Activity of phenolic compounds from plant origin against Candida species

Industrial Crops and Products

Volumn 74, Issue , 2015, Pages 648-670

  Martins, Natália ^a,b   Barros, Lillian ^a   Henriques, Mariana ^b   Silva, Sónia ^b   Ferreira, Isabel C F R ^a  

^a INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO DE BRAGANÇA   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINHO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Antifungal activity; Candida species; Phenolic compounds; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts

Indexed keywords

ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; CANDIDA; FUNGI; MOLECULAR PHYSICS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; PHENOLS; YEAST;

ACTIVE PRINCIPLES; ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITY; CANDIDA SPECIES; GENERAL DESCRIPTION; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS; PHYTOCHEMICALS; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

PLANT EXTRACTS;

DRUG; FUNGAL DISEASE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; ORGANIC COMPOUND; PLANT EXTRACT; SURVIVAL; VIRULENCE; YEAST;

CANDIDA; CANDIDA ALBICANS;

EID: 84930939247     PISSN: 09266690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.067     Document Type: Review

References (208)

1. Abdul B.A., Hassan A.M., Hassan A.S. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis against dental caries pathogens. Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2012, 25:1-7.
2. Abi-Said D., Anaissie E., Uzun O., Raad I., Pinzcowski H., Vartivarian S. The epidemiology of hematogenous candidiasis caused by different Candida species. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1997, 24:1122-1128.
3. Adekunle A.A., Ikumapayi A.M. Antifungal property and phytochemical screening of the crude extracts of Funtumia elastica and Mallotus oppositifolius. West Indian Med. J. 2006, 55:9-13.
4. Agarwal V., Lal P., Pruthi V. Effect of plant oils on Candida albicans. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 2010, 43:447-451.
5. Ali-Shtayeh M.S., Ghdeib S.I.A. Antifungal activity of plant extracts against dermatophytes. Mycoses 1999, 42:665-672.
6. Alves M.J., Ferreira I.C.F.R., Dias J., Teixeira V., Martins A., Pintado M. A review on antifungal activity of mushroom (basidiomycetes) extracts and isolated compounds. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2013, 13:2648-2659.
7. Alves-Silva J.M., Santos S.M.D., Pintado M.E., Pérez-Álvarez J.A., Fernández-López J., Viuda-Martos M. Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties of essential oils obtained from some herbs widely used in portugal. Food Control 2013, 32:371-378.
8. Amara A.A., Shibl A. Role of probiotics in health improvement, infection control and disease treatment and management. Saudi Pharm. J. 2013, 1-8.
9. Anibal P.C., Peixoto I.T.A., Foglio M.A., Höfling J.F. Antifungal activity of the ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum L. and evaluation of the morphological and structural modifications of its compounds upon the cells of Candida spp. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2013, 44:839-848.
10. Araújo M.G.F., Hilário F., Vilegas W., Santos L.C., Brunetti I.L., Sotomayor C.E., Bauab T.M. Correlation among antioxidant, antimicrobial, hemolytic, and antiproliferative properties of Leiothrix spiralis leaves extract. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13:9260-9277.
11. Araújo M.G.D.F., Hilário F., Nogueira L.G., Vilegas W., Santos L.C., Bauab T.M. Chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of leaves of Leiothrix spiralis ruhland and their antimicrobial activity. Molecules 2011, 16:10479-10490.
12. Arif T., Bhosale J.D., Kumar N., Mandal T.K., Bendre R.S., Lavekar G.S., Dabur R. Natural products - antifungal agents derived from plants. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 2009, 11:621-638.
13. Arif, T., Mandal, T.K., Dabur, R., 2011. Natural Products: Anti-fungal Agents Derived from Plants, Opportunity, Challenge and Scope of Natural Products in Medicinal Chemistry. pp. 283-311.
14. Asgarpanah J., Kazemivash N. Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Coriandrum sativum L. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2012, 6:2340-2345.
15. Ashour H.M. Antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities of volatile oils and extracts from stems, leaves, and flowers of Eucalyptus sideroxylon and Eucalyptus torquata. Cancer Biol. Ther. 2008, 7:399-403.
16. Askun T., Tumen G., Satil F., Kilic T. Effects of some Lamiaceae species methanol extracts on potential mycotoxin producer fungi. Pharm. Biol. 2008, 46:688-694.
17. Asl M.N., Hosseinzadeh H. Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phyther. Res. 2008, 22:709-724.
18. Asmundsdóttir L.R., Erlendsdóttir H., Agnarsson B.A., Gottfredsson M. The importance of strain variation in virulence of Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans: results of a blinded histopathological study of invasive candidiasis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2009, 15:576-585.
19. Bakkali F., Averbeck S., Averbeck D., Idaomar M. Biological effects of essential oils - a review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46:446-475.
20. Balch P.A. Prescription For Nutritional Healing 2006, Penguin Group, London, England. Fourth ed.
21. Barros L., Alves C.T., Dueñas M., Silva S., Oliveira R., Carvalho A.M., Henriques M., Santos-Buelga C., Ferreira I.C.F.R. Characterization of phenolic compounds in wild medicinal flowers from portugal by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and evaluation of antifungal properties. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 44:104-110.
22. Barros L., Dueñas M., Alves C.T., Silva S., Henriques M., Santos-Buelga C., Ferreira I.C.F.R. Antifungal activity and detailed chemical characterization of Cistus ladanifer phenolic extracts. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 41:41-45.
