메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 7-22

Health and ecological implications of fish consumption: A deeper insight

Author keywords

Fish; Methyl mercury; Omega 3 fatty acids; PCBs; Pollutants

Indexed keywords

METHYLMERCURY; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

EID: 84971516403     PISSN: 1973798X     EISSN: 19737998     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/MNM-160054     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (128)
  • 1
    • 67649983234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian diets
    • Craig WJ, Mangels AR. American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(7):1266-82.
    • (2009) J am Diet Assoc , vol.109 , Issue.7 , pp. 1266-1282
    • Craig, W.J.1    Mangels, A.R.2
  • 3
    • 84895769056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and health-the association between eating behavior and various health parameters: A matched sample study
    • Burkert NT, Muckenhuber J, Großschädl F, Rásky E, Freidl W. Nutrition and health-the association between eating behavior and various health parameters: A matched sample study. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88278. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088278
    • (2014) Plos One , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 88278
    • Burkert, N.T.1    Muckenhuber, J.2    Großschädl, F.3    Rásky, E.4    Freidl, W.5
  • 4
    • 84893726275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B in a total of 1694 meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans
    • Bradbury KE, Crowe FL, Appleby PN, Schmidt JA, Travis RC, Key TJ. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B in a total of 1694 meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014;68(2):178-83. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.248
    • (2014) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-183
    • Bradbury, K.E.1    Crowe, F.L.2    Appleby, P.N.3    Schmidt, J.A.4    Travis, R.C.5    Key, T.J.6
  • 5
    • 84888308914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegan diets and hypothyroidism
    • Tonstad S, Nathan E, Oda K, Fraser G. Vegan diets and hypothyroidism. Nutrients. 2013;5(11):4642-52. doi: 10.3390/nu5114642
    • (2013) Nutrients , vol.5 , Issue.11 , pp. 4642-4652
    • Tonstad, S.1    Nathan, E.2    Oda, K.3    Fraser, G.4
  • 7
    • 84874318219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hospitalization or death from ischemic heart disease among British vegetarians and nonvegetarians: Results from the EPIC-Oxford cohort study
    • Crowe FL, Appleby PN, Travis RC, Key TJ. Risk of hospitalization or death from ischemic heart disease among British vegetarians and nonvegetarians: Results from the EPIC-Oxford cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(3):597-603. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.044073
    • (2013) Am J Clin Nutr. , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 597-603
    • Crowe, F.L.1    Appleby, P.N.2    Travis, R.C.3    Key, T.J.4
  • 9
    • 84857425592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and risk of diverticular disease in Oxford cohort of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): Prospective study of British vegetarians and non-vegetarians
    • Crowe FL, Appleby PN, Allen NE, Key TJ. Diet and risk of diverticular disease in Oxford cohort of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): Prospective study of British vegetarians and non-vegetarians. BMJ. 2011;343:d4131. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4131
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.343 , pp. 4131
    • Crowe, F.L.1    Appleby, P.N.2    Allen, N.E.3    Key, T.J.4
  • 10
    • 79955373383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet, vegetarianism, and cataract risk
    • Appleby PN, Allen NE, Key TJ. Diet, vegetarianism, and cataract risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(5):1128-35. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.004028
    • (2011) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.93 , Issue.5 , pp. 1128-1135
    • Appleby, P.N.1    Allen, N.E.2    Key, T.J.3
  • 12
    • 65949112939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes
    • Tonstad S, Butler T, Yan R, Fraser GE. Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(5):791-6.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 791-796
    • Tonstad, S.1    Butler, T.2    Yan, R.3    Fraser, G.E.4
  • 13
    • 0033754521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum fatty acid, lipid profile and dietary intake of Hong Kong Chinese omnivores and vegetarians
    • Lee HY, Woo J, Chen ZY, Leung SF, Peng XH. Serum fatty acid, lipid profile and dietary intake of Hong Kong Chinese omnivores and vegetarians. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54(10):768-73.
    • (2000) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 768-773
    • Lee, H.Y.1    Woo, J.2    Chen, Z.Y.3    Leung, S.F.4    Peng, X.H.5
  • 15
    • 84866350134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetarian diets and blood pressure among white subjects: Results from the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2)
    • Pettersen BJ, Anousheh R, Fan J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fraser GE. Vegetarian diets and blood pressure among white subjects: Results from the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(10):1909-16.
    • (2012) Public Health Nutr , vol.15 , Issue.10 , pp. 1909-1916
    • Pettersen, B.J.1    Anousheh, R.2    Fan, J.3    Jaceldo-Siegl, K.4    Fraser, G.E.5
  • 16
    • 79956109892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetarian dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome: The adventist health study 2
    • Rizzo NS, Sabaté J, Jaceido-Siegl K, Fraser GE. Vegetarian dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome: The adventist health study 2. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(5):1225-7.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 1225-1227
    • Rizzo, N.S.1    Sabaté, J.2    Jaceido-Siegl, K.3    Fraser, G.E.4
  • 17
    • 84905440809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: Analysis of Health Survey for England data
    • Oyebode O, Gordon-Dseagu V, Walker A, Mindell JS. Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: Analysis of Health Survey for England data. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014;68(9):856-62. doi: 10.1136/jech-2013-203500
    • (2014) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.68 , Issue.9 , pp. 856-862
    • Oyebode, O.1    Gordon-Dseagu, V.2    Walker, A.3    Mindell, J.S.4
  • 18
    • 84971513727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global status report on noncommunicable disease 2010. World Health Organization 2011. ISBN: 978 92 4 068645 8. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd report full en.pdf
    • WHO. [http://who.int/en/]. Global status report on noncommunicable disease 2010. World Health Organization 2011. ISBN: 978 92 4 068645 8. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd report full en.pdf
  • 19
    • 84855801774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Cancer Society 2010 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity
    • Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, Rock CL, Demark-Wahnefried W, Bandera EV, Gapstur S, Patel AV, Andrews K, Gansler T. American Cancer Society 2010 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62(1):30-67. doi: 10.3322/caac.20140
    • (2012) CA Cancer J Clin , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-67
    • Kushi, L.H.1    Doyle, C.2    McCullough, M.3    Rock, C.L.4    Demark-Wahnefried, W.5    Bandera, E.V.6    Gapstur, S.7    Patel, A.V.8    Andrews, K.9    Gansler, T.10
  • 20
  • 23
    • 0027957527 scopus 로고
    • Fish consumption and risk of stroke. The Zutphen Study
    • Keli SO, Feskens EJ, Kromhout D. Fish consumption and risk of stroke. The Zutphen Study. Stroke. 1994;25(2):328-32.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 328-332
    • Keli, S.O.1    Feskens, E.J.2    Kromhout, D.3
  • 24
    • 0021812276 scopus 로고
    • The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease
    • Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, de Lezenne Coulander C. The inverse relation between fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1985;312(19):1205-9.
