The cybernetics of TNF: Old views and newer ones

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology

Volumn 50, Issue , 2016, Pages 105-114

  Wallach, David ^a  

^a WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

Author keywords

Caspases; Cell death; Chronic inflammation; Endotoxin tolerance; NF B; TNF

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; BETA INTERFERON; ENDOTOXIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR;

ACUTE DISEASE; APOPTOSIS; AUTOCRINE EFFECT; CELL INTERACTION; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; CYBERNETICS; GENE ACTIVATION; HUMAN; MOLECULAR MEDICINE; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TISSUE INJURY; ANIMAL; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY;

ANIMALS; CYBERNETICS; ENDOTOXINS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; RECEPTORS, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 84959229698     PISSN: 10849521     EISSN: 10963634     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.014     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. Bradley J.R. TNF-mediated inflammatory disease. J. Pathol. 2008, 214:149-160.
2. Kriegler M., Perez C., DeFay K., Albert I., Lu S.D. A novel form of TNF/cachectin is a cell surface cytotoxic transmembrane protein: ramifications for the complex physiology of TNF. Cell 1988, 53:45-53.
3. Black R.A., Rauch C.T., Kozlosky C.J., Peschon J.J., Slack J.L., Wolfson M.F., Castner B.J., Stocking K.L., Reddy P., Srinivasan S., Nelson N., Boiani N., Schooley K.A., Gerhart M., Davis R., Fitzner J.N., Johnson R.S., Paxton R.J., March C.J., Cerretti D.P. A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour-necrosis factor-alpha from cells. Nature 1997, 385:729-733.
4. Eissner G., Kolch W., Scheurich P. Ligands working as receptors: reverse signaling by members of the TNF superfamily enhance the plasticity of the immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2004, 15:353-366.
5. Wajant H., Pfizenmaier K., Scheurich P. Tumor necrosis factor signaling. Cell Death Differ. 2003, 10:45-65.
6. Akira S., Takeda K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2004, 4:499-511.
7. Sabio G., Davis R.J. TNF and MAP kinase signalling pathways. Semin. Immunol. 2014, 26:237-245.
8. Ashkenazi A., Salvesen G. Regulated cell death: signaling and mechanisms. Ann. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2014, 30:337-356.
9. Hayden M.S., Ghosh S. NF-kappaB, the first quarter-century: remarkable progress and outstanding questions. Genes Dev. 2012, 26:203-234.
10. Domonkos A., Udvardy A., Laszlo L., Nagy T., Duda E. Receptor-like properties of the 26 kDa transmembrane form of TNF. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2001, 12:411-419.
11. Friedmann E., Hauben E., Maylandt K., Schleeger S., Vreugde S., Lichtenthaler S.F., Kuhn P.H., Stauffer D., Rovelli G., Martoglio B. SPPL2a and SPPL2b promote intramembrane proteolysis of TNFalpha in activated dendritic cells to trigger IL-12 production. Nat. Cell Biol. 2006, 8:843-848.
12. Rook G.A., Stanford J.L. The Koch phenomenon and the immunopathology of tuberculosis. Curr. Top Microbiol. Immunol. 1996, 215:239-262.
13. Brozna J.P. Shwartzman reaction. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 1990, 16:326-332.
14. Granger G.A., Kolb W.P. Lymphocyte in vitro cytotoxicity: mechanisms of immune and non-immune small lymphocyte mediated target L cell destruction. J. Immunol. 1968, 101:111-120.
15. Ruddle N.H., Waksman B.H. Cytotoxicity mediated by soluble antigen and lymphocytes in delayed hypersensitivity. III. Analysis of mechanisms. J. Exp. Med. 1968, 128:1267-1279.
16. Carswell E.A., Old L.J., Fiore N., Schwartz M.K. An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1975, 72:3666-3670.
17. Kawai T., Satomi N., Sato N., Sakurai A., Haranaka K., Goto T., Suzuki M. Necrotizing activity of tumor necrosis factor: histopathological investigation using Meth A sarcoma and granulation tissue. Virchows Arch. B: Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol. 1987, 53:353-358.