23. Basile A., Rigano D., Conte B., Bruno M., Rosselli S., Sorbo S. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of acetonic extract from Paullinia cupana Mart. Seeds. Nat. Prod. Res. 2013, 27:2084-2090.
24. Bhalodia N.R., Nariya P.B., Acharya R.N., Shukla V.J. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of Cassia fistula Linn. fruit pulp extracts. AYU 2012, 33:123-129.
25. Blanco J.L., Garcia M.E. Immune response to fungal infections. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2008, 125:47-70.
26. Brunke S., Hube B. Two unlike cousins: Candida albicans and C. Glabrata infection strategies. Cell. Microbiol. 2013, 15:701-708.
27. Camacho-Hernández I.L., Cisneros-Rodríguez C., Uribe-Beltrán M.J., Ríos-Morgan A., Delgado-Vargas F. Antifungal activity of fruit pulp extract from Psidium sartorianum. Fitoterapia 2004, 75:401-404.
28. Campos, L., 2008. Entender a bioquimica, 5th ed.
29. Cardoso A.M.R., Cavalcanti Y.W., Almeida L.F.D., Pérez A.L.A.L., Padilha W.W.N. Antifungal activity of plant-based tinctures on Candida. RSBO 2012, 9:25-30.
30. Carocho M., Ferreira I.C.F.R. A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2013, 51:15-25.
31. Carocho M., Ferreira I.C.F.R. The role of phenolic compounds in the fight against cancer - a review. Anticancer Agents Med. Chem. 2013, 13:1236-1258.
32. Carrara M.A., Donatti L., Damke E., Svidizinski T.I.E., Consolaro M.E.L., Batista M.R. A new model of vaginal infection by Candida albicans in rats. Mycopathologia 2010, 170:331-338.
33. Çekiç S.D., Cetinkaya A., Avan A.N., Apak R. Correlation of total antioxidant capacity with reactive oxygen species (ROS) consumption measured by oxidative conversion. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61:5260-5270.
34. Chaturvedi R.K., Beal M.F. Mitochondrial diseases of the brain. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2013, 63:1-29.
35. Choudhary M.I., Atta-ur-Rahmant Recent studies on bioactive natural products. Pure Appl. Chem. 1999, 71:1079-1081.
36. Coopoosamy R.M., Magwa M.L. Traditional use, antibacterial activity and antifungal activity of crude extract of Aloe excelsa. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2007, 6:2406-2410.
37. Correa-Royero J., Tangarife V., Durán C., Stashenko E., Mesa-Arango A. In vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxic effect of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus. Braz. J. Pharmacogn. 2010, 20:734-741.
38. Dai J., Mumper R.J. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 2010, 15:7313-7352.
39. Darwish R.M., Aburjai T.A. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against different Candida species. Jordan J. Pharm. Sci. 2011, 4:70-80.
40. Devasagayam T.P.A., Tilak J.C., Boloor K.K., Sane K.S., Ghaskadbi S.S., Lele R.D. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. J. Assoc. Phys. India 2004, 52:794-804.
41. Develoux M., Bretagne S. Candidoses et levuroses diverses. EMC - Mal. Infect. 2005, 2:119-139.
42. Dib M.A., Djabou N., Allali H., Tabti B. Identification of phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity of roots of Arbutus unedo L. Asian J. Chem. 2010, 22:4045-4053.
43. Doddanna S.J., Patel S., Sundarrao M.A., Veerabhadrappa R.S. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts on Candida albicans: an in vitro study. Indian J. Dent. Res. 2013, 24:401-405.
44. Džamić A.M., Soković M.D., Novaković M., Jadranin M., Ristić M.S., Tešević V., Marin P.D. Composition, antifungal and antioxidant properties of Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. pilifer (Pant.) Murb. essential oil and deodorized extracts. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 51:401-407.
45. Dzoyem J.P., Kechia F.A., Kuete V., Pieme A.C., Akak C.M., Tangmouo J.G., Lohoue P.J. Phytotoxic, antifungal activities and acute toxicity studies of the crude extract and compounds from Diospyros canaliculata. Nat. Prod. Res. 2011, 25:741-749.
46. Dzoyem J.P., Tangmouo J.G., Lontsi D., Etoa F.X., Lohoue P.J. In vitro antifungal activity of extract and plumbagin from the stem bark of Diospyros crassiflora Hiern (Ebenaceae). Phyther. Res. 2007, 21:671-674.
47. Dzoyem J.P., Tchuenguem R.T., Kuiate J.R., Teke G.N., Kechia F.A., Kuete V. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of selected Cameroonian dietary spices. BMC Complement. Altern. Med 2014, 14(1):8.
48. Eggimann P., Garbino J., Pittet D. Epidemiology of Candida species infections in critically ill non-immunosuppressed patients. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2003, 3:685-702.
49. Eggimann P., Garbino J., Pittet D. Management of Candida species infections in critically ill patients. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2003, 3:772-785.
50. Endo E.H., Cortez D.A.G., Ueda-Nakamura T., Nakamura C.V., Filho B.P.D. Potent antifungal activity of extracts and pure compound isolated from pomegranate peels and synergism with fluconazole against Candida albicans. Res. Microbiol. 2010, 161:534-540.
51. Epstein J.B., Polsky B. Oropharyngeal candidiasis: a review of its clinical spectrum and current therapies. Clin. Ther. 1998, 20:40-57.
