Th2 responses are primed by skin dendritic cells with distinct transcriptional profiles

Journal of Experimental Medicine

Volumn 214, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 125-142

  Connor, Lisa M ^a   Tang, Shiau Choot ^a   Cognard, Emmanuelle ^a   Ochiai, Sotaro ^a,b   Hilligan, Kerry L ^a,b   Old, Samuel I ^a   Pellefigues, Christophe ^a   White, Ruby F ^a   Patel, Deepa ^a   Smith, Adam Alexander T ^a   Eccles, David A ^a   Lamiable, Olivier ^a   McConnell, Melanie J ^c   Ronchese, Franca ^a,c  

^a MALAGHAN INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

^c VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

B7 ANTIGEN; CD103 ANTIGEN; CD11B ANTIGEN; CD86 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR5; GAMMA INTERFERON INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 10; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 130; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERFERON RECEPTOR; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 4; INTERLEUKIN 12P35; INTERLEUKIN 23P19; INTERLEUKIN 25; INTERLEUKIN 33; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 4 RECEPTOR ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 9 RECEPTOR; MACROPHAGE DERIVED CHEMOKINE; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1ALPHA; MESSENGER RNA; METHYL CPG BINDING PROTEIN 2; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; OX40 LIGAND; PHTHALIC ACID DIBUTYL ESTER; RANTES; STAT5A PROTEIN; STAT5B PROTEIN; STAT6 PROTEIN; THYMUS AND ACTIVATION REGULATED CHEMOKINE; ALPHA BETA INTERFERON RECEPTOR; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR; IFNAR1 PROTEIN, MOUSE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INTERFERON; TSLPR PROTEIN, MOUSE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DENDRITIC CELL; GENE EXPRESSION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INNATE IMMUNITY; MOUSE; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS BRASILIENSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; SKIN; TH2 CELL; UPREGULATION; ANIMAL; C57BL MOUSE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; IMMUNOLOGY; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; DENDRITIC CELLS; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; INTERFERON TYPE I; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS; RECEPTOR, INTERFERON ALPHA-BETA; RECEPTORS, CYTOKINE; SKIN; TH2 CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 85008489960     PISSN: 00221007     EISSN: 15409538     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160470     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Alferink, J., I. Lieberam, W. Reindl, A. Behrens, S. Weiss, N. Hüser, K. Gerauer, R. Ross, A.B. Reske-Kunz, P. Ahmad-Nejad, et al. 2003. Compartmentalized production of CCL17 in vivo: strong inducibility in peripheral dendritic cells contrasts selective absence from the spleen. J. Exp. Med. 197:585-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20021859
2. + T cell development. J. Exp. Med. 200:159-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20031975
3. Anders, S., and W. Huber. 2010. Differential expression analysis for sequence count data. Genome Biol. 11:R106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2010-11-10-r106
4. Bell, B.D., M. Kitajima, R.P. Larson, T.A. Stoklasek, K. Dang, K. Sakamoto, K.U. Wagner, D.H. Kaplan, B. Reizis, L. Hennighausen, and S.F. Ziegler. 2013. The transcription factor STAT5 is critical in dendritic cells for the development of TH2 but not TH1 responses. Nat. Immunol. 14:364-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2541
5. Blasius, A.L., E. Giurisato, M. Cella, R.D. Schreiber, A.S. Shaw, and M. Colonna. 2006. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is a specific marker of type I IFN-producing cells in the naive mouse, but a promiscuous cell surface antigen following IFN stimulation. J. Immunol. 177:3260-3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.3260