18. Ruegg C., Yilmaz A., Bieler G., Bamat J., Chaubert P., Lejeune F.J. Evidence for the involvement of endothelial cell integrin alphaVbeta3 in the disruption of the tumor vasculature induced by TNF and IFN-gamma. Nat. Med. 1998, 4:408-414.
19. Tracey K.J., Beutler B., Lowry S.F., Merryweather J., Wolpe S., Milsark I.W., Hariri R.J., Fahey T.J., Zentella A., Albert J.D., Shires G.T., Cerami A. Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin. Science 1986, 234:470-474.
20. Hahn T., Toker L., Budilovsky S., Aderka D., Eshhar Z., Wallach D. Use of monoclonal antibodies to a human cytotoxin for its isolation and for examining the self-induction of resistance to this protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1985, 82:3814-3818.
21. Saklatvala J. Tumour necrosis factor alpha stimulates resorption and inhibits synthesis of proteoglycan in cartilage. Nature 1986, 322:547-549.
22. Bertolini D.R., Nedwin G.E., Bringman T.S., Smith D.D., Mundy G.R. Stimulation of bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation in vitro by human tumor necrosis factors. Nature 1986, 319:516-518.
23. van der Poll T., Buller H.R., ten Cate H., Wortel C.H., Bauer K.A., van Deventer S.J., Hack C.E., Sauerwein H.P., Rosenberg R.D., ten Cate J.W. Activation of coagulation after administration of tumor necrosis factor to normal subjects. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 322:1622-1627.
24. Spriggs D.R., Jaffe H.S. Pathophysiologic effects of tumor necrosis factor therapy on cancer patients. Clinical Applications of Cytokines: Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy 1993, 165-170. Oxford University Press, Oxford. J.J. Oppenheim, J.L. Rossio, A.J.H. Gearing (Eds.).
25. Couriel D.R., Saliba R., de Lima M., Giralt S., Andersson B., Khouri I., Hosing C., Ippoliti C., Shpall E.J., Champlin R., Alousi A. A phase III study of infliximab and corticosteroids for the initial treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009, 15:1555-1562.
26. Kamijo R., Le J., Shapiro D., Havell E.A., Huang S., Aguet M., Bosland M., Vilcek J. Mice that lack the interferon-gamma receptor have profoundly altered responses to infection with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and subsequent challenge with lipopolysaccharide. J. Exp. Med. 1993, 178:1435-1440.
27. Wysocka M., Kubin M., Vieira L.Q., Ozmen L., Garotta G., Scott P., Trinchieri G. Interleukin-12 is required for interferon-gamma production and lethality in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 1995, 25:672-676.
28. Movat H.Z., Burrowes C.E., Cybulsky M.I., Dinarello C.A. Acute inflammation and a Shwartzman-like reaction induced by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor Synergistic action of the cytokines in the induction of inflammation and microvascular injury. Am. J. Pathol. 1987, 129:463-476.
29. Rothstein J.L., Schreiber H. Synergy between tumor necrosis factor and bacterial products causes hemorrhagic necrosis and lethal shock in normal mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1988, 85:607-611.
30. Hayes M.P., Zoon K.C. Priming of human monocytes for enhanced lipopolysaccharide responses: expression of alpha interferon, interferon regulatory factors, and tumor necrosis factor. Infect. Immun. 1993, 61:3222-3227.
31. Ohmori Y., Schreiber R.D., Hamilton T.A. Synergy between interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in transcriptional activation is mediated by cooperation between signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor kappaB. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:14899-14907.
32. Schroder K., Sweet M.J., Hume D.A. Signal integration between IFNgamma and TLR signalling pathways in macrophages. Immunobiology 2006, 211:511-524.
33. Israel S., Hahn T., Holtmann H., Wallach D. Binding of human TNF-alpha to high-affinity cell surface receptors: effect of IFN. Immunol. Lett. 1986, 12:217-224.
34. Chen J., Ivashkiv L.B. IFN-gamma abrogates endotoxin tolerance by facilitating Toll-like receptor-induced chromatin remodeling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2010, 107:19438-19443.
35. Rothstein J.L., Lint T.F., Schreiber H. Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin induction of hemorrhagic necrosis in normal tissue requires the fifth component of complement (C5). J. Exp. Med. 1988, 168:2007-2021.