52. Ertürk Ö. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts from eleven spice plants. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006, 61:275-278.
53. Ettefagh K.A., Burns J.T., Junio H.A., Kaatz G.W., Cech N.B. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) extracts synergistically enhance the antibacterial activity of berberine via efflux pump inhibition. Planta Med. 2011, 77:835-840.
54. Fanello S., Bouchara J.P., Jousset N., Delbos V., LeFlohic A.M. Nosocomial Candida albicans acquisition in a geriatric unit: epidemiology and evidence for person-to-person transmission. J. Hosp. Infect. 2001, 47:46-52.
55. Farhat M., Ben, Jordán M.J., Chaouech-Hamada R., Landoulsi A., Sotomayor J.A. Variations in essential oil, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of tunisian cultivated Salvia officinalis L. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57:10349-10356.
56. Farhat M., Ben, Landoulsi A., Chaouch-Hamada R., Sotomayor J.A., Jordán M.J. Characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of Salvia species growing in different habitats. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 49:904-914.
57. Faria N.C.G., Kim J.H., Gonçalves L.A.P., Martins M.de L., Chan K.L., Campbell B.C. Enhanced activity of antifungal drugs using natural phenolics against yeast strains of Candida and Cryptococcus. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2011, 52:506-513.
58. Fatima A., Gupta V.K., Luqman S., Negi A.S., Kumar J.K., Shanker K., Saikia D., Srivastava S., Darokar M.P., Khanuja S.P.S. Antifungal activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts and its active constituent glabridin. Phyther. Res. 2009, 1193:1190-1193.
59. Fei L.C., Chen P.Y., Ahmad Z., Othman F., Pei Pei C. Antifungal properties of Allium sativum extracts on Candida species. J. Trop. Med. Plants 2008, 9:43-48.
60. Franz R., Kelly S.L., Lamb D.C., Kelly D.E., Ruhnke M., Morschhäuser J. Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to a stepwise development of fluconazole resistance in clinical Candida albicans strains. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1998, 42:3065-3072.
61. Geiger A.M., Foxman B., Sobel J.D. Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis: characteristics of women with Candida albicans, C. Glabrata and no Candida. Genitourin. Med. 1995, 71:304-307.
62. Ghannoum M.A., Rice L.B. Antifungal agents: mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1999, 12:501-517.
63. Ghasemi Pirbalouti A., Hashemi M., Ghahfarokhi F.T. Essential oil and chemical compositions of wild and cultivated Thymus daenensis celak and Thymus vulgaris L. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013, 48:43-48.
64. Giada M.D.L.R. Food phenolic compounds: main classes, sources and their antioxidant power. Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases - A Role for Antioxidants 2013, 501. InTech, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Chapters. J.A. Morales-González (Ed.).
65. Greenberg M.S., Glick M. Burket's Oral Medicine: Diagnosis and Treatment 2003, B.C. Decker Inc., USA. 10 Edition.
66. Gubbins P.O., Anaissie E.J. Antifungal therapy. Clinical Mycology 2009, 165-199. Elsevier. C. Livingstone (Ed.).
67. Halberstein R.A. Medicinal plants: historical and cross-cultural usage patterns. Ann. Epidemiol. 2005, 15:686-699.
68. Hashem M. Antifungal properties of crude extracts of five Egyptian medicinal plants against dermatophytes and emerging fungi. Mycopathologia 2011, 172:37-46.
69. Hassawi D., Kharma A. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against Candida albicans. J. Biol. Sci. 2006, 6:109-114.
70. Höfling J.F., Mardegan R.C., Anibal P.C., Furletti V.F., Foglio M.A. Evaluation of antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts against oral Candida albicans and proteinases. Mycopathologia 2011, 172:117-124.
71. Inbaraj J.J., Kukielczak B.M., Bilski P., He Y.-Y., Sik R.H., Chignell C.F. Photochemistry and photocytotoxicity of alkaloids from goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) 2. Palmatine, hydrastine, canadine, and hydrastinine. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2006, 19:739-744.
72. Inbaraj J.J., Kukielczak B.M., Bilski P., Sandvik S.L., Chignell C.F. Photochemistry and photocytotoxicity of alkaloids from goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) 1. Berberine. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2001, 14:1529-1534.
73. Irshad, Shreaz S., Manzoor N., Khan L.A., Rizvi M.M.A. Anticandidal activity of Cassia fistula and its effect on ergosterol biosynthesis. Pharm. Biol. 2011, 49:727-733.
74. Ishaq M.S., Hussain M.M., Afridi M.S., Ali G., Khattak M., Ahmad S., Shakirullah In vitro phytochemical, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of leaf, stem, and root extracts of Adiantum capillus veneris. Sci. World J. 2014, 1-7.
75. Isolauri E., Kirjavainen P.V., Salminen S. Probiotics: a role in the treatment of intestinal infection and inflammation. Gut 2002, 50:54-59.
76. Jainkittivong A., Butsarakamruha T., Langlais R.P. Antifungal activity of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract against Candida albicans. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 2009, 108:394-398.
77. Jasim R.M., Al-khaliq I.M.A. Inhibitory effect of aqueous Salvia officinalis's leaves in the growth of Candida albicans from infected women with vaginal candidiasis. Al-Kindy Coll. Med. J. 2011, 6:47-49.
