Leveraging traditional crops for better nutrition and health - The case of chickpea

Trends in Food Science and Technology

Volumn 64, Issue , 2017, Pages 39-47

  Bar El Dadon, Shimrit ^a   Abbo, Shahal ^a   Reifen, Ram ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.); Legumes allergy; Malnutrition; Phytoestrogens; Protein source

Indexed keywords

CROPS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HEALTH; PROTEINS;

CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.); ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; MALNUTRITION; MICRO AND MACRO NUTRIENTS; MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; NUTRITIONAL IMPROVEMENT; PHYTOESTROGENS; PROTEIN SOURCES;

NUTRITION;

EID: 85017567569     PISSN: 09242244     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.04.002     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. el-Adawy, T.A., Nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) undergoing different cooking methods and germination. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 57:1 (2002), 83–97.
2. Abbo, S., Berger, J., Turner, N.C., Evolution of cultivated chickpea: Four genetic bottlenecks limit diversity and constrain crop adaptation. Functional Plant Biology 30 (2003), 1081–1087.
3. Abbo, S., Bonfil, D.J., Kerem, Z., Berkovich, Z., Reifen, R., Towards enhancing lutein concentration in chickpea, cultivar and management effects. Plant Breeding 129 (2010), 407–411.
4. Abbo, S., Grusak, M.A., Tzuk, T., Reifen, R., Genetic control of seed weight and calcium concentration in chickpea seed. Plant Breeding 119:5 (2000), 427–431.
5. Abbo, S., Lev-Yadun, S., Galwey, N., Vernalization response of wild chickpea. New Phytologist 154 (2002), 695–701.
6. Abbo, S., Molina, C., Jungmann, R., Grusak, M.A., Berkovitch, Z., Reifen, R.,.. Winter, P., Quantitative trait loci governing carotenoid concentration and weight in seeds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 111:2 (2005), 185–195, 10.1007/s00122-005-1930-y.
7. Abbo, S., Saranga, Y., Peleg, Z., Kerem, Z., Lev-Yadun, S., Gopher, A., Reconsidering domestication of legumes versus cereals in the ancient near east. The Quarterly Review of Biology 84:1 (2009), 29–50.
8. Abbo, S., Shtienberg, D., Lichtenzveig, J., Lev-Yadun, S., Gopher, A., The chickpea, summer cropping, and a new model for pulse domestication in the ancient near east. The Quarterly Reviwe of Biology 78:4 (2003), 435–448.
9. Abdel-Aal el, S.M., Akhtar, H., Zaheer, K., Ali, R., Dietary sources of lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids and their role in eye health. Nutrients 5:4 (2013), 1169–1185, 10.3390/nu5041169 nu5041169 [pii].
10. Alajaji, S.A., El-Adawy, T.A., Nutritional composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by microwave cooking and other traditional cooking methods. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19 (2006), 806–812.
11. Alajaji, S.A., el-Adawy, T.A., Nutritional composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by microwave cooking and other traditional cooking methods. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19:8 (2006), 806–812.
12. Angulo-Bejaranoa, P.I., Verdugo-Montoyab, N.M., Cuevas-Rodrígueza, E.O., Milán-Carrillob, J., Mora-Escobedod, R., Lopez-Valenzuelab, J.A.,.. Reyes-Moreno, C., Tempeh flour from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) nutritional and physicochemical properties. Food Chemistry 106:1 (2008), 106–112.
13. Arnaud, C.D., Sanchez, S.D., Calcium and phosphorus. Ziegler, E.E., Filer, L.J., (eds.) Present knowledge of nutrition, 7 ed, 1996, ILSI Press, Washington, DC, 245–255.
14. Attia, R.S., Shehata, A.M.E., Aman, M.E., Hamza, M.A., Effect of cooking and decortication on the physical-properties, the chemical-composition and the nutritive-value of chickpea (cicer-arietinum l). Food Chemistry 50 (1994), 127–131.
