, Peterson DA, Gage FH (1998) Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med 4(11):1313-1317. doi:10.1038/3305
71. Ermini FV, Grathwohl S, Radde R, Yamaguchi M, Staufenbiel M, Palmer TD, Jucker M (2008) Neurogenesis and alterations of neural stem cells in mouse models of cerebral amyloidosis. Am J Pathol 172(6):1520-1528. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2008.060520, S0002-9440(10)61912-8 [pii]
72. Everitt AV, Hilmer SN, Brand-Miller JC, Jamieson HA, Truswell AS, Sharma AP, Mason RS, Morris BJ, Le Couteur DG (2006) Dietary approaches that delay age-related diseases. Clin Interv Aging 1(1):11-31
73. Farr SA, Yamada KA, Butterfield DA, Abdul HM, Xu L, Miller NE, Banks WA, Morley JE (2008) Obesity and hypertriglyceridemia produce cognitive impairment. Endocrinology 149(5):2628-2636. doi:10.1210/en.2007-1722, en. 2007-1722 [pii]
74. Fiorentini A, Rosi MC, Grossi C, Luccarini I, Casamenti F (2010) Lithium improves hippocampal neurogenesis, neuropathology and cognitive functions in APP mutant mice. PLoS One 5(12), e14382. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014382
75. Florio M, Huttner WB (2014) Neural progenitors, neurogenesis and the evolution of the neocortex. Development 141(11):2182-2194. doi:141/11/2182 [pii] 10.1242/dev.090571
76. Fox GB, Fichera G, Barry T, O’Connell AW, Gallagher HC, Murphy KJ, Regan CM (2000) Consolidation of passive avoidance learning is associated with transient increases of polysialylated neurons in layer II of the rat medial temporal cortex. J Neurobiol 45(3):135- 141. doi:10.1002/1097-4695(20001115)45:3<135::AID-NEU1>3. 0. CO;2-# [pii]
77. Francis F, Koulakoff A, Boucher D, Chafey P, Schaar B, Vinet MC, Friocourt G, McDonnell N, Reiner O, Kahn A, McConnell SK, Berwald-Netter Y, Denoulet P, Chelly J (1999) Doublecortin is a developmentally regulated, microtubule-associated protein expressed in migrating and differentiating neurons. Neuron 23(2):247-256, doi: S0896-6273(00)80777-1 [pii]
78. Frautschy SA, Hu W, Kim P, Miller SA, Chu T, Harris-White ME, Cole GM (2001) Phenolic anti-inflammatory antioxidant reversal of Abeta-induced cognitive deficits and neuropathology. Neurobiol Aging 22(6):993-1005, doi:S0197458001003001 [pii]
79. Fuster-Matanzo A, Llorens-Martin M, Hernandez F, Avila J (2013) Role of neuroinflammation in adult neurogenesis and Alzheimer disease: therapeutic approaches. Mediators Inflamm 2013:260925. doi: 10.1155/2013/260925
80. Gage FH (2000) Mammalian neural stem cells. Science 287(5457):1433-1438, doi:8300 [pii]
81. Gage FH, Coates PW, Palmer TD, Kuhn HG, Fisher LJ, Suhonen JO, Peterson DA, Suhr ST, Ray J (1995) Survival and differentiation of adult neuronal progenitor cells transplanted to the adult brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(25):11879-11883
82. Gal JS, Morozov YM, Ayoub AE, Chatterjee M, Rakic P, Haydar TF (2006) Molecular and morphological heterogeneity of neural precursors in the mouse neocortical proliferative zones. J Neurosci 26(3): 1045-1056. doi:26/3/1045 [pii] 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 4499-05. 2006
83. Galindo LT, Filippo TR, Semedo P, Ariza CB, Moreira CM, Camara NO, Porcionatto MA (2011) Mesenchymal stem cell therapy modulates the inflammatory response in experimental traumatic brain injury. Neurol Res Int 2011:564089. doi:10.1155/2011/564089
84. Gallo V, Deneen B (2014) Glial development: the crossroads of regeneration and repair in the CNS. Neuron 83(2):283-308. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.010, S0896-6273(14)00532-7 [pii]
85. Gao X, Enikolopov G, Chen J (2009) Moderate traumatic brain injury promotes proliferation of quiescent neural progenitors in the adult hippocampus. Exp Neurol 219(2):516-523. doi:10.1016/j.expneu-rol.2009.07.007, S0014-4886(09)00270-2 [pii]
86. Goldman SA, Nottebohm F (1983) Neuronal production, migration, and differentiation in a vocal control nucleus of the adult female canary brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80(8):2390-2394
87. Gotz M, Huttner WB (2005) The cell biology of neurogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6(10):777-788. doi:10.1038/nrm1739, nrm1739 [pii]
88. Gould E (2007) How widespread is adult neurogenesis in mammals? Nat Rev Neurosci 8(6):481-488. doi:10.1038/nrn2147, nrn2147 [pii]
89. Gratzner HG (1982) Monoclonal antibody to 5-bromo- and 5-iododeoxyuridine: A new reagent for detection of DNA replication. Science 218(4571):474-475
90. Gross LS, Li L, Ford ES, Liu S (2004) Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment. Am J Clin Nutr 79(5):774-779
91. Hanisch UK, Kettenmann H (2007) Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat Neurosci 10(11):1387-1394. doi:10.1038/nn1997, nn1997 [pii]
92. Hardy J, Selkoe DJ (2002) The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science 297(5580):353-356. doi: 10.1126/science.1072994297/5580/353 [pii]
93. Harting MT, Sloan LE, Jimenez F, Baumgartner J, Cox CS Jr (2009) Subacute neural stem cell therapy for traumatic brain injury. J Surg Res 153 (2): 188-194. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.037, S0022-4804(08)00241 -2 [pii]
