Quadruple-junction solar cells and modules based on amorphous and microcrystalline silicon with high stable efficiencies

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Volumn 54, Issue 8, 2015, Pages

  Kirner, Simon ^a   Neubert, Sebastian ^a   Schultz, Christof ^b   Gabriel, Onno ^a   Stannowski, Bernd ^a   Rech, Bernd ^a   Schlatmann, Rutger ^a,b  

^a HAHN MEITNER INSTITUT   (Germany)

^b Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Technik   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EFFICIENCY; ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; MICROCRYSTALS; SILICON SOLAR CELLS;

ABSORBER THICKNESS; APERTURE AREA; CELL INTERCONNECTION; DOPING CONCENTRATION; INTERMEDIATE REFLECTORS; JUNCTION DESIGN; LASER DESIGNS; STABLE EFFICIENCIES;

AMORPHOUS SILICON;

EID: 84938510620     PISSN: 00214922     EISSN: 13474065     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7567/JJAP.54.08KB03     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (64)

1. S. Kim, J.-W. Chung, H. Lee, J. Park, Y. Heo, and H.-M. Lee, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 119, 26 (2013).
2. B. Rech and H. Wagner, Appl. Phys. A 69, 155 (1999).
3. S. Benagli, D. Borrello, E. Vallat-Sauvain, J. Meier, U. Kroll, J. Hoetzel, J. Bailat, J. Steinhauser, M. Marmelo, G. Monteduro, and L. Castens, Proc. 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. (EU PVSEC), 2009, p. 21.
4. M. Stuckelberger, A. Billet, Y. Riesen, M. Boccard, M. Despeisse, J.-W. Schüttauf, F.-J. Haug, and C. Ballif, Prog. Photovoltaics (in press) [DOI: 10.1002/pip.2559].
5. A. Lambertz and M. Meier, presented at European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. (EU PVSEC), 2014 [http://www.fast-track.eu/news/new-world-record-solar-cell-device-.html].
6. Y. Ichikawa, S. Fujikake, T. Yoshida, T. Hama, and H. Sakai, Proc. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (PVSC), 1990, p. 1475.
7. J. Meier, P. Torres, R. Platz, S. Dubail, U. Kroll, J. A. Anna Selvan, N. Pellaton Vaucher, Ch. Hof, D. Fischer, H. Keppner, A. Shah, K.-D. Ufert, P. Giannoul?s, and J. Koehler, MRS Proc. 420, 3 (1996).
8. D. Fischer, S. Dubail, J. A. Anna Selvan, N. P. Vaucher, R. Platz, Ch. Hof, U. Kroll, J. Meier, P. Torres, H. Keppner, N. Wyrsch, M. Goetz, A. Shah, and K.-D. Ufert, Proc. IEEE 25th Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (PVSC), 1996, p. 1053.
9. X. Xu, T. Su, S. Ehlert, G. Pietka, D. Bobela, D. Beglau, J. Zhang, Y. Li, G. DeMaggio, C. Worrel, K. Lord, G. Yue, B. Yan, K. Beernink, F. Liu, A. Banerjee, J. Yang, and S. Guha, Proc. 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (PVSC), 2010, 001141.
10. F. T. Si, D. Y. Kim, R. Santbergen, H. Tan, R. A. C. M. M. van Swaaij, A. H. M. Smets, O. Isabella, and M. Zeman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 063902 (2014).
11. O. Isabella, A. H. M. Smets, and M. Zeman, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 129, 82 (2014).
12. S. Neubert, M. Wimmer, F. Ruske, S. Calnan, O. Gabriel, B. Stannowski, R. Schlatmann, and B. Rech, Prog. Photovoltaics 22, 1285 (2014).
13. S. Kirner, Ph.D. dissertation, TU Berlin (2014).
14. K. Schwanitz, S. Klein, T. Stolley, M. Rohde, D. Severin, and R. Trassl, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 105, 187 (2012).
15. M. Rohde, M. Zelt, O. Gabriel, S. Neubert, S. Kirner, D. Severin, T. Stolley, B. Rau, B. Stannowski, and R. Schlatmann, Thin Solid Films 558, 337 (2014).
