메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 511-526

Presidential IQ, openness, intellectual brilliance, and leadership: Estimates and correlations for 42 U.S. chief executives

Author keywords

Intellectual Brilliance; Intelligence; IQ; Openness to Experience; Presidential leadership

Indexed keywords


EID: 33745535918     PISSN: 0162895X     EISSN: 14679221     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2006.00524.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (125)

References (77)
  • 3
    • 0037405644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystallized intelligence as product of speed and drive for experience: The relationship of inspection time and openness to g and Gc
    • Bates, T. C., & Shieles, A. (2003). Crystallized intelligence as product of speed and drive for experience: The relationship of inspection time and openness to g and Gc. Intelligence, 31, 275-287.
    • (2003) Intelligence , vol.31 , pp. 275-287
    • Bates, T.C.1    Shieles, A.2
  • 4
    • 84916215206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved November 17, 2000
    • C-Span Survey of Presidential Leadership. (2000). Retrieved November 17, 2000, from http:// www.americanpresidents.org/survey/historians/overall.asp.
    • (2000) C-span Survey of Presidential Leadership
  • 5
    • 0040713443 scopus 로고
    • A statistical study of eminent men
    • Cattell, J. M. (1903). A statistical study of eminent men. Popular Science Monthly, 62, 359-377.
    • (1903) Popular Science Monthly , vol.62 , pp. 359-377
    • Cattell, J.M.1
  • 10
    • 0031476344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship among American presidential charismatic leadership, narcissism, and related performance
    • Deluga, R. J. (1997). Relationship among American presidential charismatic leadership, narcissism, and related performance. Leadership Quarterly, 8, 51-65.
    • (1997) Leadership Quarterly , vol.8 , pp. 51-65
    • Deluga, R.J.1
  • 11
    • 0000851868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American presidential proactivity, charismatic leadership, and rated performance
    • Deluga, R. J. (1998). American presidential proactivity, charismatic leadership, and rated performance. Leadership Quarterly, 9, 265-291.
    • (1998) Leadership Quarterly , vol.9 , pp. 265-291
    • Deluga, R.J.1
  • 12
    • 1242276304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Openness, intelligence, and self-report intelligence
    • Gignac, G. E., Stough, C., & Loukomitis, S. (2004). Openness, intelligence, and self-report intelligence. Intelligence, 32, 133-143.
    • (2004) Intelligence , vol.32 , pp. 133-143
    • Gignac, G.E.1    Stough, C.2    Loukomitis, S.3
  • 13
    • 0000497010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatments of missing data: A Monte Carlo comparison of RBHDI, iterative stochastic regression imputation, and expectation-maximization
    • Gold, M. S., & Bentler, P. M. (2000). Treatments of missing data: A Monte Carlo comparison of RBHDI, iterative stochastic regression imputation, and expectation-maximization. Structural Equation Modeling, 7(3), 319-355.
    • (2000) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-355
    • Gold, M.S.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 14
    • 0039862060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why g matters: The complexity of everyday life
    • Gottfredson, L. S. (1997). Why g matters: The complexity of everyday life. Intelligence, 24, 79-132.
    • (1997) Intelligence , vol.24 , pp. 79-132
    • Gottfredson, L.S.1
  • 16
    • 0742289197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measured intelligence, achievement, openness to experience, and creativity
    • Harris, J. A. (2004). Measured intelligence, achievement, openness to experience, and creativity. Personality & Individual Differences, 36, 913-929.
    • (2004) Personality & Individual Differences , vol.36 , pp. 913-929
    • Harris, J.A.1
  • 17
    • 0003377349 scopus 로고
    • Assessing historical figures: The use of observer-based personality descriptions
    • Historical Figures Assessment Collaborative. (1977). Assessing historical figures: The use of observer-based personality descriptions. Historical Methods Newsletter, 10, 66-76.
    • (1977) Historical Methods Newsletter , vol.10 , pp. 66-76
  • 18
    • 84858922354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bush gets bad rap on intelligence
    • January 14
    • Immelman, A. (2001). Bush gets bad rap on intelligence. St. Cloud Times, January 14, p. 11B. (Available online at http://www.csbsju.edu/uspp/Election/ bush011401.htm)
    • (2001) St. Cloud Times
    • Immelman, A.1
  • 20
    • 2942631052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligence and leadership: A quantitative review and test of theoretical propositions
    • Judge, T. A., Colbert, A. E., & Ilies, R. (2004). Intelligence and leadership: A quantitative review and test of theoretical propositions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 542-552.
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 542-552
    • Judge, T.A.1    Colbert, A.E.2    Ilies, R.3
  • 22
    • 84928841106 scopus 로고
    • The contextual determinants of presidential greatness
    • Kenney, P. J., & Rice, T. W. (1988). The contextual determinants of presidential greatness. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 18, 161-169.
