Vascular endothelium: Functioning in norm, changes in atherosclerosis and current dietary approaches to improve endothelial function

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 338-350

  Chistiakov, Dimitry A ^a   Revin, Victor V ^b   Sobenin, Igor A ^c,d   Orekhov, Alexander N ^d,e,f   Bobryshev, Yuri V ^g,h  

^a PIROGOV RUSSIAN NATIONAL RESEARCH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^b OGAREV MORDOVIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^c INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL CARDIOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

^d INSTITUTE OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

^e Institute for Atherosclerosis Research   (Russian Federation)

^f MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^g UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^h UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anti atherosclerotic therapy; Arteries; Atherogenesis; Atherosclerosis; Endothelium; Pathology

Indexed keywords

CAVEOLIN; FLAVONOID; NITRIC OXIDE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNEL;

ANGIOGENESIS; ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; BLOOD CLOTTING; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; LIFESTYLE AND RELATED PHENOMENA; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RED WINE; RISK ASSESSMENT; THROMBOSIS; VASCULAR DISEASE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; ANIMAL; CONVALESCENCE; CYTOLOGY; DIET; PATHOLOGY;

ANIMALS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIET; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HUMANS; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION;

EID: 84930978845     PISSN: 13895575     EISSN: 18755607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1389557515666150226114031     Document Type: Article

References (165)

1. Cines, D. B.; Pollak, E. S.; Buck, C. A.; Loscalzo, J.; Zimmerman, G. A.; McEver, R. P.; Pober, J. S.; Wick, T. M.; Konkle, B. A.; Schwartz, B. S.; Barnathan, E. S.; McCrae, K. R.; Hug, B. A.; Schmidt, A. M.; Stern, D. M. Endothelial cells in physiology and in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders. Blood, 1998, 91, 3527-61.
2. Aird, W. C. Phenotypic heterogeneity of the endothelium: I. Structure, function, and mechanisms. Circ. Res., 2007, 100, 158-73.
3. Aird, W. C. Endothelium in health and disease. Pharm. Rep., 2008, 60, 139-43.
4. Favero, G; Paganelli, C; Buffoli, B; Rodella, L. F.; Rezzani, R. Endothelium and its alterations in cardiovascular diseases: life style intervention. Bio. Med. Res. Int., 2014, 2014, 801896.
5. Rajendran, P.; Rengarajan, T.; Thangavel, J.; Nishigaki, Y.; Sakthisekaran, D.; Sethi, G.; Nishigaki, Y. The vascular endothelium and human diseases. Int. J. Biol. Sci., 2013, 9, 1057-1069.
6. Patel, J. C. Functions of endothelium. Indian J. Med. Sci., 2001, 55, 165-6.
7. Wisse, E. An electron microscopic study of the fenestrated endothelial lining of rat liver sinusoids. J. Ultrasruct. Res., 1970, 31, 125-50.
8. Simionescu, M.; Simionescu, N.; Palade, G. E. Morphometric data on the endothelium of blood capillaries. J. Cell Biol., 1974, 60, 128-52.
9. Dejana, E.; Corada, M.; Lampugnani, M. G. Endothelial cell-to-cell junctions. FASEB J., 1995, 9, 910-8.
10. Pasyk, K. A.; Jakobczak, B. A. Vascular endothelium: recent advances. Eur. J. Dermatol., 2004, 14, 209-13.
11. Bazzoni, G.; Dejana, E. Endothelial cell-to-cell junctions: molecular organization and role in vascular homeostasis. Physiol. Rev., 2004, 84, 869-901.
12. Runkle, E. A.; Mu, D. Tight junction proteins: from barrier to tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett., 2013, 337, 41-8.
13. Ebnet, K. Organization of multiprotein complexes at cell-cell junctions. Histochem. Cell Biol., 2008, 130, 1-20.
14. Schulzke, J. D.; Günzel, D.; John, L. J.; Fromm, M. Perspectives on tight junction research. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 2012, 1257, 1-19.
15. Beech, D. J. Characteristics of transient receptor potential canonical calcium-permeable channels and their relevance to vascular physiology and disease. Circ. J., 2013, 77, 570-9.
16. Poteser, M.; Graziani, A.; Rosker, C.; Eder, P.; Derler, I.; Kahr, H.; Zhu, M. X.; Romanin, C.; Groschner, K. TRPC3 and TRPC4 associate to form a redox-sensitive cation channel: evidence for expression of native TRPC3-TRPC4 heteromeric channels in endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281, 13588-95.
17. Miller, B. A.; Zhang, W. TRP channels as mediators of oxidative stress. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2011, 704, 531-44.
18. Freichel, M.; Suh, S. H.; Pfeifer, A.; Schweig, U.; Trost, C.; Weissgerber, P.; Biel, M.; Philipp, S.; Freise, D.; Droogmans, G.; Hofmann, F.; Flockerzi, V.; Nilius, B. Lack of an endothelial storeoperated Ca2+ current impairs agonist-dependent vasorelaxation in TRP4-/-mice. Nat. Cell Biol., 2001, 3, 121-7.