16. D. Stellmach, P. Bogdanoff, O. Gabriel, B. Stannowski, R. Schlatmann, R. van de Krol, and S. Fiechter, in Materials and Processes for Energy: Communicating Current Research and Technological Developments, ed. A. Mendez-Vilas (Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, 2013) p. 880.
17. B. Stannowski, O. Gabriel, S. Calnan, S. Neubert, S. Kirner, S. Ring, M. Zelt, B. Rau, R. Schlatmann, and B. Rech, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 119, 196 (2013).
18. P. Buehlmann, J. Bailat, D. Dominé, A. Billet, F. Meillaud, A. Feltrin, and C. Ballif, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 143505 (2007).
19. A. Lambertz, T. Grundler, and F. Finger, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113109 (2011).
20. S. Kirner, S. Calnan, O. Gabriel, S. Neubert, M. Zelt, B. Stannowski, B. Rech, and R. Schlatmann, Phys. Status Solidi C 9, 2145 (2012).
21. Y. Mai, S. Klein, X. Geng, and F. Finger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2839 (2004).
22. B. Yan, G. Yue, J. Yang, S. Guha, D. L. Williamson, D. Han, and C.-S. Jiang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1955 (2004).
23. M. Kondo, M. Fukawa, L. Guo, and A. Matsuda, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 266-269, 84 (2000).
24. T. Roschek, T. Repmann, J. Müller, B. Rech, and H. Wagner, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 20, 492 (2002).
25. M. Despeisse, G. Bugnon, A. Feltrin, M. Stueckelberger, P. Cuony, F. Meillaud, A. Billet, and C. Ballif, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 073507 (2010).
26. R. Biron, C. Pahud, F.-J. Haug, J. Escarre, K. Soderstrom, and C. Ballif, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 124511 (2011).
27. O. Gabriel, S. Kirner, M. Klick, B. Stannowski, B. Rech, and R. Schlatmann, EPJ Photovoltaics 5, 55202 (2014).
28. C. Ulbrich, A. Gerber, K. Hermans, A. Lambertz, and U. Rau, Prog. Photovoltaics 21, 1672 (2013).
29. J. Müller, G. Schope, B. Rech, H. Schade, P. Lechner, R. Geyer, H. Stiebig, and W. Reetz, Proc. 3rd World Conf. Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC), 2003, p. 1839.
30. P. Cuony, D. T. L. Alexander, I. Perez-Wurfl, M. Despeisse, G. Bugnon, M. Boccard, T. Söderström, A. Hessler-Wyser, C. Hébert, and C. Ballif, Adv. Mater. 24, 1182 (2012).
31. P. Cuony, M. Marending, D. T. L. Alexander, M. Boccard, G. Bugnon, M. Despeisse, and C. Ballif, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 213502 (2010).
32. V. Smirnov, W. Böttler, A. Lambertz, H. Wang, R. Carius, and F. Finger, Phys. Status Solidi C 7, 1053 (2010).
33. A. Lambertz, A. Dasgupta, W. Reetz, A. Gordijn, R. Carius, and F. Finger, Proc. 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. (EU PVSEC), 2007, p. 1839.
34. B. Janthong, A. Hongsingthong, T. Krajangsang, L. Zhang, P. Sichanugrist, and M. Konagai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 358, 2478 (2012).
35. P. D. Veneri, L. V. Mercaldo, and I. Usatii, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 023512 (2010).
36. G. Bugnon, G. Parascandolo, T. Söderström, P. Cuony, M. Despeisse, S. Hänni, J. Holovsky, F. Meillaud, and C. Ballif, Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 3665 (2012).
37. R. Biron, C. Pahud, F.-J. Haug, and C. Ballif, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 358, 1958 (2012).