36. Van de Wiel P.A., Bloksma N., Kuper C.F., Hofhuis F.M., Willers J.M. Macroscopic and microscopic early effects of tumour necrosis factor on murine Meth A sarcoma, and relation to curative activity. J. Pathol. 1989, 157:65-73.
37. Renard N., Lienard D., Lespagnard L., Eggermont A., Heimann R., Lejeune F. Early endothelium activation and polymorphonuclear cell invasion precede specific necrosis of human melanoma and sarcoma treated by intravascular high-dose tumour necrosis factor alpha (rTNF alpha). Int. J. Cancer 1994, 57:656-663.
38. Noon L., Cantab B.C. Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever. Lancet 1911, 1572-1573.
39. Freeman J., Oxon M.D. Further observations on the treatment of hay fever by hypodermic inoculations of pollen vaccine. Lancet 1911, 814-817.
40. Biswas S.K., Lopez-Collazo E. Endotoxin tolerance: new mechanisms, molecules and clinical significance. Trends Immunol. 2009, 30:475-487.
41. Beutler B., Milsark I.W., Cerami A.C. Passive immunization against cachectin/tumor necrosis factor protects mice from lethal effect of endotoxin. Science 1985, 229:869-871.
42. Michie H.R., Spriggs D.R., Manogue K.R., Sherman M.L., Revhaug A., O'Dwyer S.T., Arthur K., Dinarello C.A., Cerami A., Wolff S.M., et al. Tumor necrosis factor and endotoxin induce similar metabolic responses in human beings. Surgery 1988, 104:280-286.
43. Takasuka N., Tokunaga T., Akagawa K.S. Preexposure of macrophages to low doses of lipopolysaccharide inhibits the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA but not of IL-1 beta mRNA. J. Immunol. 1991, 146:3824-3830.
44. Zuckerman S.H., Evans G.F., Butler L.D. Endotoxin tolerance: independent regulation of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor expression. Infect. Immun. 1991, 59:2774-2780.
45. Lehner M.D., Hartung T. Endotoxin tolerance-mechanisms and beneficial effects in bacterial infection. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2002, 144:95-141.
46. Colletti L.M., Remick D.G., Campbell D.A. LPS pretreatment protects from hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. J. Surg. Res. 1994, 57:337-343.
47. Pradillo J.M., Romera C., Hurtado O., Cardenas A., Moro M.A., Leza J.C., Davalos A., Castillo J., Lorenzo P., Lizasoain I. TNFR1 upregulation mediates tolerance after brain ischemic preconditioning. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2005, 25:193-203.
48. Iadecola C., Anrather J. The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation. Nat. Med. 2011, 17:796-808.
49. Watanabe N., Tsuji N., Kobayashi D., Yamauchi N., Akiyama S., Sasaki H., Sato T., Okamoto T., Niitsu Y. Endogenous tumor necrosis factor functions as a resistant factor against hyperthermic cytotoxicity in pancreatic carcinoma cells via enhancement of the heart shock element-binding activity of heart shock factor 1. Chemotherapy 1997, 43:406-414.
50. Brown J., Wang H., Hajishengallis G.N., Martin M. TLR-signaling networks: an integration of adaptor molecules, kinases, and cross-talk. J. Dent. Res. 2011, 90:417-427.
51. Kondo T., Kawai T., Akira S. Dissecting negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling. Trends Immunol. 2012, 33:449-458.
52. Ruland J. Return to homeostasis: downregulation of NF-kappaB responses. Nat. Immunol. 2011, 12:709-714.
53. Clark K. Protein kinase networks that limit TLR signalling. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2014, 42:11-24.
54. Tsujimoto M., Yip Y.K., Vilcek J. Tumor necrosis factor: specific binding and internalization in sensitive and resistant cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1985, 82:7626-7630.
55. Lanz M., Malik S., Slevin M.L., Olsson I. Infusion of tumor necrosis factor causes an increase in circulating TNF-binding proteins in humans. Cytokines 1992, 2:402-406.
56. Higuchi M., Aggarwal B.B. TNF induces internalization of the p60 receptor and shedding of the p80 receptor. J. Immunol. 1994, 152:3550-3558.
