The American presidency: An analytical approach

The American Presidency: An Analytical Approach

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-279

  Morris, Irwin L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924162529     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511781858     Document Type: Book

References (259)

1. Abramowitz, Alan I. 2008. “Forecasting the 2008 Presidential Election with the Time-for-Change Model.” PS: Political Science and Politics. XLI: 691-696.
2. Abrams, Burton A. 2008. “A Rejoinder to A Commentary on ‘Does the Fed Contribute to a Political Business Cycle’.” Public Choice. 134: 489-490.
3. Abrams, Burton A. and Plaman Iossifoy 2006. “Does the Fed Contribute to a Political Business Cycle?” Public Choice. 129: 249-262.
4. Adams, Gordon 1981. The Iron Triangle: The Politics of Defense Contracting. New York: Council on Economic Priorities.
5. Adler, David G. 2003. “Presidential Greatness as an Attribute of Warmaking.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. 29: 466-483.
6. Adler, E. Scott and Daniel S. Lapinski, eds. 2006. The Macropolitics of Congress. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
7. Alesina, Alberto 1988. Macroeconomics and Politics. In National Bureau of Economic Research Macroeconomics Annual 1987. Edited by Stanley Fischer. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
8. Alesina, Alberto and Howard Rosenthal 1989. “Partisan Cycles in Congressional Elections and the Macroeconomy.” American Political Science Review. 83: 373-398.
9. Alesina, Alberto, John Londregan, and Howard Rosenthal 1993. “A Model of the Political Economy of the United States.” American Political Science Review. 87: 12-33.
10. Alesina, Alberto, Niccolo Roubini, and Gerald Cohen 1997. Political Cycles and the Macroeconomy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11. Alt, James E. and Alex Chrystal 1983. Political Economy. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
12. APSA Committee on Political Parties 1950. “Toward a More Responsible Two- Party System: A Report of the Committee on Political Parties.” American Political Science Review. 44: Supplement.
13. Bailey, Jeremy D. 2007. Thomas Jefferson and Executive Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Bailey, Michael A. 2007. “Comparable Preference Estimates across Time and Institutions for the Court, Congress and the President.” American Journal of Political Science. 51: 433-448.
15. Barber, James David 1992. Presidential Character: Predicting Performance in the White House. 4th edition. New York: Prentice Hall.
16. Barrett, Andrew W. 2004. “Gone Public: The Impact of Going Public on Presidential Legislative Success.” American Politics Research. 32: 338-370.
17. Barron, Maggie 2008. “The Real Presidential Legacy.” Brennan Center for Justice. http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/category/economic_opportunity.
18. Bartels, Larry M. 2008. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
19. Beck, Nathaniel 1987. “Elections and the Fed: Is There a Political Monetary Cycle?” American Journal of Political Science. 31: 194-216.
20. Berelson, Bernard, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and William N. McPhee 1954. Voting. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
21. Binder, Sarah A. 1999. “The Dynamics of Legislative Gridlock, 1947-1996.” American Political Science Review. 93: 519-533.
22. Binder, Sarah A. 2003. Stalemate: Causes and Consequences of Legislative Gridlock. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
23. Binder, Sarah A. 2008. “Taking the Measure of Congress: Response to Chiou and Rothenberg.” Political Analysis. 16: 213-225.
24. Bordo, Michael D., Claudia Goldin, and Eugene N. White 1998. The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
25. Brace, Paul and Melinda Gann Hall 1993. “Integrated Models of Judicial Dissent.” Journal of Politics. 55: 914-935.
26. Brace, Paul and Melinda Gann Hall 1997. “The Interplay of Preferences, Case Facts, Context, and Structure in the Politics of Judicial Choice.” Journal of Politics. 59: 1206-1231.
27. Budget and Accounting Act. Public Law 67-13. 42 Statute 20. Enacted June 10, 1921.
28. Calabresi, Steven G. and Christopher S. Yoo 2008. The Unitary Executive: Presidential Power from Washington to Bush. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
29. Cameron, Charles 2000. Veto Bargaining: Presidents and the Politics of Negative Power. New York: Cambridge University Press.
30. Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley.
31. Campbell, James E. 2003. The American Campaign: U.S. Presidential Campaigns and the National Vote. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
32. Campbell, James E. 2008a. “The Trial-Heat Forecast of the 2008 Presidential Vote: Performance and Value Considerations in an Open-Seat Election.” PS: Political Science and Politics.” XLI: 697-701.