38. H. Tan, P. Babal, M. Zeman, and A. H. Smets, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 132, 597 (2015).
39. A. Matsuda, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 59-60, 767 (1983).
40. C. C. Tsai, G. B. Anderson, R. Thompson, and B. Wacker, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 114, 151 (1989).
41. K. Nakamura, K. Yoshino, S. Takeoka, and I. Shimizu, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, 442 (1995).
42. S. Kirner, O. Gabriel, B. Stannowski, B. Rech, and R. Schlatmann, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 051906 (2013).
43. O. Gabriel, S. Kirner, M. Klingsporn, F. Friedrich, B. Stannowski, and R. Schlatmann, Plasma Processes Polym. 12, 82 (2015).
44. T. Roschek, Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Düsseldorf (2003).
45. V. Smirnov, A. Lambertz, S. Tillmanns, and F. Finger, Can. J. Phys. 92, 932 (2014).
46. J. Perrin, Y. Takeda, N. Hirano, Y. Takeuchi, and A. Matsuda, Surf. Sci. 210, 114 (1989).
47. M. Boccard, M. Despeisse, J. Escarre, X. Niquille, G. Bugnon, S. Hanni, M. Bonnet-Eymard, F. Meillaud, and C. Ballif, IEEE J. Photovoltaics 4, 1368 (2014).
48. C. Rockstuhl, S. Fahr, K. Bittkau, T. Beckers, R. Carius, F.-J. Haug, T. Söderström, C. Ballif, and F. Lederer, Opt. Express 18, A335 (2010).
49. S. Kirner, M. Hammerschmidt, C. Schwanke, D. Lockau, S. Calnan, T. Frijnts, S. Neubert, A. Schopke, F. Schmidt, J.-H. Zollondz, A. Heidelberg, B. Stannowski, B. Rech, and R. Schlatmann, IEEE J. Photovoltaics 4, 10 (2013).
50. C. Zhang, M. Meier, A. Hoffmann, W. Zhang, K. Bittkau, G. Jost, U. W. Paetzold, M. Ermes, and T. Merdzhanova, IEEE J. Photovoltaics 5, 33 (2015).
51. B. Yan, G. Yue, L. Sivec, J. Yang, S. Guha, and C.-S. Jiang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 113512 (2011).
52. D. L. Staebler and C. R. Wronski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 292 (1977).
53. Y. Gupta, H. Liers, S. Woods, S. Young, R. Deblasio, and L. Mrig, Proc. 16th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (PVSC), 1982, p. 1092.
54. S. Y. Myong and L. S. Jeon, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 119, 77 (2013).
55. A. Hoffmann, U. W. Paetzold, C. Zhang, T. Merdzhanova, A. Lambertz, C. Ulbrich, K. Bittkau, and U. Rau, Opt. Express 22, A1270 (2014).
56. B. Niesen, N. Blondiaux, M. Boccard, M. Stuckelberger, R. Pugin, E. Scolan, F. Meillaud, F.-J. Haug, A. Hessler-Wyser, and C. Ballif, Nano Lett. 14, 5085 (2014).
57. B. Rech, S. Wieder, F. Siebke, C. Beneking, and H. Wagner, MRS Proc. 420, 33 (1996).
58. J. Yang, A. Banerjee, and S. Guha, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 2975 (1997).
59. A. Delahoy, Sol. Cells 27, 39 (1989).
60. S. Inthisang, T. Krajangsang, P. Sichanugrist, T. Watahiki, S. Miyajima, A. Yamada, and M. Konagai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 111401 (2011).
61. K. Sriprapha, A. Hongsingthong, T. Krajangsang, S. Inthisang, S. Jaroensathainchok, A. Limmanee, W. Titiroongruang, and J. Sritharathikhun, Thin Solid Films 546, 398 (2013).
62. T. Matsui, H. Sai, K. Saito, and M. Kondo, Prog. Photovoltaics 21, 1363 (2013).
63. H. Sai, T. Matsui, K. Matsubara, M. Kondo, and I. Yoshida, IEEE J. Photovoltaics 4, 1349 (2014).
64. J.-W. Schüttauf, B. Niesen, L. Löfgren, M. Bonnet-Eymard, M. Stuckelberger, S. Hänni, M. Boccard, G. Bugnon, M. Despeisse, F.-J. Haug, F. Meillaud, and C. Ballif, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 133, 163 (2015).