57. Aderka D., Sorkine P., Abu-Abid S., Lev D., Setton A., Cope A.P., Wallach D., Klausner J. Shedding kinetics of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors after systemic TNF leaking during isolated limb perfusion relevance to the pathophysiology of septic shock. J. Clin. Investig. 1998, 101:650-659.
58. Nomura F., Akashi S., Sakao Y., Sato S., Kawai T., Matsumoto M., Nakanishi K., Kimoto M., Miyake K., Takeda K., Akira S. Cutting edge: endotoxin tolerance in mouse peritoneal macrophages correlates with down-regulation of surface toll-like receptor 4 expression. J. Immunol. 2000, 164:3476-3479.
59. Zager R.A., Johnson A.C., Lund S., Randolph-Habecker J. Toll-like receptor (TLR4) shedding and depletion: acute proximal tubular cell responses to hypoxic and toxic injury. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2007, 292:F304-F312.
60. Xanthoulea S., Pasparakis M., Kousteni S., Brakebusch C., Wallach D., Bauer J., Lassmann H., Kollias G. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor shedding controls thresholds of innate immune activation that balance opposing TNF functions in infectious and inflammatory diseases. J. Exp. Med. 2004, 200:367-376.
61. Iwai K. Diverse ubiquitin signaling in NF-kappaB activation. Trends Cell. Biol. 2012, 22:355-364.
62. Jiang Y., Woronicz J.D., Liu W., Goeddel D.V. Prevention of constitutive TNF receptor 1 signaling by silencer of death domains. Science 1999, 283:543-546.
63. Delhase M., Hayakawa M., Chen Y., Karin M. Positive and negative regulation of IkappaB kinase activity through IKKbeta subunit phosphorylation. Science 1999, 284:309-313.
64. Razani B., Zarnegar B., Ytterberg A.J., Shiba T., Dempsey P.W., Ware C.F., Loo J.A., Cheng G. Negative feedback in noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling modulates NIK stability through IKKalpha-mediated phosphorylation. Sci. Signal. 2010, 3:ra41.
65. Tanaka T., Grusby M.J., Kaisho T. PDLIM2-mediated termination of transcription factor NF-kappaB activation by intranuclear sequestration and degradation of the p65 subunit. Nat. Immunol. 2007, 8:584-591.
66. Ganesh L., Burstein E., Guha-Niyogi A., Louder M.K., Mascola J.R., Klomp L.W., Wijmenga C., Duckett C.S., Nabel G.J. The gene product Murr1 restricts HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ lymphocytes. Nature 2003, 426:853-857.
67. Burstein E., Hoberg J.E., Wilkinson A.S., Rumble J.M., Csomos R.A., Komarck C.M., Maine G.N., Wilkinson J.C., Mayo M.W., Duckett C.S. COMMD proteins, a novel family of structural and functional homologs of MURR1. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:22222-22232.
68. Geng H., Wittwer T., Dittrich-Breiholz O., Kracht M., Schmitz M.L. Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 at Ser468 controls its COMMD1-dependent ubiquitination and target gene-specific proteasomal elimination. EMBO Rep. 2009, 10:381-386.
69. Rice N.R., MacKichan M.L., Israel A. The precursor of NF-kappa B p50 has I kappa B-like functions. Cell 1992, 71:243-253.
70. Naumann M., Nieters A., Hatada E.N., Scheidereit C. NF-kappa B precursor p100 inhibits nuclear translocation and DNA binding of NF-kappa B/rel-factors. Oncogene 1993, 8:2275-2281.
71. Basak S., Kim H., Kearns J.D., Tergaonkar V., O'Dea E., Werner S.L., Benedict C.A., Ware C.F., Ghosh G., Verma I.M., Hoffmann A. A fourth IkappaB protein within the NF-kappaB signaling module. Cell 2007, 128:369-381.
72. Savinova O.V., Hoffmann A., Ghosh G. The Nfkb1 and Nfkb2 proteins p105 and p100 function as the core of high-molecular-weight heterogeneous complexes. Mol. Cell 2009, 34:591-602.