94. Hayes NL, Nowakowski RS (2002) Dynamics of cell proliferation in the adult dentate gyrus of two inbred strains of mice. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 134(1-2):77-85, doi:S0165380601003248 [pii]
95. Heile A, Brinker T (2011) Clinical translation of stem cell therapy in traumatic brain injury: the potential of encapsulated mesenchymal cell biodelivery of glucagon-like peptide-1. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 13(3):279-286
96. Heine VM, Maslam S, Joels M, Lucassen PJ (2004a) Increased P27KIP1 protein expression in the dentate gyrus of chronically stressed rats indicates G1 arrest involvement. Neuroscience 129(3):593-601. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.07.048, S0306-4522(04)00658-X [pii]
97. Heine VM, Maslam S, Joels M, Lucassen PJ (2004b) Prominent decline of newborn cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in the aging dentate gyrus, in absence of an age-related hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. Neurobiol Aging 25(3):361-375. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(03)00090-3, S0197458003000903 [pii]
98. Heine VM, Maslam S, Zareno J, Joels M, Lucassen PJ (2004c) Suppressed proliferation and apoptotic changes in the rat dentate gyrus after acute and chronic stress are reversible. Eur J Neurosci 19(1):131-144, doi:3100 [pii]
99. Hermann DM, Chopp M (2012) Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation. Lancet Neurol 11(4):369-380. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70039-X, S1474-4422(12)70039-X [pii]
100. Hermann B, Seidenberg M (2007) Epilepsy and cognition. Epilepsy Curr 7(1):1-6. doi:10.1111/j.1535-7511.2007.00151.x
101. Houart C, Caneparo L, Heisenberg C, Barth K, Take-Uchi M, Wilson S (2002) Establishment of the telencephalon during gastrulation by local antagonism of Wnt signaling. Neuron 35(2):255-265, doi:S0896627302007511 [pii]
102. Hu X, Leak RK, Shi Y, Suenaga J, Gao Y, Zheng P, Chen J (2015) Microglial and macrophage polarization-new prospects for brain repair. Nat Rev Neurol 11(1):56-64. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.207, nrneurol.2014.207 [pii]
103. Imayoshi I, Kageyama R (2011) The role of Notch signaling in adult neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 44(1):7-12. doi:10.1007/s12035-011-8186-0
104. Jessberger S, Nakashima K, Clemenson GD, Jr., Mejia E, Mathews E, Ure K, Ogawa S, Sinton CM, Gage FH, Hsieh J (2007) Epigenetic modulation of seizure-induced neurogenesis and cognitive decline. J Neurosci 27(22):5967-5975. doi:27/22/5967 [pii] 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 0110-07. 2007
105. Jin K, Galvan V, Xie L, Mao XO, Gorostiza OF, Bredesen DE, Greenberg DA (2004a) Enhanced neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic (PDGF-APPSw, Ind) mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(36): 13363-13367. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403678101,0403678101[pii]
106. Jin K, Peel AL, Mao XO, Xie L, Cottrell BA, Henshall DC, Greenberg DA (2004b) Increased hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(1):343-347. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2634794100, 2634794100[pii]
107. Jin K, Wang X, Xie L, Mao XO, Zhu W, Wang Y, Shen J, Mao Y, Banwait S, Greenberg DA (2006) Evidence for stroke-induced neurogenesis in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(35): 13198-13202. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603512103. 0603512103 [pii]
108. Kalladka D, Muir KW (2014) Brain repair: cell therapy in stroke. Stem Cells Cloning 7:31-44. doi:10.2147/SCCAA.S38003, sccaa-7-031 [pii]
109. Katchanov J, Harms C, Gertz K, Hauck L, Waeber C, Hirt L, Priller J, von Harsdorf R, Bruck W, Hortnagl H, Dirnagl U, Bhide PG, Endres M (2001) Mild cerebral ischemia induces loss of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and activation of cell cycle machinery before delayed neuronal cell death. J Neurosci 21(14):5045-5053. doi:21/14/5045 [pii]
110. Kawai H, Yamashita T, Ohta Y, Deguchi K, Nagotani S, Zhang X, Ikeda Y, Matsuura T, Abe K (2010) Tridermal tumorigenesis of induced pluripotent stem cells transplanted in ischemic brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 30(8): 1487-1493. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.32. jcbfm201032 [pii]
111. Kee N, Teixeira CM, Wang AH, Frankland PW (2007) Preferential incorporation of adult-generated granule cells into spatial memory networks in the dentate gyrus. Nat Neurosci 10(3):355-362. doi:10.1038/nn1847, nn1847[pii]
112. Kempermann G, Gage FH (2002) Genetic determinants of adult hippocampal neurogenesis correlate with acquisition, but not probe trial performance, in the water maze task. Eur J Neurosci 16(1):129-136, doi:2042 [pii]
113. Kempermann G, Kuhn HG, Gage FH (1997) More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment. Nature 386(6624):493-495. doi:10.1038/386493a0
114. Kempermann G, Jessberger S, Steiner B, Kronenberg G (2004) Milestones of neuronal development in the adult hippocampus. Trends Neurosci 27(8):447-452. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.013. S0166-2236(04)00167-5 [pii]
