Mathematical model on Alzheimer's disease

BMC Systems Biology

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Hao, Wenrui ^a   Friedman, Avner ^b  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer disease; Drug treatment; Mathematical modeling

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; CCL2 PROTEIN, HUMAN; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; PROTEIN AGGREGATE; TAU PROTEIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; ASTROCYTE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CHEMISTRY; CYTOLOGY; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFECTS; HUMAN; MACROPHAGE; METABOLISM; MICROGLIA; NERVE CELL; PATHOLOGY; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN MULTIMERIZATION; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES; ASTROCYTES; CHEMOKINE CCL2; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; MACROPHAGES; MICROGLIA; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEURONS; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN AGGREGATES; PROTEIN MULTIMERIZATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, SECONDARY; TAU PROTEINS; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 84996836209     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17520509     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0348-2     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Gatz M, Reynolds CA, Fratiglioni L, Johansson B, Mortimer JA, Berg S, Fiske A, Pedersen NL. Role of genes and environments for explaining Alzheimer disease. Arch Gen Psychiat. 2006; 63(2):168-74.
2. Wilson RS, Barral S, Lee JH, Leurgans SE, Foroud TM, Sweet RA, Graff-Radford N, Bird TD, Mayeux R, Bennett DA. Heritability of different forms of memory in the Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011; 23(2):249-55.
3. Alzheimers, N.: 2015 Alzheimer's Statistics. 2016. http://www.alzheimers.net/resources/alzheimers-statistics/. Accessed 1 Sept 2016.
4. Liu Z, Li P, Wu J, Yi W, Ping L, Xinxin H, et al. The Cascade of Oxidative Stress and Tau Protein Autophagic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimer's Dis Challenges Future. 2015;2. doi: 10.5772/59980.
5. Seeman P, Seeman N. Alzheimer's disease: beta-amyloid plaque formation in human brain. Synapse. 2011; 65(12):1289-97.
6. Kremer A, Louis JV, Jaworski T, Van Leuven F. GSK3 and Alzheimer's Disease: Facts and Fiction. Front Mol Neurosci. 2011; 4:17.
7. Bloom GS. Amyloid-beta and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. JAMA Neurol. 2014; 71(4):505-8.
8. Mondragon-Rodriguez S, Perry G, Zhu X, Boehm J. Amyloid Beta and tau proteins as therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease treatment: rethinking the current strategy. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2012; 2012:630182.
9. Wray S, Noble W. Linking amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease: the role of membrane cholesterol in Abeta-mediated tau toxicity. J Neurosci. 2009; 29(31):9665-7.
10. Mokhtar SH, Bakhuraysah MM, Cram DS, Petratos S. The Beta-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease: communication breakdown by modifying the neuronal cytoskeleton. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2013; 2013:910502.
11. Joshi P, Turola E, Ruiz A, Bergami A, Libera DD, Benussi L, et. al. Microglia convert aggregated amyloid-beta into neurotoxic forms through the shedding of microvesicles. Cell Death Differ. 2014; 21(4):582-93.
12. Theriault P, ElAli A, Rivest S. The dynamics of monocytes and microglia in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2015; 7(1):41.
13. de Calignon A, Polydoro M, Suarez-Calvet M, William C, Adamowicz DH, Kopeikina KJ, et al. Propagation of tau pathology in a model of early Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. 2012; 73(4):685-97.
14. Garwood CJ, Pooler AM, Atherton J, Hanger DP, Noble W. Astrocytes are important mediators of Abeta-induced neurotoxicity and tau phosphorylation in primary culture. Cell Death Dis. 2011; 2:167.
15. Morales I, Guzman-Martinez L, Cerda-Troncoso C, Farias GA, Maccioni RB. Neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. A rational framework for the search of novel therapeutic approaches. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014; 8:112.
16. Zhao J, O'Connor T, Vassar R. The contribution of activated astrocytes to A beta production: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. J Neuroinflammation. 2011; 8:150.