73. Yilmaz Z.B., Kofahl B., Beaudette P., Baum K., Ipenberg I., Weih F., Wolf J., Dittmar G., Scheidereit C. Quantitative dissection and modeling of the NF-kappaB p100-p105 module reveals interdependent precursor proteolysis. Cell Rep. 2014, 9:1756-1769.
74. Banoth B., Chatterjee B., Vijayaragavan B., Prasad M.V., Roy P., Basak S. Stimulus-selective crosstalk via the NF-kappaB signaling system reinforces innate immune response to alleviate gut infection. Elife 2015, 4.
75. Kastenbauer S., Ziegler-Heitbrock H.W. NF-kappaB1 (p50) is upregulated in lipopolysaccharide tolerance and can block tumor necrosis factor gene expression. Infect. Immun. 1999, 67:1553-1559.
76. Wedel A., Frankenberger M., Sulski G., Petersmann I., Kuprash D., Nedospasov S., Ziegler-Heitbrock H.W. Role of p52 (NF-kappaB2) in LPS tolerance in a human B cell line. Biol. Chem. 1999, 380:1193-1199.
77. Foster S.L., Hargreaves D.C., Medzhitov R. Gene-specific control of inflammation by TLR-induced chromatin modifications. Nature 2007, 447:972-978.
78. Park S.H., Park-Min K.H., Chen J., Hu X., Ivashkiv L.B. Tumor necrosis factor induces GSK3 kinase-mediated cross-tolerance to endotoxin in macrophages. Nat. Immunol. 2011, 12:607-615.
79. Li L., Chen S.F., Liu Y. MAP kinase phosphatase-1, a critical negative regulator of the innate immune response. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2009, 2:48-67.
80. Suarez Y., Wang C., Manes T.D., Pober J.S. Cutting edge: TNF-induced microRNAs regulate TNF-induced expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on human endothelial cells: feedback control of inflammation. J. Immunol. 2010, 184:21-25.
81. Nahid M.A., Satoh M., Chan E.K. MicroRNA in TLR signaling and endotoxin tolerance. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2011, 8:388-403.
82. Rapicavoli N.A., Qu K., Zhang J., Mikhail M., Laberge R.M., Chang H.Y. A mammalian pseudogene lncRNA at the interface of inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Elife 2013, 2:e00762.
83. Tanabe Y., Kohchi C., Kitahara-Tanabe N., Mizuno D., Soma G. Involvement of 26-kDa membrane-bound tumour necrosis factor precursor in bidirectional feedback regulation on 17-kDa tumour necrosis factor production after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide. Cytokine 1998, 10:82-92.
84. Sipos O., Török A., Kalic T., Duda E., Filkor K. Reverse signaling contributes to control of chronic inflammation by anti-TNF therapeutics. Antibodies 2015, 4:123-140.
85. Nophar Y., Holtmann H., Ber R., Wallach D. Dominance of resistance to the cytocidal effect of tumor necrosis factor in heterokaryons formed by fusion of resistant and sensitive cells. J. Immunol. 1988, 140:3456-3460.
86. Wallach D. Preparations of lymphotoxin induce resistance to their own cytotoxic effect. J. Immunol. 1984, 132:2464-2469.
87. Holtmann H., Hahn T., Wallach D. Interrelated effects of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 on cell viability. Immunobiology 1988, 177:7-22.
88. Wallach D., Varfolomeev E.E., Malinin N.L., Goltsev Y.V., Kovalenko A.V., Boldin M.P. Tumor necrosis factor receptor and Fas signaling mechanisms. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 1999, 17:331-367.
89. Oberst A., Dillon C.P., Weinlich R., McCormick L.L., Fitzgerald P., Pop C., Hakem R., Salvesen G.S., Green D.R. Catalytic activity of the caspase-8-FLIP(L) complex inhibits RIPK3-dependent necrosis. Nature 2011, 471:363-367.
90. Feoktistova M., Geserick P., Kellert B., Dimitrova D.P., Langlais C., Hupe M., Cain K., Macfarlane M., Hacker G., Leverkus M. cIAPs block ripoptosome formation, a RIP1/caspase-8 containing intracellular cell death complex differentially regulated by cFLIP isoforms. Mol. Cell 2011.