78. Joe M.M., Jayachitra J., Vijayapriya M. Antimicrobial activity of some common spices against certain human pathogens. J. Med. Plants Res 2009, 3:1134-1136.
79. Jung H.J., Hwang I.A., Sung W.S., Kang H., Kang B.S., Seu Y.B., Lee D.G. Fungicidal effect of resveratrol on human infectious fungi. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2005, 28:557-560.
80. Junio H.A., Sy-Cordero A.A., Ettefagh K.A., Burns J.T., Micko K.T., Graf T.N., Richter S.J., Cannon R.E., Oberlies N.H., Cech N.B. Synergy-directed fractionation of botanical medicines: a case study with goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis). J. Nat. Prod. 2011, 74:1621-1629.
81. Kaewpiboon C., Lirdprapamongkol K., Srisomsap C., Winayanuwattikun P., Yongvanich T., Puwaprisirisan P., Svasti J., Assavalapsakul W. Studies of the in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of selected Thai medicinal plants. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2012, 12:1-8.
82. Kanafani Z.A., Perfect J.R. Resistance to antifungal agents: mechanisms and clinical impact. Clin. Infect. Dis. - Antimicrob. Resist. 2008, 46:120-128.
83. Kariba R.M., Siboe G.M., Dossaji S.F. In vitro antifungal activity of Schizozygia coffaeoides bail. (Apocynaceae) extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001, 74:41-44.
84. Karomi M.F., Huda S.A., Kadhim S.I., Salman Z.O. Effect of methanolic extracts of different parts of Liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L. on growth of some pathogenic bacteria and fungus Candida albicans. Iraq Acad. Sci. J. 2012, 4:140-150.
85. Kaur I.P., Kuhad A., Garg A., Chopra K. Probiotics: delineation of prophylactic and therapeutic benefits. J. Med. Food 2009, 12:219-235.
86. Kim J., Sudbery P. Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen. J. Microbiol. 2011, 49:171-177.
87. Kim Y., Lee H. Anticandidal effect of Syzygium aromaticum on biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and cell cycle. J. Med. Plants Res. 2012, 6:1926-1934.
88. Kontoyiannis D.P., Lewis R.E. Antifungal drug resistance of pathogenic fungi. Lancet 2002, 359:1135-1144.
89. Korukluoglu M., Gurbuz O., Sahan Y., Yigit A., Kacar O., Rouseff R. Chemical characterization and antifungal activity of Origanum onites L. essential oils and extracts. J. Food Saf. 2008, 29:144-161.
90. Kosalec I., Pepeljnjak S., Kustrak D. Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae). Acta Pharm. 2005, 55:377-385.
91. Kostić D.A., Velicković J.M., Mitić S.S., Mitić M.N., Randelović S.S. Phenolic content, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Crataegus oxyacantha L (Rosaceae) fruit extract from southeast serbia. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 2012, 11:117-124.
92. Krisch J., Ördögh L., Galgóczy L., Papp T., Vágvölgyi C. Anticandidal effect of berry juices and extracts from Ribes species. Cent. Eur. J. Biol. 2008, 4:86-89.
93. Ksouri R., Ksouri W.M., Jallali I., Debez A., Magné C., Hiroko I., Abdelly C. Medicinal halophytes: potent source of health promoting biomolecules with medical, nutraceutical and food applications. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 2012, 32:289-326.
94. Kuete V., Poumale H.M.P., Guedem A.N., Shiono Y., Randrianasolo R., Ngadjui B.T. Antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Thecacoris annobonae (Euphorbiaceae). South Afr. J. Bot. 2010, 76:536-542.
95. Kurdelas R.R., Lima B., Tapia A., Feresin G.E., Gonzalez Sierra M., Rodríguez M.V., Zacchino S., Enriz R.D., Freile M.L. Antifungal activity of extracts and prenylated coumarins isolated from Baccharis darwinii Hook & Arn. (Asteraceae). Molecules 2010, 15:4898-4907.
96. Kursat M., Emre I., Yilmaz Ö, Erecevit P. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in the seeds of Origanum vulgare L. subs. gracile (C. Koch) Ietswaart and Origanum acutidens (Hand. -Mazz.) Ietswaart from Turkey. Grasas Aceites 2011, 62:410-417.
97. Kwamin F., Nartey N.O., Codjoe F.S., Newman M.J. Distribution of Candida species among HIV-positive patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis in Accra, Ghana. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries 2013, 7:41-45.
98. Lamb D., Kelly D., Kelly S. Molecular aspects of azole antifungal action and resistance. Drug Resist. Updat. 1999, 2:390-402.
99. Latte K.P., Kolodziej H. Antifungal effects of hydrolysable tannins and related compounds on dermatophytes, mould fungi and yeasts. Zeitschrift Naturforsch. C - A J. Biosci. 2000, 55:467-472.
100. Lee D.G., Park Y., Kim M.-R., Jung H.J., Seu Y.B., Hahm K.-S., Woo E.-R. Anti-fungal effects of phenolic amides isolated from the root bark of Lycium chinense. Biotechnol. Lett. 2004, 26:1125-1130.
101. Lewis L.E., Bain J.M., Lowes C., Gow N.A.R., Erwig L.-P. Candida albicans infection inhibits macrophage cell division and proliferation. Fungal Genet. Biol. 2012, 49:679-680.