17. Hohsfield LA, Humpel C. Migration of blood cells to beta-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol. 2015; 65:8-15.
18. Li C, Zhao R, Gao K, Wei Z, Yin MY, Lau LT, Chui D, Yu AC. Astrocytes: implications for neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011; 8(1):67-80.
19. Porcellini E, Ianni M, Carbone I, Franceschi M, Licastro F. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 promoter polymorphism and plasma levels in alzheimer's disease. Immun Ageing. 2013; 10(1):6.
20. Wang WY, Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan L. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Transl Med. 2015; 3(10):136.
21. Lai AY, McLaurin J. Clearance of amyloid-beta peptides by microglia and macrophages: the issue of what, when and where. Future Neurol. 2012; 7(2):165-76.
22. Bhaskar K, Maphis N, Xu G, Varvel NH, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Weick JP. et al. Microglial derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha drives Alzheimer's disease-related neuronal cell cycle events. Neurobiol Dis. 2014; 62:273-85.
23. Sharma V, Thakur V, Singh S, Guleria R. Tumor Necrosis Factor and Alzheimer's Disease: A Cause and Consequence Relationship. Klinik Psik Bull Clin Psyc. 2012; 22:86-97.
24. Boutajangout A, Sigurdsson EM, Krishnamurthy PK. Tau as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011; 8(6):666-77.
25. Hong-Qi Y, Zhi-Kun S, Sheng-Di C. Current advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: focused on considerations targeting Abeta and tau. Transl Neurodegener. 2012; 1(1):21.
26. Lansdall C. An effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease must consider both amyloid and tau. Biosci Horizons. 2014;7. doi: 10.1093/biohorizons/hzu002.
27. Wischik CM, Harrington CR, Storey JM. Tau-aggregation inhibitor therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014; 88(4):529-39.
28. Lee MH, Lin SR, Chang JY, Schultz L, Heath J, Hsu LJ, Kuo YM, Hong Q, Chiang MF, Gong CX, Sze CI, Chang NS. TGF-beta induces TIAF1 self-aggregation via type II receptor-independent signaling that leads to generation of amyloid beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis. 2010; 1:110.
29. Chao CC, Hu S, Frey WH, Ala TA, Tourtellotte WW, Peterson PK. Transforming growth factor beta in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1994; 1(1):109-10.
30. Chen JH, Ke KF, Lu JH, Qiu YH, Peng YP. Protection of TGF-beta against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Abeta1-42-induced Alzheimer's disease model rats. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(2):0116549.
31. Das P, Golde T. Dysfunction of TGF-beta signaling in Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Invest. 2006; 116(11):2855-7.
32. von Bernhardi R, Cornejo F, Parada GE, Eugenin J. Role of TGF beta signaling in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015; 9:426.
33. Wyss-Coray T. Tgf-Beta pathway as a potential target in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2006; 3(3):191-5.
34. Wyss-Coray T, Lin C, Yan F, Yu GQ, Rohde M, McConlogue L, Masliah E, Mucke L. TGF-beta1 promotes microglial amyloid-beta clearance and reduces plaque burden in transgenic mice. Nat Med. 2001; 7(5):612-8.
35. Town T, Laouar Y, Pittenger C, Mori T, Szekely CA, Tan J, et al. Blocking TGF-beta-Smad2/3 innate immune signaling mitigates Alzheimer-like pathology. Nat Med. 2008; 14(6):681-7.
36. Cochran JN, Hall AM, Roberson ED. The dendritic hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Brain Res Bull. 2014; 103:18-28.
37. Dorostkar MM, Zou C, Blazquez-Llorca L, Herms J. Analyzing dendritic spine pathology in Alzheimer's disease: problems and opportunities. Acta Neuropathol. 2015; 130(1):1-19.
38. Klyubin I, Cullen WK, Hu NW, Rowan MJ. Alzheimer's disease Abeta assemblies mediating rapid disruption of synaptic plasticity and memory. Mol Brain. 2012; 5:25.
