Targeting strategies for delivery of anti-HIV drugs

Journal of Controlled Release

Volumn 192, Issue , 2014, Pages 271-283

  Ramana, Lakshmi Narashimhan ^a   Anand, Appakkudal R ^a   Sethuraman, Swaminathan ^a   Krishnan, Uma Maheswari ^a  

^a SASTRA UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

AIDS; HIV; Host targets; Targeted drug delivery; Viral targets

Indexed keywords

DRUG INTERACTIONS; MOLECULES; VIRUSES;

AIDS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS; HIV; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SURFACE MOLECULES; TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY; THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH; ANTI-HIV;

DRUG DELIVERY;

ALBUMIN; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; APTAMER; CD209 ANTIGEN; CD4 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4; DENDRIMER; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; GELATIN; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 120; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 41; HLA DR ANTIGEN; INDINAVIR; LIPOSOME; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN 1; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN 1 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NANOPARTICLE; NEVIRAPINE; PLERIXAFOR; RITONAVIR; SAQUINAVIR; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; STAVUDINE; TRANSFERRIN; TUFTSIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZIDOVUDINE; CARBOHYDRATE BINDING PROTEIN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; GLYCOPROTEIN;

ANTIVIRAL RESISTANCE; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; HOST CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; NONHUMAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VIRUS ENTRY; VIRUS GENOME; DRUG INTERACTION; DRUG RESISTANCE; ANIMAL; DRUG EFFECTS; HIV INFECTIONS; METABOLISM; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; PROCEDURES;

ANIMALS; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HIV; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY;

EID: 84907242456     PISSN: 01683659     EISSN: 18734995     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.003     Document Type: Review

References (165)