102. Li S.Y., Yang Y.L., Chen K.W., Cheng H.H., Chiou C.S., Wang T.H., Lauderdale T.L., Hung C.C., Lo H.J. Molecular epidemiology of long-term colonization of Candida albicans strains from HIV-infected patients. Epidemiol. Infect. 2006, 134:265-269.
103. Ličina B.Z., Stefanović O.D., Vasić S.M., Radojević I.D., Dekić M.S., Čomić L.R. Biological activities of the extracts from wild growing Origanum vulgare L. Food Control 2013, 33:498-504.
104. Lim S.H., Darah I., Jain K. Antimicrobial activities of tannins extracted from Rhizophora apiculata barks. J. Trop. For. Sci. 2006, 18:59-66.
105. Liu X.P., Fan S.R., Bai F.Y., Li J., Liao Q.P. Antifungal susceptibility and genotypes of Candida albicans strains from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Mycoses 2009, 52:24-28.
106. Lott T.J., Fundyga R.E., Kuykendall R.J., Arnold J. The human commensal yeast, Candida albicans, has an ancient origin. Fungal Genet. Biol. 2005, 42:444-451.
107. Lu Q., Jayatilake J.A.M.S., Samaranayake L.P., Jin L. Hyphal invasion of Candida albicans inhibits the expression of human beta-defensins in experimental oral candidiasis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2006, 126:2049-2056.
108. Lubian C.T., Teixeira J.M., Lund R.G., Nascente P.S., Del Pino F.A.B. Antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. (Asteraceae) on oral Candida species. Braz. J. Med. Plants 2010, 12:157-162.
109. Lupetti A., Danesi R., Campa M., Del Tacca M., Kelly S. Molecular basis of resistance to azole antifungals. Trends Mol. Med. 2002, 8:76-81.
110. Lupetti A., Nibbering P.H., Campa M., Del Tacca M., Danesi R. Molecular targeted treatments for fungal infections: the role of drug combinations. Trends Mol. Med. 2003, 9:269-276.
111. Madhumitha G., Saral A.M. Preliminary phytochemical analysis, antibacterial, antifungal and anticandidal activities of successive extracts of Crossandra infundibuliformis. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2011, 4:192-195.
112. Manayi A., Saeidnia S., Faramarzi M.A., Samadi N., Jafari S., Vazirian M., Ghaderi A., Mirnezami T., Hadjiakhoondi A., Ardekani M.R.S., Khanavi M. A comparative study of anti-Candida activity and phenolic contents of the calluses from Lythrum salicaria L. in different treatments. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2013, 170:176-184.
113. Mandeel Q., Taha A. Assessment of in vitro antifungal activities of various extracts of indigenous bahraini medicinal plants. Pharm. Biol 2005, 43:340-348.
114. Martins N., Barros L., Santos-Buelga C., Henriques M., Silva S., Ferreira I.C.F.R. Evaluation of bioactive properties and phenolic compounds in different extracts prepared from Salvia officinalis L. Food Chem. 2015, 170:378-385.
115. Martins N., Ferreira I.C.F.R., Barros L., Silva S., Henriques M. Candidiasis: predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment. Mycopathologia 2014, 177:223-240.
116. Masoko P., Mmushi T.J., Mogashoa M.M., Mokgotho M.P., Mampuru L.J., Howard R.L. In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of Sclerocarya birrea extracts against pathogenic yeasts. Afr. J. Biotechnol 2008, 7:3521-3526.
117. Masoko P., Picard J., Howard R.L., Mampuru L.J., Eloff J.N. In vivo antifungal effect of Combretum and Terminalia species extracts on cutaneous wound healing in immunosuppressed rats. Pharm. Biol. 2010, 48:621-632.
118. Mathur A., Singh R., Yousuf S., Bhardwaj A., Verma S.K., Babu P., Gupta V., Prasad G.B.K.S., Dua V.K. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against clinical pathogens. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res. 2011, 2:260-264.
119. Maurya I.K., Thota C.K., Sharma J., Tupe S.G., Chaudhary P., Singh M.K., Thakur I.S., Deshpande M., Prasad R., Chauhan V.S. Mechanism of action of novel synthetic dodecapeptides against Candida albicans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2013, 1830:5193-5203.
120. Mayer F.L., Wilson D., Hube B. Candida albicans pathogenicity mechanisms. Virulence 2013, 4:119-128.
121. McCullough M.J., Ross B.C., Reade P.C. Candida albicans: a review of its history, taxonomy, epidemiology, virulence attributes, and methods of strain differentiation. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1996, 25:136-144.
122. Menezes T.O.A., Alves A.C.B.A., Vieira J.M.S., Menezes S.A.F., Alves B.P., Mendonça L.C.V. In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of essential oils and plant extracts from amazonian region against Candida albicans. J. Odontol. UNESP 2009, 38:184-191.
123. Modaressi M., Shahsavari R., Ahmadi F., Rahimi-Nasrabadi M., Abiri R., Mikaeli A., Batoli H. The evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Mindium laevigatum (Vent.) Rech. F., from central part of iran. Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod. 2013, 8:34-40.
124. Murray M.T. The Healing Power Of Herbs 2004, Random House, New York, NY. 2nd ed.
125. Murray, M.T., Pizzorno, J., 1998. Enciclopedia de Medicina Natural, 2nd ed. Ediciones Tutor S.A., Espanha.
126. Nelson D.L., Cox M.M. Lehninger Principles Of Biochemistry 2000, Worth Publishers, Inc., New York. Third ed.
127. Ngameni B., Kuete V., Simo I.K., Mbaveng A.T., Awoussong P.K., Patnam R., Roy R., Ngadjui B.T. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the crude extract and compounds from Dorstenia turbinata (Moraceae). South Afr. J. Bot. 2009, 75:256-261.