15. Bailey, L.B., Gregory, J. F. r, Folate metabolism and requirements. Journal of Nutrition 129:4 (1999), 779–782.
16. Bar-El Dadon, S., Pascual, C.Y., Eshel, D., Teper-Bamnolker, P., Ibanez, M.D., Reifen, R., Vicilin and the basic subunit of legumin are putative chickpea allergens. Food Chemistry 138:1 (2013), 13–18, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.031 S0308-8146(12)01543-9 [pii].
17. Bar-El, D.S., Reifen, R., Soy as an endocrine disruptor: Cause for caution?. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 23:9 (2010), 855–861.
18. Berger, J.D., Turner, N.C., The ecology of chickpea. Yadav, S.S., Redden, R., Chen, W., Sharma, B., (eds.) Chickpea breeding & management, 2007, CAB International, Wallingford, 47–71.
19. Bohn, T., Cuhra, M., Traavik, T., Sanden, M., Fagan, J., Primicerio, R., Compositional differences in soybeans on the market: Glyphosate accumulates in roundup ready GM soybeans. Food Chemistry 153 (2014), 207–215, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.054 S0308–8146(13)01920-1 [pii].
20. Bonfil, D.J., Goren, O., Mufradi, I., Lichtenzveig, J., Abbo, S., Development of early-flowering Kabuli chickpea with compound and simple leaves. Plant Breeding 126:2 (2007), 125–129.
21. Boutrif, E., Food quality and consumer protection group, food policy and nutrition division, FAO, rome: “Recent developments in protein quality evaluation” food, nutrition and agriculture. (Retrieved from Rome), 1991.
22. Carla, G., Nobile, M., Carreras, J., Grosso, R., Inga, M., Silva, M.,.. Martinez, M.J., Proximate composition and seed lipid components of “kabuli”-type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) from Argentina. Agricultural Sciences 4:12 (2013), 729–737.
23. Cashman, K.D., Diet, nutrition, and bone health. Journal of Nutrition 137:11 Suppl (2007), 2507S–2512S 137/11/2507S [pii].
24. Cheryan, M., Phytic acid interactions in food systems. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 13:4 (1980), 297–335, 10.1080/10408398009527293.
25. Chitra, U., Vimala, V., Singh, U., Geervani, P., Variability in phytic acid content and protein digestibility of grain legumes. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 47:2 (1995), 163–172.
26. Combs, J., Gerald, F., The vitamins. 4 ed., 2012, Elsevier Science, Burlington.
27. Crespo, J.F., Pascual, C., Burks, A.W., Helm, R.M., Esteban, M.M., Frequency of food allergy in a pediatric population from Spain. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 6:1 (1995), 39–43.
28. Crujeiras, A.B., Parra, D., Abete, I., Martinez, J.A., A hypocaloric diet enriched in legumes specifically mitigates lipid peroxidation in obese subjects. Free Radical Research 41:4 (2007), 498–506, 10.1080/10715760601131935 773533870 [pii].
29. Dakshinamurti, S., Dakshinamurti, K., Vitamin B6. Zempleni, J., Rucker, R.B., McCormick, D.B., Suttie, J.W., (eds.) Handbook of vitamins, 4 ed., 2007, CRC Press (Taylor & Fracis Group), New York, 315–359.
30. Delgado, G.T., Thome, R., Gabriel, D.L., Tamashiro, W.M., Pastore, G.M., Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)-derived fructooligosaccharides improves the immune parameters in the mouse. Nutrition Research 32:11 (2012), 884–892, 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.012 S0271–5317(12)00194-7 [pii].
31. Duranti, M., Grain legume proteins and nutraceutical properties. Fitoterapia 77:2 (2006), 67–82, 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.11.008 S0367-326X(05)00239-X [pii].
32. Dwivedi, S., Sahrawatb, K., Puppalaa, N., Ortiz, R., Plant prebiotics and human health: Biotechnology to breed prebiotic-rich nutritious food crops. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 17:5 (2014), 238–245.
33. Esnouf, C., Russel, M., Bricas, N.C., (Paris) Editions Quae, (eds.) Pour une alimentation durable. Réflexion stratégique duALIne, 2011.
34. Fabris, N., Mocchegiani, E., Zinc, human diseases and aging. Aging (Milano) 7:2 (1995), 77–93.
35. FAO, How to feed the world in 2050. Retrieved from, 2009 http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050.pdf.
