Metabolic engineering of plant cellular metabolism: Methodologies, advances, and future directions

Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants: Micropropagation and Improvement

Volumn 9783642299742, Issue , 2013, Pages 359-393

  Zárate, Rafael ^a   El Jaber Vazdekis, Nabil ^a   Verpoorte, Robert ^b  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO NUESTRA SEÑORA DE CANDELARIA   (Spain)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METABOLISM; METABOLITES; PLANTS (BOTANY); TRANSCRIPTION;

AGROBACTERIUM MEDIATED TRANSFORMATIONS; CELLULAR METABOLISM; HUMAN DISEASE; MANIPULATION TECHNIQUES; NATURAL PRODUCTS; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; PROTOPLAST FUSION; TRANSGENE; VACUUM INFILTRATION; VIRAL VECTORS;

METABOLIC ENGINEERING;

EID: 84922235239     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29974-2_16     Document Type: Chapter

References (154)

1. Abbadi A, Domergue F, Bauer J, Napier JA, Welti R, Zähringer U, Cirpus P, Heinz E (2004) Biosynthesis of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic oilseeds: constrains on their accumulation. Plant Cell 16:2734-2748
2. Acereto-Escoffié POM, Chi-Manzanero BH, Echeverría-Echeverría S, Grijalva R, James Kay A, González-Estrada T, Castaño E, Rodríguez-Zapata LC (2005) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Musa acuminata cv. "Grand Nain" scalps by vacuum infiltration. Sci Horticult 105:359-371
3. Aida R, Kishimoto S, Tanaka Y, Shibata M (2000a) Modification of flower color in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind) by genetic transformation. Plant Sci 153:33-42
4. Aida R, Yoshida K, Kondo T, Kishimoto S, Shibata M (2000b) Copigmentation gives bluer flowers on transgenic torenia plants with the antisense dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene. Plant Sci 160:49-56
5. Allen RS, Millgate AG, Chitty JA, Thisleton J, Miller JAC, Fist AJ, Gerlach WL, Larkin PJ (2004) RNAi-mediated replacement of morphine with the nonnarcotic alkaloid reticuline in opium poppy. Nat Biotechnol 22:1559-1566
6. Barampura S, Zhang AJ (2011) Recent advances in plant transformation. Methods Mol Biol 701:1-35
7. Baulcombe D (2004) RNA silencing in plants. Nature 431:356-363
8. Baulcombe DC (1999) Viruses and gene silencing in plants. Arch Virol Suppl 15:189-201
9. Beaudoin F, Michaelson LV, Hey SJ, Lewis MJ, Shewry PR, Sayanova O, Napier JA (2000) Heterologous reconstitution in yeast of the polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:6421-6426
10. Bechtold N, Pelletier G (1998) In planta Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of adult Arabidopsis thaliana plants by vacuum infiltration. Meth Mol Biol 82:259-266
11. Borevitz JO, Xia Y, Blount J, Dixon RA, Lamb C (2000) Activation tagging identifies a conserved MYB regulator of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Plant Cell 12:2383-2394
12. Bovy A, De Vos R, Kemper M, Schijlen E, Almenar-Pertejo M, Muir S, Colllins G, Robinson S, Verhoeyen M, Hughes S, Santos-Buelga C, Van Tunen A (2002) High-flavonol tomatoes resulting from the heterologous expression of the maize transcription factor genes LC and R1. Plant Cell 14:2509-2526
13. Broun P (2004) Transcription factors as a tool for metabolic engineering in plants. Curr Op Plant Biol 7:202-209
14. Browning LM (2003) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and obesity-related disease. Proc Nutr Soc 62:447-453
15. Bundock P, den Dulk-Ras A, Beijersbergen A, Hooykaas PJJ (1995) Trans-kingdom T-DNA transfer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.EMBOJ 14:3206-3214