91. Liu J., Lin A. Role of JNK activation in apoptosis: a double-edged sword. Cell Res. 2005, 15:36-42.
92. Li J., Bombeck C.A., Yang S., Kim Y.M., Billiar T.R. Nitric oxide suppresses apoptosis via interrupting caspase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:17325-17333.
93. Wallach D., Kovalenko A.V., Varfolomeev E.E., Boldin M.P. Death-inducing functions of ligands of the tumor necrosis factor family: a Sanhedrin verdict. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 1998, 10:279-288.
94. Mannick J.B., Hausladen A., Liu L., Hess D.T., Zeng M., Miao Q.X., Kane L.S., Gow A.J., Stamler J.S. Fas-induced caspase denitrosylation. Science 1999, 284:651-654.
95. O'Donnell M.A., Legarda-Addison D., Skountzos P., Yeh W.C., Ting A.T. Ubiquitination of RIP1 regulates an NF-kappaB-independent cell-death switch in TNF signaling. Curr. Biol. 2007, 17:418-424.
96. Hatano E., Bennett B.L., Manning A.M., Qian T., Lemasters J.J., Brenner D.A. NF-kappaB stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase to protect mouse hepatocytes from TNF-alpha- and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Gastroenterology 2001, 120:1251-1262.
97. Lin Y., Devin A., Rodriguez Y., Liu Z.G. Cleavage of the death domain kinase RIP by caspase-8 prompts TNF-induced apoptosis. Genes Dev. 1999, 13:2514-2526.
98. Henkler F., Baumann B., Fotin-Mleczek M., Weingartner M., Schwenzer R., Peters N., Graness A., Wirth T., Scheurich P., Schmid J.A., Wajant H. Caspase-mediated cleavage converts the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-1 from a selective modulator of TNF receptor signaling to a general inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:29216-29230.
99. Kim H.S., Chang I., Kim J.Y., Choi K.H., Lee M.S. Caspase-mediated p65 cleavage promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res. 2005, 65:6111-6119.
100. Holler N., Zaru R., Micheau O., Thome M., Attinger A., Valitutti S., Bodmer J.L., Schneider P., Seed B., Tschopp J. Fas triggers an alternative, caspase-8-independent cell death pathway using the kinase RIP as effector molecule. Nat. Immunol. 2000, 1:489-495.
101. Newton K., Dugger D.L., Wickliffe K.E., Kapoor N., de Almagro M.C., Vucic D., Komuves L., Ferrando R.E., French D.M., Webster J., Roose-Girma M., Warming S., Dixit V.M. Activity of protein kinase RIPK3 determines whether cells die by necroptosis or apoptosis. Science 2014, 343:1357-1360.
102. Micheau O., Tschopp J. Induction of TNF receptor I-mediated apoptosis via two sequential signaling complexes. Cell 2003, 114:181-190.
103. Galanos C., Freudenberg M.A., Reutter W. Galactosamine-induced sensitization to the lethal effects of endotoxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1979, 76:5939-5943.
104. Wallach D., Holtmann H., Engelmann H., Nophar Y. Sensitization and desensitization to lethal effects of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1. J. Immunol. 1988, 140:2994-2999.
105. Freudenberg M.A., Galanos C. Induction of tolerance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-d-galactosamine lethality by pretreatment with LPS is mediated by macrophages. Infect. Immun. 1988, 56:1352-1357.
106. Wallach D., Kang T.B., Kovalenko A. Concepts of tissue injury and cell death in inflammation: a historical perspective. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2014, 14:51-59.
107. Turnbull A.V., Rivier C.L. Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cytokines: actions and mechanisms of action. Physiol. Rev. 1999, 79:1-71.
108. Noti M., Corazza N., Mueller C., Berger B., Brunner T. TNF suppresses acute intestinal inflammation by inducing local glucocorticoid synthesis. J. Exp. Med. 2010, 207:1057-1066.
109. Fournier T., Fadok V., Henson P.M. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inversely regulates prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin E2 production in murine macrophages Synergistic action of cyclic AMP on cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272:31065-31072.
110. Kunkel S.L., Spengler M., May M.A., Spengler R., Larrick J., Remick D. Prostaglandin E2 regulates macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 1988, 263:5380-5384.