115. Kilpatrick TJ, Bartlett PF (1993) Cloning and growth of multipotential neural precursors: requirements for proliferation and differentiation. Neuron 10(2):255-265, doi:0896-6273(93)90316-J [pii]
116. Kim HJ, Kim W, Kong SY (2013) Antidepressants for neuroregeneration: from depression to Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Pharm Res 36(11):1279-1290. doi:10.1007/s12272-013-0238-8
117. Kiss JZ, Rougon G (1997) Cell biology of polysialic acid. Curr Opin Neurobiol 7(5):640-646, doi:S0959-4388(97)80083-9 [pii]
118. Kiyota T, Okuyama S, Swan RJ, Jacobsen MT, Gendelman HE, Ikezu T (2010) CNS expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 attenuates Alzheimer’s disease-like pathogenesis in APP + PS1 big-enic mice. FASEB J 24(8):3093-3102. doi:10.1096/fj.10-155317
119. Kiyota T, Ingraham KL, Jacobsen MT, Xiong H, Ikezu T (2011) FGF2 gene transfer restores hippocampal functions in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and has therapeutic implications for neurocognitive disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(49):E1339-E1348. doi:10.1073/pnas.1102349108. 1102349108 [pii]
120. Kiyota T, Ingraham KL, Swan RJ, Jacobsen MT, Andrews SJ, Ikezu T (2012) AAV serotype 2/1-mediated gene delivery of antiinflammatory interleukin-10 enhances neurogenesis and cognitive function in APP + PS1 mice. Gene Ther 19(7):724-733. doi:10.1038/gt.2011.126. gt2011126 [pii]
121. Kiyota T, Morrison CM, Tu G, Dyavarshetty B, Weir RA, Zhang G, Xiong H, Gendelman HE (2015) Presenilin-1 familial Alzheimer’s disease mutation alters hippocampal neurogenesis and memory function in CCL2 null mice.. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.014, Brain Behav Immun, S0889-1591(15)00167-1 [pii]
122. Knoth R, Singec I, Ditter M, Pantazis G, Capetian P, Meyer RP, Horvat V, Volk B, Kempermann G (2010) Murine features of neurogenesis in the human hippocampus across the lifespan from 0 to 100 years. PLoS One 5(1), e8809. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008809
123. Kolb B, Pedersen B, Ballermann M, Gibb R, Whishaw IQ (1999) Embryonic and postnatal injections of bromodeoxyuridine produce age-dependent morphological and behavioral abnormalities. J Neurosci 19(6):2337-2346
124. Kosaka K, Aika Y, Toida K, Heizmann CW, Hunziker W, Jacobowitz DM, Nagatsu I, Streit P, Visser TJ, Kosaka T (1995) Chemically defined neuron groups and their subpopulations in the glomerular layer of the rat main olfactory bulb. Neurosci Res 23(1):73-88, doi:0168-0102(95)90017-9 [pii]
125. Kotani S, Yamauchi T, Teramoto T, Ogura H (2008) Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 175(1-3):227-230. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2008.04.004, S0009-2797(08)00193-2 [pii]
126. Kriegstein A, Alvarez-Buylla A (2009) The glial nature of embryonic and adult neural stem cells. Annu Rev Neurosci 32:149-184. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135600
127. Kuan CY, Schloemer AJ, Lu A, Burns KA, Weng WL, Williams MT, Strauss KI, Vorhees CV, Flavell RA, Davis RJ, Sharp FR, Rakic P (2004) Hypoxia-ischemia induces DNA synthesis without cell proliferation in dying neurons in adult rodent brain. J Neurosci 24(47): 10763-10772. doi:24/47/10763 [pii] 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 3883-04. 2004
128. Kuhn HG, Winkler J, Kempermann G, Thal LJ, Gage FH (1997) Epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 have different effects on neural progenitors in the adult rat brain. J Neurosci 17(15):5820-5829
129. Kwan KY, Sestan N, Anton ES (2012) Transcriptional co-regulation of neuronal migration and laminar identity in the neocortex. Development 139(9): 1535-1546. doi: 139/9/1535 [pii] 10. 1242/dev. 069963
130. Laird MD, Shields JS, Sukumari-Ramesh S, Kimbler DE, Fessler RD, Shakir B, Youssef P, Yanasak N, Vender JR, Dhandapani KM (2014) High mobility group box protein-1 promotes cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury via activation of toll-like receptor 4. Glia 62(1):26-38. doi:10.1002/glia.22581
131. Lazarov O, Marr RA (2010) Neurogenesis and Alzheimer’s disease: at the crossroads. Exp Neurol 223(2):267-281. doi:10.1016/j.expneu-rol.2009.08.009, S0014-4886(09)00327-6[pii]
132. Le Blanc K, Frassoni F, Ball L, Locatelli F, Roelofs H, Lewis I, Lanino E, Sundberg B, Bernardo ME, Remberger M, Dini G, Egeler RM, Bacigalupo A, Fibbe W, Ringden O (2008) Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant, severe, acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase II study. Lancet 371(9624):1579-1586. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60690-X, S0140-6736(08)60690-X[pii]
133. Lee J, Bruce-Keller AJ, Kruman Y, Chan SL, Mattson MP (1999) 2-Deoxy-D-glucose protects hippocampal neurons against excito-toxic and oxidative injury: evidence for the involvement of stress proteins. J Neurosci Res 57(1):48-61. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990701)57:1<48::AID-JNR6>3.0.CO;2-L [pii]