19. Dietrich, A.; Kalwa, H.; Gudermann, G. TRPC channels in vascular cell function. Thromb Haemost., 2010, 103, 262-70.
20. Chaudhuri, P.; Colles, S. M.; Damron, D. S.; Graham, L. M. Lysophosphatidylcholine inhibits endothelial cell migration by increasing intracellular calcium and activating calpain. Arterioscler ThrombVasc. Biol., 2003, 23, 218-23.
21. Sowa, G. Caveolae, caveolins, cavins, and endothelial cell function: new insights. Front Physiol., 2012, 2, 120.
22. Gratton, J. P.; Bernatchez, P.; Sessa, W. C. Caveolae and caveolins in the cardiovascular system. Circ. Res., 2004, 94, 1408-17.
23. Bernatcher, P. N.; Bauer, P. M.; Yu, J.; Prendergast, J. S.; He, P.; Sessa, W. C. Dissecting the molecular control of endothelial NO synthase by caveolin-1 using cell-permeable peptides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 761-66.
24. Sharma, A.; Bernatchez, P. N.; de Haan, J. B. Targeting endothelial dysfunction in vascular complications associated with diabetes. Int. J. Vasc. Med., 2012, 2012, 750126.
25. 2+ signals and gap junction function are regulated by caveolin in endothelial cells. Circulation, 2008, 117, 1065-74.
26. Chen, H.; Yang, J.; Low, P. S.; Cheng, J-X. Cholesterol level regulates endosome motility via Rab proteins. Biophys. J., 2008, 94, 1508-20.
27. Feron, O.; Balligand, J. L. Caveolins and the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the heart. Cardiovasc. Res., 2006, 69, 788-97.
28. McEver, R. P.; Beckstead, J. H.; Moore, K. L.; Marshall-Carlson, L.; Bainton, D. F. GMP-140, a platelet !-granule membrane protein, is also synthesized by vascular endothelial cells and is localized in Weibel-Palade bodies. J. Clin. Invest., 1989, 84, 92-9.
29. Iiyama, K.; Hajra, L.; Iiyama, M.; DiChiara, M.; Medoff, B. D.; Cybulsky, M. I. Patterns of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in rabbit andmouse atherosclerotic lesions and at sites predisposed to lesion formation. Circ. Res., 1999, 85, 195-207.
30. Uematsu, M.; Ohara, Y.; Navas, J. P.; Nishida, K.; Murphy, T. J.; Alexander, R. W.; Nerem, R. M.; Harrison, D. G. Regulation of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression by shear stress. Am. J. Physiol., 1995, 269(6 Pt 1), C1371-8.
31. Verma, S.; Buchanan, M. R.; Anderson, T. J. Endothelial function testing as a biomarker of vascular disease. Circulation, 2003, 108, 2054-9.
32. Cooke, C-LM.; Davidge, S. T. Endothelial-dependent vasodilation is reduced in mesenteric arteries from superoxide dismutase knockout mice. Cardiovasc. Res., 2003, 60, 635-42.
33. Goto, H.; Nishikawa, T.; Sonoda, K.; Kondo, T.; Kukidome, D.; Fujisawa, K.; Yamashiro, T.; Motoshima, H.; Matsumura, T.; Tsuruzoe, K.; Araki, E. Endothelial MnSOD overexpression prevents retinal VEGF expression in diabetic mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2008, 366, 814-20.
34. Thorin, E.; Webb, D. J. Endothelium-derived endothelin-1. Pflug. Arch., 2010, 459, 951-8.
35. Rodella, L. F.; Favero, G.; Rossini, C.; Foglio, E.; Bonomini, F.; Reiter, R. J.; Rezzani, R. Aging and vascular dysfunction: beneficial melatonin effects. Age, 2013, 35, 103-15.
36. Hahn, A. W.; Resink, T. J.; Scott-Burden, T.; Powell, J.; Dohi, Y.; Bühler, F. R. Stimulation of endothelin mRNA and secretion in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: a novel autocrine function. Cell Regul., 1990, 1, 649-59.
37. Ito, I.; Hirata, Y.; Adachi, S.; Tanaka, M.; Tsujino, M.; Koike, A.; Nogami, A.; Murumo, F.; Hiroe, M. Endothelin-1 is an autocrine/paracrine factor in the mechanism of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. J. Clin. Invest., 1993, 92, 398-403.
38. Aird, W. C. Vascular bed-specific hemostasis: role of endothelium in sepsis pathogenesis. Crit. Care Med., 2001, 29(7 Suppl), S28-35.
39. Ishii, H.; Salem, H. H.; Bell, C. E. Laposata EA, Majerus PW. Thrombomodulin, an endothelial anticoagulant protein, is absent from the human brain. Blood, 1986, 67, 362-5.
40. Laszik, Z.; Mitro, A.; Taylor, F. B. Jr.; Ferrell, G.; Esmon, C. T. Human protein C receptor is present primarily on endothelium of large blood vessels: implications for the control of the protein C pathway. Circulation, 1997, 96, 3633-40.
41. Aird, W. C. Endothelial cell heterogeneity. Crit. Care Med., 2003, 31(4 Suppl), S221-30.
42. Stern, D. M.; Esposito, C.; Gerlach, H.; Gerlach, M.; Ryan. J.; Handley, D.; Nawroth, P. Endothelium and regulation of coagulation. Diabetes Care, 1991, 14, 160-6.