39. Koffie RM, Hyman BT, Spires-Jones TL. Alzheimer's disease: synapses gone cold. Mol Neurodegener. 2011; 6(1):63.
40. Craft DL, Wein LM, Selkoe DJ. A mathematical model of the impact of novel treatments on the A beta burden in the Alzheimer's brain, CSF and plasma. Bull Math Biol. 2002; 64(5):1011-31.
41. Bertsch M, Franchi B, Marcello N, Tesi MC, Tosin A. Alzheimer's disease: a mathematical model for onset and progression. Math Med Biol. 2016. doi: 10.1093/imammb/dqw003.
42. Helal M, Hingant E, Pujo-Menjouet L, Webb GF. Alzheimer's disease: analysis of a mathematical model incorporating the role of prions. J Math Biol. 2014; 69(5):1207-35.
43. Puri IK, Li L. Mathematical modeling for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS ONE. 2010; 5(12):15176.
44. Lao A, Schmidt V, Schmitz Y, Willnow TE, Wolkenhauer O. Multi-compartmental modeling of SORLA's influence on amyloidogenic processing in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Syst Biol. 2012; 6:74.
45. Schmidt V, Baum K, Lao A, Rateitschak K, Schmitz Y, Teichmann A, et al. Quantitative modelling of amyloidogenic processing and its influence by SORLA in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J. 2012; 31(1):187-200.
46. Hamza T, Barnett JB, Li B. Interleukin 12 a key immunoregulatory cytokine in infection applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2010; 11(3):789-806.
47. Hao W, Crouser ED, Friedman A. Mathematical model of sarcoidosis. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 2014; 111(45):16065-70.
48. Sokolowski JD, Mandell JW. Phagocytic clearance in neurodegeneration. Am J Pathol. 2011; 178(4):1416-28.
49. Haass C, Selkoe DJ. Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007; 8(2):101-12.
50. Waters J. The concentration of soluble extracellular amyloid-beta protein in acute brain slices from CRND8 mice. PLoS ONE. 2010; 5(12):15709.
51. Muller S, Ronfani L, Bianchi ME. Regulated expression and subcellular localization of HMGB1, a chromatin protein with a cytokine function. J Intern Med. 2004; 255(3):332-43.
52. Gao HM, Zhou H, Zhang F, Wilson BC, Kam W, Hong JS. HMGB1 acts on microglia Mac1 to mediate chronic neuroinflammation that drives progressive neurodegeneration. J Neurosci. 2011; 31(3):1081-92.
53. Lotze MT, Tracey KJ. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1): nuclear weapon in the immune arsenal. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005; 5(4):331-42.
54. Zou JY, Crews FT. Release of neuronal HMGB1 by ethanol through decreased HDAC activity activates brain neuroimmune signaling. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(2):87915.
55. Savchenko VL, McKanna JA, Nikonenko IR, Skibo GG. Microglia and astrocytes in the adult rat brain: comparative immunocytochemical analysis demonstrates the efficacy of lipocortin 1 immunoreactivity. Neuroscience. 2000; 96(1):195-203.
56. Hao W, Rovin BH, Friedman A. Mathematical model of renal interstitial fibrosis. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 2014; 111(39):14193-8.
57. Roher AE, Esh CL, Kokjohn TA, Castano EM, Van Vickle GD, Kalback WM, et al. Amyloid beta peptides in human plasma and tissues and their significance for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2009; 5(1):18-29.
58. Furman JL, Sama DM, Gant JC, Beckett TL, Murphy MP, Bachstetter AD, Van Eldik LJ, Norris CM. Targeting astrocytes ameliorates neurologic changes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci. 2012; 32(46):16129-40.
59. Tobinick E, Gross H, Weinberger A, Cohen H. TNF-alpha modulation for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a 6-month pilot study. MedGenMed. 2006; 8(2):25.
60. Butchart J, Brook L, Hopkins V, Teeling J, Puntener U, Culliford D, et al. Etanercept in Alzheimer disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 trial. Neurology. 2015; 84(21):2161-8.