1. P. Piot, M. Bartos, P.D. Ghys, N. Walker, and B. Schwartländer The global impact of HIV/AIDS Nature 410 2001 968 973 (Pubitemid 32335847)
2. T. Dragic, A. Trkola, D.A. Thompson, E.G. Cormier, F.A. Kajumo, E. Maxwell, S.W. Lin, W. Ying, S.O. Smith, and T.P. Sakmar A binding pocket for a small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 entry within the transmembrane helices of CCR5 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97 2000 5639 5644 (Pubitemid 30313771)
3. A. Carr, K. Samaras, D.J. Chisholm, and D.A. Cooper Pathogenesis of HIV-1-protease inhibitor-associated peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and insulin resistance Lancet 351 1998 1881 1883 (Pubitemid 28279721)
4. J.G. Gerber Using pharmacokinetics to optimize antiretroviral drug-drug interactions in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection Clin. Infect. Dis. 30 2000 S123 S129
5. V. Eagling, H. Wiltshire, I. Whitcombe, and D. Back CYP3A4-mediated hepatic metabolism of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor saquinavir in vitro Xenobiotica 32 2002 1 17 (Pubitemid 34095130)
6. B. Schweighardt, and W.J. Atwood HIV type 1 infection of human astrocytes is restricted by inefficient viral entry AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 17 2001 1133 1142 (Pubitemid 32881580)
7. S. Gunaseelan, K. Gunaseelan, M. Deshmukh, X. Zhang, and P.J. Sinko Surface modifications of nanocarriers for effective intracellular delivery of anti-HIV drugs Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 62 2010 518 531
8. R.L. Felts, K. Narayan, J.D. Estes, D. Shi, C.M. Trubey, J. Fu, L.M. Hartnell, G.T. Ruthel, D.K. Schneider, and K. Nagashima 3D visualization of HIV transfer at the virological synapse between dendritic cells and T cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107 2010 13336 13341
9. W. Weissenhorn, A. Dessen, S. Harrison, J. Skehel, and D. Wiley Atomic structure of the ectodomain from HIV-1 gp41 Nature 387 1997 426 430 (Pubitemid 27227210)
10. C. Agrawal-Gamse, F.-H. Lee, B. Haggarty, A.P. Jordan, Y. Yi, B. Lee, R.G. Collman, J.A. Hoxie, R.W. Doms, and M.M. Laakso Adaptive mutations in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein with a truncated V3 loop restore function by improving interactions with CD4 J. Virol. 83 2009 11005 11015
11. D.G. Myszka, R.W. Sweet, P. Hensley, M. Brigham-Burke, P.D. Kwong, W.A. Hendrickson, R. Wyatt, J. Sodroski, and M.L. Doyle Energetics of the HIV gp120-CD4 binding reaction Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97 2000 9026 9031 (Pubitemid 30626667)
12. R. Clayton, A. Ohagen, F. Nicol, A.M. Del Vecchio, T.H. Jonckers, O. Goethals, M. Van Loock, L. Michiels, J. Grigsby, and Z. Xu Sustained and specific in vitro inhibition of HIV-1 replication by a protease inhibitor encapsulated in gp120-targeted liposomes Antiviral Res. 84 2009 142 149
13. B. Hoorelbeke, D. Huskens, G. Férir, K.O. François, A. Takahashi, K. Van Laethem, D. Schols, H. Tanaka, and J. Balzarini Actinohivin, a broadly neutralizing prokaryotic lectin, inhibits HIV-1 infection by specifically targeting high-mannose-type glycans on the gp120 envelope Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54 2010 3287 3301
14. H. Schreier, P. Moran, and I. Caras Targeting of liposomes to cells expressing CD4 using glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored gp120. Influence of liposome composition on intracellular trafficking J. Biol. Chem. 269 1994 9090 9098
15. K. Cheng, K. El-Boubbou, and C.C. Landry Binding of HIV-1 gp120 glycoprotein to silica nanoparticles modified with CD4 glycoprotein and CD4 peptide fragments ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 2011 235 243