16. Cahoon EB, Kinney AJ (2005) The production of vegetable oils with novel properties: using genomic tools to probe and manipulate plant fatty acid metabolism Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 107:239-243
17. Campbell R, Ducreux LJ, Morris WL, Morris JA, Suttle JC, Ramsay G, Bryan GJ, Hedley PE, Taylor MA (2010) The metabolic and developmental roles of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 from potato. Plant Phisiol 154(2):656-664
18. Cequier-Sánchez E, Rodríguez C, Dorta-Guerra R, Ravelo AG, Zárate R (2011) Echium acanthocarpum hairy root cultures, a suitable system for polyunsaturated fatty acid studies and production. BMC Biotechnol 11:42
19. Chilton MD, Drummond MH, Merlo DJ, Sciaky D, Montoya AL, Gordon MP, Nester EW (1977) Stable incorporation of plasmid DNA into higher plant cells: the molecular basis of crown gall tumorogenesis. Cell 11:263-271
20. Chintapakorn Y, Hamill JD (2003) Antisense-mediated down-regulation of putrescine N-methyltransferase activity in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. can lead to elevated levels of anatabine at the expense of nicotine. Plant Mol Biol 53:87-105
21. Choi YH, Van Spronsen J, Dai Y, Verberne M, Hollmann F, Arends IWCE, Witkamp GJ, Verpoorte R (2011) Are natural deep eutectic solvents the missing link in understanding cellular metabolism and physiology?. Plant Physiol 156:1701-1705
22. Christi Y (2003) Ultrasound the power of a silent gong. Biotechnol Adv 21:1
23. Chung M-H, Chen M-K, Pan S-M (2000) Floral spray transformation can efficiently generate Arabidopsis transgenic plants. Transgen Res 9:471-476
24. Clough SJ, Bent AF (1998) Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 16:735-743
25. Cordero-Mesa M, Jiménez-Bermúdez S, Pliego-Alfaro F, Quesada MA, Mercado JA (2000) Agrobacterium cells as microprojectile coating: a novel approach to enhance stable transformation rates in strawberry. Aust J Plant Physiol 27:1093-1100
26. Curtis IS (2005) Production of transgenic crops by the floral-dip method. Meth Mol Biol 286 (Transgenic Plants): 103-109
27. Curtis IS, Nam HG (2001) Transgenic radish (Raphanus sativus L. longipinnatus Bailey) by floral-dip method - plant development and surfactant are important in optimizing transformation efficiency. Transgen Res 10:363-371
28. Davey MR, Anthony P, Power BJ, Lowe KC (2005) Plant protoplasts: status and biotechnological perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 23:131-171
29. Davies KM, Schwinn KE (2003) Transcriptional regulation of secondary metabolism. Funct Plant Biol 30:913-925
30. De Majnik J, Weinman JJ, Djordjevic MA, Rolfe BG, Tanner GJ, Joseph RG, Larkin PJ (2000) Anthocyanin regulatory gene expression in transgenic white clover can result in an altered pattern of pigmentation. Aust J Plant Physiol 27:659-667
31. DellaPenna D (2001) Plant metabolic engineering. Plant Physiol 125:160-163
32. Desfeux C, Clough SJ, Bent AF (2000) Female reproductive tissues are the primary target of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by the Arabidopsis floral-dip method. Plant Physiol 123:895-904
33. Dessaux Y, Petit A, Tempé J (1993) Chemistry and biochemistry of opines, chemical mediators of parasitism. Phytochemistry 34:31-38
34. Dixon RA, Steele CL (2002) Flavonoids and isoflavonoids-A gold mine for metabolic engineering. Trends Plant Sci 4:394-400
35. Dixon RA, Strack D (2003) Phytochemistry meets genome analysis, and beyond. Phytochemistry 62:815-816
36. Dooner HK, Robbins TP, Jorgensen RA (1991) Genetic and developmental control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Annu Rev Genet 25:173-199