43. Pober, J. S.; Cotran, R. S. Cytokines and endothelial cell biology. Physiol. Rev., 1990, 70, 427-51.
44. Aird, W. C. Spatial and temporal dynamics of the endothelium. J. Thromb. Haemost., 2005, 3, 1392-406.
45. Giesen, P. L.; Rauch, U.; Bohrmann, B.; Kling, D.; Roqué, M.; Fallon, J. T.; Badimon, J. J.; Himber, J.; Riederer, M. A.; Nemerson, Y. Blood-borne tissue factor: another view of thrombosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999, 96, 2311-5.
46. Hara, T.; Shimizu, K.; Ogawa, F.; Yanaba, K.; Iwata, Y.; Muroi, E.; Takenaka, M.; Komura, K.; Hasegawa, M.; Fujimoto, M.; Sato, S. Platelets control leukocyte recruitment in a murine model of cutaneous arthus reaction. Am. J. Pathol., 2010, 176, 259-69.
47. Carman, C. V.; Springer, T. A. A transmigratory cup in leukocyte diapedesis both through individual vascular endothelial cells and between them. J. Cell Biol., 2004, 167, 377-88.
48. Aurrand-Lions, M.; Johnson-Leger, C.; Imhof, B. A. The last molecular fortress in leukocyte trans-endothelial migration. Nature Immunol., 2002, 3, 116-8.
49. Michiels, C. Endothelial cell functions. J. Cell Physiol., 2003, 196, 430-43.
50. Shimokawa, H. Primary endothelial dysfunction: atherosclerosis. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol., 1999, 31, 23-37.
51. Esper, R. J.; Nordaby, R. A.; Vilariño, J. O.; Paragano, A.; Cacharrón, J. L.; Machado, R. A. Endothelial dysfunction: a comprehensive appraisal. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2006, 5, 4.
52. Trpkovic, A.; Resanovic, I.; Stanimirovic, J.; Radak, D.; Mousa, S. A.; Cenic-Milosevic, D.; Jevremovic, D.; Isenovic, E. R. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci., 2014, 24, 1-16.
53. Freeman, M. W. Macrophage scavenger receptors. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 1994, 5: 143-8.
54. Dhaliwal, B. S.; Steinbrecher, U. P. Scavenger receptors and oxidized low density lipoproteins. Clin. Chim. Acta, 1999, 286, 191-205.
55. Kzhyshkowska, J.; Neyen, C.; Gordon, S. Role of macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis. Immunobiology, 2012, 217, 492-502.
56. Syväranta, S.; Alanne-Kinnunen, M.; Oörni, K.; Oksjoki, R.; Kupari, M.; Kovanen, P. T.; Helske-Suihko, S. Potential pathological roles for oxidized low-density lipoprotein and scavenger receptors SR-AI, CD36, and LOX-1 in aortic valve stenosis. Atherosclerosis, 2014, 235, 398-407.
57. Moore, K. J.; Freeman, M. W. Scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis: beyond lipid uptake. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2006, 26, 1702-11.
58. Prabhudas, M.; Bowdish, D.; Drickamer, K.; Febbraio, M.; Herz, J.; Kobzik, L.; Krieger, M.; Loike, J.; Means, T. K.; Moestrup, S. K.; Post, S.; Sawamura, T.; Silverstein, S.; Wang, X. Y.; El Khoury, J. Standardizing scavenger receptor nomenclature. J. Immunol., 2014, 192, 1997-2006.
59. Peiser, L.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Gordon, S. Scavenger receptors in innate immunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol., 2002, 14, 123-8.
60. Greaves, D. R.; Gordon, S. Thematic review series: the immune system and atherogenesis. Recent insights into the biology of macrophage scavenger receptors. J. Lipid Res., 2005, 46, 11-20.
61. Bowdish, D. M.; Loffredo, M. S.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Mantovani, A.; Gordon, S. Macrophage receptors implicated in the "adaptive" form of innate immunity. Microbes. Infect., 2007, 9, 1680-7.
62. Areschoug, T.; Gordon, S. Scavenger receptors: role in innate immunity and microbial pathogenesis. Cell Microbiol., 2009, 11, 1160-9.
63. Dieckmann M, Dietrich MF, Herz J. Lipoprotein receptors-an evolutionarily ancient multifunctional receptor family. Biol. Chem., 2010, 391, 1341-63.
64. Canton, J.; Neculai, D.; Grinstein, S. Scavenger receptors in homeostasis and immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2013, 13, 621-34.
65. Adachi, H.; Tsujimoto, M.; Arai, H.; Inoue, K. Expression cloning of a novel scavenger receptor from human endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272, 31217-20.
66. Sawamura, T.; Kume, N.; Aoyama, T.; Moriwaki, H.; Hoshikawa, H.; Aiba, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Miwa, S.; Katsura, Y.; Kita, T.; Masaki, T. An endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Nature, 1997, 386, 73-77.
67. Adachi, H.; Tsujimoto, M. Endothelial scavenger receptors. Prog. Lipid Res., 2006, 45, 379-404.
68. Ohtani, K.; Suzuki, Y.; Eda, S.; Kawai, T.; Kase, T.; Keshi, H.; Sakai, Y.; Fukuoh, A.; Sakamoto, T.; Itabe, H.; Suzutani. T.; Ogasawara, M.; Yoshida, I.; Wakamiya, N. The membrane-type collectin CL-P1 is a scavenger receptor on vascular endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 44222-8.