33. Campbell, James E. 2008b. “Editor’s Introduction: Forecasting the 2008 National Elections.” PS: Political Science and Politics. October: 679-681.
34. Campbell, James, Lynne L. Cherry, and Kenneth A. Wink 1992. “The Convention Bump.” American Politics Quarterly. 20: 287-307.
35. Canes-Wrone, Brandice 2001. “The President’s Legislative Influence from Public Appeals.” American Journal of Political Science. 45: 313-329
36. Canes-Wrone, Brandice 2006. Who Leads Whom? Presidents, Policy, and the Public. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
37. Canes-Wrone, Brandice and Scott de Marchi 2002. “Presidential Approval and Legislative Success.” Journal of Politics. 64: 491-509.
38. Canes-Wrone, Brandice, Michael C. Herron, and Kenneth W. Shotts 2001. “Leadership and Pandering: A Theory of Executive Policymaking.” American Journal of Political Science. 45: 532-550
39. Canes-Wrone, Brandice, William G. Howell, and David E. Lewis 2008. “Toward a Broader Understanding of Presidential Power: A Reevaluation of the Two Presidencies Thesis.” Journal of Politics. 70: 1-16.
40. Carmines, Edward G. and James A. Stimson 1989. Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
41. Carpenter, Daniel P. 2001. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862-1928. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
42. Chang, Kelly H. 2003. Appointing Central Bankers: The Politics of Monetary Policy in the United States and the European Monetary Union. New York: Cambridge University Press.
43. Chappell, Henry J. and William R. Keech 1986. “Party Differences in Macroeconomic Policies and Outcomes.” American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings. 76: 71-74.
44. Chiou, Fang-Yi and Lawrence S. Rothenberg 2008a. “Comparing Legislators and Legislatures: The Dynamics of Legislative Gridlock Reconsidered.” Political Analysis. 16: 197-212.
45. Chiou, Fang-Yi and Lawrence S. Rothenberg 2008b. “The Search for Comparability: Response to Binder.” Political Analysis. 16: 226-233.
46. Clark, William Roberts 2003. Capitalism, Not Globalism: Capital Mobility, Central Bank Independence, and the Political Control of the Economy. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
47. Cohen, Jeffrey E 1991. “Historical Reassessment of Wildavsky’s ‘Two Presidencies’ Thesis.” Social Science Quarterly. 63: 549-555.
48. Cohen, Jeffrey E. 2003. “The Polls: Presidential Greatness as Seen in the Mass Public - an Extension and Application of the Simonton Model.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. 33: 913-924.
49. Conley, Richard 2003. The Presidency, Congress, and Divided Government: A Postwar Assessment. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
50. Converse, Philip E. 1964. The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics. In Ideology and Discontent. Edited by David E. Apter. New York: Free Press.
51. Cooper, Phillip J. 2002. By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
52. Cronin, Thomas E. 1979. “Presidential Power Revised and Reappraised.” Western Political Quarterly. 32: 381-395.
53. Cronin, Thomas E. 1989. Inventing the American Presidency. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
54. CSPAN 2009. 2009 Historians Presidential Leadership Survey. http://www.c-span.org/PresidentialSurvey/presidential-leadership-survey.aspx
55. Cuzan, Alfred G. and Charles M. Bundrick 2008. “Forecasting the 2008 Presidential Election: A Challenge for the Fiscal Model.” PS: Political Science and Politics. XLI: 717-722.
56. Dailey, William O., Edward A. Hinck, and Shelly S. Hinck 2007. Politeness in Presidential Debates: Shaping Political Face in Campaign Debaters from 1960 to 2004. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
57. Danelski, David 1964. A Supreme Court Justice is Appointed. New York: Random House.
58. Dickinson, Matthew J. 2008. The Politics of Persuasion: A Bargaining Model of Presidential Power. In Presidential Leadership: The Vortex of Power. Edited by Bert A. Rockman and Richard W. Waterman. New York: Oxford University Press.
59. Downs, Anthony 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper.
60. Drazen, Allan 2001. “The Political Business Cycle after 25 Years.” NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
61. Druckman, J. N. 2003. “The Power of Television Images: The First KennedyNixon Debate Revisited.” Journal of Politics. 65: 559-571.