6. + T-helper cell subsets in the context of helminth parasiteinfection. Front. Immunol. 5:487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00487
7. Camberis, M., M. Prout, S.C. Tang, E. Forbes-Blom, M. Robinson, R. Kyle, Y. Belkaid, W. Paul, and G. Le Gros. 2013. Evaluating the in vivo Th2 priming potential among common allergens. J. Immunol. Methods. 394:62-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2013.05.004
8. Carroll, E.C., L. Jin, A. Mori, N. Muñoz-Wolf, E. Oleszycka, H.B. Moran, S. Mansouri, C.P. McEntee, E. Lambe, E.M. Agger, et al. 2016. The vaccine adjuvant chitosan promotes cellular immunity via DNA sensor cGASSTI NG-dependent induction of type I interferons. Immunity. 44:597-608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.004
9. Chan, P.Y., E.A. Carrera Silva, D. De Kouchkovsky, L.D. Joannas, L. Hao, D. Hu, S. Huntsman, C. Eng, P. Licona-Limón, J.S. Weinstein, et al. 2016. The TAM family receptor tyrosine kinase TYRO3 is a negative regulator of type 2 immunity. Science. 352:99-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf1358
10. + T cells to IL-4 production in vivo. J. Immunol. 193:2709-2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1400374
11. Cook, P.C., H. Owen, A.M. Deaton, J.G. Borger, S.L. Brown, T. Clouaire, G.R. Jones, L.H. Jones, R.J. Lundie, A.K. Marley, et al. 2015. A dominant role for the methyl-CpG-binding protein Mbd2 in controlling Th2 induction by dendritic cells. Nat. Commun. 6:6920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7920
12. Dalod, M., R. Chelbi, B. Malissen, and T. Lawrence. 2014. Dendritic cell maturation: functional specialization through signaling specificity and transcriptional programming. EMBO J. 33:1104-1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/embj.201488027
13. del Fresno, C., D. Soulat, S. Roth, K. Blazek, I. Udalova, D. Sancho, J. Ruland, and C. Ardavín. 2013. Interferon-ß production via Dectin-1-Syk-IRF5 signaling in dendritic cells is crucial for immunity to C. albicans. Immunity. 38:1176-1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.05.010
14. Dent, A.L., A.L. Shaffer, X. Yu, D. Allman, and L.M. Staudt. 1997. Control of inflammation, cytokine expression, and germinal center formation by BCL-6. Science. 276:589-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5312.589
15. Duerr, C.U., C.D. McCarthy, B.C. Mindt, M. Rubio, A.P. Meli, J. Pothlichet, M.M. Eva, J.F. Gauchat, S.T. Qureshi, B.D. Mazer, et al. 2016. Type I interferon restricts type 2 immunopathology through the regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat. Immunol. 17:65-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.3308
16. Edelson, B.T., W. Kc, R. Juang, M. Kohyama, L.A. Benoit, P.A. Klekotka, C. Moon, J.C. Albring, W. Ise, D.G. Michael, et al. 2010. Peripheral CD103+ dendritic cells form a unified subset developmentally related to CD8alpha+ conventional dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 207:823-836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20091627
17. Everts, B., R. Tussiwand, L. Dreesen, K.C. Fairfax, S.C. Huang, A.M. Smith, C.M. O'Neill, W.Y. Lam, B.T. Edelson, J.F. Urban Jr., et al. 2016. Migratory CD103+ dendritic cells suppress helminth-driven type 2 immunity through constitutive expression of IL-12. J. Exp. Med. 213:35-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20150235
18. Fujita, H., A. Shemer, M. Suárez-Fariñas, L.M. Johnson-Huang, S. Tintle, I. Cardinale, J. Fuentes-Duculan, I. Novitskaya, J.A. Carucci, J.G. Krueger, and E. Guttman-Yassky. 2011. Lesional dendritic cells in patients with chronic atopic dermatitis and psoriasis exhibit parallel ability to activate T-cell subsets. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 128:574-82.e1: 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.016