36. FAO, Retrieved from http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E, 2013.
37. FAO, IFAD, WFP, The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2014. Strengthening the enabling environment for food security and nutrition. (Retrieved from Rome), 2014.
38. Fernando, W.M., Hill, J.E., Zello, G.A., Tyler, R.T., Dahl, W.J., Van Kessel, A.G., Diets supplemented with chickpea or its main oligosaccharide component raffinose modify faecal microbial composition in healthy adults. Beneficial Microbes 1:2 (2010), 197–207, 10.3920/BM2009.0027 TL2155006GX3R488 [pii].
39. Ghavidel, R.A., Prakash, J., Effect of germination and dehulling on functional properties of legume flours. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 86:8 (2006), 1189–1195.
40. Giron-Calle, J., Vioque, J., del Mar Yust, M., Pedroche, J., Alaiz, M., Millan, F., Effect of chickpea aqueous extracts, organic extracts, and protein concentrates on cell proliferation. Journal of Medical Food 7:2 (2004), 122–129, 10.1089/1096620041224175.
41. Gul, M.K., Egesel, C.O., Turhan, H., The effects of planting time on fatty acids and tocopherols in chickpea. European Food Research and Technology 226 (2008), 517–522, 10.1007/s00217-007-0564-5.
42. Han, I.H., Baik, B.K., Oligosaccharide content and composition of legumes and their reduction by soaking, cooking, ultrasound and high hydrostatic pressure. Cereal Chemistry 83:4 (2006), 428–433.
43. Harlan, J.R., Crops and man. 2 ed., 1992, American Society of Agronomy-Crop Science Society.
44. Hedley, C.L., Carbohydrates in grain legume seeds: Improving nutritional quality and agronomic characteristics. 2001, CABI publishing, Wallingford, Oxon.
45. He, J.Y., Zhang, Y., Li, W., Sun, Y., Zheng, X.X., Prebiotic function of alpha-galactooligosaccharides from chickpea seeds. Food Science 32 (2011), 94–98.
46. Hoentjen, F., Welling, G.W., Harmsen, H.J., Zhang, X., Snart, J., Tannock, G.W.,.. Dieleman, L.A., Reduction of colitis by prebiotics in HLA-B27 transgenic rats is associated with microflora changes and immunomodulation. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 11:11 (2005), 977–985 00054725-200511000-00004 [pii].
47. Hu, F.B., Manson, J.E., Willett, W.C., Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: A critical review. The Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20:1 (2001), 5–19.
48. Ito, K., Grain and legume allergy. Chemical Immunology and Allergy 101 (2015), 145–151, 10.1159/000375468000375468 [pii].
49. Jambunathan, R., Singh, U., Present status and prospects for utilization of chickpea. Paper presented at the chickpea in the nineties: Proceedings of the second international workshop on chickpea improvement, 1990, ICRISAT Center, India.
50. Jood, S., Chauhan, B.M., Kapoor, A.C., Polyphenols of chickpea and blackgram as affected by domestic processing and cooking methods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 39:2 (1987), 145–149.
51. Joshi, P.K., Parthasarathy Rao, P., Gowda, c.L.L., Jones, R.B., Silim, S.N., Saxena, K.B., Jagdish, K., The world chickpea and pigeonpea economies: Facts, trends, and outlook. Retrieved from Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India, 2001.
52. Jukanti, A.K., Gaur, P.M., Gowda, C.L., Chibbar, R.N., Nutritional quality and health benefits of chickpea (cicer arietinum L.): A review. British Journal of Nutrition 108:Suppl 1 (2012), S11–S26, 10.1017/S0007114512000797 S0007114512000797 [pii].
53. Kang, M.Y., Kim, S.M., Rico, C.W., Lee, S.C., Hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of rice bran and phytic acid in high fat-fed mice. Food Science and Biotechnology 21:1 (2012), 123–128.
54. Khan, M.A., Jacobsen, I., Eggum, B.O., Nutritive value of some improved varieties of legumes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 30:4 (1979), 395–400.
55. Khattak, A.B., Zeb, A., Bibi, N., Impact of germination time and type of illumination on carotenoidcontent, protein solubility and in vitro protein digestibility of chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.) sprouts. Food Chemistry 109:4 (2008), 797–801, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.046 S0308–8146(08)00122-2 [pii].