62. Edwards III, George C. 1986. “The Two Presidencies: A Reevaluation.” American Politics Quarterly. 14: 247-263.
63. Edwards III, George C. and Andrew Barrett 2000. “Presidential Agenda Setting in Congress.” In Polarized Politics: Congress and the President in a Partisan Era. Edited by Jon R. Bond and Richard Fleisher. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
64. Edwards III, George C., Andrew Barrett, and Jeffrey Peake 1997. “The Legislative Impact of Divided Government.” American Journal of Political Science. 41: 545-563.
65. Ellis, Joseph J. 2007. American Creation. New York: Knopf.
66. Enelow, James M. and Melvin J. Hinich 1984. The Spatial Theory of Voting: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
67. Enelow, James M. and Melvin J. Hinich 1990. Advances in the Spatial Theory of Voting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
68. Epstein, Lee and Jack Knight 1998. The Choices Justices Make. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
69. Epstein, Lee and Jeffrey A. Segal 2005. Advice and Consent: The Politics of Judicial Appointments. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
70. Erikson, Robert S. 1989. “Economic Conditions and the Presidential Vote.” American Political Science Review. 83: 567-573.
71. Fair, Ray C. 1978. “The Effect of Economic Events on Votes for President.” The Review of Economics and Statistics. May: 159-173.
72. Fair, Ray C. 2002. Predicting Presidential Elections and Other Things. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
73. Faust, J. and J. Irons 1999. “Money, Politics, and the Post-War Business Cycle.” Journal of Monetary Economics. 43: 61-89.
74. Federal Reserve Act. 2000. 114 Statute 3028. As amended December 27, 2000.
75. Felzenberg, Alvin S. 2008. The Leaders We Deserved (And a Few We Didn’t): Rethinking the Presidential Rating Game. New York: Basic Books.
76. Ferejohn, John and Charles R. Shipan 1990. “Congressional Influence on Bureaucracy.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization. 6: 1-21.
77. Feyerabend, Paul 1993. Against Method. 3rd edition. London: Verso.
78. Fisher, Louis 2004. Presidential War Power. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
79. Fisher, Louis 2007. Constitutional Conflicts Between Congress and the President. 5th edition. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
80. Fleisher, Richard and Jon R. Bond 1988. “Are There Two Presidencies?” Journal of Politics. 50: 747-767.
81. Fleisher, Richard, Jon R. Bond, Glen S. Krutz, and Stephen Hanna 2000. “The Demise of the Two Presidencies.” American Politics Quarterly. 28: 3-25.
82. Fleisher, Richard, Jon R. Bond, and B. Dan Wood 2008. Which Presidents Are Uncommonly Successful in Congress. In Presidential Leadership: The Vortex of Power. Edited by Bert A. Rockman and Richard W. Waterman. New York: Oxford University Press.
83. Frendreis, John P. and Raymond Tatalovich 1994. The Modern Presidency and Economic Policy. Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publishers.
84. Freund, Elizabeth 2007. Sovereigns or Servants: Presidential Relations with Congress in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park.
85. Friendenberg, Robert V., ed. 1997. Rhetorical Studies on National Political Debates-1996. Westport, CT: Praeger.
86. Froyen, Richard T. 2008. Macroeconomics. 9th edition. New York: Prentice Hall.
87. Geer, John 1988. “The Effects of Presidential Debates on the Electoral Preferences for Candidates.” American Politics Quarterly. 16: 486-501
88. Gerber, Alan S. and Donald P. Green 2000. “The Effects of Canvassing, Direct Mail, and Telephone Contact on Voter Turnout: A Field Experiment.” American Political Science Review. 94: 653-663.
89. Gerber, Alan S. and Donald P. Green 2001. “Do Phone Calls Increase Voter Turnout? A Field Experiment.” Public Opinion Quarterly. 65: 75-85.
90. Gerber, Alan S., Donald P. Green, and Christopher W. Larimer 2008. “Social Pressure and Voter Turnout: Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment.” American Political Science Review. 102: 33-48.
91. Gilmour, John B. 1995. Strategic Disagreement: Stalemate in American Politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
92. Gilmour. John B. 2002. “Institutional and Individual Influences on the President’s Veto.” Journal of Politics. 64: 198-218.
93. Green, Donald P. and Alan S. Gerber 2005. “Recent Advances in the Science of Voter Mobilization.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 601(1): 142-154.
94. Green, Donald P., Alan S. Gerber, and David W. Nickerson 2003. “Getting Out the Vote in Local Elections: Results from Six Door-to-Door Canvassing Experiments.” Journal of Politics. 65: 1083-1096.