19. Futagawa, T., H. Akiba, T. Kodama, K. Takeda, Y. Hosoda, H. Yagita, and K. Okumura. 2002. Expression and function of 4-1BB and 4-1BB ligand on murine dendritic cells. Int. Immunol. 14:275-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/14.3.275
20. Gao, Y., S.A. Nish, R. Jiang, L. Hou, P. Licona-Limón, J.S. Weinstein, H. Zhao, and R. Medzhitov. 2013. Control of T helper 2 responses by transcription factor IRF4-dependent dendritic cells. Immunity. 39:722-732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.028
21. Gros, E., C. Bussmann, T. Bieber, I. Förster, and N. Novak. 2009. Expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in lesional and nonlesional upper skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 124:753-60.e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.004
22. Guarda, G., M. Braun, F. Staehli, A. Tardivel, C. Mattmann, I. Förster, M. Farlik, T. Decker, R.A. Du Pasquier, P. Romero, and J. Tschopp. 2011. Type I interferon inhibits interleukin-1 production and inflammasome activation. Immunity. 34:213-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2011.02.006
23. Gupta, S., M. Jiang, A. Anthony, and A.B. Pernis. 1999. Lineage-specific modulation of interleukin 4 signaling by interferon regulatory factor 4. J. Exp. Med. 190:1837-1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.12.1837
24. Halim, T.Y., C.A. Steer, L. Mathä, M.J. Gold, I. Martinez-Gonzalez, K.M. McNagny, A.N. McKenzie, and F. Takei. 2014. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are critical for the initiation of adaptive T helper 2 cell-mediated allergic lung inflammation. Immunity. 40:425-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.01.011
25. Halim, T.Y., Y.Y. Hwang, S.T. Scanlon, H. Zaghouani, N. Garbi, P.G. Fallon, and A.N. McKenzie. 2016. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells license dendritic cells to potentiate memory TH2 cell responses. Nat. Immunol. 17:57-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.3294
26. Hammad, H., M. Plantinga, K. Deswarte, P. Pouliot, M.A.M. Willart, M. Kool, F. Muskens, and B.N. Lambrecht. 2010. Inflammatory dendritic cells-not basophils-are necessary and sufficient for induction of Th2 immunity to inhaled house dust mite allergen. J. Exp. Med. 207:2097-2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101563
27. Hildner, K., B.T. Edelson, W.E. Purtha, M. Diamond, H. Matsushita, M. Kohyama, B. Calderon, B.U. Schraml, E.R. Unanue, M.S. Diamond, et al. 2008. Batf3 deficiency reveals a critical role for CD8alpha+ dendritic cells in cytotoxic T cell immunity. Science. 322:1097-1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1164206
28. Huang, Q., D. Liu, P. Majewski, L.C. Schulte, J.M. Korn, R.A. Young, E.S. Lander, and N. Hacohen. 2001. The plasticity of dendritic cell responses to pathogens and their components. Science. 294:870-875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5543.870
29. Hu-Li, J., C. Pannetier, L. Guo, M. Löhning, H. Gu, C. Watson, M. Assenmacher, A. Radbruch, and W.E. Paul. 2001. Regulation of expression of IL-4 alleles: analysis using a chimeric GFP/IL-4 gene. Immunity. 14:1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00084-X
30. Hussaarts, L., M. Yazdanbakhsh, and B. Guigas. 2014. Priming dendritic cells for th2 polarization: lessons learned from helminths and implications for metabolic disorders. Front. Immunol. 5:499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00499
31. Ito, T., Y.H. Wang, O. Duramad, T. Hori, G.J. Delespesse, N. Watanabe, F.X. Qin, Z. Yao, W. Cao, and Y.J. Liu. 2005. TSLP-activated dendritic cells induce an inflammatory T helper type 2 cell response through OX40 ligand. J. Exp. Med. 202:1213-1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20051135
