The Gluten-Free Diet: Recognizing Fact, Fiction, and Fad

Journal of Pediatrics

Volumn 175, Issue , 2016, Pages 206-210

  Reilly, Norelle R ^a  

^a Department of Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

celiac disease; FODMAP; gluten related disorders; intestine; nonceliac gluten sensitivity; wheat allergy

Indexed keywords

GLUTEN;

CELIAC DISEASE; FIRST-DEGREE RELATIVE; GLUTEN FREE DIET; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE; NOTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNITED STATES; WHEAT ALLERGY; DIET THERAPY; FEMALE; MALE; PROCEDURES;

CELIAC DISEASE; DIET, GLUTEN-FREE; FEMALE; GLUTENS; HUMANS; MALE;

EID: 84966770504     PISSN: 00223476     EISSN: 10976833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.014     Document Type: Note

References (58)

1. 1 Ludvigsson, J.F., Rubio-Tapia, A., van Dyke, C.T., Melton, L.J. III, Zinsmeister, A.R., Lahr, B.D., et al. Increasing incidence of celiac disease in a North American population. Am J Gastroenterol 108 (2013), 818–824.
2. 2 Topper A. Non-celiacs Drive Gluten-Free Market Growth. Mintel Group Ltd. Web. http://www.mintel.com/blog/food-market-news/gluten-free-consumption-trends. Accessed January 3, 2016.
3. 3 The Hartman Group I. “The Hartman Group's Health & Wellness 2015 and Organic & Natural 2014 reports.” http://www.hartman-group.com/acumenPdfs/gluten-free-2015-09-03.pdf. Accessed December 22, 2015.
4. 4 Choung, R.S., Ditah, I.C., Nadeau, A.M., Rubio-Tapia, A., Marietta, E.V., Brantner, T.L., et al. Trends and racial/ethnic disparities in gluten-sensitive problems in the United States: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2012. Am J Gastroenterol 110 (2015), 455–461.
5. 5 The Nielsen Company. We Are What We Eat: Healthy Eating Trends Around the World. http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/nielsenglobal/eu/nielseninsights/pdfs/Nielsen%20Global%20Health%20and%20Wellness%20Report%20-%20January%202015.pdf. Accessed December 22, 2015.
6. 6 Riffkin R. One in Five Americans Include Gluten-Free Foods in Diet. Gallup, Inc. http://www.gallup.com/poll/184307/one-five-americans-include-gluten-free-foods-diet.aspx. Accessed December 24, 2015.
7. 7 DiGiacomo, D.V., Tennyson, C.A., Green, P.H., Demmer, R.T., Prevalence of gluten-free diet adherence among individuals without celiac disease in the USA: results from the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010. Scand J Gastroenterol 48 (2013), 921–925.
8. 8 Half of Americans Think Gluten-Free Diets are a Fad While 25% Eat Gluten-Free Foods. Mintel Group, Ltd. http://www.mintel.com/press-centre/food-and-drink/half-of-americans-think-gluten-free-diets-are-a-fad-while-25-eat-gluten-free-foods. Accessed December 22, 2015.
9. 9 Kulai, T., Rashid, M., Assessment of nutritional adequacy of packaged gluten-free food products. Can J Diet Pract Res 75 (2014), 186–190.
10. 10 Zuccotti, G., Fabiano, V., Dilillo, D., Picca, M., Cravidi, C., Brambilla, P., Intakes of nutrients in Italian children with celiac disease and the role of commercially available gluten-free products. J Hum Nutr Diet 26 (2013), 436–444.
11. 11 Miranda, J., Lasa, A., Bustamante, M.A., Churruca, I., Simon, E., Nutritional differences between a gluten-free diet and a diet containing equivalent products with gluten. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 69 (2014), 182–187.
12. 12 Kabbani, T.A., Goldberg, A., Kelly, C.P., Pallav, K., Tariq, S., Peer, A., et al. Body mass index and the risk of obesity in coeliac disease treated with the gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 35 (2012), 723–729.
13. 13 Reilly, N.R., Aguilar, K., Hassid, B.G., Cheng, J., Defelice, A.R., Kazlow, P., et al. Celiac disease in normal-weight and overweight children: clinical features and growth outcomes following a gluten-free diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 53 (2011), 528–531.
14. 14 Tortora, R., Capone, P., De Stefano, G., Imperatore, N., Gerbino, N., Donetto, S., et al. Metabolic syndrome in patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 41 (2015), 352–359.
15. 15 Wild, D., Robins, G.G., Burley, V.J., Howdle, P.D., Evidence of high sugar intake, and low fibre and mineral intake, in the gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 32 (2010), 573–581.
16. 16 Shepherd, S.J., Gibson, P.R., Nutritional inadequacies of the gluten-free diet in both recently-diagnosed and long-term patients with coeliac disease. J Hum Nutr Diet 26 (2013), 349–358.