    • (1988) Presidential Studies Quarterly , vol.18 , pp. 161-169
    • Kenney, P.J.1    Rice, T.W.2
  • 23
    • 85055760053 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of presidential greatness and "President rating."
    • Kynerd, T. (1971). An analysis of presidential greatness and "President rating." Southern Quarterly, 9, 309-329.
    • (1971) Southern Quarterly , vol.9 , pp. 309-329
    • Kynerd, T.1
  • 25
    • 0000822967 scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of presidents: An extension of the Schlesinger polls
    • Maranell, G. M. (1970). The evaluation of presidents: An extension of the Schlesinger polls. Journal of American History, 57, 104-113.
    • (1970) Journal of American History , vol.57 , pp. 104-113
    • Maranell, G.M.1
  • 26
    • 0007085046 scopus 로고
    • Alternative formulas to predict the greatness of U.S. presidents: Persono-logical, situational, and Zeitgeist factors
    • McCann, S. J. H. (1992). Alternative formulas to predict the greatness of U.S. presidents: Persono-logical, situational, and Zeitgeist factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 469-479.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 469-479
    • McCann, S.J.H.1
  • 27
    • 0000056540 scopus 로고
    • The presidential performance study: A progress report
    • Murray, R. K., & Blessing, T. H. (1983). The presidential performance study: A progress report. Journal of American History, 70, 535-555.
    • (1983) Journal of American History , vol.70 , pp. 535-555
    • Murray, R.K.1    Blessing, T.H.2
  • 28
    • 84970126282 scopus 로고
    • The influence of war and patty system aging on the ranking of presidents
    • Nice, D. C. (1984). The influence of war and patty system aging on the ranking of presidents. Western Political Quarterly, 37, 443-455.
    • (1984) Western Political Quarterly , vol.37 , pp. 443-455
    • Nice, D.C.1
  • 30
    • 84952003773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive ability in selection decisions
    • O. Wilhelm & R. W. Engle (Eds.), Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications
    • Ones, D. S., Viswesvaran, C., & Dilchert, S. (2005). Cognitive ability in selection decisions. In O. Wilhelm & R. W. Engle (Eds.), Handbook of understanding and measuring intelligence (pp. 431-468). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
    • (2005) Handbook of Understanding and Measuring Intelligence , pp. 431-468
    • Ones, D.S.1    Viswesvaran, C.2    Dilchert, S.3
  • 34
    • 0039964963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the U.S. presidents using the revised NEO Personality Inventory
    • Rubenzer, S. J., Faschingbauer, T. R., & Ones, D. S. (2000). Assessing the U.S. presidents using the revised NEO Personality Inventory. Assessment, 7, 403-420.
    • (2000) Assessment , vol.7 , pp. 403-420
    • Rubenzer, S.J.1    Faschingbauer, T.R.2    Ones, D.S.3
  • 35
    • 84858923525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved August 25, 2004
    • Sailer, S. (2004). Analysis: How smart is Bush? Retrieved August 25, 2004, from http://www.upi.com/ view.cfm?StoryID=20040114-074349-3947r
    • (2004) Analysis: How Smart Is Bush?
    • Sailer, S.1
  • 36
    • 0007072480 scopus 로고
    • Historians rate the U.S. presidents
    • November 1
    • Schlesinger, A. M. (1948). Historians rate the U.S. presidents. Life, 25 (18), November 1 pp. 65-66, 68, 73-74.
    • (1948) Life , vol.25 , Issue.18 , pp. 65-66
    • Schlesinger, A.M.1
  • 37
    • 0007130966 scopus 로고
    • Our presidents: A rating by 75 historians
    • Schlesinger, A. M. (1962). Our presidents: A rating by 75 historians. New York Times Magazine, July 29 pp. 12-13, 40-41, 43.
    • (1962) New York Times Magazine , vol.JULY 29 , pp. 12-13
    • Schlesinger, A.M.1
  • 38
    • 85047685014 scopus 로고
    • Biographical determinants of achieved eminence: A multivariate approach to the Cox data
    • Simonton, D. K. (1976). Biographical determinants of achieved eminence: A multivariate approach to the Cox data. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 218-226.
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 218-226
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 39
    • 84985225832 scopus 로고
    • Presidential greatness and performance: Can we predict leadership in the White House?
    • Simonton, D. K. (1981). Presidential greatness and performance: Can we predict leadership in the White House? Journal of Personality, 49, 306-323.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality , vol.49 , pp. 306-323
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 40
    • 0020713956 scopus 로고
    • Intel-generational transfer of individual differences in hereditary monarchs: Genes, role-modeling, cohort, or socioculturel effects?