37. Ducreux LJM, Morris WL, Hedley PE, Shepherd T, Davies HV, Millam S, Taylor MS (2005) Metabolic engineering of high carotenoid potato tubers containing enhanced levels of b-carotene and lutein. J Exp Bot 56:81-89
38. Enfissi EMA, Fraser PD, Lois LM, Boronat A, Schuch W, Bramley PM (2005) Metabolic engineering of the mevalonate and non-mevalonate isopentenyl diphosphate-forming pathways for the production of health-promoting isoprenoids in tomato. Plant Biotechnol J 3:17-27
39. Fukusaki E, Kawasaki K, Kajiyama S, An C-I, Suzuki K, Tanaka Y, Kobayashi A (2004) Flower color modulations of Torenia hybrida by downregulation of chalcone synthase genes with RNA interference. J Biotechnol 111:229-240
40. Goodrich J, Carpenter R, Coen ES (1992) A common gene regulates pigmentation pattern in diverse plant species. Cell 68:955-964
41. Gronenborn B, Gardner RC, Schaefer S, Shepherd RJ (1981) Propagation of foreign DNA in plants using cauliflower mosaic virus as vector. Nature 294:773-776
42. Grotewold E (2008) Transcription factors for predictive plant metabolic engineering: are we there yet?. Curr Opin Biotechnol 10(2):138-144
43. Hadi MZ, McMullen MD, Finner JJ (1996) Transformation of 12 different plasmids into soybean via particle bombardment Plant Cell Rep 15:500-505
44. Hain R, Bieseler B, Kindl H, Schroeder G, Stocker R (1990) Expression of a stilbene synthase gene in Nicotiana tabacum results in synthesis of the phytoalexin resveratrol. Plant Mol Biol 15:325-335
45. Hallard DAC, Van Der Heijden R, Verpoorte R, Lopez-Cardoso I, Pasquali G, Memelink J, Hoge JHC (1997) Suspension cultured transgenic cells of Nicotiana tabacum expressing tryptophan decarboxylase and strictosidine synthase cDNAs from Catharanthus roseus produce strictosidine upon feeding of secologanin. Plant Cell Rep 17:50-54
46. Hallard DAC, Palacios N, Van Der Heijden R, Memelink J, Verpoorte R (2000) Production of ajmalicine in transgenic Weigela styriaca tissue cultures expressing tdc and str cDNAs from Catharanthus roseus. Chapter 6. Transgenic plant cells for the production of indole alkaloids, Hallard DAC, PhD thesis, Leiden, University, pp 69-85
47. Hansen G, Wright MS (1999) Recent advances in the transformation of plants. Trends Plant Sci 4:226-231
48. Hiratsu K, Matsui K, Koyama T, Ohme-Takagi M (2003) Dominant repression of target genes by chimeric repressors that include the EAR motif, a repression domain, in Arabidopsis. Plant J 34:733-739
49. Hooykaas PPJ (2000) Agrobacterium, a natural metabolic engineer of plants. In: Verpoorte R, Alfermann AW (eds) Metabolic Engineering of Plant Secondary Metabolism. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
50. Horrobin DF (1999) Lipid metabolism, human evolution and schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 60:431-437
51. Hussain SS, Kayani MA, Amjad M (2011) Transcription factors as tools to engineer enhanced drought stress tolerance in plants. Biotechnology Prog 27(2):297-306
52. Ingelbrecht I, Breyne P, Vancompernetlle K, Jacobs A, Van Montagu M, Depicker A (1991) Transcriptional interference in transgenic plants. Gene 109:239-242
53. Ishida Y, Saito H, Ohta S, Hiei Y, Komari T, Kumashiro T (1996) High frequency transformation of maize (Zea mays) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nat Biotechnol 14:745-750
54. Iwase A, Matsui K, Ohme-Takagi M (2009) Manipulation of plant metabolic pathways by transcription factors. Plant Biotechnol 26:29-38
55. Jacobs DI, Gaspari M, Van Der Greef J, Van Der Heijden R, Verpoorte R (2005) Proteome analysis of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus. Planta 221:690-704