111. Renz H., Gong J.H., Schmidt A., Nain M., Gemsa D. Release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from macrophages. Enhancement and suppression are dose-dependently regulated by prostaglandin E2 and cyclic nucleotides. J. Immunol. 1988, 141:2388-2393.
112. Kast R.E. Tumor necrosis factor has positive and negative self regulatory feed back cycles centered around cAMP. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 2000, 22:1001-1006.
113. Di Giovine F.S., Nuki G., Duff G.W. Tumour necrosis factor in synovial exudates. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1988, 47:768-772.
114. Saxne T., Palladino M.A., Heinegard D., Talal N., Wollheim F.A. Detection of tumor necrosis factor alpha but not tumor necrosis factor beta in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid and serum. Arthritis Rheum. 1988, 31:1041-1045.
115. Firestein G.S., Alvaro-Gracia J.M., Maki R. Quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Immunol. 1990, 144:3347-3353.
116. Cappello M., Keshav S., Prince C., Jewell D.P., Gordon S. Detection of mRNAs for macrophage products in inflammatory bowel disease by in situ hybridisation. Gut 1992, 33:1214-1219.
117. Braegger C.P., Nicholls S., Murch S.H., Stephens S., MacDonald T.T. Tumour necrosis factor alpha in stool as a marker of intestinal inflammation. Lancet 1992, 339:89-91.
118. Murch S.H., Braegger C.P., Walker-Smith J.A., MacDonald T.T. Location of tumour necrosis factor alpha by immunohistochemistry in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1993, 34:1705-1709.
119. Ettehadi P., Greaves M.W., Wallach D., Aderka D., Camp R.D. Elevated tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) biological activity in psoriatic skin lesions. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1994, 96:146-151.
120. Kawane K., Tanaka H., Kitahara Y., Shimaoka S., Nagata S. Cytokine-dependent but acquired immunity-independent arthritis caused by DNA escaped from degradation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2010, 107:19432-19437.
121. van Dullemen H.M., van Deventer S.J., Hommes D.W., Bijl H.A., Jansen J., Tytgat G.N., Woody J. Treatment of Crohn's disease with anti-tumor necrosis factor chimeric monoclonal antibody (cA2). Gastroenterology 1995, 109:129-135.
122. Sfikakis P.P. The first decade of biologic TNF antagonists in clinical practice: lessons learned, unresolved issues and future directions. Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. 2010, 11:180-210.
123. Ulfgren A.K., Andersson U., Engstrom M., Klareskog L., Maini R.N., Taylor P.C. Systemic anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis down-regulates synovial tumor necrosis factor alpha synthesis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000, 43:2391-2396.
124. Brydges S., Kastner D.L. The systemic autoinflammatory diseases: inborn errors of the innate immune system. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 2006, 305:127-160.
125. Hao S., Baltimore D. RNA splicing regulates the temporal order of TNF-induced gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2013, 110:11934-11939.
126. Hao S., Baltimore D. The stability of mRNA influences the temporal order of the induction of genes encoding inflammatory molecules. Nat. Immunol. 2009, 10:281-288.
127. Poppers D.M., Schwenger P., Vilcek J. Persistent tumor necrosis factor signaling in normal human fibroblasts prevents the complete resynthesis of I kappa B-alpha. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275:29587-29593.
128. Workman L.M., Habelhah H. TNFR1 signaling kinetics: spatiotemporal control of three phases of IKK activation by posttranslational modification. Cell. Signal. 2013, 25:1654-1664.
129. Walczak H., Iwai K., Dikic I. Generation and physiological roles of linear ubiquitin chains. BMC Biol. 2012, 10:23.
130. Hoffmann A., Levchenko A., Scott M.L., Baltimore D. The IkappaB-NF-kappaB signaling module: temporal control and selective gene activation. Science 2002, 298:1241-1245.
131. Nelson D.E., Ihekwaba A.E., Elliott M., Johnson J.R., Gibney C.A., Foreman B.E., Nelson G., See V., Horton C.A., Spiller D.G., Edwards S.W., McDowell H.P., Unitt J.F., Sullivan E., Grimley R., Benson N., Broomhead D., Kell D.B., White M.R. Oscillations in NF-kappaB signaling control the dynamics of gene expression. Science 2004, 306:704-708.