    • Simonton, D. K. (1983). Intel-generational transfer of individual differences in hereditary monarchs: Genes, role-modeling, cohort, or socioculturel effects? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 354-364.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 354-364
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 41
    • 84985234408 scopus 로고
    • Leaders as eponyms: Individual and situational determinants of monarchal eminence
    • Simonton, D. K. (1984). Leaders as eponyms: Individual and situational determinants of monarchal eminence. Journal of Personality, 52, 1-21.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality , vol.52 , pp. 1-21
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 42
    • 0002401807 scopus 로고
    • Intelligence and personal influence in groups: Four nonlinear models
    • Simonton, D. K. (1985). Intelligence and personal influence in groups: Four nonlinear models. Psychological Review, 92, 532-547.
    • (1985) Psychological Review , vol.92 , pp. 532-547
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 43
    • 38249040465 scopus 로고
    • Dispositional attributions of (presidential) leadership: An experimental simulation of historiometric results
    • Simonton, D. K. (1986a). Dispositional attributions of (presidential) leadership: An experimental simulation of historiometric results. Journal of Experimental Social- Psychology, 22, 389-418.
    • (1986) Journal of Experimental Social- Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 389-418
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 44
    • 84928445871 scopus 로고
    • Presidential greatness: The historical consensus and its psychological significance
    • Simonton, D. K. (1986b). Presidential greatness: The historical consensus and its psychological significance. Political Psychology, 7, 259-283.
    • (1986) Political Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 259-283
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 45
    • 0000313763 scopus 로고
    • Presidential personality: Biographical use of the Gough Adjective Check List
    • Simonton, D. K. (1986c). Presidential personality: Biographical use of the Gough Adjective Check List. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 149-160.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 149-160
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 47
    • 0001114767 scopus 로고
    • Presidential style: Personality, biography, and performance
    • Simonton, D. K. (1988). Presidential style: Personality, biography, and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 928-936.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 928-936
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 48
    • 0009420836 scopus 로고
    • Personality and politics
    • L. A. Pervin (Ed.), New York: Guilford
    • Simonton, D. K. (1990). Personality and politics. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality theory and research (pp. 670-692). New York: Guilford.
    • (1990) Handbook of Personality Theory and Research , pp. 670-692
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 49
    • 0007088115 scopus 로고
    • Latent-variable models of posthumous reputation: A quest for Gallon's G
    • Simonton, D. K. (1991a). Latent-variable models of posthumous reputation: A quest for Gallon's G. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 607-619.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 607-619
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 50
    • 84928438727 scopus 로고
    • Predicting presidential greatness: An alternative to the Kenney and Rice Contextual Index
    • Simonton, D. K. (1991b). Predicting presidential greatness: An alternative to the Kenney and Rice Contextual Index. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 21, 301-305.
    • (1991) Presidential Studies Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 301-305
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 51
    • 0039551597 scopus 로고
    • Presidential greatness and personality: A response to McCann (1992)
    • Simonton, D. K. (1992). Presidential greatness and personality: A response to McCann (1992). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 676-679.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 676-679
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 52
    • 21144478857 scopus 로고
    • Putting the best leaders in the White House: Personality, policy, and performance
    • Simonton, D. K. (1993). Putting the best leaders in the White House: Personality, policy, and performance. Political Psychology, 14, 537-548.
    • (1993) Political Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 537-548
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 53
    • 0040077532 scopus 로고
    • Personality and intellectual predictors of leadership
    • D. H. Saklofske & M. Zeidner (Eds.), New York: Plenum
    • Simonton, D. K. (1995). Personality and intellectual predictors of leadership. In D. H. Saklofske & M. Zeidner (Eds.), International handbook of personality and intelligence (pp. 739-757). New York: Plenum.
    • (1995) International Handbook of Personality and Intelligence , pp. 739-757
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 54
    • 0030353280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidents' wives and First Ladies: On achieving eminence within a traditional gender role
    • Simonton, D. K. (1996). Presidents' wives and First Ladies: On achieving eminence within a traditional gender role. Sex Roles, 35, 309-336.
    • (1996) Sex Roles , vol.35 , pp. 309-336
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 56
    • 33745531804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kings, queens, and sultans: Empirical studies of political leadership in European hereditary monarchies
    • O. Feldman & L. O. Valenty (Eds.), Westport: Praeger
    • Simonton, D. K. (2001a). Kings, queens, and sultans: Empirical studies of political leadership in European hereditary monarchies. In O. Feldman & L. O. Valenty (Eds.), Profiling political leaders: Cross-cultural studies of personality and behavior (pp. 97-110). Westport: Praeger.
    • (2001) Profiling Political Leaders: Cross-cultural Studies of Personality and Behavior , pp. 97-110
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 57
    • 0035379150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting presidential greatness: Equation replication on recent survey results
    • Simonton, D. K. (2001b). Predicting presidential greatness: Equation replication on recent survey results. Journal of Social Psychology, 141, 293-307.