95. Green, Donald P., Bradley Palmquist, and Eric Shickler. 2002. Partisan Hearts and Minds: Political Parties and the Social Identities of Voters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
96. Greider, William 1989. Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country. New York: Simon and Schuster.
97. Grier, Kevin 1989. “On the Existence of a Political Monetary Cycle.” American Journal of Political Science. 33: 376-389.
98. Grier, Kevin 2008. “U.S. Presidential Elections and Real GDP Growth, 19612004.” Public Choice. 135: 337-352.
99. Hallinan, Joseph T. 2009. Why We Make Mistakes: How We Look Without Seeing, Forget Things in Seconds, and Are All Pretty Sure We Are Way Above Average. New York: Broadway.
100. Halstead, T. J. 2007. Presidential Signing Statements: Constitutional and Institutional Implications. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
101. Hamilton, Alexander and James Madison 2007. The Pacificus-Helvidius Debates of 1793-1794. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.
102. Hamilton, Alexander, John Jay, and James Madison 2001. The Federalist (Gideon Edition). Edited by George W. Carey and James McClellan. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.
103. Hammond, Thomas H. and Jack H. Knott 1996. “Who Controls the Bureaucracy? Presidential Power, Congressional Dominance, Legal Constraints, and Bureaucratic Autonomy in a Model of Multi-institutional Policymaking.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization. 12: 119-166.
104. Hart, Roderick P. 1987. The Sound of Leadership: Presidential Communication in the Modern Age. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
105. Herrnson, Paul and Irwin L. Morris 2007. “Presidential Campaigning in the 2002 Congressional Elections.” Legislative Studies Quarterly. XXXII: 629-648.
106. Hibbs, Douglas A. 1977. “Political Parties and Macroeconomic Policy.” American Political Science Review. 71: 1467-1478.
107. Hibbs, Douglas A. 1987. The American Political Economy: Macroeconomics and Electoral Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
108. Hillygus, D. Sunshine and Simon Jackman 2003. “Voter Decision Making in Election 2000: Campaign Effects, Partisan Activation, and the Clinton Legacy.” American Journal of Political Science. 47: 583-596.
109. Hillygus, D. Sunshine and Todd G. Shields 2008. The Persuadable Voter: Wedge Issues in Presidential Campaigns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
110. Hinckley, Barbara 1994. Less than Meets the Eye: Foreign Policymaking and the Myth of the Assertive Congress. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
111. Hinich, Melvin J. and Michael Munger 1997. Analytical Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
112. Holbrook, Thomas M. 1994. “The Behavioral Consequences of Vice- Presidential Debates: Does the Undercard Have any Punch?” American Politics Quarterly. 22: 469-482.
113. Holbrook, Thomas M. 1996. Do Campaigns Matter? Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
114. Holbrook, Thomas M. 1999. “Political Learning from Presidential Debates.” Political Behavior. 21: 67-89.
115. Holbrook, Thomas M. 2008. “Incumbency, National Conditions, and the 2008 Presidential Election.” PS: Political Science and Politics. XLI: 709-712.
116. Howe, Daniel Walker 2007. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
117. Howell, William G. 2003. Power Without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
118. Howell, William G. and Jon C. Pevehouse 2007. While Dangers Gather: Congressional Checks on Presidential War Powers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
119. Huber, John D. and Charles R. Shipan 2002. Deliberate Discretion? The Institutional Foundations of Bureaucratic Autonomy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
120. Hume, David 1995 (1748). An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding. New York: Prentice Hall.
121. Jones, Edward E. and Victor A. Harris 1967. “The Attribution of Attitudes.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 3: 1-24.
122. Jordan, Stuart V. and David M. Primo 2008. “The Bad News About ‘Going Public.’” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.
123. Kelley, Christopher 2006. “The Significance of the Presidential Signing Statement.” In Executing the Constitution: Putting the President Back into the Constitution. Edited by Christopher S. Kelley. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
124. Kellstedt, Paul M. and Guy D. Whitten 2008. The Fundamentals of Political Science Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
125. Keohane, Robert O. 2009. “Political Science as a Vocation.” PS: Political Science & Politics. XLII: 359-364.
126. Kernell, Samuel 1976. “The Truman Doctrine Speech: A Case Study of the Dynamics of Presidential Opinion Leadership.” Social Science History. 1: 20-44.