132. Winzen R., Wallach D., Kemper O., Resch K., Holtmann H. Selective up-regulation of the 75-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and its mRNA by TNF and IL-1. J. Immunol. 1993, 150:4346-4353.
133. Saccani S., Pantano S., Natoli G. Modulation of NF-kappaB activity by exchange of dimers. Mol. Cell 2003, 11:1563-1574.
134. Jacobsen H., Mestan J., Mittnacht S., Dieffenbach C.W. Beta interferon subtype 1 induction by tumor necrosis factor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1989, 9:3037-3042.
135. Yarilina A., Park-Min K.H., Antoniv T., Hu X., Ivashkiv L.B. TNF activates an IRF1-dependent autocrine loop leading to sustained expression of chemokines and STAT1-dependent type I interferon-response genes. Nat. Immunol. 2008, 9:378-387.
136. Yarilina A., Ivashkiv L.B. Type I interferon: a new player in TNF signaling. Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. 2010, 11:94-104.
137. Lee A., Qiao Y., Grigoriev G., Chen J., Park-Min K.H., Park S.H., Ivashkiv L.B., Kalliolias G.D. Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces sustained signaling and a prolonged and unremitting inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum. 2013, 65:928-938.
138. Monticelli S., Natoli G. Short-term memory of danger signals and environmental stimuli in immune cells. Nat. Immunol. 2013, 14:777-784.
139. Sohn C., Lee A., Qiao Y., Loupasakis K., Ivashkiv L.B., Kalliolias G.D. Prolonged tumor necrosis factor alpha primes fibroblast-like synoviocytes in a gene-specific manner by altering chromatin. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015, 67:86-95.
140. van der Pouw Kraan T.C., van Gaalen F.A., Kasperkovitz P.V., Verbeet N.L., Smeets T.J., Kraan M.C., Fero M., Tak P.P., Huizinga T.W., Pieterman E., Breedveld F.C., Alizadeh A.A., Verweij C.L. Rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous disease: evidence for differences in the activation of the STAT-1 pathway between rheumatoid tissues. Arthritis Rheum. 2003, 48:2132-2145.
141. Brakebusch C., Varfolomeev E.E., Batkin M., Wallach D. Structural requirements for inducible shedding of the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269:32488-32496.
142. Cope A.P., Aderka D., Doherty M., Engelmann H., Gibbons D., Jones A.C., Brennan F.M., Maini R.N., Wallach D., Feldmann M. Increased levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in the sera and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 1992, 35:1160-1169.
143. Engelmann H., Novick D., Wallach D. Two tumor necrosis factor-binding proteins purified from human urine Evidence for immunological cross-reactivity with cell surface tumor necrosis factor receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 1990, 265:1531-1536.
144. Aderka D., Engelmann H., Maor Y., Brakebusch C., Wallach D. Stabilization of the bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor by its soluble receptors. J. Exp. Med. 1992, 175:323-329.
145. McInnes I.B., Schett G. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011, 365:2205-2219.
146. Lacraz S., Isler P., Vey E., Welgus H.G., Dayer J.M. Direct contact between T lymphocytes and monocytes is a major pathway for induction of metalloproteinase expression. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269:22027-22033.
147. McInnes I.B., Leung B.P., Sturrock R.D., Field M., Liew F.Y. Interleukin-15 mediates T cell-dependent regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Med. 1997, 3:189-195.
148. Sebbag M., Parry S.L., Brennan F.M., Feldmann M. Cytokine stimulation of T lymphocytes regulates their capacity to induce monocyte production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not interleukin-10: possible relevance to pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur. J. Immunol. 1997, 27:624-632.
149. Moelants E.A., Mortier A., Van Damme J., Proost P. Regulation of TNF-alpha with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 2013, 91:393-401.
150. Armaka M., Apostolaki M., Jacques P., Kontoyiannis D.L., Elewaut D., Kollias G. Mesenchymal cell targeting by TNF as a common pathogenic principle in chronic inflammatory joint and intestinal diseases. J. Exp. Med. 2008, 205:331-337.