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.312 , Issue.19 , pp. 1205-1209
    • Kromhout, D.1    Bosschieter, E.B.2    De Lezenne Coulander, C.3
  • 25
    • 19044364141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-based consumption advice for farmed Atlantic and wild Pacific salmon contaminated with dioxins and dioxin-like compounds
    • Foran JA, Carpenter DO, Hamilton MC, Knuth BA, Schwager SJ. Risk-based consumption advice for farmed Atlantic and wild Pacific salmon contaminated with dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(5):552-6.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , Issue.5 , pp. 552-556
    • Foran, J.A.1    Carpenter, D.O.2    Hamilton, M.C.3    Knuth, B.A.4    Schwager, S.J.5
  • 26
    • 0037137299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association, Nutrition Committee. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease
    • Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, American Heart Association, Nutrition Committee. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2002;106(21):2747-57.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , Issue.21 , pp. 2747-2757
    • Kris-Etherton, P.M.1    Harris, W.S.2    Appel, L.J.3
  • 27
    • 84964976125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyl mercury in fish and fishery products - Brussels, 12 May 2004. MS/ms. INFORMATION NOTE. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/assets/af040608-ax9.pdf
    • European Commission [http://ec.europa.eu/index en.htm]. Methyl mercury in fish and fishery products - Brussels, 12 May 2004. MS/ms. INFORMATION NOTE. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/assets/af040608-ax9.pdf
    • European Commission
  • 28
    • 84971505558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presenza di metilmercurio nel pesce. 28 marzo 2007, aggiornamento 23 maggio 2014. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/news/p3 2 1 1 1.jsp? lingua=italiano&menu=notizie&p=dalministero&id=1587
    • Ministero della Salute Italiano [http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/home.html]. Presenza di metilmercurio nel pesce. 28 marzo 2007, aggiornamento 23 maggio 2014. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/news/p3 2 1 1 1.jsp? lingua=italiano&menu=notizie&p=dalministero&id=1587
    • Ministero Della Salute Italiano
  • 29
    • 84971555713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What you need to know about Mercury in Fish and Shellfish. March 2004. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.fda.gov/food/resourcesforyou/consumers/ucm110591.htm
    • EPA and FDA [http://www.fda.gov/default.htm]. What you need to know about Mercury in Fish and Shellfish. March 2004. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.fda.gov/food/resourcesforyou/consumers/ucm110591.htm
    • EPA and FDA
  • 30
    • 84962197569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methylmercury in food. EFSA Journal 2012;10(12):2985. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from
    • EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) [http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/panels/contam]. Scientific Opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methylmercury in food. EFSA Journal 2012;10(12):2985. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific output/files/main documents/2985.pdf.
    • EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)
  • 31
    • 84902230550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • etting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from
    • The Commission of the European Communities [http://ec.europa.eu/]. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:364:0005:0024:EN:PDF
    • The Commission of the European Communities
  • 32
    • 0036695098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total and methylmercury residues in tuna-fish from the Mediterranean sea
    • Storelli MM, Stuffler RG, Marcotrigiano GO. Total and methylmercury residues in tuna-fish from the Mediterranean sea. Food Addit Contam. 2002;19(8):715-20.
    • (2002) Food Addit Contam , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 715-720
    • Storelli, M.M.1    Stuffler, R.G.2    Marcotrigiano, G.O.3
  • 33
    • 29044439135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs): Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure: A review of the published literature
    • Domingo JL. Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs): Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure: A review of the published literature. Environ Int. 2006;32(1):121-7.
    • (2006) Environ Int , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-127
    • Domingo, J.L.1
  • 34
    • 7444246750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers through the diet
    • Domingo JL. Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers through the diet. J Chromatogr A. 2004;1054(1-2):321-6.
    • (2004) J Chromatogr A , vol.1054 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 321-326
    • Domingo, J.L.1
  • 35
    • 7444247889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated naphthalenes in animal aquatic species and human exposure through the diet: A review
    • Domingo JL. Polychlorinated naphthalenes in animal aquatic species and human exposure through the diet: A review. J Chromatogr A. 2004;1054(1-2):327-34.