16. C.D. Rizzuto, R. Wyatt, N. Hernández-Ramos, Y. Sun, P.D. Kwong, W.A. Hendrickson, and J. Sodroski A conserved HIV gp120 glycoprotein structure involved in chemokine receptor binding Science 280 1998 1949 1953 (Pubitemid 28299405)
17. L. Wu, N.P. Gerard, R. Wyatt, H. Choe, C. Parolin, N. Ruffing, A. Borsetti, A.A. Cardoso, E. Desjardin, and W. Newman CD4-induced interaction of primary HIV-1 gp120 glycoproteins with the chemokine receptor CCR-5 Nature 384 1996 179 183 (Pubitemid 26386475)
18. L. Jia, Y. Xu, C. Zhang, Y. Wang, H. Chong, S. Qiu, L. Wang, Y. Zhong, W. Liu, and Y. Sun Hypothesis A novel trifunctional IgG-like bispecific antibody to inhibit HIV-1 infection and enhance lysis of HIV by targeting activation of complement Virol. J. 7 2010 142
19. R. Clayton, A. Ohagen, O. Goethals, A. Smets, M. Van Loock, L. Michiels, E. Kennedy-Johnston, M. Cunningham, H. Jiang, and S. Bola Binding kinetics, uptake and intracellular accumulation of F105, an anti-gp120 human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody, in HIV-1 infected cells J. Virol. Methods 139 2007 17 23 (Pubitemid 44854219)
20. R.A. Wilkinson, C. Piscitelli, M. Teintze, L.A. Cavacini, M.R. Posner, and C.M. Lawrence Structure of the Fab fragment of F105, a broadly reactive anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody that recognizes the CD4 binding site of HIV type 1 gp120 J. Virol. 79 2005 13060 13069 (Pubitemid 41433225)
21. B.J. Connell, F. Baleux, Y.-M. Coic, P. Clayette, D. Bonnaffé, and H. Lortat-Jacob A synthetic heparan sulfate-mimetic peptide conjugated to a mini CD4 displays very high anti-HIV-1 activity independently of coreceptor usage Chem. Biol. 19 2012 131 139
22. E.A. Berger, K.A. Clouse, V.K. Chaudhary, S. Chakrabarti, D.J. FitzGerald, I. Pastan, and B. Moss CD4-Pseudomonas exotoxin hybrid protein blocks the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro and is active against cells expressing the envelope glycoproteins from diverse primate immunodeficiency retroviruses Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86 1989 9539 9543 (Pubitemid 20010462)
23. J. Madsen, G.D. Gaiha, N. Palaniyar, T. Dong, D.A. Mitchell, and H.W. Clark Surfactant protein D modulates HIV infection of both T-cells and dendritic cells PLoS One 8 2013 e59047
24. D. Flasher, K. Konopka, S.M. Chamow, P. Dazin, A. Ashkenazi, E. Pretzer, and N. Düzgüneş Liposome targeting to human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells via recombinant soluble CD4 and CD4 immunoadhesin (CD4-IgG) Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 1194 1994 185 196 (Pubitemid 24270390)
25. E.N. Brody, and L. Gold Aptamers as therapeutic and diagnostic agents Rev. Mol. Biotechnol. 74 2000 5 13
26. A.K. Dey, C. Griffiths, S.M. Lea, and W. James Structural characterization of an anti-gp120 RNA aptamer that neutralizes R5 strains of HIV-1 RNA 11 2005 873 884 (Pubitemid 40994198)
27. F.D. Veronese, A.L. DeVico, T.D. Copeland, S. Oroszlan, R.C. Gallo, and M. Sarngadharan Characterization of gp41 as the transmembrane protein coded by the HTLV-III/LAV envelope gene Science 229 1985 1402 1405 (Pubitemid 16222384)
28. P.D. Kwong, R. Wyatt, J. Robinson, R.W. Sweet, J. Sodroski, and W.A. Hendrickson Structure of an HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein in complex with the CD4 receptor and a neutralizing human antibody Nature 393 1998 648 659 (Pubitemid 28289647)
29. L. Cai, M. Gochin, and K. Liu Biochemistry and biophysics of HIV-1 gp41 - membrane interactions and implications for HIV-1 envelope protein mediated viral-cell fusion and fusion inhibitor design Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 11 2011 2959 2984