127. Kernell, Samuel 2007 (1986). Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership. 4th edition. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
128. Ketcham, Ralph 1986. The Anti-Federalist Papers and the Constitutional Convention Debates. New York: Signet.
129. Key, Jr., V. O. 1966. The Responsible Electorate: Rationality in Presidential Voting, 1936-1960. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
130. Keynes, John Maynard 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company.
131. King, Gary 1993. “Small-n Issues in Presidency Research, and How to Resolve the Problem.” In The Methodology of Presidential Research. Edited by George Edwards III, John H. Kessel, and Bert A. Rockman. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
132. King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba 1994. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
133. Krasno, Jonathan S. and Donald P. Green 2008. “Do Televised Presidential Ads Increase Voter Turnout? Evidence from a Natural Experiment.” Journal of Politics. 70: 245-261.
134. Kraus, Sidney 1996. “Winners of the First 1960 Televised Presidential Debate Between Kennedy and Nixon.” Journal of Communication. 46: 78-96.
135. Krause, George A. 2009. “Organizational Complexity and Coordination Dilemmas in U.S. Executive Politics.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. 39: 74-88.
136. Krause, George A. and David B. Cohen 2000. “Opportunity, Constraints, and the Development of the Institutional Presidency: The Case of Executive Order Issuance, 1939-1996.” Journal of Politics. 62: 88-114.
137. Krehbiel, Keith 2007. “Supreme Court Appointments as a Move-the-Median Game.” American Journal of Political Science. 51: 231-240.
138. Krutz, Glen S. and Jeffrey S. Peake 2009. Treaty Politics and the Rise of Executive Agreements: International Commitments in a System of Shared Powers. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
139. Kuhn, Thomas S. 1996. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 3rd edition. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
140. Lakatos, Imre 1970. Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Volume 4: Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, London, 1965. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
141. Landy, Marc and Sidney M. Milkis 2001. Presidential Greatness. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
142. Lanoue, David J. and Peter R. Schrott 1991. The Joint Press Conference: The History, Impact, and Prospects of Televised Presidential Debates. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press.
143. Lazarsfeld, Paul F., Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet 1944. The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.
144. Leloup, Lance T. and Steven A. Shull 1979. “Congress versus the Executive: The ‘Two Presidencies’ Reconsidered.” Social Science Quarterly. 59: 704-719.
145. Lessig, Lawrence and Cass Sunstein 1994. “The President and the Administration.” Columbia Law Review. 94: 106-108.
146. Lewis, David E. 2008. Politicizing Administration: Policy and Patronage in Presidential Appointments. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
147. Lewis-Beck, Michael S. and Charles Tien 2008. “The Job of President and the Jobs Model Forecast: Obama for ‘08?” PS: Political Science and Politics. October: 687-690.
148. Lindsay, James M. and Wayne P. Steger 1993. “The ‘Two Presidencies’ in Future Research: Moving Beyond Roll-Call Analysis.” Congress & the Presidency. 20: 103-117.
149. Lynch, G. Patrick 1999. “Presidential Elections and the Economy, 18721996: The Times They are a’ Changing or the Song Remains the Same.” Political Research Quarterly. 52: 825-844.
150. Mankiw, N. Gregory 2006. Macroeconomics. New York: Worth Publishers.
151. Maranell, Gary M. 1970. “The Evaluation of Presidents: An Extension of the Schlesinger Polls.” Journal of American History. 57: 104-113.
152. Maranell, Gary M. and R. Dodder 1970. “Political Orientations and the Evaluation of Presidential Prestige: A Study of American Historians.” Social Science Quarterly. 51: 415-421.
153. Marshall, B.W. and R. L. Pacelle 2005. “Revisiting the Two Presidencies: The Strategic Use of Executive Orders.” American Politics Research. 33: 81-105.
154. Mayer, Kenneth 1999. “Executive Orders and Presidential Power.” Journal of Politics. 61: 445-466.
155. Mayer, Kenneth 2001. With the Stroke of the Pen: Executive Orders and Presidential Power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
156. Mayhew, David R.1994.Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
157. Mayhew, David R. 1991. Divided We Govern: Party Control, Lawmaking, and Investigations, 1946-1990. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
158. Mayhew, David R. 2005. Divided We Govern: Party Control, Lawmaking, and Investigations, 1946-2002. 2nd edition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
159. McCann, Stewart J. H. 1992. “Alternative Formulas to Predict the Greatness of U.S. Presidents: Personological, Situational, and Zeitgeist Factors.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 62:469-479.
160. McCann, Stewart J. H. 1995. “Presidential Candidate Age and Schlesinger’s Cycles of American History (1789-1992): When Younger is Better.” Political Psychology. 16: 749-755.