    • (2004) J Chromatogr A , vol.1054 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 327-334
    • Domingo, J.L.1
  • 36
    • 61849141189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids, ISSFAL. Alpha-Linolenic acid supplementation and conversion to n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in humans
    • Brenna JT, Salem N Jr, Sinclair AJ, Cunnane SC. International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids, ISSFAL. Alpha-Linolenic acid supplementation and conversion to n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009;80(2-3):85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.01.004
    • (2009) Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids , vol.80 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 85-91
    • Brenna, J.T.1    Salem, N.2    Sinclair, A.J.3    Cunnane, S.C.4
  • 37
    • 33747889032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid in humans
    • Burdge GC. Metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006;75(3):161-8.
    • (2006) Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 161-168
    • Burdge, G.C.1
  • 38
    • 0032819001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease
    • Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(3 Suppl):560S-9S.
    • (1999) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 560S-960S
    • Simopoulos, A.P.1
  • 39
    • 84902308669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of different cooking methods on fatty acid profiles in four freshwater fishes from the Laurentian Great Lakes region
    • Neff MR, Bhavsar SP, Braekevelt E, Arts MT. Effect of different cooking methods on fatty acid profiles in four freshwater fishes from the Laurentian Great Lakes region. Food Chem. 2014;164:544-50. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.104
    • (2014) Food Chem , vol.164 , pp. 544-550
    • Neff, M.R.1    Bhavsar, S.P.2    Braekevelt, E.3    Arts, M.T.4
  • 40
    • 24044498990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma in British meat-eating, vegetarian, and vegan men
    • Rosell MS, Lloyd-Wright Z, Appleby PN, Sanders TA, Allen NE, Key TJ. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma in British meat-eating, vegetarian, and vegan men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(2):327-34.
    • (2005) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 327-334
    • Rosell, M.S.1    Lloyd-Wright, Z.2    Appleby, P.N.3    Sanders, T.A.4    Allen, N.E.5    Key, T.J.6
  • 41
    • 0036790951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and blood pressure among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans in EPIC-Oxford
    • Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ. Hypertension and blood pressure among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans in EPIC-Oxford. Public Health Nutr. 2002;5(5):645-54.
    • (2002) Public Health Nutr , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 645-654
    • Appleby, P.N.1    Davey, G.K.2    Key, T.J.3
  • 42
    • 42149116244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very low n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in Austrian vegetarians and vegans
    • Kornsteiner M, Singer I, Elmadfa I. Very low n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in Austrian vegetarians and vegans. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;52(1):37-47. doi: 10.1159/000118629
    • (2008) Ann Nutr Metab , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-47
    • Kornsteiner, M.1    Singer, I.2    Elmadfa, I.3
  • 43
    • 33749610980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid composition of habitual omnivore and vegetarian diets
    • Mann N, Pirotta Y, O’Connell S, Li D, Kelly F, Sinclair A. Fatty acid composition of habitual omnivore and vegetarian diets. Lipids. 2006;41(7):637-46.
    • (2006) Lipids , vol.41 , Issue.7 , pp. 637-646
    • Mann, N.1    Pirotta, Y.2    O’Connell, S.3    Li, D.4    Kelly, F.5    Sinclair, A.6
  • 44
    • 0026496163 scopus 로고
    • Platelet phospholipid fatty acid composition and function in vegans compared with age-and sex-matched omnivore controls
    • Sanders TA, Roshanai F. Platelet phospholipid fatty acid composition and function in vegans compared with age-and sex-matched omnivore controls. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1992;46(11):823-31.
    • (1992) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.46 , Issue.11 , pp. 823-831
    • Sanders, T.A.1    Roshanai, F.2
  • 45
    • 0027984767 scopus 로고
    • Altered fatty acid metabolism in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease
    • Siguel EN, Lerman RH. Altered fatty acid metabolism in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Metabolism. 1994;43(8):982-93.
    • (1994) Metabolism , vol.43 , Issue.8 , pp. 982-993
    • Siguel, E.N.1    Lerman, R.H.2
  • 46
    • 0026750489 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional and medical importance of gamma-linolenic acid
    • Horrobin DF. Nutritional and medical importance of gamma-linolenic acid. Prog Lipid Res. 1992;31(2):163-94.
    • (1992) Prog Lipid Res , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-194
    • Horrobin, D.F.1
  • 47
    • 78149265344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake and status of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a population of fish-eating and non-fish-eating meat-eaters, vegetarians, and vegans and the product-precursor ratio [corrected] of -linolenic acid to long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort
    • Welch AA, Shakya-Shrestha S, Lentjes MA, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Dietary intake and status of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a population of fish-eating and non-fish-eating meat-eaters, vegetarians, and vegans and the product-precursor ratio [corrected] of -linolenic acid to long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort.Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(5):1040-51. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29457
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr. , vol.92 , Issue.5 , pp. 1040-1051
    • Welch, A.A.1    Shakya-Shrestha, S.2    Lentjes, M.A.3    Wareham, N.J.4    Khaw, K.T.5
  • 48
    • 70350059182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lpha-linolenic acid and its conversion to longer chain n-3 fatty acids: Benefits for human health and a role in maintaining tissue n-3 fatty acid levels
    • Barceló-Coblijn G, Murphy EJ. Alpha-linolenic acid and its conversion to longer chain n-3 fatty acids: Benefits for human health and a role in maintaining tissue n-3 fatty acid levels. Prog Lipid Res. 2009;48(6):355-74. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.07.002
    • (2009) Prog Lipid Res , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 355-374
    • Barceló-Coblijn, G.1    Murphy, E.J.2
  • 49
    • 62549150332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of alpha-linolenic acid elongation to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid as affected by the ratio of n6/n3 fatty acids
    • Harnack K, Andersen G, Somoza V. Quantitation of alpha-linolenic acid elongation to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid as affected by the ratio of n6/n3 fatty acids. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2009;6:8. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-6-8
    • (2009) Nutr Metab (Lond) , vol.6 , Issue.8
    • Harnack, K.1    Ersen, G.2    Somoza, V.3
  • 50
    • 51749101297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flaxseed oil and fish-oil capsule consumption alters human red blood cell n-3 fatty acid composition: A multiple-dosing trial comparing 2 sources of n-3 fatty acid
    • Barceló-Coblijn G, Murphy EJ, Othman R, Moghadasian MH, Kashour T, Friel JK. Flaxseed oil and fish-oil capsule consumption alters human red blood cell n-3 fatty acid composition: A multiple-dosing trial comparing 2 sources of n-3 fatty acid. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(3):801-9.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 801-809
    • Barceló-Coblijn, G.1    Murphy, E.J.2    Othman, R.3    Moghadasian, M.H.4    Kashour, T.5    Friel, J.K.6
  • 51
    • 34447331361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: Implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplements
    • Plourde M, Cunnane SC. Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: Implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplements. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007;32(4):619-34.