56. Jadhav A, Katavic V, Marillia EF, Giblin EM, Barton DL, Kumar A, Sonntag C, Babic V, Keller WA, Taylor DC (2005) Increased levels of erucic acid in Brassica carinata by co-suppression and antisense repression of the endogenous FAD2 gene. Metab Eng 7:215-220
57. Jaworski J, Cahoon EB (2003) Industrial oils from transgenic plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 6: 178-184
58. Joersbo M, Brunstedt J (1990) Direct gene transfer to plant protoplasts by mild sonication. Plant Cell Rep 9:207-210
59. Kell DB (2004) Metabolomics and systems biology: making sense of the soup. Curr Opin Microbiol 7:296-307
60. Klein TM, Wolf ED, Wu R, Sanford JC (1987) High-velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells. Nature 327:70-73
61. Kristensen C, Morant M, Olsen CE, Ekstrom CT, Galbraith DW, Moller BL, Bak S (2005) Metabolic engineering of dhurrin in transgenic Arabidopsis plants with marginal inadvertent effects on the metabolome and transcriptome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:1779-1784
62. Kunik T, Tzfira T, Kapulnik Y, Gafni Y, Dingwall C, Citovsky V (2001) Genetic transformation of HeLa cells by Agrobacterium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:1871-1876
63. Labra M, Vannini C, Grassi F, Bracale M, Balsemin M, Basso B, Sala F (2004) Genomic stability in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants obtained by floral dip. Theor Appl Genet 109:1512-1518
64. Leech MJ, Burtin D, Hallard D, Hillou F, Kemp B, Palacios N, Rocha P, O'Callaghan D, Verpoorte R, Christou P (2000) Particle gun methodology as a tool in metabolic engineering. In: Verpoorte R, Alfermann AW (eds) Metabolic Engineering of Plant Secondary Metabolism. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
65. Lessard PA, Kulaveerasingam H, York GM, Strong A, Sinskey AJ (2002) Manipulating gene expression for the metabolic engineering of plants. Metab Eng 4:67-79
66. Lewinsohn E, Schalechet F, Wilkinson J, Matsui K, Tadmor Y, Nam K-H, Amar O, Lastochkin E, Larkov O, Ravid U, Hiatt W, Gepstein S, Pichersky E (2001) Enhanced levels of the aroma and flavor compound S-linalool by metabolic engineering of the terpenoid pathway in tomato fruits. Plant Physiol 127:1256-1265
67. Li J-F, Park E, von Arnim AG, Nebenführ A (2009) The FAST technique: a simplified Agrobacterium-based transformation method for transient gene expression analysis in seedlings of Arabidopsis and other plant species. Plant Methods 5(6):1-15
68. Liu Q, Singh S, Green A (2002) High-oleic and high-stearic cottonseed oils: nutritionally improved cooking oils developed using gene silencing. J Am Coll Nutr 21:205S-211S
69. Liu Y, Yang H, Sakanishi A (2005) Ultrasound: mechanical gene transfer into plant cells by sonoporation. Biotechnol Adv 24(1):1-16
70. Lorence A, Verpoorte R (2004) Gene transfer and expression in plants. In: Balbás P, Lorence A (eds) Methods in Molecular Biology, Recombinant Gene Expression. Reviews and Protocols. Humana Press Inc, Totowa
71. McGinnisKM(2010) RNAi for functional genomics in plants. Brief Funct Genomics 9(2):111-117
72. Melchers LS, Regensburg-Tuink AJG, Schilperoort RA, Hooykaas PJJ (1989) Specificity of signal molecules on the activation of Agrobacterium virulence gene expression. Mol Microbiol 3:969-977
73. Memelink J, Kijne JW, Van Der Heijden R, Verpoorte R (2001a) Genetic modification of plant secondary metabolite pathways using transcriptional regulators. Adv Biochem Engineering/Biotechnol 72:103-125
74. Memelink J, Verpoorte R, Kijne JW (2001b) ORCAnisation of jasmonate-responsive gene expression in alkaloid metabolism. Trends Plant Sci 6:212-219
75. Michielse CB, Hooykaas PJ, Van Der Hondel CA, Ram AF (2005) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation as a tool for functional genomics in fungi. Curr Genetics 48:1-17