    • (2001) Journal of Social Psychology , vol.141 , pp. 293-307
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 58
    • 13844277882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligence and presidential greatness: Equation replication using updated IQ estimates
    • Simonton, D. K. (2002). Intelligence and presidential greatness: Equation replication using updated IQ estimates. Advances in Psychology Research, 13, 143-153.
    • (2002) Advances in Psychology Research , vol.13 , pp. 143-153
    • Simonton, D.K.1
  • 60
    • 0036757168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early communications in the war against terrorism: An integrative complexity analysis
    • Suedfeld, P., & Leighton, D. C. (2002). Early communications in the war against terrorism: An integrative complexity analysis. Political Psychology, 23, 585-599.
    • (2002) Political Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 585-599
    • Suedfeld, P.1    Leighton, D.C.2
  • 61
    • 85007557720 scopus 로고
    • The role of integrative complexity in military leadership: Robert E. Lee and his opponents
    • Suedfeld, P., Corteen, R. S., & McCormick, C. (1986). The role of integrative complexity in military leadership: Robert E. Lee and his opponents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 498-507.
    • (1986) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 498-507
    • Suedfeld, P.1    Corteen, R.S.2    McCormick, C.3
  • 65
    • 33645138206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richmond, CA: SYSTAT Software, Inc.
    • SYSTAT 11. (2004). Richmond, CA: SYSTAT Software, Inc.
    • (2004) SYSTAT 11
  • 66
    • 0037818242 scopus 로고
    • The intelligence quotient of Francis Galton in childhood
    • Terman, L. M. (1917). The intelligence quotient of Francis Galton in childhood. American Journal of Psychology, 28, 209-215.
    • (1917) American Journal of Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 209-215
    • Terman, L.M.1
  • 67
    • 0003800310 scopus 로고
    • (5 vols.). Stanford: Stanford University Press
    • Terman, L. M. (1925-59). Genetic studies of genius (5 vols.). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    • (1925) Genetic Studies of Genius
    • Terman, L.M.1
  • 68
    • 85047682611 scopus 로고
    • Pre- To postelection shifts in presidential rhetoric: Impression management or cognitive adjustment
    • Tetlock, P. E. (1981). Pre- to postelection shifts in presidential rhetoric: Impression management or cognitive adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 207-212.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 207-212
    • Tetlock, P.E.1
  • 70
    • 84928850660 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and rhetorical styles of traditionalist and reformist Soviet politicians: A content analysis study
    • Tetlock, P. E., & Boettger, R. (1989). Cognitive and rhetorical styles of traditionalist and reformist Soviet politicians: A content analysis study. Political Psychology, 10, 209-232.
    • (1989) Political Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 209-232
    • Tetlock, P.E.1    Boettger, R.2
  • 71
    • 21344484817 scopus 로고
    • The slavery debate in antebellum America: Cognitive style, value conflict, and the limits of compromise
    • Tetlock, P. E., Armor, D., & Peterson, R. S. (1994). The slavery debate in antebellum America: Cognitive style, value conflict, and the limits of compromise. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 115-126.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 115-126
    • Tetlock, P.E.1    Armor, D.2    Peterson, R.S.3
  • 72
    • 0000285725 scopus 로고
    • Supreme Court decision making: Cognitive style as a predictor of ideological consistency of voting
    • Tetlock, P. E., Bernzweig, J., & Gallant, J. L. (1985). Supreme Court decision making: Cognitive style as a predictor of ideological consistency of voting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1227-1239.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 1227-1239
    • Tetlock, P.E.1    Bernzweig, J.2    Gallant, J.L.3
  • 73
    • 0001121495 scopus 로고
    • Stability and change in the complexity of senatorial debate: Testing the cognitive versus rhetorical style hypothesis
    • Tetlock, P. E., Hannum, K. A., & Micheletti, P. M. (1984). Stability and change in the complexity of senatorial debate: Testing the cognitive versus rhetorical style hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 979-990.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 979-990
    • Tetlock, P.E.1    Hannum, K.A.2    Micheletti, P.M.3
  • 74
    • 0039436898 scopus 로고
    • Traits of personality and their intercorrelations as shown in biographies
    • Thorndike, E. L. (1950). Traits of personality and their intercorrelations as shown in biographies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 41, 193-216.
    • (1950) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 193-216
    • Thorndike, E.L.1
  • 77
    • 0000301849 scopus 로고
    • Leader appeal, leader performance, and the motive profiles of leaders and followers: A study of American presidents and elections
    • Winter, D. G. (1987). Leader appeal, leader performance, and the motive profiles of leaders and followers: A study of American presidents and elections. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 196-202.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 196-202
    • Winter, D.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.