30. M. Purtscher, A. Trkola, G. Gruber, A. Buchacher, R. Predl, F. Steindl, C. Tauer, R. Berger, N. Barrett, and A. Jungbauer A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 10 1994 1651 1658
31. E. Dadachova, M.C. Patel, S. Toussi, C. Apostolidis, A. Morgenstern, M.W. Brechbiel, M.K. Gorny, S. Zolla-Pazner, A. Casadevall, and H. Goldstein Targeted killing of virally infected cells by radiolabeled antibodies to viral proteins PLoS Med. 3 2006 e427
32. R.B. Craig, C.M. Summa, M. Corti, and S.H. Pincus Anti-HIV double variable domain immunoglobulins binding both gp41 and gp120 for targeted delivery of immunoconjugates PLoS One 7 2012 e46778
33. L. Lu, C. Pan, Y. Li, H. Lu, H. He, and S. Jiang A bivalent recombinant protein inactivates HIV-1 by targeting the gp41 prehairpin fusion intermediate induced by CD4 D1D2 domains Retrovirology 9 2012 104
34. K.M. Kahle, H.K. Steger, and M.J. Root Asymmetric deactivation of HIV-1 gp41 following fusion inhibitor binding PLoS Pathog. 5 2009 e1000674
35. C.E. Hioe, M. Tuen, G. Vasiliver-Shamis, Y. Alvarez, K.C. Prins, S. Banerjee, A. Nadas, M.W. Cho, M.L. Dustin, and S.C. Kachlany HIV envelope gp120 activates LFA-1 on CD4 T-lymphocytes and increases cell susceptibility to LFA-1-targeting leukotoxin (LtxA) PLoS One 6 2011 e23202
36. S.-S. Kim, D. Peer, P. Kumar, S. Subramanya, H. Wu, D. Asthana, K. Habiro, Y.-G. Yang, N. Manjunath, and M. Shimaoka RNAi-mediated CCR5 silencing by LFA-1-targeted nanoparticles prevents HIV infection in BLT mice Mol. Ther. 18 2009 370 376
37. R. Phongpradist, C. Chittasupho, N. Intasai, T.J. Siahaan, C.J. Berkland, P. Charoenkwan, S. Anuchapreeda, and C. Ampasavate Biodegradable nanoparticles surface modification techniques with cIBR peptide targeting to LFA-1 expressing leukemic cells, Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine 3 2012
38. M. Shimaoka, M. Kim, E.H. Cohen, W. Yang, N. Astrof, D. Peer, A. Salas, A. Ferrand, and T.A. Springer AL-57, a ligand-mimetic antibody to integrin LFA-1, reveals chemokine-induced affinity up-regulation in lymphocytes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103 2006 13991 13996 (Pubitemid 44452969)
39. D. Peer, P. Zhu, C.V. Carman, J. Lieberman, and M. Shimaoka Selective gene silencing in activated leukocytes by targeting siRNAs to the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104 2007 4095 4100 (Pubitemid 47181584)
40. H. Tsubota, C.I. Lord, D.I. Watkins, C. Morimoto, and N.L. Letvin A cytotoxic T lymphocyte inhibits acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus replication in peripheral blood lymphocytes J. Exp. Med. 169 1989 1421 1434 (Pubitemid 19104972)
41. N. Mehra, and V. Taneja HLA, immune response and disease Indian J. Pediatr. 56 1989 171 179 (Pubitemid 19148025)
42. + T cells creates new targets for HIV-1 infection in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo Blood 111 2008 699 704
43. C.M. Gray, J. Lawrence, J.M. Schapiro, J.D. Altman, M.A. Winters, M. Crompton, M. Loi, S.K. Kundu, M.M. Davis, and T.C. Merigan Frequency of class I HLA-restricted anti-HIV CD8 + T cells in individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) J. Immunol. 162 1999 1780 1788 (Pubitemid 29307058)
44. M.S. Muthu, and S. Singh Targeted nanomedicines: effective treatment modalities for cancer AIDS and brain disorders. Nanomedicine 4 1 2008 105 118
45. J. Bestman-Smith, A. Désormeaux, M.J. Tremblay, and M.G. Bergeron Targeting cell-free HIV and virally-infected cells with anti-HLA-DR immunoliposomes containing amphotericin B AIDS 14 2000 2457 2465