134. Lee SM, Tole S, Grove E, McMahon AP (2000) A local Wnt-3a signal is required for development of the mammalian hippocampus. Development 127(3):457-467
135. Lepousez G, Nissant A, Lledo PM (2015) Adult neurogenesis and the future of the rejuvenating brain circuits. Neuron 86(2):387-401. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.002, S0896-6273(15)00003-3[pii]
136. Lewis PF, Emerman M (1994) Passage through mitosis is required for oncoretroviruses but not for the human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 68(1):510-516
137. Li B, Yamamori H, Tatebayashi Y, Shafit-Zagardo B, Tanimukai H, Chen S, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I (2008) Failure of neuronal maturation in Alzheimer disease dentate gyrus. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 67(1):78-84. doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e318160c5db
138. Lindqvist A, Mohapel P, Bouter B, Frielingsdorf H, Pizzo D, Brundin P. Erlanson-Albertsson C (2006) High-fat diet impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in male rats. Eur J Neurol 13(12): 1385-1388. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01500.x, ENE1500[pii]
139. Liu YP, Lang BT, Baskaya MK, Dempsey RJ, Vemuganti R (2009) The potential of neural stem cells to repair stroke-induced brain damage. Acta Neuropathol 117(5):469-480. doi: 10.1007/s00401-009-0516-1
140. Lledo PM, Alonso M, Grubb MS (2006) Adult neurogenesis and functional plasticity in neuronal circuits. Nat Rev Neurosci 7(3):179-193. doi:10.1038/nrn1867, nrn1867 [pii]
141. Lois C, Alvarez-Buylla A (1993) Proliferating subventricular zone cells in the adult mammalian forebrain can differentiate into neurons and glia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(5):2074-2077
142. Lopez-Toledano MA, Shelanski ML (2007) Increased neurogenesis in young transgenic mice overexpressing human APP(Sw, Ind). J Alzheimers Dis 12(3):229-240
143. Lucassen PJ, Meerlo P, Naylor AS, van Dam AM, Dayer AG, Fuchs E, Oomen CA, Czeh B (2010) Regulation of adult neurogenesis by stress, sleep disruption, exercise and inflammation: Implications for depression and antidepressant action. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 20(1): 1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.08.003, S0924-977X(09)00211-9 [pii]
144. Lue LF, Kuo YM, Beach T, Walker DG (2010) Microglia activation and anti-inflammatory regulation in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurobiol 41(2-3):115-128. doi:10.1007/s12035-010-8106-8
145. Lugert S, Basak O, Knuckles P, Haussler U, Fabel K, Gotz M, Haas CA, Kempermann G, Taylor V, Giachino C (2012) Quiescent and active hippocampal neural stem cells with distinct morphologies respond selectively to physiological and pathological stimuli and aging. Cell Stem Cell 6(5):445-456. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.03.017, S 1934-5909(10)00146-3 [pii]
146. Malik N, Rao MS (2013) A review of the methods for human iPSC derivation. Methods Mol Biol 997:23-33. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-348-0_3
147. Manganas LN, Zhang X, Li Y, Hazel RD, Smith SD, Wagshul ME, Henn F, Benveniste H, Djuric PM, Enikolopov G, Maletic-Savatic M (2007) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies neural pro-genitor cells in the live human brain. Science 318(5852):980-985. doi:318/5852/980 [pii] 10. 1126/science. 1147851
148. Maroof AM, Keros S, Tyson JA, Ying SW, Ganat YM, Merkle FT, Liu B, Goulburn A, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Widmer HR, Eggan K, Goldstein PA, Anderson SA, Studer L (2013) Directed differentiation and functional maturation of cortical interneurons from human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 12(5):559-572. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.04.008 S1934-5909(13)00144-6 [pii]
149. Marthiens V, ffrench-Constant C (2009) Adherens junction domains are split by asymmetric division of embryonic neural stem cells. EMBO Rep 10(5):515-520. doi:embor200936 [pii] 10.1038/embor.2009.36
150. Martino G, Pluchino S, Bonfanti L, Schwartz M (2011) Brain regeneration in physiology and pathology: the immune signature driving therapeutic plasticity of neural stem cells. Physiol Rev 91(4):1281-1304. doi:91/4/1281 [pii] 10. 1152/physrev. 00032. 2010
151. Maruszak A, Pilarski A, Murphy T, Branch N, Thuret S (2014) Hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease: is there a role for dietary modulation? J Alzheimers Dis 38(1):11-38. doi:10.3233/JAD-131004, W222502L56718K76 [pii]
152. Mathieu P, Piantanida AP, Pitossi F (2010) Chronic expression of transforming growth factor-beta enhances adult neurogenesis. Neuroimmunomodulation 17(3):200-201. doi:10.1159/000258723, 000258723 [pii]
153. Miller MW, Nowakowski RS (1988) Use of bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry to examine the proliferation, migration and time of origin of cells in the central nervous system. Brain Res 457(1):44-52, doi:0006-8993(88)90055-8 [pii]