56. Kumar, J., Abbo, S., Genetics of flowering time in chickpea and its bearing on productivity in semiarid environments. Advances in Agronomy 72 (2000), 107–138.
57. Kumar, V., Rani, A., Goyal, L., Dixit, A.K., Manjaya, J.G., Dev, J., Swamy, M., Sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soybean seeds as influenced by genotype and growing location. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58:8 (2010), 5081–5085, 10.1021/jf903141s.
58. Ladizinsky, G., Plant evolution under domestication. 1998, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
59. Ladizinsky, G., Abbo, S., The search for wild relatives of cool season legumes. 2015, Springer International Publishing, Heidelberg.
60. Lev-Yadun, S., Gopher, A., Abbo, S., Archaeology. The cradle of agriculture. Science 288:5471 (2000), 1602–1603.
61. Lichtenzveig, J., Bonfil, D.J., Zhang, H.B., Shtienberg, D., Abbo, S., Mapping quantitative trait loci affecting time to flowering and response to Ascochyta blight in chickpea. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 113 (2006), 1357–1369.
62. Liu, L.H., Hung, T.V., Bennett, L., Extraction and characterization of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) albumin and globulin. Journal of Food Science 73:5 (2008), C299–C305, 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00773.x JFDS773 [pii].
63. Maccaferri, S., Klinder, A., Cacciatore, S., Chitarrari, R., Honda, H., Luchinat, C.,.. Costabile, A., In vitro fermentation of potential prebiotic flours from natural sources: Impact on the human colonic microbiota and metabolome. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 56:8 (2012), 1342–1352, 10.1002/mnfr.201200046.
64. Madhukumar, M.S., Muralikrishna, G., Fermentation of xylo-oligosaccharides obtained from wheat bran and Bengal gram husk by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Journal of Food Science and Technology 49:6 (2012), 745–752, 10.1007/s13197-010-0226-7 226 [pii].
65. Malunga, L.N., Bar-El Dadon, S., Zinal, E., Berkovich, Z., Abbo, S., Reifen, R., The potential use of chickpeas in development of infant follow-on formula. Nutrition Journal, 13, 2014, 8, 10.1186/1475-2891-13-8 1475-2891-13-8 [pii].
66. Martinez San Ireneo, M., Ibanez, M.D., Sanchez, J.J., Carnes, J., Fernandez-Caldas, E., Clinical features of legume allergy in children from a Mediterranean area. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 101:2 (2008), 179–184.
67. Murty, C.M., Pittaway, J.K., Ball, M.J., Chickpea supplementation in an Australian diet affects food choice, satiety and bowel health. Appetite 54:2 (2010), 282–288, 10.1016/j.appet.2009.11.012 S0195–6663(09)00673-4 [pii].
68. Nene, Y.L., A review of ascochyta blight of chickpea. Tropical Pest Management 28 (1982), 61–70.
69. Nestel, P., Cehun, M., Chronopoulos, A., Effects of long-term consumption and single meals of chickpeas on plasma glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol concentrations. America Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79:3 (2004), 390–395.
70. Nikolopoulou, D., Grigorakis, K., Stasini, M., Alexis, M., Iliadis, K., Effects of cultivation area and year on proximate composition and antinutrients in three different kabuli-type chickpea (Cicer arientinum) varieties. European Food Research and Technology 223:6 (2006), 737–741.
71. Nordlee, J.A., Taylor, S.L., Townsend, J.A., Thomas, L.A., Bush, R.K., Identification of a Brazil-nut allergen in transgenic soybeans. The New England Journal of Medicine 334:11 (1996), 688–692, 10.1056/NEJM199603143341103.
72. Pinhasi van Oss, R., Sherman, A., Zhang, H.B., Vandemark, G., Clarice, C., Abbo, S., Vernalization response of domesticated × wild chickpea progeny is subject to strong genotype by environment interaction. Plant Breeding 135 (2015), 102–110, 10.1111/pbr.12325.