46. I. Dufresne, A. Désormeaux, J. Bestman-Smith, P. Gourde, M.J. Tremblay, and M.G. Bergeron Targeting lymph nodes with liposomes bearing anti-HLA-DR Fab′ fragments Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 1421 1999 284 294 (Pubitemid 29460669)
47. L. Kestens, G. Vanham, P. Gigase, G. Young, I. Hannet, F. Vanlangendonck, F. Hulstaert, and B.A. Bach Expression of activation antigens, HLA-DR and CD38, on CD8 lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection AIDS 6 1992 793 798
48. S. Jurcevic, C. Praud, H.L. Coppin, A. Bertrand, S. Ricard, M. Thomsen, F. Lakhdar-Ghazal, and C. De Preval Role of polymorphic residues of human leucocyte antigen-DR molecules on the binding of human immunodeficiency virus peptides Immunology 87 1996 414 420 (Pubitemid 26100185)
49. S.D. Lawn, and S.T. Butera Incorporation of HLA-DR into the envelope of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo: correlation with stage of disease and presence of opportunistic infection J. Virol. 74 2000 10256 10259
50. W. Jin, C. Li, T. Du, K. Hu, X. Huang, and Q. Hu DC-SIGN plays a stronger role than DCIR in mediating HIV-1 capture and transfer Virology 458-459 2014 83 92
51. R.W. Sweet, A. Truneh, and W.A. Hendrickson CD4: its structure, role in immune function and AIDS pathogenesis, and potential as a pharmacological target Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2 1991 622 633 (Pubitemid 121002450)
52. + T cell interactions promote TH2 cytokine-dependent immunity Nat. Immunol. 10 2009 697 705
53. V.A. Slepushkin, I.I. Salem, S.M. Andreev, P. Dazin, and N. Düzgüneş Targeting of liposomes to HIV-1-infected cells by peptides derived from the CD4 receptor Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 227 1996 827 833 (Pubitemid 26387811)
54. A.N. Endsley, and R.J. Ho Enhanced anti-HIV efficacy of indinavir after inclusion in CD4-targeted lipid nanoparticles JAIDS J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 61 2012 417 424
55. S. Porcelli, M.B. Brenner, J.L. Greenstein, C. Terhorst, S.P. Balk, and P.A. Bleicher Recognition of cluster of differentiation 1 antigens by human CD4-CD8- cytolytic T lymphocyte Nature 341 6241 1989 447 450 (Pubitemid 19241915)
56. S.R. Pollard, M.D. Rosa, J.J. Rosa, and D. Wiley Truncated variants of gp120 bind CD4 with high affinity and suggest a minimum CD4 binding region EMBO J. 11 1992 585
57. A.T. Neffe, M. Bilang, I. Grüneberg, and B. Meyer Rational optimization of the binding affinity of CD4 targeting peptidomimetics with potential anti HIV activity J. Med. Chem. 50 2007 3482 3488 (Pubitemid 47195457)
58. B. Seed, B. Banapour, C. Romeo, W. Kolanus, Targeted cytolysis of HIV-infected cells by chimeric CD4 receptor-bearing cells, in, Google Patents, 2004.
59. D.J. Triggle Drug development in the 21st century: medicines, man and receptors Med. Chem. Res. 13 2004 238 248 (Pubitemid 39657042)
60. W. Eck, A.I. Nicholson, H. Zentgraf, W. Semmler, and S.n. Bartling Anti-CD4-targeted gold nanoparticles induce specific contrast enhancement of peripheral lymph nodes in X-ray computed tomography of live mice Nano Lett. 10 2010 2318 2322
61. J.M. McNicholl, D.K. Smith, S.H. Qari, and T. Hodge Host genes and HIV: the role of the chemokine receptor gene CCR5 and its allele Emerg. Infect. Dis. 3 1997 261
62. B. Lee, M. Sharron, L.J. Montaner, D. Weissman, and R.W. Doms Quantification of CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 levels on lymphocyte subsets, dendritic cells, and differentially conditioned monocyte-derived macrophages Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96 1999 5215 5220 (Pubitemid 29214563)