61. Piazza F, Winblad B. Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA) in Immunotherapy Trials for Alzheimer's Disease: Need for Prognostic Biomarkers?J Alzheimers Dis. 2016; 52(2):417-20.
62. Karran E, Hardy J. A critique of the drug discovery and phase 3 clinical programs targeting the amyloid hypothesis for Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 2014; 76(2):185-205.
63. Patel KR. Biogen's aducanumab raises hope that Alzheimer's can be treated at its source. Manag Care. 2015; 24(6):19.
64. Reardon S. Antibody drugs for Alzheimer's show glimmers of promise. Nature. 2015; 523(7562):509-10.
65. Ge S, Shrestha B, Paul D, Keating C, Cone R, Guglielmotti A, Pachter JS. The CCL2 synthesis inhibitor bindarit targets cells of the neurovascular unit, and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation. 2012; 9:171.
66. Severini C, Passeri PP, Ciotti M, Florenzano F, Possenti R, Zona C, et al.Bindarit, inhibitor of CCL2 synthesis, protects neurons against amyloid-??-induced toxicity. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014; 38(2):281-93.
67. Li JY, Ren YP, Yuan Y, Ji SM, Zhou SP, Wang LJ, Mou ZZ, Li L, Lu W, Zhou TY. Preclinical PK/PD model for combined administration of erlotinib and sunitinib in the treatment of A549 human NSCLC xenograft mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016; 37(7):930-40.
68. Nielsen EI, Cars O, Friberg LE. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices of antibiotics predicted by a semimechanistic PKPD model: a step toward model-based dose optimization. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55(10):4619-30.
69. Yuan Y, Zhou X, Ren Y, Zhou S, Wang L, Ji S, Hua M, Li L, Lu W, Zhou T. Semi-Mechanism-Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for the Combination Use of Dexamethasone and Gemcitabine in Breast Cancer. J Pharm Sci. 2015; 104(12):4399-408.
70. Bloom GS. Amyloid-beta and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. JAMA Neurol. 2014; 71(4):505-8.
71. Marino S, Hogue IB, Ray CJ, Kirschner DE. A methodology for performing global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in systems biology. J Theor Biol. 2008; 254(1):178-96.
72. Collins-Praino LE, Francis YI, Griffith EY, Wiegman AF, Urbach J, Lawton A, Honig LS, Cortes E, Vonsattel JP, Canoll PD, Goldman JE, Brickman AM. Soluble amyloid beta levels are elevated in the white matter of Alzheimer's patients, independent of cortical plaque severity. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2014; 2:83.
73. Mohs RC, Haroutunian V. Chapter 82: Alzheimer Disease: From Earliest Symptoms to End Stage. Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress. 1999; 8(2):1189-1197.
74. Hao W, Friedman A. The LDL-HDL profile determines the risk of atherosclerosis: a mathematical model. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(3):90497.
75. Young ME, Carroad PA, Bell RL. Estimation of Diffusion Coefficients of Proteins. Biot Bioe. 1980; 22(5):947-55.
76. Chen D, Roda JM, Marsh CB, Eubank TD, Friedman A. Hypoxia inducible factors-mediated inhibition of cancer by GM-CSF: a mathematical model. Bull Math Biol. 2012; 74(11):2752-77.
77. Yokochi S, Hashimoto H, Ishiwata Y, Shimokawa H, Haino M, Terashima Y, Matsushima K. An anti-inflammatory drug, propagermanium, may target GPI-anchored proteins associated with an MCP-1 receptor, CCR2. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2001; 21(6):389-98.
78. Dubois CM, Laprise MH, Blanchette F, Gentry LE, Leduc R. Processing of transforming growth factor beta 1 precursor by human furin convertase. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270(18):10618-24.
79. Stepanets OV, Chichasova NV, Nasonova MB, Samsonov MIU, Nasonov EL. [Soluble receptors of TNF-alpha with molecular mass 55 kDa in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical role]. Klin Med (Mosk). 2003; 81(4):42-6.