    • (2007) Appl Physiol Nutr Metab , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 619-634
    • Plourde, M.1    Cunnane, S.C.2
  • 52
    • 27244445146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults
    • Burdge GC, Calder PC. Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005;45(5):581-97.
    • (2005) Reprod Nutr Dev , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 581-597
    • Burdge, G.C.1    Calder, P.C.2
  • 53
    • 84920590033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic and nutritional constraints on infant brain development: Implications for brain expansion during human evolution
    • Cunnane SC, Crawford MA. Energetic and nutritional constraints on infant brain development: Implications for brain expansion during human evolution. J Hum Evol. 2014;77:88-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.05.001
    • (2014) J Hum Evol , vol.77 , pp. 88-98
    • Cunnane, S.C.1    Crawford, M.A.2
  • 54
    • 0032943451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration on transport by the human placenta
    • Haggarty P, Ashton J, Joynson M, Abramovich DR, Page K. Effect of maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration on transport by the human placenta. Biol Neonate. 1999;75(6):350-9.
    • (1999) Biol Neonate , vol.75 , Issue.6 , pp. 350-359
    • Haggarty, P.1    Ashton, J.2    Joynson, M.3    Abramovich, D.R.4    Page, K.5
  • 55
    • 3042680440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in men and women: Nutritional and biological implications
    • Burdge GC. Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in men and women: Nutritional and biological implications. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004;7(2):137-44.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-144
    • Burdge, G.C.1
  • 56
    • 0036774671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in young women
    • Burdge GC, Wootton SA. Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in young women. Br J Nutr. 2002;88(4):411-20.
    • (2002) Br J Nutr , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 411-420
    • Burdge, G.C.1    Wootton, S.A.2
  • 57
    • 0029093821 scopus 로고
    • The composition of individual molecular species of plasma phosphatidylcholine in human pregnancy
    • Postle AD, Al MD, Burdge GC, Hornstra G. The composition of individual molecular species of plasma phosphatidylcholine in human pregnancy. Early Human Dev. 1995;43(1):47-58.
    • (1995) Early Human Dev , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-58
    • Postle, A.D.1    Al, M.D.2    Burdge, G.C.3    Hornstra, G.4
  • 58
    • 0021740744 scopus 로고
    • Relative fatty acid composition of lecithin during postmenopausal replacement therapy-a comparison between ethinyl estradiol and estradiol valerate
    • Ottosson UB, Lagrelius A, Rosing U, von Schoultz B. Relative fatty acid composition of lecithin during postmenopausal replacement therapy-a comparison between ethinyl estradiol and estradiol valerate. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1984;18(6):296-302.
    • (1984) Gynecol Obstet Invest , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 296-302
    • Ottosson, U.B.1    Lagrelius, A.2    Rosing, U.3    Von Schoultz, B.4
  • 59
    • 49149113521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction
    • Campos H, Baylin A, Willett WC. Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008;118(4):339-45. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.762419
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , Issue.4 , pp. 339-345
    • Campos, H.1    Baylin, A.2    Willett, W.C.3
  • 60
    • 0042284005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kris-Etherton PM. Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: Current knowledge and practical implications
    • Davis BC, Kris-Etherton PM. Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: Current knowledge and practical implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl):640S-6S.
    • (2003) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 640S-643S
    • Davis, B.C.1
  • 61
    • 17444450518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury accumulation and accelerated progression of carotid atherosclerosis: A population-based prospective 4-year follow-up study in men in eastern Finland
    • Salonen JT, Seppänen K, Lakka TA, Salonen R, Kaplan GA. Mercury accumulation and accelerated progression of carotid atherosclerosis: A population-based prospective 4-year follow-up study in men in eastern Finland. Atherosclerosis. 2000;148(2):265-73.
    • (2000) Atherosclerosis , vol.148 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-273
    • Salonen, J.T.1    Seppänen, K.2    Lakka, T.A.3    Salonen, R.4    Kaplan, G.A.5
  • 62
    • 0030469761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplementation with an algae source of docosahexaenoic acid increases (N-3) fatty acid status and alters selected risk factors for heart disease in vegetarian subjects
    • Conquer JA, Holub BJ. Supplementation with an algae source of docosahexaenoic acid increases (n-3) fatty acid status and alters selected risk factors for heart disease in vegetarian subjects. J Nutr. 1996;126(12):3032-9.
    • (1996) J Nutr , vol.126 , Issue.12 , pp. 3032-3039
    • Conquer, J.A.1    Holub, B.J.2
  • 63
    • 0029738769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol, fish, fibre and antioxidant vitamins intake do not explain population differences in coronary heart disease mortality
    • Kromhout D, Bloemberg BP, Feskens EJ, Hertog MG, Menotti A, Blackburn H. Alcohol, fish, fibre and antioxidant vitamins intake do not explain population differences in coronary heart disease mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25(4):753-9.