76. Mohanpuria P, Kumar V, Ahuja PS, Yadav SK (2010) Agrobacterium-Mediated Silencing of Caffeine Synthesis through Root Transformation in Camellia sinensis L. Mol Biotechnol doi:10.1007/s12033-010-9364-4
77. Moisyadi S, Neupane KR, Stiles JI (1998) Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding xanthosine-N7-methyltransferase from coffee (Coffea arabica). Acta Horticult 461:367-377
78. Montiel G, Breton C, Doireau P, Jay-Allemand C, Gantet P (2003) Transcription factors that regulate secondary metabolism biosynthesis pathways: key actors for plant eco-physiology and ontogeny. Rec Res Devel Plant Cell Physiol 1:83-98
79. Muir SR, Collins GJ, Robinson S, Hughes S, Bovy A, De Vos CHR, Van Tunen AJ, Verhoeyen ME (2001) Overexpression of petunia chalcone isomerase in tomato results in fruits containing increased levels of flavonols. Nat Biotechnol 19:470-474
80. Napier JA, Sayanova O, Qi B, Lazarus CM (2004) Progress toward the production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic plants. Lipids 39:1067-1075
81. Naqvi S, Farré G, Sanahuja G, Capell T, Zhu C, Christou P (2010) When more is better: multigene engineering in plants. Trends Plant Sci 15(1):48-56
82. Nesi N, Debeaujon I, Jond C, Pelletier G, Caboche M, Lepiniec L (2000) The TT8 gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix domain protein required for expression of DFR and BAN genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 12:1863-1878
83. Nesi N, Jond C, Debeaujon I, Caboche M, Lepiniec L (2001) The Arabidopsis TT2 gene encodes an R2R3 MYB domain protein that acts as a key determinant for proanthocyanidin accumulation in developing seed. Plant Cell 13:2099-2114
84. O'Brien J, Lummis SCR (2004) Biolistic and diolistic transfection: using the gene gun to deliver DNA and lipophilic dyes into mammalian cells. Methods 33:121-125
85. Ogita S, Uefuji H, Morimoto M, Sano H (2004) Application of RNAi to confirm theobromine as the major intermediate for caffeine biosynthesis in coffee plants with potential for construction of decaffeinated varieties. Plant Mol Biol 54:931-941
86. Ogita S, Uefuji H, Yamaguchi Y, Koizumi N, Sano H (2003) RNA interference: producing decaffeinated coffee plants. Nature 423:823
87. Oksman-Caldentey K-M, Barz WH (2002) Plant Biotechnology and Transgenic Plants. In: Oksman-Caldentey K-M, Barz WH (ed) C.H.I.P.S. Texas, USA
88. Oksman-Caldentey K-M, Inzé D, Oresic M (2004) Connecting genes to metabolites by a systems biology approach. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:9949-9950
89. Oliver DJ, Nikolau B, Syrkin-Wurtele E (2002) Functional genomics: high throughput mRNA, protein and metabolite analyses. Metab Eng 4:98-106
90. Olmedo-Monfil V, Cortes-Penagos C, Herrera-Estrella A (2004) Three decades of fungal transformation: key concepts and applications. Meth Mol Biol 267:297-313
91. Page JE (2005) Silencing nature0s narcotics: metabolic engineering of the opium poppy. Trends Biotechnol 23:331-333
92. Pomahacová B, Dusek J, Dusková J, Yazaki K, Roytrakul S, Verpoorte R (2009) Improved accumulation of ajmalicine and tetrahydroalstonine in Catharanthus cells expressing an ABC transporter. J Plant Physiol 166:1405-1412
93. Porta C, Lomonossoff GP (2002) Viruses as vectors for the expression of foreign sequences in plants. Biotechnol Gen Eng Rev 19:245-291
94. Potrykus I (1991) Gene transfer to plants: assessment of published approaches and results. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 42:205-225