69. Chen, M.; Masaki, T.; Sawamura, T. LOX-1, the receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein identified from endothelial cells: implications in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol. Ther., 2002, 95, 89-100.
70. Sakurai, K.; Sawamura, T. Stress and vascular responses: endothelial dysfunction via lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1: close relationships with oxidative stress. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 2003, 91, 182-6.
71. Mineo, C.; Shaul, P. W. Role of high-density lipoprotein and scavenger receptor B type I in the promotion of endothelial repair. Trends Cardiovasc. Med., 2007, 17, 156-61.
72. Von Eckardstein, A.; Rohrer, L. Transendothelial lipoprotein transport and regulation of endothelial permeability and integrity by lipoproteins. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2009, 20, 197-205.
73. Cho, S. CD36 as a therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction in stroke. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2012, 18, 3721-30.
74. Avraham-Davidi, I.; Grunspan, M.; Yaniv, K. Lipid signaling in the endothelium. Exp. Cell Res., 2013, 319, 1298-305.
75. Xu, S.; Ogura, S.; Chen, J.; Little, P. J.; Moss, J.; Liu, P. LOX-1 in atherosclerosis: biological functions and pharmacological modifiers. Cell Mol. Life Sci., 2013, 70, 2859-72.
76. Chen, M.; Masaki, T.; Sawamura, T. LOX-1, the receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein identified fromendothelial cells: implications in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol. Ther., 2002, 95, 89-100.
77. Mitra, S.; Goyal, T.; Mehta, J. Oxidized LDL, LOX-1 and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther., 2011, 25, 419-29.
78. Honjo, M.; Nakamura, K.; Yamashiro, K.; Kiryu, J.; Tanihara, H.; McEvoy, L. M.; Honda, Y.; Butcher, E. C.; Masaki, T.; Sawamura, T. Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 is a cell-adhesion molecule involved in endotoxin-induced inflammation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2003, 100, 1274-9.
79. Cominacini, L.; Fratta, P. A.; Garbin, U.; Pastorino, A.; Rigoni, A.; Nava, C.; Davoli, A.; Lo Cascio, V.; Sawamura, T. The plateletendothelium interaction mediated by lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 reduces the intracellular concentration of nitric oxide in endothelial cells. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2003, 41, 499-507.
80. Chen, M.; Kakutani, M.; Minami, M.; Kataoka, H.; Kume, N.; Narumiya, S.; Kita, T.; Masaki, T.; Sawamura, T. Increased expression of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 in initial atherosclerotic lesions of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2000, 20, 1107-15.
81. Wang, X.; Phillips, M. I.; Mehta. J. L. LOX-1 and angiotensin receptors, and their interplay. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther., 2011, 25, 401-17.
82. Li D., Mehta JL. Antisense to LOX-1 inhibits oxidized LDLmediated upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and monocyte adhesion to human coronary artery endothelial cells. Circulation, 2000, 101, 2889-95.
83. Li, D.; Mehta, J. L. Upregulation of endothelial receptor for oxidized LDL (LOX-1) by oxidized LDL and implications in apoptosis of coronary artery endothelial cells: evidence from use of antisense LOX-1 mRNA and chemical inhibitors. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2000, 20, 1116-22.
84. Yan, M.; Mehta, J. L.; Zhang, W.; Hu, C. LOX-1, oxidative stress and inflammation: a novel mechanism for diabetic cardiovascular complications. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther., 2011, 25, 451-9.
85. Kakutani, M.; Masaki, T.; Sawamura, T. A platelet-endothelium interaction mediated by lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97, 360-4.
86. Chan, H.; Lougheed, M.; Laher, I.; Steinbrecher, U. P. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein inhibits endothelium-dependent vasodilation by an antioxidant-sensitive, lysophosphatidylcholineindependent mechanism. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2003, 41, 856-65.
87. Rahman, A.; True, A. L.; Anwar, K. N.; Ye, R. D.; Voyno-Yasenetskaya, T. A.; Malik, A. B. G!q and G"# regulate PAR-1 signaling of thrombin-induced NF-$B activation and ICAM-1 transcription in endothelial cells. Circ. Res., 2002, 195, 398-405.
88. Klarenbach, S. W.; Chipiuk, A.; Nelson, R. C.; Hollenberg, M. D.; Murray, A. G. Differential actions of PAR2 and PAR1, in stimulating human endothelial cell exocytosis and permeability: the role of Rho-GTPases. Circ. Res., 2003, 92, 272-8.
89. Chi, L.; Li, Y.; Stehno-Bittel, L.; Gao, J.; Morrison, D. C.; Stechschulte, D. J.; Dileepan, K. N. Interleukin-6 production by endothelial cells via stimulation of protease-activated receptors is amplified by endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Interferon. Cytokine. Res., 2001, 21, 231-40.
90. Pasceri, V.; Willerson, J. T.; Yeh, E. T. Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation, 2000, 102, 2165-8.
91. Esper, R. J.; Machado, R.; Vilariño, J.; Cacharrón, J. L.; Ingino, C. A.; García Guiñazú, C. A.; Bereziuk, E.; Bolaño, A. L.; Suarez, D. H. Endothelium-dependent responses in patients with hypercholesterolemic coronary artery disease under the effects of simvastatin and enalapril, either separately or combined. Am. Heart J., 2000, 140, 684-9.