    • (1996) Int J Epidemiol , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 753-759
    • Kromhout, D.1    Bloemberg, B.P.2    Feskens, E.J.3    Hertog, M.G.4    Menotti, A.5    Blackburn, H.6
  • 65
    • 84861813243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: A meta-analysis and systematic review
    • Huang T, Yang B, Li G, Wahlgvist ML, Li D. Cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;60(4):233-40. doi: 10.1159/000337301
    • (2012) Ann Nutr Metab , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 233-240
    • Huang, T.1    Yang, B.2    Li, G.3    Wahlgvist, M.L.4    Li, D.5
  • 68
    • 84867920273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berglund M. Validation of questionnairebased long-term dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls using biomarkers
    • Bergkvist C, Akesson A, Glynn A, Michaelsson K, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Wolk A, Berglund M. Validation of questionnairebased long-term dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls using biomarkers. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012;56(11):1748-54. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201200196
    • (2012) Mol Nutr Food Res , vol.56 , Issue.11 , pp. 1748-1754
    • Bergkvist, C.1    Akesson, A.2    Glynn, A.3    Michaelsson, K.4    Rantakokko, P.5    Kiviranta, H.6    Wolk, A.7
  • 69
    • 79451469963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional and toxicological aspects of seafood consumption-an integrated exposure and risk assessment of methylmercury and polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Strö m S, Helmfrid I, Glynn A, Berglund M. Nutritional and toxicological aspects of seafood consumption-an integrated exposure and risk assessment of methylmercury and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Environ Res. 2011;111(2):274-80. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.12.003
    • (2011) Environ Res , vol.111 , Issue.2 , pp. 274-280
    • Strö M, S.1    Helmfrid, I.2    Glynn, A.3    Berglund, M.4
  • 70
    • 33746824712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-3 fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits
    • Gebauer SK, Psota TL, Harris WS, Kris-Etherton PM. n-3 fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(6 Suppl):1526S-35S.
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.83 , Issue.6 , pp. 1526S-3526S
    • Gebauer, S.K.1    Psota, T.L.2    Harris, W.S.3    Kris-Etherton, P.M.4
  • 71
    • 0024554150 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic study on the association between body burden mercury level and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
    • Ngim CH, Devathasan G. Epidemiologic study on the association between body burden mercury level and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Neuroepidemiology. 1989;8(3):128-41.
    • (1989) Neuroepidemiology , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 128-141
    • Ngim, C.H.1    Devathasan, G.2
  • 73
    • 84924025086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicant exposure and bioaccumulation: A common and potentially reversible cause of cognitive dysfunction and dementia
    • Genuis SJ, Kelln KL. Toxicant exposure and bioaccumulation: A common and potentially reversible cause of cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Behav Neurol. 2015;2015:620143. doi: 10.1155/2015/620143
    • (2015) Behav Neurol , vol.2015 , pp. 620143
    • Genuis, S.J.1    Kelln, K.L.2
  • 74
    • 34547944369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids and the benefits of fish consumption: Is all that glitters gold?
    • Domingo JL. Omega-3 fatty acids and the benefits of fish consumption: Is all that glitters gold? Environ Int. 2007;33(7):993-8.
    • (2007) Environ Int , vol.33 , Issue.7 , pp. 993-998
    • Domingo, J.L.1
  • 75
    • 33947509392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment of dietary exposure to methylmercury in fish in the UK
    • Maycock BJ, Benford DJ. Risk assessment of dietary exposure to methylmercury in fish in the UK. HumExpToxicol. 2007;26(3):185-90.
    • (2007) Humexptoxicol. , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 185-190
    • Maycock, B.J.1    Benford, D.J.2
  • 76
    • 84971540746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Il Fatto Alimentare, La carne di squalo piace agli italiani, ma pochi sanno che molte specie sono in estinzione e che esiste il finning. 14 October 2011. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.ilfattoalimentare.it/italianisqualo-smergilgio-finning-code-di-squalo-shark-alliance.html
    • Il Fatto Alimentare [http://www.ilfattoalimentare.it/]. La carne di squalo piace agli italiani, ma pochi sanno che molte specie sono in estinzione e che esiste il finning. 14 October 2011. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.ilfattoalimentare.it/italianisqualo-smergilgio-finning-code-di-squalo-shark-alliance.html
  • 77
    • 33846199629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits and risks of fish consumption Part I. A quantitative analysis of the intake of omega-3 fatty acids and chemical contaminants
    • Domingo JL, Bocio A, Falcó G, Llobet JM. Benefits and risks of fish consumption Part I. A quantitative analysis of the intake of omega-3 fatty acids and chemical contaminants. Toxicology. 2007;230(2-3):219-26.
    • (2007) Toxicology. , vol.230 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 219-226
    • Domingo, J.L.1    Bocio, A.2    Falcó, G.3    Llobet, J.M.4
  • 78
    • 33748565008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and organochlorine pesticides in farmed Atlantic salmon from Maine, eastern Canada, and Norway, and wild salmon from Alaska
    • Shaw SD, Brenner D, Berger ML, Carpenter DO, Hong CS, Kannan K. PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and organochlorine pesticides in farmed Atlantic salmon from Maine, eastern Canada, and Norway, and wild salmon from Alaska. Environ Sci Technol. 2006;40(17):5347-54.