128. Niño J., Narváez D.M., Mosquera O.M., Correa Y.M. Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of eight asteraceae and two Rubiaceae plants from Colombian biodiversity. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2007, 566-570.
129. Noël T. The cellular and molecular defense mechanisms of the Candida yeasts against azole antifungal drugs. J. Mycol. Med. 2012, 22:173-178.
130. Nordin M.-A.-F., Harun W.H.A.W., Razak F.A. Antifungal susceptibility and growth inhibitory response of oral Candida species to Brucea javanica Linn. extract. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2013, 13:1-8.
131. Ozçelik B., Kartal M., Orhan I. Cytotoxicity, antiviral and antimicrobial activities of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Pharm. Biol. 2011, 49:396-402.
132. Papageorgiou V., Gardeli C., Mallouchos A., Papaioannou M., Komaitis M. Variation of the chemical profile and antioxidant behavior of Rosmarinus officinalis L. And Salvia fruticosa Miller grown in greece. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56:7254-7264.
133. Parekh J., Chanda S. In vitro antifungal activity of methanol extracts of some indian medicinal plants against pathogenic yeast and moulds. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2008, 7:4349-4353.
134. Parsaeimehr A., Sargsyan E., Javidnia K. A comparative study of the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity and total content of phenolic compounds of cell cultures and wild plants of three endemic species of Ephedra. Molecules 2010, 15:1668-1678.
135. Pathak A.K. Anti-Candida activity of aqueous extracts of some herbals. Indian J. Fundam. Appl Life Sci. 2012, 2:1-6.
136. Pendota S.C., Aderogba M.A., Ndhlala A.R., Staden J.V. Antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam. leaf extracts and isolated compounds. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2013, 148:515-520.
137. Pereira Gonzales F., Maisch T. Photodynamic inactivation for controlling Candida albicans infections. Fungal Biol. 2012, 116:1-10.
138. Perlin D.S. Resistance to echinocandin-class antifungal drugs. Drug Resist. Updat. 2009, 10:121-130.
139. Perlin D.S. Current perspectives on echinocandin class drugs. Future Microbiol. 2014, 6:441-457.
140. Pessini G.L., Filho B.P.D., Nakamura C.V., Cortez D.A.G. Antifungal activity of the extracts and neolignans from Piper regnellii (Miq.) C. DC. var. pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2005, 16:1130-1133.
141. Petrovska B.B. Historical review of medicinal plants' usage. Pharmacogn. Rev. 2012, 6:1-5.
142. Picerno P., Mencherini T., Sansone F., Gaudio P., Del, Granata I., Porta A., Aquino R.P. Screening of a polar extract of Paeonia rockii: composition and antioxidant and antifungal activities. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011, 138:705-712.
143. Pierce G.E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and device-related nosocomial infections: implications, trends, and potential approaches for control. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2005, 32:309-318.
144. Politeo O., Juki M., Milo M. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils of twelve spice plants. Croat. Chem. Acta 2006, 79:545-552.
145. Prabhakar K., Kumar L.S., Rajendran S., Chandrasekaran M., Bhaskar K., Sajit Khan A.K. Antifungal activity of plant extracts against Candida species from oral lesions. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2008, 70:801-803.
146. Proença da Cunha, A., Silva, A.P., Roque, O.R., 2012. Plantas e produtos vegetais em Fitoterapia, 4th ed. Lisboa.
147. Proença da Cunha, A., Teixeira, F., Silva, A.P., Roque, O.R., 2010. Plantas na terapêutica: farmacologia e ensaios clinicos, 2nd ed. Lisboa.
148. Qader M.K., Khalid N.S., Saadullah A.A.M. Screening of some plant extracts for antifungal activity against Candida species. Int. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Res. 2013, 1:65-67.
149. Rajeh M.A.B., Zuraini Z., Sasidharan S., Latha L.Y., Amutha S. Assessment of Euphorbia hirta L. leaf, flower, stem and root extracts for their antibacterial and antifungal activity and brine shrimp lethality. Molecules 2010, 15:6008-6018.
150. Raman S.B., Nguyen M.H., Cheng S., Badrane H., Iczkowski K.A., Wegener M., Gaffen S.L., Mitchell A.P., Clancy C.J. A competitive infection model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis in mice redefines the role of Candida albicans IRS4 in pathogenesis. Infect. Immun. 2013, 81:1430-1438.
151. Rana I.S., Rana A.S., Rajak R.C. Evaluation of antifungal activity in essential oil of the Syzygium aromaticum (L.) by extration, purification and analysis of its main component eugenol. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2011, 42:1269-1277.
152. Ren B., Xia B., Li W., Wu J., Zhang H. Two novel phenolic compounds from Stenoloma chusanum and their antifungal activity. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2009, 45:182-186.
153. Rice-Evans C.A., Miller N.J., Paganga G. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1996, 20:933-956.
154. Robbins R.J. Phenolic acids in foods: an overview of analytical methodology. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51:2866-2887.