63. J. He, Y. Chen, M. Farzan, H. Choe, A. Ohagen, S. Gartner, J. Busciglio, X. Yang, W. Hofmann, and W. Newman CCR3 and CCR5 are Co-receptors for HIV-1 Infection of Microglia 1997
64. T. Bronshtein, N. Toledano, D. Danino, S. Pollack, and M. Machluf Cell derived liposomes expressing CCR5 as a new targeted drug-delivery system for HIV infected cells J. Control. Release 151 2011 139 148
65. A. Trkola, T.J. Ketas, K.A. Nagashima, L. Zhao, T. Cilliers, L. Morris, J.P. Moore, P.J. Maddon, and W.C. Olson Potent, broad-spectrum inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by the CCR5 monoclonal antibody PRO 140 J. Virol. 75 2001 579 588 (Pubitemid 32037260)
66. L. Agrawal, Z. VanHorn-Ali, E.A. Berger, and G. Alkhatib Specific inhibition of HIV-1 coreceptor activity by synthetic peptides corresponding to the predicted extracellular loops of CCR5 Blood 103 2004 1211 1217 (Pubitemid 38168629)
67. J.A. Kwong, T. Dorfman, B.D. Quinlan, J.J. Chiang, A.A. Ahmed, H. Choe, and M. Farzan A tyrosine-sulfated CCR5-mimetic peptide promotes conformational transitions in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein J. Virol. 85 2011 7563 7571
68. E.B. Schleifman, N.A. McNeer, A. Jackson, J. Yamtich, M.A. Brehm, L.D. Shultz, D.L. Greiner, P. Kumar, W.M. Saltzman, and P.M. Glazer Site-specific genome editing in PBMCs with PLGA nanoparticle-delivered PNAs confers HIV-1 resistance in humanized mice Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids 2 2013 e135
69. +; T cells is mediated by macrophages through interaction of HIV gp120 with chemokine receptor CXCR4 Nature 395 1998 189 194 (Pubitemid 28425660)
70. M. Kucia, K. Jankowski, R. Reca, M. Wysoczynski, L. Bandura, D. Allendorf, J. Zhang, J. Ratajczak, and M. Ratajczak CXCR4-SDF-1 signalling, locomotion, chemotaxis and adhesion J. Mol. Histol. 35 2004 233 245 (Pubitemid 40585309)
71. H.H. Bach IV, V. Saini, T.A. Baker, A. Tripathi, R.L. Gamelli, and M. Majetschak Initial assessment of the role of CXC chemokine receptor 4 after polytrauma Mol. Med. 18 2012 1056
72. M.J. Endres, P.R. Clapham, M. Marsh, M. Ahuja, J.D. Turner, A. McKnight, J.F. Thomas, B. Stoebenau-Haggarty, S. Choe, and P.J. Vance CD4-independent infection by HIV-2 is mediated by fusin/CXCR4 Cell 87 1996 745 756 (Pubitemid 26386947)
73. G.A. Donzella, D. Schols, S.W. Lin, J.A. Esté, K.A. Nagashima, P.J. Maddon, G.P. Allaway, T.P. Sakmar, G. Henson, and E. DeClercq AMD3100, a small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 entry via the CXCR4 co-receptor Nat. Med. 4 1998 72 77 (Pubitemid 28133082)
74. T.A. Gonda, A. Varro, T.C. Wang, and B. Tycko Molecular biology of cancer-associated fibroblasts: can these cells be targeted in anti-cancer therapy? Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 21 2010 2 10
75. Y. Xu, S. Duggineni, S. Espitia, D.D. Richman, J. An, and Z. Huang A synthetic bivalent ligand of CXCR4 inhibits HIV infection Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 435 2013 646 650
76. Y. Zhao, H. Sun, X. Li, X. Mo, and G. Zhang Anti-HIV effect of liposomes bearing CXCR4 receptor antagonist N15P Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 12 2013 503 509
77. M. BouHamdan, D. Strayer, D. Wei, M. Mukhtar, L. Duan, J. Hoxie, and R. Pomerantz Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by down-regulation of the CXCR4 co-receptor using an intracellular single chain variable fragment against CXCR4 Gene Ther. 8 2001 408 418 (Pubitemid 32241941)
78. C. Klinguer-hamour, Novel antibodies for the treatment of HIV, in, Google Patents, 2010.