73. Pittaway, J.K., Robertson, I.K., Ball, M.J., Chickpeas may influence fatty acid and fiber intake in an ad libitum diet, leading to small improvements in serum lipid profile and glycemic control. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 108:6 (2008), 1009–1013, 10.1016/j.jada.2008.03.009S0002–8223(08)00318-0 [pii].
74. Rachwa-Rosiak, D., Nebesny, E., Budryn, G., Chickpeas-composition, nutritional value, health benefits, application to bread and snacks: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 55:8 (2015), 1137–1145, 10.1080/10408398.2012.687418.
75. Rincon, F., Martinez, B., Ibanez, M.V., Proximate composition and antinutritive substances in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) as affected by the biotype factor. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 78 (1998), 382–388.
76. Rosin, M.P., Lajolo, M.F., Menezes, W.E., Measurement and characterization of dietary starches. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 15 (2002), 367–377.
77. Rubiales, D., Fondevilla, S., Future prospects for ascochyta blight resistance breeding in cool season food legumes. Frontiers in Plant Science, 3, 2012, 27, 10.3389/fpls.2012.00027.
78. Sanders, T.A., Oakley, F.R., Miller, G.J., Mitropoulos, K.A., Crook, D., Oliver, M.F., Influence of n-6 versus n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets low in saturated fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins and hemostatic factors. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 17:12 (1997), 3449–3460.
79. Saura-Calixto, F., Garcia-Alonso, A., Goni, I., Bravo, L., In vitro determination of the indigestible fraction in foods: An alternative to dietary fiber analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48:8 (2000), 3342–3347 jf0000373 [pii].
80. Seifert, S., Watzl, B., Inulin and oligofructose: Review of experimental data on immune modulation. Journal of Nutrition 137:11 Suppl (2007), 2563S–2567S 137/11/2563S [pii].
81. Selle, P.H., Ravindran, V., Caldwell, A., Bryden, W.L., Phytate and phytase: Consequences for protein utilisation. Nutrition Research Reviews 13:2 (2000), 255–278, 10.1079/095442200108729098 S0954422400000755 [pii].
82. Shamsuddin, A.M., Anti-cancer function of phytic acid. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 37:7 (2002), 769–782.
83. Shil, M., Olson, J., Shike, M., Ross, C., Modern nutrition in health and disease. 10 ed., 2006, Lippictt Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
84. Shtienberg, D.E., Gamliel-Atinsky, B., Brener, R.S., Dinoor, A., Significance of preventing primary infections by Didymella rabieiand development of a model to estimate the maturity of pseudothecia. Plant Diseases 89 (2005), 1027–1034.
85. Shtienberg, D., Vintal, H., Brener, S., Retig, B., Rational management of Didymella rabiei in chickpea by integration of genotype resistance and postinfection application of fungicides. Phytopathology 90:8 (2000), 834–842, 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.8.834.
86. Siddique, K.H.M., Sykes, J., Pulse production in Australia: Past, present, and future. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37:1 (1997), 103–111.
87. Silva-Cristobal, L., Osorio-Díaz, P., Tovar, J., Bello-Pérez, L.A., Chemical composition, carbohydrate digestibility, and antioxidant capacity of cooked black bean, chickpea, and lentil Mexican varieties Composición química, digestibilidad de carbohidratos, y capacidad antioxidante de variedades mexicanas cocidas de frijol negro, garbanzo, y lenteja. CyTA - Journal of Food 8:1 (2010), 7–14, 10.1080/19476330903119218.
88. Singh, P.K., Shrivastava, N., Sharma, B., Bhagyawant, S.S., Effect of domestic processes on chickpea seeds for antinutritional contents and their divergence. American Journal of Food Science and Technology 3:4 (2015), 111–117.
89. Suarez Lopez, M.M., Kizlansky, A., Lopez, L.B., [Assessment of protein quality in foods by calculating the amino acids score corrected by digestibility]. Nutrición Hospitalaria 21:1 (2006), 47–51.
90. Testa, G., Pavone, V., Mangano, S., Riccioli, M., Arancio, A., Evola, F.R.,.. Sessa, G., Normal nutritional components and effects on bone metabolism in prevention of osteoporosis. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents 29:3 (2015), 729–736 26 [pii].