92. Landmesser, U.; Dikalov, S.; Price, S. R.; McCann, L.; Fukai, T.; Holland, S. M.; Mitch, W. E.; Harrison, D. G. Oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin leads to uncoupling of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase in hypertension. J. Clin. Invest., 2003, 111, 1201-9.
93. White, C. R.; Darley-Usmarm V.; Berrington, W. R.; McAdams, M.; Gore, J. Z.; Thompson, J. A.; Parks, D. A.; Tarpey, M. M.; Freeman, B. A. Circulating plasma xanthine oxidase contributes to vascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1996, 93, 8745-9.
94. Maier, W.; Cosentino, F.; Lütolf, R. B.; Fleisch, M.; Seiler, C.; Hess, O. M.; Meier, B.; Lüscher, T. F. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2000, 35, 173-8.
95. Cunningham, M. E.; Huribal, M.; Bala, R. J.; McMillen, M. A. Endothelin-1 and endothelin-4 stimulate monocyte production of cytokines. Crit. Care Med., 1997, 25, 958-64.
96. Best, P. J.; Lerman, A. Endothelin in cardiovascular disease: from atherosclerosis to heart failure. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2000, 35 4 Suppl 2, S61-3.
97. Halim, A.; Kanayama, N.; Maradny, E.; Maehara, K.; Hirano, M.; Kobayashi, T.; Terao, T. Endothelin-1 evoked an increase and oscillations in cytosolic calcium concentration in adherent single human platelets and increased GMP-140 (P-selectin) in platelet suspension. Thromb. Res., 1995, 80, 105-112.
98. Nicolaïew, N.; Lemort, N.; Adorni, L.; Berra, B.; Montorfano, G.; Rapelli, S.; Cortesi, N.; Jacotot, B. Comparison between extra virgin olive oil and oleic acid rich sunflower oil: effects on postprandial lipemia and LDL susceptibility to oxidation. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 1998, 42, 251-60.
99. Lopez-Garcia, E.; Schulze, M. B.; Meigs, J. B.; Manson, J. E.; Rifai, N.; Stampfer, M. J.; Willett, W. C.; Hu, F. B. Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. J. Nutr., 2005, 135, 562-6.
100. Hu, F. B.; Manson, J. E.; Willett, W. C. Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a critical review. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 2001, 20, 5-19.
101. Vogel, R. A. The Mediterranean diet and endothelial function: why some dietary fats may be healthy. Cleve. Clin. J. Med., 2000, 67, 232, 235-6.
102. Bemelmans, W. J. E.; Lefrandt, J. D.; Feskens, E. J. M.; Broer, J.; Tervaert, J. W.; May, J. F.; Smit, A. J. Change in saturated fat intake is associated with progression of carotid and femoral intima-media thickness, and with levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Atherosclerosis, 2002, 163, 113-20.
103. Silva, J. M.; Saldanha, C. Diet, atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic events. Rev. Port. Cardiol., 2007, 26, 277-94.
104. Massaro, M.; Carluccio, M. A.; Paolicchi, A.; Bosetti, F.; Solaini, S.; de Caterina, R. Mechanisms for reduction of endothelial activation by oleate: inhibition of nuclear factor$B through antioxidant effects. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2002, 67, 175-81.
105. Bellido, C.; López-Miranda, J.; Pérez-Martínez, P.; Paz, E.; Marín, C.; Gómez, P.; Moreno, J. A.; Moreno, R.; Pérez-Jiménez, F. The Mediterranean and CHO diets decrease VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression induced by modified low-density lipoprotein in HUVECs. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2006, 16, 524-30.
106. Yaqoob, P.; Newsholme, E. A.; Calder, P. C. Inhibition of natural killer cell activity by dietary lipids. Immunol. Lett., 1994, 41, 241-7.
107. Tsimikas, S.; Philis-Tsimikas, A.; Alexopoulos, S.; Sigari, F.; Lee, C.; Reaven, P. D. LDL isolated from Greek subjects on a typical diet or from American subjects on an oleate-supplemented diet induces less monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion when exposed to oxidative stress. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1999, 19, 122-30.
108. Carluccio, M. A.; Massaro, M.; Scoditti, E.; de Caterina, R. Vasculoprotective potential of olive oil components. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2007, 51, 1225-34.
109. Masella, R.; Varì, R.; D'Archivio, M.; Di Benedetto, R.; Matarrese, P.; Malorni, W.; Scazzocchio, B.; Giovannini, C. Extra virgin olive oil biophenols inhibit cell-mediated oxidation of LDL by increasing the mRNA transcription of glutathione-related enzymes. J. Nutr., 2004, 134, 785-91.
110. Holst, B.; Williamson, G. Nutrients and phytochemicals: from bioavailability to bioefficacy beyond antioxidants. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 2008, 19, 73-82.
111. Ruano, J.; Lopez-Miranda, J.; Fuentes, F.; Moreno, J. A.; Bellido, C.; Perez-Martinez, P.; Lozano, A.; Gómez, P.; Jiménez, Y.; Pérez Jiménez, F. Phenolic content of virgin olive oil improves ischemic reactive hyperemia in hypercholesterolemic patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2005, 46, 1864-8.