161. McCann, Stewart J. H. 2005. “Simple Method for Predicting American Presidential Greatness from Victory Margin in Popular Vote (1825-1996).” Journal of Social Psychology. 145: 287-298.
162. McCarty, Nolan and Adam Meirowitz 2007. Political Game Theory: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.
163. McDonald, Forrest 1995. The American Presidency: An Intellectual History. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
164. McGuire, Kevin and James A Stimson 2004. “The Least Dangerous Branch Revisited: New Evidence on Supreme Court Responsiveness to Public Preferences.” Journal of Politics. 66: 1018-1035.
165. Meernik, James 1993. “Presidential Support in Congress: Conflict and Consensus on Foreign and Defense Policy.” Journal of Politics. 55: 569-587.
166. Middleton, Joel A. and Donald P. Green 2008. “Do Community-Based Mobilization Campaigns Work Even in Battleground States? Evaluating the Effectiveness of Move On’s 2004 Outreach Campaign.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science. 3: 63-82.
167. Miller, Gary J. 1992. Managerial Dilemmas: The Political Economy of Hierarchy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
168. Mills, C. Wright 1959. The Sociological Imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
169. Moraski, Byron J. and Charles R. Shipan 1999. “The Politics of Supreme Court Nominations: A Theory of Institutional Constraint and Choices.” American Journal of Political Science. 43: 1069-1095.
170. Morris, Irwin L. 2000. Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve: The Politics of American Monetary Policymaking. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
171. Morris, Irwin L. and Michael C. Munger 1998. “First Branch, or Root? The Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve.” Public Choice. 96: 363-380.
172. Morrow, James D. 1994. Game Theory for Political Scientists. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
173. Murray, Robert K. and Tim H. Blessing 1983. “The Presidential Performance Study: A Progress Report.” Journal of American History. 70: 535-555.
174. Nathan, Richard P. 1983. The Administrative Presidency. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
175. Neustadt, Richard E. 1960. Presidential Power: The Politics of Leadership. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
176. Neustadt, Richard E. 1990. Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents. New York: Free Press.
177. Niskanen, Jr., William A. 1971. Bureaucracy and Representative Government. Chicago, IL: Aldine-Atherton.
178. Nordhaus, William 1975. “The Political Business Cycle.” Review of Economic Studies. 42: 169-190.
179. Norpoth, Helmut 2008. “On the Razor’s Edge: The Forecast of the Primary Model.” PS: Political Science and Politics. XLI: 683-686.
180. Lawrence H. and Samuel H. Williamson Officer, 2009. “Annualized Growth Rate of Various Historical Economic Series.” MeasuringWorth. http://www.measuringworth.com/growth/.
181. Osborne, Martin J. 2004. An Introduction to Game Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
182. Panagopoulos, Costas and Donald P. Green 2008. “Field Experiments Testing the Impact of Radio Advertisements on Electoral Competition.” American Journal of Political Science. 52: 156-168.
183. Parsons, Talcott 1951. Toward a General Theory of Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
184. Patterson, Jr., Bradley H. 2000. The White House Staff. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
185. Peppers, Donald 1975. The Two Presidencies’; Eight Years Later. In Perspectives on the Presidency. Edited by Aaron Wildavsky. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.
186. Phillips, Alban W. 1958. “The Relationship between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wages in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957.” Economica. 25: 283-299.
187. Popper, Karl 1953. The Problem of Induction. In Popper Selections. Edited by David Miller. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
188. Powell, Richard J. 1999. “Going Public’ Revisited: Presidential Speechmaking and the Bargaining Setting in Congress.” Congress & the Presidency. 26: 153-170.
189. President’s Budget for Fiscal Year 2010, The. 2009. Office of Management and Budget. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
190. Ragsdale, Lyn 1998. Vital Statistics on the Presidency. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
191. Riccards, Michael Various years. The Ferocious Engine of Democracy. Multiple volumes. Madison Books.
192. Ridings, William J. 2001. Rating the Presidents: A Ranking of U.S. Leaders, from the Great and Honorable to the Dishonest and Incompetent. Revised edition. Charleston, SC: Citadel Press.
193. Ridings, William J. and Stuart B. McIver 1997. Rating the Presidents: A Ranking of U.S. Leaders, from the Great and Honorable to the Dishonest and Incompetent. Charleston, SC: Citadel Press.