32. + T cell responses to intracellular pathogens fail to default to a Th2 pattern and are host protective in an IL-10(-/-) setting. Immunity. 16:429-439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00278-9
33. Kissenpfennig, A., S. Henri, B. Dubois, C. Laplace-Builhé, P. Perrin, N. Romani, C.H. Tripp, P. Douillard, L. Leserman, D. Kaiserlian, et al. 2005. Dynamics and function of Langerhans cells in vivo: dermal dendritic cells colonize lymph node areas distinct from slower migrating Langerhans cells. Immunity. 22:643-654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2005.04.004
34. Kitajima, M., and S.F. Ziegler. 2013. Cutting edge: identification of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin-responsive dendritic cell subset critical for initiation of type 2 contact hypersensitivity. J. Immunol. 191:4903-4907. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1302175
35. Kumamoto, Y., M. Linehan, J.S. Weinstein, B.J. Laidlaw, J.E. Craft, and A. Iwasaki. 2013. CD301b+ dermal dendritic cells drive T helper 2 cellmediated immunity. Immunity. 39:733-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.029
36. Larson, R.P., S.C. Zimmerli, M.R. Comeau, A. Itano, M. Omori, M. Iseki, C. Hauser, and S.F. Ziegler. 2010. Dibutyl phthalate-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin is required for Th2 contact hypersensitivity responses. J. Immunol. 184:2974-2984. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0803478
37. + Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant. J. Exp. Med. 206:1589-1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090247
38. Manh, T.P., Y. Alexandre, T. Baranek, K. Crozat, and M. Dalod. 2013. Plasmacytoid, conventional, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells undergo a profound and convergent genetic reprogramming during their maturation. Eur. J. Immunol. 43:1706-1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201243106
39. Massacand, J.C., R.C. Stettler, R. Meier, N.E. Humphreys, R.K. Grencis, B.J. Marsland, and N.L. Harris. 2009. Helminth products bypass the need for TSLP in Th2 immune responses by directly modulating dendritic cell function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106:13968-13973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906367106
40. Miller, J.C., B.D. Brown, T. Shay, E.L. Gautier, V. Jojic, A. Cohain, G. Pandey, M. Leboeuf, K.G. Elpek, J. Helft, et al. Immunological Genome Consortium. 2012. Deciphering the transcriptional network of the dendritic cell lineage. Nat. Immunol. 13:888-899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2370
41. Murakami, R., K. Denda-Nagai, S. Hashimoto, S. Nagai, M. Hattori, and T. Irimura. 2013. A unique dermal dendritic cell subset that skews the immune response toward Th2. PLoS One. 8:e73270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073270
42. Niessen, F., F. Schaffner, C. Furlan-Freguia, R. Pawlinski, G. Bhattacharjee, J. Chun, C.K. Derian, P. Andrade-Gordon, H. Rosen, and W. Ruf. 2008. Dendritic cell PAR1-S1P3 signalling couples coagulation and inflammation. Nature. 452:654-658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06663
43. + T Cell Expansion and Effector Function through Direct Repression of Irf4. J. Immunol. 195:3515-3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1403027
44. Ochiai, S., B. Roediger, A. Abtin, E. Shklovskaya, B. Fazekas de St Groth, H. Yamane, W. Weninger, G. Le Gros, and F. Ronchese. 2014. CD326lo CD103lo CD11blo dermal dendritic cells are activated by thymic stromal lymphopoietin during contact sensitization in mice. J. Immunol. 193:2504-2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1400536
45. Oyoshi, M.K., R.P. Larson, S.F. Ziegler, and R.S. Geha. 2010. Mechanical injury polarizes skin dendritic cells to elicit a T(H)2 response by inducing cutaneous thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 126:976-984: 984.e1-984.e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.08.041