95. Qi B, Fraser T, Mugford S, Dobson G, Sayanova O, Butler J, Napier JA, Stobart AK, Lazarus CM (2004) The production of very long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in transgenic plants. Nat Biotechnol 22:739-745
96. Quattrocchio F, Wing J, Van Der Woude K, Mol JN, Koes R (1998) Analysis of bHLH and MYB domain proteins: species-specific regulatory differences are caused by divergent evolution of target anthocyanin genes. Plant J 13:475-488
97. Quattrocchio F, Wing J, Van Der Woude K, Souer E, De Vetten N, Mol JN, Koes R (1999) Molecular analysis of the anthocyanin2 gene of petunia and its role in the evolution of flower color. Plant Cell 11:1433-1444
98. Rodríguez-Talou J, Verbene MC, Budi Muljono RA, Van Tegelen LJP, Gonsalvez-Bernal B, Linthorst HJM, Wullems GJ, Bol JF, Verpoorte R (2001) Isochorismate synthase transgenic expression in Catharanthus roseus cell suspensions. Plant Physiol Biochem 39:595-602
99. Roytrakul S, Verpoorte R (2007) Role of vacuolar transporter proteins in plant secondary metabolism: Catharanthus roseus cell culture. Phytochemistry Rev 6:383-396
100. Ryu C-M, Anand A, Kang L, Mysore KS (2004) Agrodrench: a novel and effective agroinoculation method for virus-induced gene silencing in roots and diverse Solanaceous species. Plant J 40:322-331
101. Sanford JC (1988) The biolistic process. Trends Biotechnol 6:299-302
102. Sanford JC, Klein TM, Wolf ED, Allen N (1987) Delivery of substances into cells and tissue using a particle bombardment process. Trends Biotechnol 6:299-302
103. Sauret-Güeto S, Botella-Pavia P, Rodríguez-Concepción M (2003) Molecular tools for the metabolic engineering of carotenoids biosynthesis in plants. Recent Res Devel Plant Mol Biol 1:339-363
104. Sayanova OV, Napier JA (2004) Eicosapentaenoic acid: biosynthetic routes and the potential for synthesis in transgenic plants. Phytochemistry 65:147-158
105. Sayanova OV, Smith MA, Lapinskas P, Stobart AK, Dobson G, Christie WW, Shewry PR, Napier JA (1997) Expression of a borage cDNA containing an N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain results in the accumulation of high levels of D6-desaturated fatty acids in transgenic tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:4211-4216
106. Senthil-Kumar M, Mysore KS (2011) Virus-induced gene silencing can persist for more than 2 years and also be transmitted to progeny seedlings in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. Plant Biotechnol J 9:797-806
107. Sharp PA (2001) RNA interference. Genes Dev 15:485-490
108. Shikata M, Ohme-Takagi M (2008) The utility of transcription factors for manipulation of floral traits. Plant Biotechnol 25:31-36
109. Shitan N, Bazin I, Dan K, Obata K, Kigawa K, Ueda K, Sato F, Forestier C, Yazaki K (2003) Involvement of CjMDR1, a plant multidrug-resistance-type ATP-binding cassette protein, in alkaloid transport in Coptis japonica. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:751-756
110. Shrawat AK, Good AG (2011) Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of cereals using immature embryos. Methods Mol Biol 710:355-372
111. Simonopoulus AP (1991) Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. Am J Clin Nutr 54:438-463
112. Simonsen S, van't Veer P, Strain JJ (1998) Adipose tissue omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content and breast cancer in the EURAMIC study. Am J Epidemiol 147:342-352
113. Sinha A, Wetten AC, Caligari PDS (2003) Effect of biotic factors on the isolation of Lupinus albus protoplasts. Aust J Bot 51:103-109
114. Sinkar VP, White FF, GordonMP(1987) Molecular biology of Ri-plasmid. Arev J Biosci 11:47-57