80. Bonaldi T, Talamo F, Scaffidi P, Ferrera D, Porto A, Bachi A, Rubartelli A, Agresti A, Bianchi ME. Monocytic cells hyperacetylate chromatin protein HMGB1 to redirect it towards secretion. EMBO J. 2003; 22(20):5551-60.
81. Ahmed M, Davis J, Aucoin D, Sato T, Ahuja S, Aimoto S, Elliott JI, Van Nostrand WE, Smith SO. Structural conversion of neurotoxic amyloid-beta(1-42) oligomers to fibrils. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010; 17(5):561-7.
82. Saido T, Leissring MA. Proteolytic degradation of amyloid beta-protein. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012; 2(6):006379.
83. Cragg BG. The density of synapses and neurons in normal, mentally defective ageing human brains. Brain. 1975; 98(1):81-90.
84. Gate D, Rezai-Zadeh K, Jodry D, Rentsendorj A, Town T. Macrophages in Alzheimer's disease: the blood-borne identity. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2010; 117(8):961-70.
85. Heppner FL, Ransohoff RM, Becher B. Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015; 16(6):358-72.
86. Herculano-Houzel S. The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up primate brain. Front Hum Neurosci. 2009; 3:31.
87. Herculano-Houzel S. The glia/neuron ratio: how it varies uniformly across brain structures and species and what that means for brain physiology and evolution. Glia. 2014; 62(9):1377-91.
88. Poppek D, Keck S, Ermak G, Jung T, Stolzing A, Ullrich O, Davies KJ, Grune T. Phosphorylation inhibits turnover of the tau protein by the proteasome: influence of RCAN1 and oxidative stress. Biochem J. 2006; 400(3):511-20.
89. Kapaki E, Kilidireas K, Paraskevas GP, Michalopoulou M, Patsouris E. Highly increased CSF tau protein and decreased beta-amyloid (1-42) in sporadic CJD: a discrimination from Alzheimer's disease?J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2001; 71(3):401-3.
90. Hao W, Schlesinger LS, Friedman A. Modeling Granulomas in Response to Infection in the Lung. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11(3):0148738.
91. Elson K, Ribeiro RM, Perelson AS, Simmons A, Speck P. The life span of ganglionic glia in murine sensory ganglia estimated by uptake of bromodeoxyuridine. Exp Neurol. 2004; 186(1):99-103.
92. Maree AF, Komba M, Finegood DT, Edelstein-Keshet L. A quantitative comparison of rates of phagocytosis and digestion of apoptotic cells by macrophages from normal (BALB/c) and diabetes-prone (NOD) mice. J Appl Physiol. 2008; 104(1):157-69.
93. Wang J, Dickson DW, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM. The levels of soluble versus insoluble brain Abeta distinguish Alzheimer's disease from normal and pathologic aging. Exp Neurol. 1999; 158(2):328-37.
94. Zhu XD, Chen JS, Zhou F, Liu QC, Chen G, Zhang JM. Relationship between plasma high mobility group box-1 protein levels and clinical outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation. 2012; 9:194.
95. Allette YM, Due MR, Wilson SM, Feldman P, Ripsch MS, Khanna R, White FA. Identification of a functional interaction of HMGB1 with Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products in a model of neuropathic pain. Brain Behav Immun. 2014; 42:169-77.
96. Rezai-Zadeh K, Gate D, Gowing G, Town T. How to get from here to there: macrophage recruitment in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011; 8(2):156-63.
97. Rezai-Zadeh K, Gate D, Town T. CNS infiltration of peripheral immune cells: D-Day for neurodegenerative disease?J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2009; 4(4):462-75.
98. Westin K, Buchhave P, Nielsen H, Minthon L, Janciauskiene S, Hansson O. CCL2 is associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline during early stages of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7(1):30525.
99. Hao W, Marsh C, Friedman A. A Mathematical Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(9):0135097.