154. Ming GL, Song H (2005) Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian central nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci 28:223-250. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.051804.101459
155. Ming GL, Song H (2011) Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain: significant answers and significant questions. Neuron 70(4):687-702. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.001, S0896-6273(11)00348-5 [pii]
156. Mira H, Andreu Z, Suh H, Lie DC, Jessberger S, Consiglio A, San Emeterio J, Hortiguela R, Marques-Torrejon MA, Nakashima K, Colak D, Gotz M, Farinas I, Gage FH (2012) Signaling through BMPR-IA regulates quiescence and long-term activity of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. Cell Stem Cell 7(1):78-89. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.04.016, S1934-5909(10)00171-2 [pii]
157. Mirescu C, Gould E (2006) Stress and adult neurogenesis. Hippocampus 16(3):233-238. doi:10.1002/hipo.20155
158. Mirzadeh Z, Merkle FT, Soriano-Navarro M, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A (2008) Neural stem cells confer unique pinwheel architecture to the ventricular surface in neurogenic regions of the adult brain. Cell Stem Cell 3(3):265-278. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.004, S1934-5909(08)00338-X [pii]
159. Molteni R, Barnard RJ, Ying Z, Roberts CK, Gomez-Pinilla F (2002) A high-fat, refined sugar diet reduces hippocampal brain-derived neu-rotrophic factor, neuronal plasticity, and learning. Neuroscience 112(4):803-814, doi:S0306452202001239 [pii]
160. Mosher KI, Andres RH, Fukuhara T, Bieri G, Hasegawa-Moriyama M, He Y, Guzman R, Wyss-Coray T (2012) Neural progenitor cells regulate microglia functions and activity. Nat Neurosci 15(11):1485- 1487. doi:10.1038/nn.3233, nn.3233 [pii]
161. Mu Y, Gage FH (2011) Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its role in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 6:85. doi:#N/A [pii] 10.1186/1750-1326-6-85
162. Mu Y, Lee SW, Gage FH (2010) Signaling in adult neurogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 20(4):416-423. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2010.04.010, S0959-4388(10)00061-9 [pii]
163. Mullen RJ, Buck CR, Smith AM (1992) NeuN, a neuronal specific nuclear protein in vertebrates. Development 116(1):201-211
164. Murphy BL, Pun RY, Yin H, Faulkner CR, Loepke AW, Danzer SC (2011) Heterogeneous integration of adult-generated granule cells into the epileptic brain. J Neurosci 31 (1): 105-117. doi:31/1/105 [pii] 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 2728-10. 2011
165. Nacher J, Crespo C, McEwen BS (2001) Doublecortin expression in the adult rat telencephalon. Eur J Neurosci 14(4):629-644, doi:ejn1683 [pii]
166. Nacher J, Guirado R, Castillo-Gomez E (2013) Structural plasticity of interneurons in the adult brain: role of PSA-NCAM and implications for psychiatric disorders. Neurochem Res 38(6):1122-1133. doi:10.1007/s11064-013-0977-4
167. Nagahara AH, Merrill DA, Coppola G, Tsukada S, Schroeder BE, Shaked GM, Wang L, Blesch A, Kim A, Conner JM, Rockenstein E, Chao MV, Koo EH, Geschwind D, Masliah E, Chiba AA, Tuszynski MH (2009) Neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rodent and primate models of Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Med 15(3):331-337. doi:10.1038/nm.1912, nm. 1912 [pii]
168. Nicholas CR, Chen J, Tang Y, Southwell DG, Chalmers N, Vogt D, Arnold CM, Chen YJ, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Sasai Y, Alvarez-Buylla A, Rubenstein JL, Kriegstein AR (2013) Functional maturation of hPSC-derived forebrain interneurons requires an extended timeline and mimics human neural development. Cell Stem Cell 12(5):573-586. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.04.005, S 1934-5909(13)00141-0 [pii]
169. Oki K, Tatarishvili J, Wood J, Koch P, Wattananit S, Mine Y, Monni E, Tornero D, Ahlenius H, Ladewig J, Brustle O, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z (2012) Human-induced pluripotent stem cells form functional neurons and improve recovery after grafting in stroke-damaged brain. Stem Cells 30(6):1120-1133. doi:10.1002/stem.1104
170. Olson AK, Eadie BD, Ernst C, Christie BR (2006) Environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise massively increase neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus via dissociable pathways. Hippocampus 16(3):250-260. doi:10.1002/hipo.20157
171. Oomen CA, Mayer JL, de Kloet ER, Joels M, Lucassen PJ (2007) Brief treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone normalizes the reduction in neurogenesis after chronic stress. Eur J Neurosci 26(12):3395-3401. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05972.x, EJN5972 [pii]
172. Park HR, Lee J (2011) Neurogenic contributions made by dietary regulation to hippocampal neurogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1229:2328. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06089.x
173. Pluchino S, Quattrini A, Brambilla E, Gritti A, Salani G, Dina G, Galli R, Del Carro U, Amadio S, Bergami A, Furlan R, Comi G, Vescovi AL, Martino G (2003) Injection of adult neurospheres induces recovery in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis. Nature 422(6933):688-694. doi:10.1038/nature01552, nature01552 [pii]