79. J. Hesselgesser, M. Liang, J. Hoxie, M. Greenberg, L.F. Brass, M.J. Orsini, D. Taub, and R. Horuk Identification and characterization of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in human T cell lines: ligand binding, biological activity, and HIV-1 infectivity J. Immunol. 160 1998 877 883 (Pubitemid 28049330)
80. X. Carnec, L. Quan, W.C. Olson, U. Hazan, and T. Dragic Anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibodies recognizing overlapping epitopes differ significantly in their ability to inhibit entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 J. Virol. 79 2005 1930 1933 (Pubitemid 40459139)
81. J. Wang, L. He, C.A. Combs, G. Roderiquez, and M.A. Norcross Dimerization of CXCR4 in living malignant cells: control of cell migration by a synthetic peptide that reduces homologous CXCR4 interactions Mol. Cancer Ther. 5 2006 2474 2483 (Pubitemid 44650911)
82. O. Chertov, N. Zhang, X. Chen, J.J. Oppenheim, J. Lubkowski, C. McGrath, R.C. Sowder II, B.J. Crise, A. Malyguine, and M.A. Kutzler Novel peptides based on HIV-1 gp120 sequence with homology to chemokines inhibit HIV infection in cell culture PLoS One 6 2011 e14474
83. Z. Liang, T. Wu, H. Lou, X. Yu, R.S. Taichman, S.K. Lau, S. Nie, J. Umbreit, and H. Shim Inhibition of breast cancer metastasis by selective synthetic polypeptide against CXCR4 Cancer Res. 64 2004 4302 4308 (Pubitemid 38802437)
84. H. Tamamura, A. Omagari, K. Hiramatsu, K. Gotoh, T. Kanamoto, Y. Xu, E. Kodama, M. Matsuoka, T. Hattori, and N. Yamamoto Development of specific CXCR4 inhibitors possessing high selectivity indexes as well as complete stability in serum based on an anti-HIV peptide T140 Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 11 2001 1897 1902 (Pubitemid 32675313)
85. D.M. Ramsey, and S.R. McAlpine Halting metastasis through CXCR4 inhibition Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 23 2013 20 25
86. X. Ji, H. Gewurz, and G.T. Spear Mannose binding lectin (MBL) and HIV Mol. Immunol. 42 2005 145 152 (Pubitemid 39361445)
87. + T lymphocytes Virology 370 2008 382 391 (Pubitemid 350192556)
88. L. Mathys, and J. Balzarini Exposure of HIV-1 to a combination of two carbohydrate-binding agents markedly delays drug resistance development and selects for virus strains with compromised fitness J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 69 3 2014 582 593
89. J. Balzarini, K. Van Laethem, S. Hatse, M. Froeyen, W. Peumans, E. Van Damme, and D. Schols Carbohydrate-binding agents cause deletions of highly conserved glycosylation sites in HIV GP120: a new therapeutic concept to hit the Achilles heel of HIV J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 41005 41014 (Pubitemid 41780596)
90. J. Balzarini Inhibition of HIV entry by carbohydrate-binding proteins Antiviral Res. 71 2006 237 247 (Pubitemid 44223752)
91. B. Hoorelbeke, E.J. Van Damme, P. Rougé, D. Schols, K. Van Laethem, E. Fouquaert, and J. Balzarini Differences in the Mannose Oligomer Specificities of the Closely Related Lectins from Galanthus nivalis and Zea mays Strongly Determine Their Eventual Anti-HIV Activity 2011
92. J. Balzarini, J. Neyts, D. Schols, M. Hosoya, E. Van Damme, W. Peumans, and E. De Clercq The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epipactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine)n-specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro Antiviral Res. 18 1992 191 207
93. Q. Hu, N. Mahmood, and R.J. Shattock High-mannose-specific deglycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 induced by resistance to cyanovirin-N and the impact on antibody neutralization Virology 368 2007 145 154 (Pubitemid 47599570)
94. H. McFeeters, M. Gilbert, A. Wood, C. Haggenmaker, and J. Jones Scytovirin engineering improves carbohydrate affinity and HIV-1 entry inhibition Biochem. Physiol. S 2 2013 2