46. Paul, W.E., and J. Zhu. 2010. How are T(H)2-type immune responses initiated and amplified? Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10:225-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2735
47. Phythian-Adams, A.T., P.C. Cook, R.J. Lundie, L.H. Jones, K.A. Smith, T.A. Barr, K. Hochweller, S.M. Anderton, G.J. Hämmerling, R.M. Maizels, and A.S. MacDonald. 2010. CD11c depletion severely disrupts Th2 induction and development in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 207:2089-2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20100734
48. Pletinckx, K., B. Stijlemans, V. Pavlovic, R. Laube, C. Brandl, S. Kneitz, A. Beschin, P. De Baetselier, and M.B. Lutz. 2011. Similar inflammatory DC maturation signatures induced by TNF or Trypanosoma brucei antigens instruct default Th2-cell responses. Eur. J. Immunol. 41:3479-3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201141631
49. Pulendran, B., and D. Artis. 2012. New paradigms in type 2 immunity. Science. 337:431-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1221064
50. Rengarajan, J., K.A. Mowen, K.D. McBride, E.D. Smith, H. Singh, and L.H. Glimcher. 2002. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) interacts with NFATc2 to modulate interleukin 4 gene expression. J. Exp. Med. 195:1003-1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20011128
51. Roediger, B., R. Kyle, K.H. Yip, N. Sumaria, T.V. Guy, B.S. Kim, A.J. Mitchell, S.S. Tay, R. Jain, E. Forbes-Blom, et al. 2013. Cutaneous immunosurveillance and regulation of inflammation by group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat. Immunol. 14:564-573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.2584
52. Rothlin, C.V., E.A. Carrera-Silva, L. Bosurgi, and S. Ghosh. 2015. TAM receptor signaling in immune homeostasis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 33:355-391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112103
53. Rusinova, I., S. Forster, S. Yu, A. Kannan, M. Masse, H. Cumming, R. Chapman, and P.J. Hertzog. 2013. Interferome v2.0: an updated database of annotated interferon-regulated genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 41(D1):D1040-D1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1215
54. Smeekens, S.P., A. Ng, V. Kumar, M.D. Johnson, T.S. Plantinga, C. van Diemen, P. Arts, E.T. Verwiel, M.S. Gresnigt, K. Fransen, et al. 2013. Functional genomics identifies type I interferon pathway as central for host defense against Candida albicans. Nat. Commun. 4:1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2343
55. Smith, K.A., K. Hochweller, G.J. Hämmerling, L. Boon, A.S. MacDonald, and R.M. Maizels. 2011. Chronic helminth infection promotes immune regulation in vivo through dominance of CD11cloCD103-dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 186:7098-7109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1003636
56. Smith, K.A., Y. Harcus, N. Garbi, G.J. Hämmerling, A.S. MacDonald, and R.M. Maizels. 2012. Type 2 innate immunity in helminth infection is induced redundantly and acts autonomously following CD11c+ cell depletion. Infect. Immun. 80:3481-3489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00436-12
57. Smits, H.H., E.C. de Jong, J.H. Schuitemaker, T.B. Geijtenbeek, Y. van Kooyk, M.L. Kapsenberg, and E.A. Wierenga. 2002. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1/LFA-1 ligation favors human Th1 development. J. Immunol. 168:1710-1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.1710
58. Soumelis, V., P.A. Reche, H. Kanzler, W. Yuan, G. Edward, B. Homey, M. Gilliet, S. Ho, S. Antonenko, A. Lauerma, et al. 2002. Human epithelial cells trigger dendritic cell mediated allergic inflammation by producing TSLP. Nat. Immunol. 3:673-680.