174. Quadrato G, Elnaggar MY, Di Giovanni S (2014) Adult neurogenesis in brain repair: cellular plasticity vs. cellular replacement. Front Neurosci 8:17. doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00017
175. Rafii S, Lyden D (2003) Therapeutic stem and progenitor cell transplantation for organ vascularization and regeneration. Nat Med 9(6):702-712. doi:10.1038/nm0603-702, nm0603-702 [pii]
176. Rakic P (1972) Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex. J Comp Neurol 145(1):61-83. doi:10.1002/cne.901450105
177. Rakic P (1988) Specification of cerebral cortical areas. Science 241(4862):170-176
178. Rakic P (1995) A small step for the cell, a giant leap for mankind: a hypothesis of neocortical expansion during evolution. Trends Neurosci 18(9):383-388, doi:0166-2236(95)93934-P [pii]
179. Rakic P (2002) Neurogenesis in adult primate neocortex: an evaluation of the evidence. Nat Rev Neurosci 3(1):65-71. doi:10.1038/nrn700, nrn700 [pii]
180. Rallu M, Corbin JG, Fishell G (2002a) Parsing the prosencephalon. Nat Rev Neurosci 3(12):943-951. doi:10.1038/nrn989, nrn989 [pii]
181. Rallu M, Machold R, Gaiano N, Corbin JG, McMahon AP, Fishell G (2002b) Dorsoventral patterning is established in the telencephalon of mutants lacking both Gli3 and Hedgehog signaling. Development 129(21):4963-4974
182. Revilla S, Ursulet S, Alvarez-Lopez MJ, Castro-Freire M, Perpina U, Garcia-Mesa Y, Bortolozzi A, Gimenez-Llort L, Kaliman P, Cristofol R, Sarkis C, Sanfeliu C (2014) Lenti-GDNF gene therapy protects against Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathology in 3xTg-AD mice and MC65 cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 20(11):961-972. doi:10.1111/cns.12312
183. Reynolds BA, Weiss S (1992) Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science 255(5052):1707-1710
184. Rocha-Gonzalez HI, Ambriz-Tututi M, Granados-Soto V (2008) Resveratrol: a natural compound with pharmacological potential in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 14(3):234-247. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00045.x, CNS045 [pii]
185. Rowitch DH, Kriegstein AR (2010) Developmental genetics of vertebrate glial-cell specification. Nature 468(7321):214-222. doi:10.1038/nature09611, nature09611 [pii]
186. Russo I, Barlati S, Bosetti F (2011) Effects of neuroinflammation on the regenerative capacity of brain stem cells. J Neurochem 116(6):947-956. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07168.x
187. Rutishauser U (2008) Polysialic acid in the plasticity of the developing and adult vertebrate nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 9(1):26-35. doi:10.1038/nrn2285, nrn2285 [pii]
188. Ramón Cajal S. (1913) Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System. London: Oxford Univ. Press
189. Salic A, Mitchison TJ (2008) A chemical method for fast and sensitive detection of DNA synthesis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(7):2415-2420. doi:10.1073/pnas.0712168105
190. Sanai N, Berger MS, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A (2007) Comment on “Human neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb via a lateral ventricular extension”. Science 318(5849):393; author reply 393. doi:318/5849/393b [pii] 10. 1126/science. 1145011
191. Sanai N, Nguyen T, Ihrie RA, Mirzadeh Z, Tsai HH, Wong M, Gupta N, Berger MS, Huang E, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Rowitch DH, Alvarez-Buylla A (2011) Corridors of migrating neurons in the human brain and their decline during infancy. Nature 478(7369):382-386. doi:10.1038/nature10487, nature10487 [pii]
192. Sapolsky RM (2000) Glucocorticoids and hippocampal atrophy in neuropsychiatric disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57(10):925-935
193. Sauer ME, Walker BE (1959) Radioautographic study of interkinetic nuclear migration in the neural tube. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 101(3):557-560
194. Schaar BT, Kinoshita K, McConnell SK (2004) Doublecortin microtubule affinity is regulated by a balance of kinase and phosphatase activity at the leading edge of migrating neurons. Neuron 41(2):203-213, doi: S0896627303008432 [pii]
195. Schaeffer EL, Novaes BA, da Silva ER, Skaf HD, Mendes-Neto AG (2009) Strategies to promote differentiation of newborn neurons into mature functional cells in Alzheimer brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 33(7):1087-1102. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.06.024, S0278-5846(09)00214-0 [pii]
196. Schier AF (2001) Axis formation and patterning in zebrafish. Curr Opin Genet Dev 11(4):393-404, doi:S0959-437X(00)00209-4 [pii]
197. Scholzen T, Gerdes J (2000) The Ki-67 protein: from the known and the unknown. J Cell Physiol 182(3):311-322. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200003)182:3 < 311::AID-JCP1 > 3. 0. CO;2-9 [pii] 10. 1002/(SICI) 1097-4652(200003) 182:3< 311::AID-JCP1 > 3. 0. CO;2-9