91. Trumbo, P.R., Pantothenic acid. Ross, A.C., Caballero, B., Cousins, R.J., Tucker, K.L., Ziegler, T.R., (eds.) Modern nutrition in health and disease, 11 ed, 2014, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 351–357.
92. Turkulov, J., Dirnic, E., Karlovic, D., Percic, I., Zubic, Z., Quality of edible nonrefined sunflower oil with different fatty acid composition. (Beijing/Shenyang) Paper presented at the 14th international sunflower conference, 2006, 12–20 June 2006.
93. USDA, U. S. D. o. A., National nutrient database for standard reference. 2010 http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/.
94. Vavilov, N.I., The phytogeographic basis of plant breeding the origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. 1951, The Ronald Press Company, New York.
95. Victora, C.G., Adair, L., Fall, C., Hallal, P.C., Martorell, R., Richter, L., Sachdev, H.S., Maternal and child undernutrition: Consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet 371:9609 (2008), 340–357, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61692-4 S0140–6736(07)61692-4 [pii].
96. Vos, A.G., Preclinical studies on the immune modulatory effects of dietary oligosaccharides. Ph.D. thesis, 2008, Maastricht University, Netherlands.
97. WHO, Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. (Retrieved from Geneva), 2001.
98. WHO, Iron deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, prevention, and control. (A guide for programme managers. Retrieved from), 2001.
99. WHO, Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic disease. Report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consulation. Technical Report Series 619. Retrieved from Geneva, 2003.
100. WHO, IARC monographs volume 112: Evaluation of five organophosphate insecticides and herbicides. (Retrieved from), 2015.
101. Wood, J.A., Grusak, M.A., Nutritional value of chickpea. Yadav, S.S., Redden, R., Chen, W., Sharma, B., (eds.) Chickpea breeding and management, 2007, CAB International, Wallingford, 101–142.
102. Wood, J.A., Grusak, M.A., Nutritional value of chickpea. Yadav, S.S., Redden, B., Chen, W., Sharma, B., (eds.) Chickpea breeding and management, 2007, CAB International, Wallingford, 101–142.
103. Xiaoli, X., Yang, L., Shuang, H., Li, W., Yi, S., Hao, M.,.. Zeng, X., Determination of oligosaccharide contents in 19 cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) seeds by high performance liquid chromatography. Food Chemistry 111:1 (2008), 215–219, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.039.
104. Xu, B.J., Yuan, S.H., Chang, S.K., Comparative analyses of phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and color of cool season legumes and other selected food legumes. Journal of Food Science 72:2 (2007), S167–S177, 10.1111/j.1750–3841.2006.00261.x JFDS261 [pii].
105. Yadav, S.S., Redden, R.J., Chen, W., Sharma, B., Chickpea breeding and management. 2007, CABI.
106. Yang, Y., Zhou, L., Gu, Y., Zhang, Y., Tang, J., Li, F.,.. Chen, M., Dietary chickpeas reverse visceral adiposity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance in rats induced by a chronic high-fat diet. The British Journal of Nutrition 98:4 (2007), 720–726, 10.1017/S0007114507750870 S0007114507750870 [pii].
107. Yan, M., Song, Y., Wong, C.P., Hardin, K., Ho, E., Zinc deficiency alters DNA damage response genes in normal human prostate epithelial cells. Journal of Nutrition 138:4 (2008), 667–673 138/4/667 [pii].
108. Ye, X., Al-Babili, S., Kloti, A., Zhang, J., Lucca, P., Beyer, P., Potrykus, I., Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm. Science 287:5451 (2000), 303–305 8191 [pii].
109. Zajdel, A., Wilczok, A., Weglarz, L., Dzierzewicz, Z., Phytic acid inhibits lipid peroxidation in vitro. BioMed Research International, 2013, 2013, 147307, 10.1155/2013/147307.
110. Zia-Ul-Haq, M., Iqbal, S., Ahmad, S., Imran, M., Niaz, A., Bhanger, M.I., Nutritional and compositional study of Desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars grown in Punjab, Pakistan. Food Chemistry 105:4 (2007), 1357–1363.
111. Zohary, D., Hopf, M., Weiss, E., Domestication of plants in the old world. 2012, Oxford University Press, Oxford.