112. Fitó. M.; de La Torre., R.; Covas, M. I. Olive oil and oxidative stress. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2007, 51, 1215-24.
113. Esposito K., Marfella R.; Ciotola, M.; Di Palo, C.; Giugliano, F.; Giugliano, G.; D'Armiento, M.; D'Andrea, F.; Giugliano, D. Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial. J. Am. Med. Ass., 2004, 292, 1440-6.
114. Estruch, R.; Martínez-González, M. A.; Corella, D.; Salas-Salvadó, J.; Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V.; Covas, M. I.; Fiol, M.; Gómez-Gracia, E.; López-Sabater, M. C.; Vinyoles, E.; Arós, F.; Conde, M.; Lahoz, C.; Lapetra, J.; Sáez, G.; Ros, E. PREDIMED Study Investigators. Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med., 2006, 145, 1-11.
115. Fuentes, F.; López-Miranda, J.; Sánchez, E.; Sánchez, F.; Paez, J.; Paz-Rojas, E.; Marín, C.; Gómez, P.; Jimenez-Perepérez, J.; Ordovás, J. M.; Pérez-Jiménez, F. Mediterranean and low-fat diets improve endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic men. Ann. Intern. Med., 2001, 134, 1115-9.
116. de Lorgeril. M,; Salen, P.; Martin, J-L.; Monjaud, I.; Delaye, J.; Mamelle, N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart study. Circulation, 1999, 99, 779-85.
117. Marin, C.; Ramirez, R.; Delgado-Listam J.; Yubero-Serrano, E. M.; Perez-Martinez, P.; Carracedo, J.; Garcia-Rios, A.; Rodriguez, F.; Gutierrez-Mariscal, F. M.; Gomez, P.; Perez-Jimenez, F.; Lopez-Miranda, J. Mediterranean diet reduces endothelial damage and improves the regenerative capacity of endothelium. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2011, 93, 267-74.
118. Landberg, R.; Naidoo, N.; van Dam, R. M. Diet and endothelial function: from individual components to dietary patterns. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2012, 23, 147-55.
119. Pérez-Jiménez, F.; Castro, P.; López-Miranda, J.; Paz-Rojas, E.; Blanco, A.; López-Segura, F.; Velasco, F.; Marín, C.; Fuentes, F.; Ordovás, J. M. Circulating levels of endothelial function are modulated by dietary monounsaturated fat. Atherosclerosis, 1999, 145, 351-8.
120. Caruso, D.; Berra, B.; Giavarini, F.; Cortesi, N.; Fedeli, E.; Galli, G. Effect of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds on in vitro oxidation of human low density lipoproteins. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 1999, 9, 102-7.
121. Baroni, S. S.; Amelio, M.; Sangiorgi, Z.; Gaddi, A.; Battino, M. Solid monounsaturated diet lowers LDL unsaturation trait and oxidisability in hypercholesterolemic (type IIb) patients. Free Radic. Res., 1999, 30, 275-85.
122. Tsimikas, S.; Philis-Tsimikas, A.; Alexopoulos, S.; Sigari, F.; Lee, C.; Reaven, P. D. LDL isolated from Greek subjects on a typical diet or from American subjects on an oleate-supplemented diet induces less monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion when exposed to oxidative stress. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1999, 19, 122-30.
123. Pérez-Jiménez, F.; López-Miranda, J.; Mata, P. Protective effect of dietary monounsaturated fat on arteriosclerosis: beyond cholesterol. Atherosclerosis, 2002, 163, 385-98.
124. Pitsavos, C.; Panagiotakos, D.; Trichopoulou, A.; Chrysohoou, C.; Dedoussis, G.; Chloptsios, Y.; Choumerianou, D.; Stefanadis, C. Interaction between Mediterranean diet and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation on oxidized low density lipoprotein concentrations: the ATTICA study. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2006, 16, 91-9.
125. Lapointe, A.; Couillard, C.; Lemieux, S. Effects of dietary factors on oxidation of low-density lipoprotein particles. J. Nutr. Biochem., 2006, 17, 645-58.
126. Thomazella, M. C.; Góes, M. F; Andrade, C. R.; Debbas, V.; Barbeiro, D. F.; Correia, R. L.; Marie, S. K.; Cardounel, A. J.; daLuz, P. L.; Laurindo, F. R. Effects of high adherence to mediterranean or low-fat diets in medicated secondary prevention patients. Am. J. Cardiol., 2011, 108, 1523-9.
127. Jones, J. L.; Comperatore, M.; Barona, J.; Calle, M. C.; Andersen, C.; McIntosh, M.; Najm, W.; Lerman, R. H.; Fernandez, M. L. A Mediterranean-style, low-glycemic-load diet decreases atherogenic lipoproteins and reduces lipoprotein and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in women with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism, 2012, 61, 366-72.
128. Lippi, G.; Franchini, M.; Favaloro, E. J.; Targher, G. Moderate red wine consumption and cardiovascular disease risk: beyond the "French paradox". Semin. Thromb. Hemost., 2010, 36, 59-70.
129. Gresele, P.; Cerletti, C.; Guglielmini, G.; Pignatelli, P.; de Gaetano, G.; Violi, F. Effects of resveratrol and other wine polyphenols on vascular function: an update. J. Nutr. Biochem., 2011, 22, 201-11.