    • (2006) Environ Sci Technol , vol.40 , Issue.17 , pp. 5347-5354
    • Shaw, S.D.1    Brenner, D.2    Berger, M.L.3    Carpenter, D.O.4    Hong, C.S.5    Kannan, K.6
  • 80
    • 84971562130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AA. VV.; Di Trapani, A.M. Il tonno rosso, 1st Edition; Franco Angeli Edizioni; Italy
    • AA. VV.; Di Trapani, A.M. Il tonno rosso. Allevamento, commercio, industria conserviera, 1st Edition; Franco Angeli Edizioni; Italy, 2008. ISBN: 9788846493934
    • (2008) Allevamento, Commercio, Industria Conserviera
  • 81
    • 3042556361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical risks associated with consumption of shellfish harvested on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River’s lower estuary
    • Gagnon F, Tremblay T, Rouette J, Cartier JF. Chemical risks associated with consumption of shellfish harvested on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River’s lower estuary. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(8):883-8.
    • (2004) Environ Health Perspect , vol.112 , Issue.8 , pp. 883-888
    • Gagnon, F.1    Tremblay, T.2    Rouette, J.3    Cartier, J.F.4
  • 82
    • 0036628818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of selected persistent organic pollutants in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), salmon aquaculture feed, and fish oil components of the feed
    • Jacobs MN, Covaci A, Schepens P. Investigation of selected persistent organic pollutants in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), salmon aquaculture feed, and fish oil components of the feed. Environ Sci Technol. 2002;36(13):2797-805.
    • (2002) Environ Sci Technol , vol.36 , Issue.13 , pp. 2797-2805
    • Jacobs, M.N.1    Covaci, A.2    Schepens, P.3
  • 83
    • 0036128557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzo-p-furans and selected coplanar biphenyls in Scottish farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
    • Jacobs M, Ferrario J, Byrne C. Investigation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzo-p-furans and selected coplanar biphenyls in Scottish farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Chemosphere. 2002;47(2):183-91.
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-191
    • Jacobs, M.1    Ferrario, J.2    Byrne, C.3
  • 84
    • 33750141751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: Evaluating the risks and the benefits
    • Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: Evaluating the risks and the benefits. JAMA. 2006;296(15): 1885-99.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , Issue.15 , pp. 1885-1899
    • Mozaffarian, D.1    Rimm, E.B.2
  • 85
    • 0038106219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of dioxin cancer dose response for three occupational cohorts
    • Crump KS, Canady R, Kogevinas M. Meta-analysis of dioxin cancer dose response for three occupational cohorts. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111(5):681-7.
    • (2003) Environ Health Perspect , vol.111 , Issue.5 , pp. 681-687
    • Crump, K.S.1    Canady, R.2    Kogevinas, M.3
  • 89
    • 0034044159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-carcinogenic effects of TCDD in animals
    • Birnbaum LS, Tuomisto J. Non-carcinogenic effects of TCDD in animals. Food Addit Contam. 2000;17(4):275-88.
    • (2000) Food Addit Contam , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 275-288
    • Birnbaum, L.S.1    Tuomisto, J.2
  • 90
    • 0033311498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum dioxin, insulin, fasting glucose, and sex hormone-binding globulin in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand
    • Michalek JE, Akhtar FZ, Kiel JL. Serum dioxin, insulin, fasting glucose, and sex hormone-binding globulin in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(5):1540-3.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , Issue.5 , pp. 1540-1543
    • Michalek, J.E.1    Akhtar, F.Z.2    Kiel, J.L.3
  • 91
    • 84926669976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of myocardial infarction-a population-based prospective cohort study
    • Bergkvist C, Berglund M, Glynn A, Wolk A, åkesson A. Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of myocardial infarction-a population-based prospective cohort study. Int J Cardiol. 2015;183:242-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.055
    • (2015) Int J Cardiol , vol.183 , pp. 242-248
    • Bergkvist, C.1    Berglund, M.2    Glynn, A.3    Wolk, A.4    Åkesson, A.5
  • 92
    • 79955865034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating intergenerational differences in human PCB exposure due to variable emissions and reproductive behaviors
    • Quinn CL, Wania F, Czub G, Breivik K. Investigating intergenerational differences in human PCB exposure due to variable emissions and reproductive behaviors. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(5):641-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002415
    • (2011) Environ Health Perspect , vol.119 , Issue.5 , pp. 641-646
    • Quinn, C.L.1    Wania, F.2    Czub, G.3    Breivik, K.4
  • 94
    • 2942548948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulated evidence on fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality: A meta-analysis of cohort studies
    • He K, Song Y, Daviglus ML, Liu K, Van Horn L, Dyer AR, Greenland P. Accumulated evidence on fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Circulation. 2004;109(22):2705-11.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , Issue.22 , pp. 2705-2711
    • He, K.1    Song, Y.2    Daviglus, M.L.3    Liu, K.4    Van Horn, L.5    Dyer, A.R.6    Greenland, P.7
  • 95
    • 0037453032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular Health Study. Cardiac benefits of fish consumption may depend on the type of fish meal consumed: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Mozaffarian D, Lemaitre RN, Kuller LH, Burke GL, Tracy RP, Siscovick DS. Cardiovascular Health Study. Cardiac benefits of fish consumption may depend on the type of fish meal consumed: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation. 2003;107(10):1372-7.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , Issue.10 , pp. 1372-1377
    • Mozaffarian, D.1    Lemaitre, R.N.2    Kuller, L.H.3    Burke, G.L.4    Tracy, R.P.5    Siscovick, D.S.6
  • 98
    • 0033944840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance
    • Cranmer M, Louie S, Kennedy RH, Kern PA, Fonseca VA. Exposure to 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Toxicol Sci. 2000;56(2):431-6.