194. Rockof, Hugh 1998. Ideological Change and the Growth of the Federal Bureaucracy. In The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the 20th Century. Edited by Michael D. Borda, Claudia Goldin, and Eugene N. White. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
195. Rohde, David and Dennis Simon 1985. “Presidential Vetoes and Congressional Response: A Study of Institutional Conflict.” American Journal of Political Science. 29: 397-427.
196. Rohde, David and Kenneth Shepsle 2007. “Advising and Consenting in the 60-Vote Senate: Strategic Appointments to the Supreme Court.” Journal of Politics. 69: 664-677.
197. Rudalevige, Andrew 2005. The New Imperial Presidency: Renewing Presidential Power after Watergate. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
198. Rudalevige, Andrew 2009. “The Administrative Presidency and Bureaucratic Control: Implementing a Research Agenda.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. 39: 10-24.
199. Sarkees, Meredith Reid 2000. “The Correlates of War Data on War: An Update to 1997.” Conflict Management and Peace Science. 18: 123-144.
200. Schlesinger, Arthur M. 1948. “Historians Rate the U.S. Presidents.” Life. 25: 65-66, 68, 73-74.
201. Schlesinger, Arthur M. 1962. “Our Presidents: A Rating by 75 Historians.” New York Times Magazine. July: 12-13, 40-41, 43.
202. Schlesinger, Arthur M. 1973. The Imperial Presidency. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
203. Schlesinger, Arthur M. 1986. The Cycles of American History. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
204. Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M. 1997. “Ranking the Presidents: From Washington to Clinton.” Political Science Quarterly. 112: 179-190.
205. Schrott, Peter R. and David J. Lanoue 2008. “Debates Are for Losers.” PS: Political Science and Politics. XLI: 513-518.
206. Segal, Jeffrey A. and Albert D. Cover 1989. “Ideological Values and the Votes of Supreme Court Justices.” American Political Science Review. 83: 557-565.
207. Segal, Jeffrey A. and Harold Spaeth 2002. The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.
208. Segal, Jeffrey A., Charles M. Cameron, and Albert D. Cover 1992. “A Spatial Model of Roll Call Voting: Senators, Constituents, Presidents, and Interest Groups in Supreme Court Confirmations.” American Journal of Political Science. 36: 96-121.
209. Segal, Jeffrey, Richard Timpone, and Robert M. Howard 2000. “Buyer Beware? Presidential Success through Supreme Court Appointments.” Political Research Quarterly. 53: 557-573.
210. Shaw, Daron 1999. “The Effect of TV Ads and Candidate Appearances on Statewide Presidential Vote.” American Political Science Review. 93: 345-361.
211. Shaw, Daron 2006. The Race to 270. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
212. Shields, Todd G. and Chi Huang 1995. “Presidential Vetoes: An Event Count Model.” Political Research Quarterly. 48: 559-572.
213. Shields, Todd G. and Chi Huang 1997. “Executive Vetoes: Testing Presidency- vs. President-Centered Perspectives of Presidential Behavior.” American Politics Quarterly. 25: 431-457.
214. Shipan, Charles R. and John Ferejohn 1990. “Congressional Influence on Bureaucracy.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization. 6: 1-20.
215. Sigelman, Lee 1979. “A Reassessment of the Two Presidencies Thesis.” Journal of Politics. 41: 1195-1205.
216. Simonton, Dean Keith 1981. “Presidential Greatness and Performance: Can We Predict Leadership in the White House.” Journal of Personality. 49: 306-322.
217. Simonton, Dean Keith 1986. “Presidential Greatness: The Historical Consensus and Its Psychological Consensus.” Political Psychology. 7:259-283.
218. Simonton, Dean Keith 1991. “Predicting Presidential Greatness: An Alter native to the Kenney and Rice Contextual Index.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. 21: 301-305.
219. Simonton, Dean Keith 1992. “Presidential Greatness and Personality: A Response to McCann (1992).” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 63: 676-679.
220. Simonton, Dean Keith 2001. “Predicting Presidential Performance in the United States: Equation Replication on Recent Survey Results.” Journal of Social Psychology. 141: 293-307.
221. Simonton, Dean Keith 2002. “Intelligence and Presidential Greatness: Equation Replication Using Updated IQ Estimates.” Advances in Psychology Research. 13: 143-153.
222. Simonton, Dean Keith 2006. “Presidential IQ, Openness, Intellectual Brilliance, and Leadership: Estimates and Correlations for 42 U.S. Chief Executives.” Political Psychology. 27: 511-526.
223. Skowronek, Stephen 1982. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877-1920. New York: Cambridge University Press.