130. Zou, J. G.; Wang, Z. R.; Huang, Y. Z.; Cao, K. J.; Wu, J. M. Effect of red wine and wine polyphenol resveratrol on endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Int. J. Mol. Med., 2003, 11, 317-20.
131. Jiménez, R.; López-Sepúlveda, R.; Kadmiri, M.; Romero, M.; Vera, R.; Sánchez, M.; Vargas, F.; O'Valle, F.; Zarzuelo, A.; Dueñas, M.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Duarte, J. Polyphenols restore endothelial function in DOCA-salt hypertension: role of endothelin-1 and NADPH oxidase. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2007, 43, 462-73.
132. Agouni, A.; Lagrue-Lak-Hal, A. H.; Mostefai, H. A.; Tesse, A.; Mulder, P.; Rouet, P.; Desmoulin, F.; Heymes, C.; Martínez, M. C.; Andriantsitohaina, R. Red wine polyphenols prevent metabolic and cardiovascular alterations associated with obesity in Zucker fatty rats (Fa/Fa). PLoS One, 2009, 4, e5557.
133. Wallerath, T.; Deckert, G.; Ternes, T.; Anderson, H.; Li, H.; Witte, K.; Förstermann, U. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in red wine, enhances expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circulation, 2002, 106, 1652-8.
134. Nicholson, S. K.; Tucker, G. A.; Brameld, J. M. Effects of dietary polyphenols on gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 2008, 67, 42-7.
135. Rodella, L. F.; Vanella, L.; Petersonm S. J.; Drummond, G.; Rezzani, R.; Falck, J. R.; Abraham, N. G. Heme oxygenase-derived carbon monoxide restores vascular function in type 1 diabetes. Drug Metab. Lett., 2008, 2, 290-300.
136. Stein, J. H.; Keevil, J. G.; Wiebe, D. A.; Aeschlimann, S.; Folts, J. D. Purple grape juice improves endothelial function and reduces the susceptibility of LDL cholesterol to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation, 1999, 100, 1050-5.
137. Andrade, A. C. M.; Cesena, F. H. Y.; Consolim-Colombo, F. M.; Coimbra, S. R.; Benjó, A. M.; Krieger, E. M.; Luz, P. L. Short-term red wine consumption promotes differential effects on plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sympathetic activity, and endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive, and healthy subjects. Clinics, 2009, 64, 435-42.
138. Huang, P. H.; Chen, Y-H.; Tsai, H-Y.; Chen, J. S.; Wu, T. C.; Lin, F. Y.; Sata, M.; Chen, J. W.; Lin, S. J. Intake of red wine increases the number and functional capacity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells by enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2010, 30, 869-77.
139. Chiva-Blanch, G.; Urpi-Sarda, M.; Ros, E.; Arranz, S.; Valderas-Martínez, P.; Casas, R.; Sacanella, E.; Llorach, R.; Lamuela-Raventos, R. M.; Andres-Lacueva, C.; Estruch, R. Dealcoholized red wine decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increases plasma nitric oxide: short communication. Circ. Res., 2012, 111, 1065-8.
140. Di Renzo, L.; Carraro, A.; Valente, R.; Iacopino, L.; Colica, C.; De Lorenzo, A. Intake of red wine in different meals modulates oxidized LDL level, oxidative and inflammatory gene expression in healthy people: a randomized crossover trial. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev., 2014, 2014, 681318.
141. Nishizuka, T.; Fujita, Y.; Sato, Y.; Nakano, A.; Kakino, A.; Ohshima, S.; Kanda, T.; Yoshimoto, R.; Sawamura, T. Procyanidins are potent inhibitors of LOX-1: a new player in the French Paradox. Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B. Phys. Biol. Sci., 2011, 87, 104-13.
142. Grassi, D.; Desideri, G.; Ferri, C. Flavonoids: antioxidants against atherosclerosis. Nutrients, 2010, 2, 889-902.
143. Kyaw, M.; Yoshizumi, M.; Tsuchiya, K.; Izawa, Y.; Kanematsu, Y.; Tamaki, T. Atheroprotective effects of antioxidants through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2004, 25, 977-85.
144. Morand, C.; Dubray, C.; Milenkovic, D.; Lioger, D.; Martin, J. F.; Scalbert, A.; Mazur. A. Hesperidin contributes to the vascular protective effects of orange juice: a randomized crossover study in healthy volunteers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2011, 93, 73-80.
145. Karatzi, K.; Karatzis, E.; Papamichael, C.; Lekakis, J.; Zampelas, A. Effects of red wine on endothelial function: postprandial studies vs clinical trials. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2009, 19, 744-50.
146. Duffy, S. J.; Keaney, J. F. Jr.; Holbrook, M.; Gokce, N.; Swerdloff, P. L.; Frei, B.; Vita, J. A. Short-and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation, 2001, 104, 151-6.
147. Cuevas, A. M.; Germain, A. M. Diet and endothelial function. Biol. Res., 2004, 37, 225-30.
148. Bao, M. H.; Zhang, Y. W.; Lou, X. Y.; Xiao, Y.; Cheng, Y.; Zhou, H. H. Puerarin protects endothelial cells from oxidized low density lipoprotein induced injuries via the suppression of LOX-1 and induction of eNOS. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2014, 92, 299-306.