17. 17 Lai, P.Y., Cottingham, K.L., Steinmaus, C., Karagas, M.R., Miller, M.D., Arsenic and rice: translating research to address health care providers' needs. J Pediatr 167 (2015), 797–803.
18. 18 Elli, L., Rossi, V., Conte, D., Ronchi, A., Tomba, C., Passoni, M., et al. Increased Mercury Levels in Patients with Celiac Disease following a Gluten-Free Regimen. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2015, 2015, 953042.
19. 19 Raab, A., Baskaran, C., Feldmann, J., Meharg, A.A., Cooking rice in a high water to rice ratio reduces inorganic arsenic content. J Environ Monit 11 (2009), 41–44.
20. 20 Burden, M., Mooney, P.D., Blanshard, R.J., White, W.L., Cambray-Deakin, D.R., Sanders, D.S., Cost and availability of gluten-free food in the UK: in store and online. Postgrad Med J 91 (2015), 622–626.
21. 21 Lee, A.R., Ng, D.L., Zivin, J., Green, P.H., Economic burden of a gluten-free diet. J Hum Nutr Diet 20 (2007), 423–430.
22. 22 Jordan, N.E., Li, Y., Magrini, D., Simpson, S., Reilly, N.R., Defelice, A.R., et al. Development and validation of a celiac disease quality of life instrument for North American children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 57 (2013), 477–486.
23. 23 Barratt, S.M., Leeds, J.S., Sanders, D.S., Quality of life in Coeliac Disease is determined by perceived degree of difficulty adhering to a gluten-free diet, not the level of dietary adherence ultimately achieved. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 20 (2011), 241–245.
24. 24 Simsek, S., Baysoy, G., Gencoglan, S., Uluca, U., Effects of gluten-free diet on quality of life and depression in children with celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 61 (2015), 303–306.
25. 25 Levine, R.A., Briggs, G.W., Harding, R.S., Nolte, L.B., Prolonged gluten administration in normal subjects. N Engl J Med 274 (1966), 1109–1114.
26. 26 Horiguchi, N., Horiguchi, H., Suzuki, Y., Effect of wheat gluten hydrolysate on the immune system in healthy human subjects. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 69 (2005), 2445–2449.
27. 27 Shan, L., Molberg, O., Parrot, I., Hausch, F., Filiz, F., Gray, G.M., et al. Structural basis for gluten intolerance in celiac sprue. Science 297 (2002), 2275–2279.
28. 28 Hausch, F., Shan, L., Santiago, N.A., Gray, G.M., Khosla, C., Intestinal digestive resistance of immunodominant gliadin peptides. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 283 (2002), G996–G1003.
29. 29 Sapone, A., Lammers, K.M., Casolaro, V., Cammarota, M., Giuliano, M.T., De Rosa, M., et al. Divergence of gut permeability and mucosal immune gene expression in two gluten-associated conditions: celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. BMC Med, 9, 2011, 23.
30. 30 Kasarda, D.D., Can an increase in celiac disease be attributed to an increase in the gluten content of wheat as a consequence of wheat breeding?. J Agric Food Chem 61 (2013), 1155–1159.
31. 31 Fardet, A., Wheat-based foods and non celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity: is drastic processing the main key issue?. Med Hypotheses 85 (2015), 934–939.
32. 32 Salmi, T.T., Hervonen, K., Kautiainen, H., Collin, P., Reunala, T., Prevalence and incidence of dermatitis herpetiformis: a 40-year prospective study from Finland. Br J Dermatol 165 (2011), 354–359.
33. 33 Rubio-Tapia, A., Ludvigsson, J.F., Brantner, T.L., Murray, J.A., Everhart, J.E., The prevalence of celiac disease in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol 107 (2012), 1538–1544 quiz 7, 45.
34. 34 Accomando, S., Cataldo, F., The global village of celiac disease. Dig Liver Dis 36 (2004), 492–498.
35. 35 Lebwohl, B., Granath, F., Ekbom, A., Smedby, K.E., Murray, J.A., Neugut, A.I., et al. Mucosal healing and risk for lymphoproliferative malignancy in celiac disease: a population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med 159 (2013), 169–175.
36. 36 Wierdsma, N.J., van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren, M.A., Berkenpas, M., Mulder, C.J., van Bodegraven, A.A., Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are highly prevalent in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients. Nutrients 5 (2013), 3975–3992.
37. 37 Ludvigsson, J.F., Michaelsson, K., Ekbom, A., Montgomery, S.M., Coeliac disease and the risk of fractures—a general population-based cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 25 (2007), 273–285.