115. Smith FD, Harpending PR, Sanford JC (1992) Biolistic transformation of prokaryotes: factors that affect biolistic transformation of very small cells. J Gen Microbiol 138:239-248
116. St-Pierre B, Vazquez-Flota F, De Luca V (1999) Multicellular compartmentation of Catharanthus roseus alkaloid biosynthesis predicts intercellular translocation of a pathway intermediate. Plant Cell 11:887-900
117. Tang W (2003) Additional virulence genes and sonication enhance Agrobacterium tumefaciensmediated loblolly pine transformation. Plant Cell Rep 21:555-562
118. Tattersall DB, Bak S, Jones PR, Olsen CE, Nielsen JK, Hansen ML, Hoj PB, Moller BL (2001) Resistance to an herbivore through engineered cyanogenic glucoside synthesis. Science 293:1826-1828
119. Tepfter D (1990) Genetic transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Physiol Plant 79: 140-146
120. Thelen JJ, Ohlorgge JB (2002) Metabolic engineering of fatty acid biosynthesis in plants. Metab Eng 4:12-21
121. Trautwein EA (2001) n-3 Fatty acids-physiological and technical aspects for their use in food. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 103:45-55
122. Trethewey RN (2004) Metabolite profiling as an aid to metabolic engineering in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:196-201
123. Trick HR, Finner JJ (1997) SAAT: sonication-Assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgen Res 6:329-336
124. Ueki S, Lacroix B, Krichevsky A, Lazarowitz SG, Citovsky V (2009) Functional transient genetic transformation of Arabidopsis leaves by biolistic bombardment. Nat Protoc 4(1):71-77
125. Ursin VA (2003) Modification of plant lipids for human health: development of functional landbased omega-3 fatty acids. Symposium: improving human nutrition through genomics, proteomics and biotechnologies. American Society Nutrition science, pp 4271-4276
126. Van Der Fits L, Memelink J (2000) ORCA3, a jasmonate-responsive transcriptional regulator of plant primary and secondary metabolism. Science 289:295-297
127. Van Der Heijden R, Jacobs DI, Snoeijer W, Hallard D, Verpoorte R (2004) The Catharanthus alkaloids: pharmacognosy and biotechnology. Curr Med Chem 11:1241-1253
128. Van Der Krol AR, Lenting PE, Veenstra J, Van Der Meer IM, Koes RE, Gerats AGM, Mol JNM, Stuitje AR (1988) An anti-sense chalcone synthase gene in transgenic plants inhibits flower pigmentation. Nature 333:866-869
129. Verberne M, Verpoorte R, Bol J, Mercado-Blanco J, Linthorst HJM (2000) Overproduction of salicylic acid in plants by bacterial transgenes enhances pathogen resistance. Nat Biotechnol 18:779-783
130. Verpoorte R, Alfermann AW (2000) Metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolism. In: Verpoorte R, Alfermann AW (ed) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
131. Verpoorte R, Van Der Heijden R, Memelink J (2000) Engineering the plant cell factory for secondary metabolite production. Transgen Res 9:323-343
132. Verpoorte R, Van Der Heijden R, Ten Hoopen HJG, Memelink J (1999) Metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolite pathways from the production of fine chemicals. Biotechnol Lett 21:467-479
133. Vom Endt D, Kijne JW, Memelink J (2002) Transcription factors controlling plant secondary metabolism: what regulates the regulators?. Phytochemistry 61:107-114
134. Wang TT, Choi YJ, Lee BH (2001) Transformation systems of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Crit Rev Biotechnol 21:177-218
135. Waterhouse PM, Wang M, Finnegan EJ (2001a) Role of short RNAs in gene silencing. Trends Plant Sci 6:297-301
136. Waterhouse PM, Wang M, Lough T (2001b) Gene silencing as an adaptive defence against viruses. Nature 411:834-842