224. Skowronek, Stephen 1997. The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
225. Skowronek, Stephen 2008. Presidential Leadership in Political Time: Reprise and Reappraisal. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
226. Sommers, Paul M. 2002. “Is Presidential Greatness Related to Height?” College Mathematics Journal. 33: 14-16.
227. Squire, Peverill 1988. “Why the 1936 Literary Digest Poll Failed.” Public Opinion Quarterly. 52: 125-133.
228. Stimson, James A. 2004. Tides of Consent: How Public Opinion Shapes American Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
229. Tempelman, Jerry H. 2007. “A Commentary on ‘Does the Fed Contribute to a Political Business Cycle?’” Public Choice. 132: 433-436.
230. Thach, Jr., Charles C. 2007. Creation of the Presidency, 1775-1789: Study in Constitutional History. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
231. Tufte, Edward R. 1978. Political Control of the Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
232. U.S. Constitution. Various articles.
233. Valentino, Benjamin, Paul K. Huth, and Sarah E. Croco 2006. “Covenants Without the Sword: International Law and the Protection of Civilians in Times of War.” World Politics. 58: 339-377.
234. Vavreck, Lynn 2009. The Message Matters: The Economy and Presidential Campaigns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
235. Warber, Adam L. 2006. Executive Orders and the Modern Presidency: Legislative from the Oval Office. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
236. Waterman, Richard W. 1989. Presidential Influence and the Administrative State. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
237. Waterman, Richard W. 2009. “The Administrative Presidency, Unilateral Power, and the Unitary Executive Theory.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. 39: 5-9.
238. Weber, Max 1978 (1922). Economy and Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
239. Weingast, Barry R. and Mark J. Moran 1983. “Bureaucratic Discretion or Congressional Control? Regulatory Policymaking by the Federal Trade Commission.” Journal of Political Economy. 91: 765-800.
240. White, Leonard D. 1954. The Jacksonians: A Study in Administrative History 1829-1861. New York: Macmillan.
241. White, Leonard D. 1959. The Federalists: A Study in Administrative History. New York: Macmillan.
242. Whittington, Keith E. 2007. Political Foundations of Judicial Supremacy: The Presidency, the Supreme Court, and Constitutional Leadership in U.S. History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
243. Whittington, Keith E. and Dan Carpenter 2003. “Executive Power in American Institutional Development.” Perspectives on Politics. I: 495-513.
244. Wildavsky, Aaron 1966. “The Two Presidencies.” Trans-Action. 4: 7-14.
245. Wildavsky, Aaron B. 1979. Speaking Truth to Power: The Art and Craft of Policy Analysis. New York: Little Brown & Company.
246. Wilson, James Q. 1989. Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. New York: Basic Books.
247. Wilson, Woodrow 1887. “The Study of Administration.” Political Science Quarterly. 2: 197-222.
248. Windt, Jr., Theodore O. 1994. The 1960 Kennedy-Nixon Presidential Debates. In Rhetorical Studies of National Political Debates: 1960-1992. 2nd edition. Edited by Robert V. Friedenberg. Westport, CT: Praeger.
249. Wlezien, Christopher and Robert Erikson 2001. “Campaign Effects in Theory and Practice.” American Politics Research. 29: 419-436.
250. Wood, B. Dan and Richard W. Waterman 1991. “The Dynamics of Political Control of the Bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review. 85: 801-828.
251. Wood, B. Dan and Richard W. Waterman 1993. “The Dynamics of Political- Bureaucratic Adaptation.” American Journal of Political Science. 37: 497-528.
252. Wood, B. Dan 1988. “Bureaucrats, Principals, and Responsiveness in Clean Air Enforcements.” American Political Science Review. 82: 215-234.
253. Wood, Gordon 1998. The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
254. Woolley, John T. 1984. Monetary Politics: The Federal Reserve and the Politics of Monetary Policy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
255. Woolley, John T. 1991. “Institutions, the Election Cycle and the Presidential Veto.” American Journal of Political Science. 35: 279-304.
256. Yalof, David Alistair 2007. “Conservative Supreme Court Will be Bush Legacy.” UCONN, http://www.uconnmagazine.uconn.edu/fwin2007/feature4.html.
257. Yates, Jeff 2002. Popular Justice: Presidential Prestige and Executive Success at the Supreme Court. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
258. Zaller, John R. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
259. Zeidenstein, Harvey G. 1981. “The Two Presidencies Thesis Is Alive and Well and Has Been Living in the U.S. Senate Since 1973.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. 11: 511-512.