38. 38 Biesiekierski, J.R., Newnham, E.D., Irving, P.M., Barrett, J.S., Haines, M., Doecke, J.D., et al. Gluten causes gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects without celiac disease: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 106 (2011), 508–514 quiz 15.
39. 39 Catassi, C., Elli, L., Bonaz, B., Bouma, G., Carroccio, A., Castillejo, G., et al. Diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): the Salerno Experts' criteria. Nutrients 7 (2015), 4966–4977.
40. 40 Sapone, A., Bai, J.C., Ciacci, C., Dolinsek, J., Green, P.H., Hadjivassiliou, M., et al. Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification. BMC Med, 10, 2012, 13.
41. 41 Francavilla, R., Cristofori, F., Castellaneta, S., Polloni, C., Albano, V., Dellatte, S., et al. Clinical, serologic, and histologic features of gluten sensitivity in children. J Pediatr 164 (2014), 463–467.e1.
42. 42 Guandalini, S., Polanco, I., Nonceliac gluten sensitivity or wheat intolerance syndrome?. J Pediatr 166 (2015), 805–811.
43. 43 Tavakkoli, A., Lewis, S.K., Tennyson, C.A., Lebwohl, B., Green, P.H., Characteristics of patients who avoid wheat and/or gluten in the absence of Celiac disease. Dig Dis Sci 59 (2014), 1255–1261.
44. 44 Biesiekierski, J.R., Peters, S.L., Newnham, E.D., Rosella, O., Muir, J.G., Gibson, P.R., No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology 145 (2013), 320–328.e1-3.
45. 45 Simpson, S., Lebwohl, B., Di Giacomo, D., Minaya, M.T., Sanders, D.S., Green, P.H., Awareness of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity in the United States. Gastroenterology, 140, 2011, S-443.
46. 46 Volta, U., Tovoli, F., Cicola, R., Parisi, C., Fabbri, A., Piscaglia, M., et al. Serological tests in gluten sensitivity (nonceliac gluten intolerance). J Clin Gastroenterol 46 (2012), 680–685.
47. 47 Capannolo, A., Viscido, A., Barkad, M.A., Valerii, G., Ciccone, F., Melideo, D., et al. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity among patients perceiving gluten-related symptoms. Digestion 92 (2015), 8–13.
48. 48 Sicherer, S.H., Determinants of systemic manifestations of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 106 (2000), S251–S257.
49. 49 Singh, P., Arora, S., Lal, S., Strand, T.A., Makharia, G.K., Risk of celiac disease in the first- and second-degree relatives of patients with celiac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 110 (2015), 1539–1548.
50. 50 Liu, E., Lee, H.S., Aronsson, C.A., Hagopian, W.A., Koletzko, S., Rewers, M.J., et al. Risk of pediatric celiac disease according to HLA haplotype and country. N Engl J Med 371 (2014), 42–49.
51. 51 Hill, I.D., Dirks, M.H., Liptak, G.S., Colletti, R.B., Fasano, A., Guandalini, S., et al. Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children: recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 40 (2005), 1–19.
52. 52 Husby, S., Koletzko, S., Korponay-Szabo, I.R., Mearin, M.L., Phillips, A., Shamir, R., et al. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 54 (2012), 136–160.
53. 53 Norris, J.M., Barriga, K., Hoffenberg, E.J., Taki, I., Miao, D., Haas, J.E., et al. Risk of celiac disease autoimmunity and timing of gluten introduction in the diet of infants at increased risk of disease. JAMA 293 (2005), 2343–2351.
54. 54 Pinto-Sánchez, M.I., Verdu, E.F., Liu, E., Bercik, P., Green, P.H., Murray, J.A., et al. Gluten introduction to infant feeding and risk of celiac disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr 168 (2016), 132–143.e3.
55. 55 Lionetti, E., Castellaneta, S., Francavilla, R., Pulvirenti, A., Tonutti, E., Amarri, S., et al. Introduction of gluten, HLA status, and the risk of celiac disease in children. N Engl J Med 371 (2014), 1295–1303.
56. 56 Vriezinga, S.L., Auricchio, R., Bravi, E., Castillejo, G., Chmielewska, A., Crespo Escobar, P., et al. Randomized feeding intervention in infants at high risk for celiac disease. N Engl J Med 371 (2014), 1304–1315.
57. 57 Whiteley, P., Haracopos, D., Knivsberg, A.M., Reichelt, K.L., Parlar, S., Jacobsen, J., et al. The ScanBrit randomised, controlled, single-blind study of a gluten- and casein-free dietary intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders. Nutr Neurosci 13 (2010), 87–100.
58. 58 Hyman, S.L., Stewart, P.A., Foley, J., Cain, U., Peck, R., Morris, D.D., et al. The gluten-free/casein-free diet: a double-blind challenge trial in children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 46 (2016), 205–220.