59. Tamoutounour, S., M. Guilliams, F. Montanana Sanchis, H. Liu, D. Terhorst, C. Malosse, E. Pollet, L. Ardouin, H. Luche, C. Sanchez, et al. 2013. Origins and functional specialization of macrophages and of conventional and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in mouse skin. Immunity. 39:925-938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.004
60. Taylor, B.C., C. Zaph, A.E. Troy, Y. Du, K.J. Guild, M.R. Comeau, and D. Artis. 2009. TSLP regulates intestinal immunity and inflammation in mouse models of helminth infection and colitis. J. Exp. Med. 206:655-667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20081499
61. Travis, M.A., B. Reizis, A.C. Melton, E. Masteller, Q. Tang, J.M. Proctor, Y. Wang, X. Bernstein, X. Huang, L.F. Reichardt, et al. 2007. Loss of integrin alpha(v)beta8 on dendritic cells causes autoimmunity and colitis in mice. Nature. 449:361-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06110
62. Trinchieri, G. 2010. Type I interferon: friend or foe? J. Exp. Med. 207:2053-2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101664
63. Trottein, F., N. Pavelka, C. Vizzardelli, V. Angeli, C.S. Zouain, M. Pelizzola, M. Capozzoli, M. Urbano, M. Capron, F. Belardelli, et al. 2004. A type I IFNdependent pathway induced by Schistosoma mansoni eggs in mouse myeloid dendritic cells generates an inflammatory signature. J. Immunol. 172:3011-3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.3011
64. Tussiwand, R., B. Everts, G.E. Grajales-Reyes, N.M. Kretzer, A. Iwata, J. Bagaitkar, X. Wu, R. Wong, D.A. Anderson, T.L. Murphy, et al. 2015. Klf4 expression in conventional dendritic cells is required for T helper 2 cell responses. Immunity. 42:916-928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.04.017
65. van der Pouw Kraan, T.C., A. Zwiers, C.J. Mulder, G. Kraal, and G. Bouma. 2009. Acute experimental colitis and human chronic inflammatory diseases share expression of inflammation-related genes with conserved Ets2 binding sites. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 15:224-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20747
66. Wilcox, R.A., A.I. Chapoval, K.S. Gorski, M. Otsuji, T. Shin, D.B. Flies, K. Tamada, R.S. Mittler, H. Tsuchiya, D.M. Pardoll, and L. Chen. 2002. Cutting edge: Expression of functional CD137 receptor by dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 168:4262-4267. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4262
67. Williams, J.W., M.Y. Tjota, B.S. Clay, B. Vander Lugt, H.S. Bandukwala, C.L. Hrusch, D.C. Decker, K.M. Blaine, B.R. Fixsen, H. Singh, et al. 2013. Transcription factor IRF4 drives dendritic cells to promote Th2 differentiation. Nat. Commun. 4:2990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3990
68. Wolvetang, E.J., T.J. Wilson, E. Sanij, J. Busciglio, T. Hatzistavrou, A. Seth, P.J. Hertzog, and I. Kola. 2003. ETS2 overexpression in transgenic models and in Down syndrome predisposes to apoptosis via the p53 pathway. Hum. Mol. Genet. 12:247-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddg015
69. Yang, J., M.F. Siqueira, Y. Behl, M. Alikhani, and D.T. Graves. 2008. The transcription factor ST18 regulates proapoptotic and proinflammatory gene expression in fibroblasts. FAS EB J. 22:3956-3967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-111013
70. Yoshida, Y., R. Yoshimi, H. Yoshii, D. Kim, A. Dey, H. Xiong, J. Munasinghe, I. Yazawa, M.J. O'Donovan, O.A. Maximova, et al. 2014. The transcription factor IRF8 activates integrin-mediated TGF-ß signaling and promotes neuroinflammation. Immunity. 40:187-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.022
71. Zhang, T.T., D. Liu, S. Calabro, S.C. Eisenbarth, G. Cattoretti, and A.M. Haberman. 2014. Dynamic expression of BCL6 in murine conventional dendritic cells during in vivo development and activation. PLoS One. 9:e101208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101208
72. Zhong, J., J. Sharma, R. Raju, S.M. Palapetta, T.S. Prasad, T.C. Huang, A. Yoda, J.W. Tyner, D. van Bodegom, D.M. Weinstock, et al. 2014. TSLP signaling pathway map: a platform for analysis of TSLP-mediated signaling. Database (Oxford). 2014:bau007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/database/bau007