198. Selden JR, Dolbeare F, Clair JH, Nichols WW, Miller JE, Kleemeyer KM, Hyland RJ, DeLuca JG (1993) Statistical confirmation that immunofluorescent detection of DNA repair in human fibroblasts by measurement of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation is stoichiometric and sensitive. Cytometry 14(2): 154-167. doi:10.1002/cyto.990140207
199. Shang J, Deguchi K, Ohta Y, Liu N, Zhang X, Tian F, Yamashita T, Ikeda Y, Matsuura T, Funakoshi H, Nakamura T, Abe K (2011) Strong neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, and antifibrosis of hepatocyte growth factor in rats brain after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Neurosci Res 89(1):86-95. doi:10.1002/jnr.22524
200. Shen Q, Wang Y, Kokovay E, Lin G, Chuang SM, Goderie SK, Roysam B, Temple S (2008) Adult SVZ stem cells lie in a vascular niche: a quantitative analysis of niche cell-cell interactions. Cell Stem Cell 3(3):289-300. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.026, S1934-5909(08)00397-4 [pii]
201. Shimada IS, Peterson BM, Spees JL (2010) Isolation of locally derived stem/progenitor cells from the peri-infarct area that do not migrate from the lateral ventricle after cortical stroke. Stroke 41(9):e552-e560. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.589010, STROKEAHA. 110. 589010 [pii]
202. Sidman RL, Miale IL, Feder N (1959) Cell proliferation and migration in the primitive ependymal zone: an autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the nervous system. Exp Neurol 1:322-333
203. Sierra A, Encinas JM, Deudero JJ, Chancey JH, Enikolopov G, Overstreet-Wadiche LS, Tsirka SE, Maletic-Savatic M (2010) Microglia shape adult hippocampal neurogenesis through apoptosis-coupled phagocytosis. Cell Stem Cell 7(4):483-495. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.08.014, S1934-5909(10)00437-6 [pii]
204. Song M, Kim YJ, Kim YH, Roh J, Kim SU, Yoon BW (2011) Effects of duplicate administration of human neural stem cell after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Int J Neurosci 121(8):457-461. doi:10.3109/00207454.2011.576792
205. Soriano E, Alvarado-Mallart RM, Dumesnil N, Del Rio JA, Sotelo C (1997) Cajal-Retzius cells regulate the radial glia phenotype in the adult and developing cerebellum and alter granule cell migration. Neuron 18(4):563-577, doi:S0896-6273(00)80298-6 [pii]
206. Spalding KL, Bergmann O, Alkass K, Bernard S, Salehpour M, Huttner HB, Bostrom E, Westerlund I, Vial C, Buchholz BA, Possnert G, Mash DC, Druid H, Frisen J (2013) Dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult humans. Cell 153(6):1219-1227. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.002, S0092-8674(13)00533-3 [pii]
207. Stern CD (2001) Initial patterning of the central nervous system: how many organizers? Nat Rev Neurosci 2(2):92-98. doi:10.1038/35053563
208. Stranahan AM, Norman ED, Lee K, Cutler RG, Telljohann RS, Egan JM, Mattson MP (2008) Diet-induced insulin resistance impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognition in middle-aged rats. Hippocampus 18(11):1085-1088. doi:10.1002/hipo.20470
209. Sun D (2014) The potential of endogenous neurogenesis for brain repair and regeneration following traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 9(7):688-692. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.131567, NRR-9-688 [pii]
210. Sun D, McGinn MJ, Zhou Z, Harvey HB, Bullock MR, Colello RJ (2007) Anatomical integration of newly generated dentate granule neurons following traumatic brain injury in adult rats and its association to cognitive recovery. Exp Neurol 204(1):264-272. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.11.005, S0014-4886(06)00610-8 [pii]
211. Sun X, Liu T, Zhao M, Zhao S, Xiao T, Jolkkonen J, Zhao C (2015) Fluoxetine enhanced neurogenesis is not translated to functional outcome in stroke rats. Neurosci Lett 603:31-36. doi:10.1016/j.neu-let.2015.06.061, S0304-3940(15)30010-0 [pii]
212. Tashiro A, Makino H, Gage FH (2007) Experience-specific functional modification of the dentate gyrus through adult neurogenesis: a critical period during an immature stage. J Neurosci 27(12):3252-3259. doi:27/12/3252 [pii] 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 4941-06. 2007
213. Tatti R, Bhaukaurally K, Gschwend O, Seal RP, Edwards RH, Rodriguez I, Carleton A (2014) A population of glomerular gluta-matergic neurons controls sensory information transfer in the mouse olfactory bulb. Nat Commun 5:3791. doi:10.1038/ncomms4791, ncomms4791 [pii]
214. Taupin P (2007) BrdU immunohistochemistry for studying adult neurogenesis: paradigms, pitfalls, limitations, and validation. Brain Res Rev 53(1): 198-214. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.08.002, S0165-0173(06)00104-4 [pii]
215. Tavazoie M, Van der Veken L, Silva-Vargas V, Louissaint M, Colonna L, Zaidi B, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Doetsch F (2008) A specialized vascular niche for adult neural stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 3(3):279-288. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.07.025, S1934-5909(08)00396-2 [pii]