155. Rose J. Herbal and nutritional support for the immune system. Clin. Nutr. Insights 1999, 6:1-4.
156. Rubió L., Motilva M.-J., Romero M.-P. Recent advances in biologically active compounds in herbs and spices: a review of the most effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory active principles. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2013, 53:943-953.
157. Saeed S., Tariq P. Antimicrobial activities of Emblica officinalis and Coriandrum sativum against gram positive bacteria and Candida albicans. Pakistan J. Bot. 2007, 39:913-917.
158. Safaei-Ghomi J., Ahd A.A. Antimicrobial and antifungal properties of the essential oil and methanol extracts of eucalyptus largiflorens and Eucalyptus intertexta. Pharmacogn. Mag. 2010, 6:172-175.
159. Saleem M., Nazir M., Ali M.S., Hussain H., Lee Y.S., Riaz N., Jabbar A. Antimicrobial natural products: an update on future antibiotic drug candidates. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2010, 27:238-254.
160. Sangamwar A.T., Deshpande U.D., Pekamwar S.S. Antifungals: need to search for a new molecular target. Indian J. Pharm. Sci 2008, 70:423-430.
161. Sanglard D. Resistance of human fungal pathogens to antifungal drugs. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2002, 5:379-385.
162. Sanglard D., Odds Reviews F.C. Resistance of candida species to antifungal agents: molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2002, 2:73-85.
163. Santos-Buelga C., Gonzalez-Manzano S., Dueñas M., Gonzalez-Paramas A.M. Extraction and isolation of phenolic compounds. Methods Mol. Biol. 2012, 864:427-464.
164. Sardi J.C.O., Scorzoni L., Bernardi T., Fusco-Almeida A.M., Giannini M.J.S.M. Candida species: current epidemiology, pathogenicity, biofilm formation, natural antifungal products and new therapeutic options. J. Med. Microbiol. 2013, 62:10-24.
165. Sertel S., Fu Y., Zu Y., Rebacz B., Konkimalla B., Plinkert P.K., Krämer A., Gertsch J., Efferth T. Molecular docking and pharmacogenomics of Vinca alkaloids and their monomeric precursors, vindoline and catharanthine. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2011, 81:723-735.
166. Shamim S., Ahmed S.W., Azhar I. Antifungal activity of Allium, Aloe, and Solanum species. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 2004, 42:491-498.
167. Sher A. Antimicrobial activity of natural products from medicinal plants. Gomal J. Med. Sci. 2009, 7:72-78.
168. Shojaii A., Fard M.A. Review of pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of Pimpinella anisum. Int. Sch. Res. Netw. - ISRN Pharm. 2012, 2012:1-8.
169. Siler B., Živković S., Banjanac T., Cvetković J., Živković J.N., Cirić A., Soković M., Mišić D. Centauries as underestimated food additives: antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Food Chem. 2014, 147:367-376.
170. Silva F., Ferreira S., Duarte A., Mendonça D.I., Domingues F.C. Antifungal activity of Coriandrum sativum essential oil, its mode of action against Candida species and potential synergism with amphotericin B. Phytomedicine 2011, 19:42-47.
171. Silva S., Henriques M., Hayes A., Oliveira R., Azeredo J., Williams D.W. Candida glabrata and Candida albicans co-infection of an in vitro oral epithelium. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 2011, 40:421-427.
172. de Silva G.S. Study of the antimicrobial activity of the medicinal plant extracts against clinical isolates of Candida species 2012, State University of Paraíba.
173. Silva N.C.C., Fernandes Júnior A. Biological properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antimicrobial activity. J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 2010, 16:402-413.
174. Singh A., Duggal S., Kaur N., Singh J. Berberine: alkaloid with wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. J. Nat. Prod. 2010, 3:64-75.
175. Singh R.P., Sharad S., Kapur S. Free radicals and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: relevance of dietary antioxidants. J. Indian Acad. Clin. Med. 2004, 5:218-225.
176. Sobel J.D. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet 2007, 369:1961-1971.
177. Souza N.A.B., Lima, de E.O., Guedes D.N., Pereira F.D.O., Souza E.L., de, Sousa F.B. Efficacy of Origanum essential oils for inhibition of potentially pathogenic fungi. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 2010, 46:499-508.
178. Sule A., Ahmed Q.U., Latip J., Samah O.A., Omar M.N., Umar A., Dogarai B.B.S. Antifungal activity of Andrographis paniculata extracts and active principles against skin pathogenic fungal strains in vitro. Pharm. Biol. 2012, 50:850-856.
179. Sullivan D.J., Moran G.P., Pinjon E., Almosaid A., Stokes C., Vaughan C., Coleman D.C. Comparison of the epidemiology, drug resistance mechanisms, and virulence of Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res. 2004, 4:369-376.
180. Sun S., Lou H., Gao Y., Fan P., Ma B., Ge W., Wang X. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the analysis of fluconazole and evaluation of the impact of phenolic compounds on the concentration of fluconazole in Candida albicans. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2004, 34:1117-1124.
181. Tarry W., Fisher M., Shen S., Mawhinney M. Candida albicans: the estrogen target for vaginal colonization. J. Surg. Res. 2005, 129:278-282.
182. Tharkar P.R., Tatiya A.U., Shinde P.R., Surana S.J., Patil U.K. Antifungal activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. and Emblica officinalis Gaertn. by direct bioautography method. Int. J. PharmTech. Res. 2010, 2:1547-1549.