    • (2000) Toxicol Sci , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 431-436
    • Cranmer, M.1    Louie, S.2    Kennedy, R.H.3    Kern, P.A.4    Fonseca, V.A.5
  • 100
    • 0029047330 scopus 로고
    • Mediterranean diets: Are they environmentally responsible?
    • Gussow JD. Mediterranean diets: Are they environmentally responsible? Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61(6 Suppl):1383S-9S.
    • (1995) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 1383S-1389S
    • Gussow, J.D.1
  • 101
    • 0043286238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the environmental impact of different dietary protein choices
    • Reijnders L, Soret S. Quantification of the environmental impact of different dietary protein choices. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl):664S-8S.
    • (2003) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 664S-864S
    • Reijnders, L.1    Soret, S.2
  • 102
    • 84971518855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from
    • Waste Contamination from Salmon Farms. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.puresalmon.org/pdfs/waste.pdf
    • Waste Contamination from Salmon Farms.
  • 103
    • 1542790171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acoustic detection of organic enrichment in sediments at a salmon farm is confirmed by independent groundtruthing methods
    • Wildish DJ, Hughes-Clarke E, Pohle GW, Hargrave BT, Mayer LM. Acoustic detection of organic enrichment in sediments at a salmon farm is confirmed by independent groundtruthing methods. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2004;267:99-105.
    • (2004) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.267 , pp. 99-105
    • Wildish, D.J.1    Hughes-Clarke, E.2    Pohle, G.W.3    Hargrave, B.T.4    Mayer, L.M.5
  • 104
    • 67649380353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saprophytism of a fish pathogen as a transmission strategy
    • Kunttu HM, Valtonen ET, Jokinen EI, Suomalainen LR. Saprophytism of a fish pathogen as a transmission strategy. Epidemics. 2009;1(2):96-100. doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2009.04.003
    • (2009) Epidemics , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 96-100
    • Kunttu, H.M.1    Valtonen, E.T.2    Jokinen, E.I.3    Suomalainen, L.R.4
  • 105
    • 0141462834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence and maintenance of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Europe: A new hypothesis
    • Nylund A, Devold M, Plarre H, Isdal E, Aarseth M. Emergence and maintenance of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Europe: A new hypothesis. Dis Aquat Organ. 2003;56(1):11-24.
    • (2003) Dis Aquat Organ , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-24
    • Nylund, A.1    Devold, M.2    Plarre, H.3    Isdal, E.4    Aarseth, M.5
  • 106
    • 0034713312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) from Scotland
    • Cunningham CO, Snow M. Genetic analysis of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) from Scotland. Dis Aquat Organ. 2000;41(1):1-8.
    • (2000) Dis Aquat Organ , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Cunningham, C.O.1    Snow, M.2
  • 108
    • 0036945862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of bacterial diseases in food-size channel catfish
    • Wagner BA, Wise DJ, Khoo LH, Terhune JS. The epidemiology of bacterial diseases in food-size channel catfish. J Aquat Anim Health. 2002;18(4):263-72. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0263:TEOBDI>2.0.CO;2
    • (2002) J Aquat Anim Health , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-272
    • Wagner, B.A.1    Wise, D.J.2    Khoo, L.H.3    Terhune, J.S.4
  • 109
    • 0031418338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of host demography on the evolution of virulence of a microsporidian gut parasite
    • Ebert D, Mangin KL. The influence of host demography on the evolution of virulence of a microsporidian gut parasite. Evolution. 1997;51(6):1828-37.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 1828-1837
    • Ebert, D.1    Mangin, K.L.2
  • 110
    • 0016274605 scopus 로고
    • The effects of environmental stress on outbreaks of infectious diseases of fishes
    • Snieszko SF. The effects of environmental stress on outbreaks of infectious diseases of fishes. J Fish Biol. 1974;6(2):197-208. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb04537.x
    • (1974) J Fish Biol , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-208
    • Snieszko, S.F.1
  • 111
    • 23844464890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of freshwater bacteria antagonistic to Giardia intestinalis cysts
    • Revetta RP, Rodgers MR, Kinkle BK. Isolation and identification of freshwater bacteria antagonistic to Giardia intestinalis cysts. J Water Health. 2005;3(1):83-8.
    • (2005) J Water Health , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-88
    • Revetta, R.P.1    Rodgers, M.R.2    Kinkle, B.K.3
  • 112
    • 0037436433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coaggregation between freshwater bacteria within biofilm and planktonic communities
    • Rickard AH, McBain AJ, Ledder RG, Handley PS, Gilbert P. Coaggregation between freshwater bacteria within biofilm and planktonic communities. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003;220(1):133-40.
    • (2003) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.220 , Issue.1 , pp. 133-140
    • Rickard, A.H.1    McBain, A.J.2    Ledder, R.G.3    Handley, P.S.4    Gilbert, P.5
  • 114
    • 84966444170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/]. Foods composition in Alpha linolenic acid [cited 2015 Dec 5] Available from
    • USDA NAtional Nutrient Database for Standard Reference [http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/]. Foods composition in Alpha linolenic acid [cited 2015 Dec 5] Available from: http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/nutrients/report/nutrientsfrm?max=25&offset=0& totCount=0&nutrient1=851&nutrient2=&nutrient3=&subset=0&fg=&sort=c&measureby=g
    • USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference
  • 115
    • 84855565346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis shows that docosahexaenoic acid from algal oil reduces serum triglycerides and increases HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in persons without coronary heart disease
    • Bernstein AM, Ding EL, Willett WC, Rimm EB. A meta-analysis shows that docosahexaenoic acid from algal oil reduces serum triglycerides and increases HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in persons without coronary heart disease. J Nutr. 2012;142(1):99-104. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.148973
    • (2012) J Nutr , vol.142 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-104
    • Bernstein, A.M.1    Ding, E.L.2    Willett, W.C.3    Rimm, E.B.4
  • 116
    • 36348937314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on breast milk fatty acid composition over the course of lactation: A randomized controlled trial
    • Dunstan JA, Mitoulas LR, Dixon G, Doherty DA, Hartmann PE, Simmer K, Prescott SL. The effects of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on breast milk fatty acid composition over the course of lactation: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Res. 2007;62(6):689-94.