137. Weber S, Friedt W, Landes N, Molinier J, Himber C, Rousselin P, Hahne G, Horn R (2003) Improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L): assessment of macerating enzymes and sonication. Plant Cell Rep 21:475-482
138. Whitmer S, Canel C, Hallard D, Goncalves C, Verpoorte R (1998) Influence of precursor availability on alkaloid accumulation by transgenic cell lines of Catharanthus roseus. Plant Physiol 116:853-857
139. Whitmer S, Canel C, Van Der Heijden R, Verpoorte R (2003) Long-term instability of alkaloid production by stably transformed cell lines of Catharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 74:73-80
140. Whitmer S, Van Der Heijden R, Verpoorte R (2002a) Effect of precursor feeding on alkaloid accumulation by a tryptophan decarboxylase overexpressing transgenic cell line T22 of Catharanthus roseus. J Biotechnol 96:193-203
141. Whitmer S, Van Der Heijden R, Verpoorte R (2002b) Effect of precursor feeding on alkaloid accumulation by a strictosidine synthase over-expressing transgenic cell line S1 of Catharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 69:85-93
142. Whitmer S, Van Der Heijden R, Verpoorte R (2002c) Genetic engineering of the plant cell factory for secondary metabolite production. Indole Alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus as a model. In: Oksman-Caldentey K-M, Barz WH (ed) Plant biotechnology and transgenic plants. Scitech publishing, New York
143. Wilson TMA, Davies JW (1992) Genetic engineering with plant viruses. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
144. Yazaki K (2005) Transporters of secondary metabolites. Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:301-307
145. Ye GN, Stone D, Pang SZ, Creely W, Gonzalez K, Hinchee M (1999) Arabidopsis ovule is the target for Agrobacterium in planta vacuum infiltration transformation. Plant J 19:249-257
146. Ye X, Al-Babili S, Klöti A, Zhang J, Lucca P, Beyer P, Potrykus I (2000) Engineering the provitamin A (b-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid free) rice endosperm. Science 287:303-305
147. Yun DJ, Hashimoto T, Yamada Y (1992) Metabolic engineering of medicinal plants: transgenic Atropa belladonna with an improved alkaloid composition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:11799-11803
148. Zambre M, Terryn N, De Clercq J, De Buck S, Dillen W, Van Montagu M, Van Der Straeten D, Angenon G (2003) Light strongly promotes gene transfer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant cells. Planta 216:580-586
149. Zárate R (2010) Plant secondary metabolism engineering: methods, strategies, advances, and omics. In. Mander L, Lui H-W (ed) Comprehensive natural products II chemistry and biology, vol. 3. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 629-668
150. Zárate R, Dirks C, Van Der Heijden R, Verpoorte R (2001) Terpenoid indole alkaloid profile changes in Catharanthus pusillus during development. Plant Sci 160:971-977
151. Zárate R, Verpoorte R (2007) Strategies for the genetic modification of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Phytochem Rev 6(2-3):475-491
152. Zárate R, Yeoman MM (2001) Application of recombinant DNA technology to studies on plant secondary metabolism. In: Bender L, Kumar A (eds) From Soil to Cell-A Broach Approach to Plant Life. Giessen Electronic Library, Germany
153. Zhang W, Curtin C, Franco C (2002) Towards manipulation of post-biosynthetic events in secondary metabolism of plant cell cultures. Enzyme Microbiol Technol 30:688-696
154. Zhou X, Wei Y, Zhu H, Wang Z, Lin J, Liu L, Tang K (2008) Protoplast formation, regeneration and transformation from the taxol-producing fungus Ozonium sp. African J Biotechnol 7(12):2017-2024