183. Thirach S., Tragoolpua K., Punjaisee S., Jatisatienr C., Kharmwan C., Kunyanone N. Antifungal activity of some medicinal plant extracts against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Acta Hortic. 2003, 597:217-221.
184. Timothy S.Y., Wazis C.H., Adati R.G., Maspalma I.D. Antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of CCassia alata Linn. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2012, 2:182-185.
185. Tintino S.R., Souza C.E.S., Guedes G.M.M., Costa J.I.V., Duarte F.M., Chaves M.C.O., Silva V.A., Pessôa H.L.F., Lima M.A., Garcia C.A., Coutinho H.D.M. Modulatory antimicrobial activity of piper arboreum extracts. Acta Bot. Croat. 2014, 73:281-289.
186. Tomczykowa M., Tomczyk M., Jakoniuk P., Tryniszewska E. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the extracts and essential oils of bidens tripartita. Folia Histochem. Cytobiol. 2008, 46:389-393.
187. Touré A., Bahi C., Ouattara K., Djama J.A., Coulibaly A. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antifungal activities of extracts of leaves of Morinda morindoides (Morinda, Rubiaceae). J. Med. Plants Res. 2011, 5:6780-6786.
188. Tsai P.-W., Chen Y.-T., Hsu P.-C., Lan C.-Y. Study of Candida albicans and its interactions with the host: a mini review. Biomedicine 2013, 3:51-64.
189. Tsuzuki J.K., Svidzinski T.I.E., Shinobu C.S., Silva L.F.A., Rodrigues-Filho E., Cortez D.A.G., Ferreira I.C.P. Antifungal activity of the extracts and saponins from Sapindus saponaria L. Ann. Braz. Acad. Sci. 2007, 79:577-583.
190. Unver A., Arslan D., Cetynkaya Z., Ozcan M.M. Antimycotic activity of methanol extracts of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) and thyme (Thymbra spicata L.). J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 2008, 11:90-95.
191. Valko M., Leibfritz D., Moncol J., Cronin M.T.D., Mazur M., Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2007, 39:44-84.
192. Vázquez-González D., Perusquía-Ortiz A.M., Hundeiker M., Bonifaz A. Opportunistic yeast infections: candidiasis, cryptococcosis, trichosporonosis and geotrichosis. J. Ger. Soc. Dermatol. 2013, 11:381-394.
193. Volleková A., Kost'álová D., Kettmann V., Tóth J. Antifungal activity of Mahonia aquifolium extract and its major protoberberine alkaloids. Phyther. Res. 2003, 17:834-837.
194. Wächtler B., Citiulo F., Jablonowski N., Förster S., Dalle F., Schaller M., Wilson D., Hube B. Candida albicans-epithelial interactions: dissecting the roles of active penetration, induced endocytosis and host factors on the infection process. PLoS One 2012, 7:1-10.
195. Walch S.G., Tinzoh L.N., Zimmermann B.F., Stühlinger W., Lachenmeier D.W. Antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic composition as quality indicators for aqueous infusions of Salvia officinalis L. (sage tea). Front. Pharmacol. 2011, 2:1-6.
196. Waldorf A.R., Polak A. Mechanisms of action of 5-fluorocytosine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1983, 23:79-85.
197. Wang J., Lou J., Luo C., Zhou L., Wang M., Wang L. Phenolic compounds from Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13:11349-11364.
198. Webster D., Taschereau P., Belland R.J., Sand C., Rennie R.P. Antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts; preliminary screening studies. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008, 115:140-146.
199. Westwater C., Schofield D.A., Nicholas P.J., Paulling E.E., Balish E. Candida glabrata and Candida albicans; dissimilar tissue tropism and infectivity in a gnotobiotic model of mucosal candidiasis. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 2007, 51:134-139.
200. White T.C., Holleman S., Dy F., Laurence F., Stevens D.A., Mirels L.F. Resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2002, 46:1704-1713.
201. White T.C., Marr K.A., Bowden R.A. Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1998, 11:382-402.
202. Wojdylo A., Oszmianski J., Czemerys R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chem. 2007, 105:940-949.
203. Wong K.S., Tsang W.K.P. In vitro antifungal activity of the aqueous extract of Scutellatia baicalensis georgi root against Candida albicans. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2009, 34:283-284.
204. Wyk C., Van, Botha F.S., Steenkamp V. In vitro antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against oral Candida albicans isolates. Int. J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci. 2009, 3:26-30.
205. Xie Q., Johnson B.R., Wenckus C.S., Fayad M.I., Wu C.D. Efficacy of berberine, an antimicrobial plant alkaloid, as an endodontic irrigant against a mixed-culture biofilm in an in vitro tooth model. J. Endod. 2012, 38:1114-1117.
206. Yang S.W., Ubillas R., McAlpine J., A Stafford, Ecker D.M., Talbot M.K., Rogers B. Three new phenolic compounds from a manipulated plant cell culture, Mirabilis jalapa. J. Nat. Prod. 2001, 64:313-317.
207. Yazdani D.M., Rezazadeh S., Amin G., Abidin M.Z., Shahnazi S., Jamalifar H. Antifungal activity of dried extracts of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and star anise (Illicium verum Hook.) against dermatophyte and saprophyte fungi. J. Med. Plants 2009, 8:24-29.
208. Zhu X.F., Zhang H.X., Lo R. Antifungal activity of Cynara scolymus L. extracts. Fitoterapia 2005, 76:108-111.