216. Taverna E, Huttner WB (2010) Neural progenitor nuclei IN motion. Neuron 67(6):906-914. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.027, S0896-6273(10)00637-9 [pii]
217. Taverna E, Gotz M, Huttner WB (2014) The cell biology of neurogenesis: toward an understanding of the development and evolution of the neocortex. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 30:465-502. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155801
218. Tong LM, Djukic B, Arnold C, Gillespie AK, Yoon SY, Wang MM, Zhang O, Knoferle J, Rubenstein JL, Alvarez-Buylla A, Huang Y (2014) Inhibitory interneuron progenitor transplantation restores normal learning and memory in ApoE4 knock-in mice without or with Abeta accumulation. J Neurosci 34(29):9506-9515. doi:34/29/9506 [pii] 10. 1523/JNEUROSCI. 0693-14. 2014
219. Tuazon FB, Mullins MC (2015) Temporally coordinated signals progressively pattern the anteroposterior and dorsoventral body axes. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.06.003, Semin Cell Dev Biol, S1084-9521 (15)00122-6 [pii]
220. Ulloa F, Briscoe J (2007) Morphogens and the control of cell proliferation and patterning in the spinal cord. Cell Cycle 6(21):2640-2649, doi:4822 [pii]
221. Ulrich-Lai YM, Herman JP (2009) Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses. Nat Rev Neurosci 10(6):397-409. doi:10.1038/nrn2647
222. Urban N, Guillemot F (2014) Neurogenesis in the embryonic and adult brain: same regulators, different roles. Front Cell Neurosci 8:396. doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00396
223. van Praag H, Kempermann G, Gage FH (1999) Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. Nat Neurosci 2(3):266-270. doi:10.1038/6368
224. van Praag H, Schinder AF, Christie BR, Toni N, Palmer TD, Gage FH (2002) Functional neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Nature 415(6875):1030-1034. doi:10.1038/4151030a.4151030a [pii]
225. van Praag H, Shubert T, Zhao C, Gage FH (2005) Exercise enhances learning and hippocampal neurogenesis in aged mice. J Neurosci 25(38):8680-8685. doi:25/38/8680[pii]10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1731-05.2005
226. Varnum MM, Kiyota T, Ingraham KL, Ikezu S, Ikezu T (2015) The anti-inflammatory glycoprotein, CD200, restores neurogenesis and enhances amyloid phagocytosis in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 36(11):2995-3007. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.07.027
227. Warner-Schmidt JL, Duman RS (2006) Hippocampal neurogenesis: opposing effects of stress and antidepressant treatment. Hippocampus 16(3):239-249. doi:10.1002/hipo.20156
228. Williams PA, White AM, Clark S, Ferraro DJ, Swiercz W, Staley KJ, Dudek FE (2009) Development of spontaneous recurrent seizures after kainate-induced status epilepticus. J Neurosci 29(7):2103-2112. doi:29/7/2103[pii]10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0980-08.2009
229. Wilson SW, Houart C (2004) Early steps in the development of the forebrain. Dev Cell 6(2):167-181, doi:S1534580704000279 [pii]
230. Wu S, Sasaki A, Yoshimoto R, Kawahara Y, Manabe T, Kataoka K, Asashima M, Yuge L (2008) Neural stem cells improve learning and memory in rats with Alzheimer’s disease. Pathobiology 75(3):186-194. doi:10.1159/000124979.000124979 [pii]
231. Xu Y, Ku B, Cui L, Li X, Barish PA, Foster TC, Ogle WO (2007) Curcumin reverses impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and increases serotonin receptor 1A mRNA and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in chronically stressed rats. Brain Res 1162:9-18. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.071.S0006-8993(07)01259-0 [pii]
232. Yamaguchi M, Saito H, Suzuki M, Mori K (2000) Visualization of neurogenesis in the central nervous system using nestin promoter-GFP transgenic mice. Neuroreport 11(9):1991-1996
233. Yu DX, Marchetto MC, Gage FH (2014) How to make a hippocampal dentate gyrus granule neuron. Development 141(12):2366-2375. doi:141/12/2366 [pii] 10. 1242/dev. 096776
234. Zhang P, Li J, Liu Y, Chen X, Kang Q, Zhao J, Li W (2009) Human neural stem cell transplantation attenuates apoptosis and improves neurological functions after cerebral ischemia in rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53(9): 1184-1191. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02024.x, AAS2024 [pii]
235. Zhang W, Wang PJ, Sha HY, Ni J, Li MH, Gu GJ (2014) Neural stem cell transplants improve cognitive function without altering amyloid pathology in an APP/PS1 double transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurobiol 50(2):423-437. doi: 10.1007/s12035-014-8640-x
236. Zhao C, Teng EM, Summers RG, Jr., Ming GL, Gage FH (2006) Distinct morphological stages of dentate granule neuron maturation in the adult mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci 26(1):3-11. doi:26/1/3 [pii] 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3648-05.2006
237. Zhao C, Deng W, Gage FH (2008) Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis. Cell 132(4):645-660. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.033, S0092-8674(08)00134-7 [pii]