    • (2007) Pediatr Res , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 689-694
    • Dunstan, J.A.1    Mitoulas, L.R.2    Dixon, G.3    Doherty, D.A.4    Hartmann, P.E.5    Simmer, K.6    Prescott, S.L.7
  • 117
    • 0037268730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children’s IQ at 4 years of age
    • Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, Saugstad OD, Drevon CA. Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children’s IQ at 4 years of age. Pediatrics. 2003;111(1):E39-44.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. E39-E44
    • Helland, I.B.1    Smith, L.2    Saarem, K.3    Saugstad, O.D.4    Drevon, C.A.5
  • 118
    • 0035183230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina
    • Lauritzen L, Hansen HS, Jørgensen MH, Michaelsen KF. The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina. Prog Lipid Res. 2001;40(1-2):1-94.
    • (2001) Prog Lipid Res , vol.40 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-94
    • Lauritzen, L.1    Hansen, H.S.2    Jørgensen, M.H.3    Michaelsen, K.F.4
  • 119
    • 84971564601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAO/WHO[http://www.who.int/en/]. Fats and oils in human nutrition. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, 19 to 26 October 1993, Rome, Italy. ISBN: 92-5-103621-7. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from
    • FAO/WHO [http://www.who.int/en/]. Fats and oils in human nutrition. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, 19 to 26 October 1993, Rome, Italy. ISBN: 92-5-103621-7. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/9251036217/en/.
  • 120
    • 0029730030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega-3 fatty acids and the peroxisome
    • Masters C. Omega-3 fatty acids and the peroxisome. Mol Cell Biochem. 1996;165(2):83-93.
    • (1996) Mol Cell Biochem , vol.165 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-93
    • Masters, C.1
  • 121
    • 70349236993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenpeace Research Laboratories. [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/] University of Exeter, UK. [cited 2015 Dec 2]
    • Allsopp M, Johnston P, Santillo D. Challenging the Aquaculture Industry on Sustainability. 2008, Greenpeace Research Laboratories. [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/] University of Exeter, UK. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/planet-2/report/2008/3/challenging-the-aquaculture.pdf
    • (2008) Challenging the Aquaculture Industry on Sustainability
    • Allsopp, M.1    Johnston, P.2    Santillo, D.3
  • 122
    • 84866045693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [http://www.fda.gov/]. New Advice: PregnantWomen and Young Children Should Eat More Fish. June 2014. [cited 2015 Dec 2]
    • FDA consumer health information [http://www.fda.gov/]. New Advice: PregnantWomen and Young Children Should Eat More Fish. June 2014. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/UCM400469.pdf
    • FDA Consumer Health Information
  • 123
    • 84908306966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The FDA’s new advice on fish: It’s complicated
    • Wenstrom KD. The FDA’s new advice on fish: it’s complicated. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(5):475-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.07.048
    • (2014) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.211 , Issue.5 , pp. 475-478
    • Wenstrom, K.D.1
  • 124
    • 84871650415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [http://iom.nationalacademies.org/]. Seafood Choices: Balancing Benefits and Risks. Report Brief, 2006. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from
    • Institute of Medicine of The National Academies [http://iom.nationalacademies.org/]. Seafood Choices: Balancing Benefits and Risks. Report Brief, 2006. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://iom.nationalacademies.org/-/media/iles/Report%20Files/2006/Seafood-Choices-Balancing-Benefits-and-Risks/11762 SeafoodChoicesReportBrief.pdf
    • Institute of Medicine of the National Academies
  • 125
    • 84971565013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [http://www.efsa.europa.eu/]. Statement on the benefits of fish/seafood consumption compared to the risks of methylmercury in fish/seafood. EFSA Journal 2015;13(1):3982. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from
    • EFSA Scientific Committee [http://www.efsa.europa.eu/]. Statement on the benefits of fish/seafood consumption compared to the risks of methylmercury in fish/seafood. EFSA Journal 2015;13(1):3982. [cited 2015 Dec 2] Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/it/efsajournal/doc/3982.pdf
    • EFSA Scientific Committee
  • 127
    • 65549099681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent organic pollutants in fish oil supplements on the canadian market: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers
    • Rawn DF, Breakell K, Verigin V, Nicolidakis H, Sit D, Feeley M, Ryan JJ. Persistent organic pollutants in fish oil supplements on the canadian market: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. J Food Sci. 2009;74(4):T31-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01143.x
    • (2009) J Food Sci , vol.74 , Issue.4
    • Rawn, D.F.1    Breakell, K.2    Verigin, V.3    Nicolidakis, H.4    Sit, D.5    Feeley, M.6    Ryan, J.J.7
  • 128
    • 58649112969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent organic pollutants in fish oil supplements on the Canadian market: Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine insecticides
    • Rawn DF, Breakell K, Verigin V, Nicolidakis H, Sit D, Feeley M. Persistent organic pollutants in fish oil supplements on the Canadian market: Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine insecticides. J Food Sci. 2009;74(1):T14-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01020.x
    • (2009) J Food Sci , vol.74 , Issue.1
    • Rawn, D.F.1    Breakell, K.2    Verigin, V.3    Nicolidakis, H.4    Sit, D.5    Feeley, M.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.