149. Yi, L.; Chen, C. Y.; Jin, X.; Zhang, T.; Zhou, Y.; Zhang, Q. Y.; Zhu, J. D.; Mi, M. T. Differential suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells by several subclasses of flavonoids. Biochimie., 2012, 94, 2035-44.
150. Bobryshev, Y. V. Monocyte recruitment and foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. Micron., 2006, 37, 208-22.
151. Chen, C. Y.; Yi, L.; Jin, X.; Zhang, T.; Fu, Y. J.; Zhu, J. D.; Mi, M. T.; Zhang, Q. Y.; Ling, W. H.; Yu, B. Inhibitory effect of delphinidin on monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein via ROS/p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Cell Biochem. Biophys., 2011, 61, 337-48.
152. Weber, D. S.; Griendling, K. K. The Yin/Yang of superoxide dismutase mimetics: potential cardiovascular therapies? Br. J. Pharmacol., 2003, 139, 1059-60.
153. Bae, J. H.; Bassenge, E.; Kim, K. B.; Kim, Y. N.; Kim, K. S.; Lee, H. J.; Moon, K. C.; Lee, M. S.; Park, K. Y.; Schwemmer, M. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia impairs endothelial function by enhanced oxidant stress. Atherosclerosis, 2001, 155, 517-23.
154. Rodríguez, J. A.; Grau, A.; Eguinoa, E.; Nespereira, B.; Pérez-Ilzarbe, M.; Arias, R.; Belzunce, M. S.; Páramo, J. A; Martínez-Caro D. Dietary supplementation with vitamins C and E prevents downregulation of endothelial NOS expression in hypercholesterolemia in vivo and in vitro. Atherosclerosis, 2002, 165, 33-40.
155. Maio, R.; Perticone, M.; Sciacqua, A.; Tassone, E. J.; Naccarato, P.; Bagnato. C.; Iannopollo, G.; Sesti, G.; Perticone, F. Oxidative stress impairs endothelial function in nondipper hypertensive patients. Cardiovasc. Ther., 2012, 30, 85-92.
156. d'Uscio, L. V.; Milstien, S.; Richardson, D.; Smith, L.; Katusic, Z. C. Long-term vitamin C treatment increases vascular tetrahydrobiopterin levels and nitric oxide synthase activity. Circ. Res., 2003, 92, 88-95.
157. Crecelius, A. R.; Kirby, B. S.; Voyles, W. F.; Dinenno, F. A. Nitric oxide, but not vasodilating prostaglandins, contributes to the improvement of exercise hyperemia via ascorbic acid in healthy older adults. Am. J. Physiol., 2010, 299, 1633-41.
158. Versari, D.; Daghini, E.; Rodriguez-Porcel, M.; Sattler, K.; Galili, O.; Pilarczyk, K.; Napoli, C.; Lerman, L. O.; Lerman, A. Chronic antioxidant supplementation impairs coronary endothelial function and myocardial perfusion in normal pigs. Hypertension, 2006, 47, 475-81.
159. Maxwell, S. R. J. Coronary artery disease-free radical damage, antioxidant protection and the role of homocysteine. Basic Res. Cardiol., 2000, 95(Suppl. 1): I65-71.
160. Kobayashi, N.; Honda, T.; Yoshida, K.; Nakano, S.; Ohno, T.; Tsubokou, Y.; Matsuoka, H. Critical role of bradykinin-eNOS and oxidative stress-LOX-1 pathway in cardiovascular remodeling under chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Atherosclerosis, 2006, 187, 92-100.
161. Oka, K.; Yasuhara, M.; Suzumura, K.; Tanaka, K.; Sawamura, T. Antioxidants suppress plasma levels of lectinlike oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-ligands and reduce atherosclerosis in watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2006, 48, 177-83.
162. Mehta, J. L.; Sanada, N.; Hu, C. P.; Chen, J.; Dandapat, A.; Sugawara, F.; Satoh, H.; Inoue, K.; Kawase, Y.; Jishage, K.; Suzuki, H.; Takeya, M.; Schnackenberg, L.; Beger, R.; Hermonat, P. L.; Thomas, M.; Sawamura, T. Deletion of LOX-1 reduces atherogenesis in LDLR knockout mice fed high cholesterol diet. Circ. Res., 2007, 100, 1634-42.
163. Gu, L.; Bai, W.; Li, S.; Zhang, Y.; Han, Y.; Gu, Y.; Meng, G.; Xie, L.; Wang, J.; Xiao, Y.; Shan, L.; hou, S.; Wei, L.; Ferro, A.; Ji, Y. Celastrol prevents atherosclerosis via inhibiting LOX-1 and oxidative stress. PLoS One, 2013, 8, e65477.
164. Noll, C.; Lameth, J.; Paul, J. L.; Janel, N. Effect of catechin/epicatechin dietary intake on endothelial dysfunction biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines in aorta of hyperhomocysteinemic mice. Eur. J. Nutr., 2013, 52, 1243-50.
165. Voloshyna, I.; Hai, O.; Littlefield, M. J.; Carsons, S.; Reiss, A. B. Resveratrol mediates anti-atherogenic effects on cholesterol flux in human macrophages and endothelium via PPARγ and adenosine. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2013, 698, 299-309.