95. Z. KljajiĆ, H.C. SchrÖDer, M. Rottmann, M. CuperloviĆ, M. Movsesian, G. Uhlenbruck, M. GasiĆ, R.K. Zahn, and W.E.G. MÜLler A d-mannose-specific lectin from Gerardia savaglia that inhibits nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA Eur. J. Biochem. 169 1987 97 104
96. T. Mori, B.R. O'Keefe, R.C. Sowder, S. Bringans, R. Gardella, S. Berg, P. Cochran, J.A. Turpin, R.W. Buckheit, and J.B. McMahon Isolation and characterization of griffithsin, a novel HIV-inactivating protein, from the red alga Griffithsia sp J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 9345 9353 (Pubitemid 40409628)
97. Y. Sato, M. Hirayama, K. Morimoto, N. Yamamoto, S. Okuyama, and K. Hori High mannose-binding lectin with preference for the cluster of α1-2-mannose from the green alga Boodlea coacta is a potent entry inhibitor of HIV-1 and influenza viruses J. Biol. Chem. 286 2011 19446 19458
98. J. Balzarini Targeting the glycans of glycoproteins: a novel paradigm for antiviral therapy Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 5 2007 583 597 (Pubitemid 47074114)
99. I. Botos, and A. Wlodawer Proteins that bind high-mannose sugars of the HIV envelope Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 88 2005 233 282 (Pubitemid 39568612)
100. S. Bulgheresi, I. Schabussova, T. Chen, N.P. Mullin, R.M. Maizels, and J.A. Ott A new C-type lectin similar to the human immunoreceptor DC-SIGN mediates symbiont acquisition by a marine nematode Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 2006 2950 2956
101. T.L. Chang, and M.E. Klotman Defensins: natural anti-HIV peptides AIDS Rev. 6 2004 161
102. M.E. Klotman, and T.L. Chang Defensins in innate antiviral immunity Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6 2006 447 456
103. T. Mohan, C. Sharma, A.A. Bhat, and D.N. Rao Modulation of HIV peptide antigen specific cellular immune response by synthetic α- and β-defensin peptides Vaccine 31 2013 1707 1716
104. T. Dutta, and N.K. Jain Targeting potential and anti-HIV activity of lamivudine loaded mannosylated poly (propyleneimine) dendrimer Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj. 1770 2007 681 686 (Pubitemid 46281473)
105. S.K. Jain, Y. Gupta, A. Jain, A.R. Saxena, P. Khare, and A. Jain Mannosylated gelatin nanoparticles bearing an anti-HIV drug didanosine for site-specific delivery Nanomedicine Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 4 2008 41 48 (Pubitemid 351324205)
106. A. Kumari, S.K. Yadav, and S.C. Yadav Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 75 1 2010 1 18
107. D.A. Calarese, C.N. Scanlan, M.B. Zwick, S. Deechongkit, Y. Mimura, R. Kunert, P. Zhu, M.R. Wormald, R.L. Stanfield, and K.H. Roux Antibody domain exchange is an immunological solution to carbohydrate cluster recognition Science 300 2003 2065 2071 (Pubitemid 36760127)
108. C. Pikora, C. Wittish, and R.C. Desrosiers Identification of two N-linked glycosylation sites within the core of the simian immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein whose removal enhances sensitivity to soluble CD4 J. Virol. 79 2005 12575 12583 (Pubitemid 41346120)
109. T. Oki, M. Konishi, K. Tomatsu, K. Tomita, K. Saitoh, M. Tsunakawa, M. Nishio, T. Miyaki, and H. Kawaguchi Pradimicin, a novel class of potent antifungal antibiotics J. Antibiot. 41 1988 1701
110. T. Takeuchi, T. Hara, H. Naganawa, M. Okada, M. Hamada, H. Umezawa, S. Gomi, M. Sezaki, and S. Kondo New antifungal antibiotics, benanomicins A and B from an actinomycete J. Antibiot. 41 1988 807
111. R.K. Gieseler, G. Marquitan, M.J. Hahn, L.A. Perdon, W.H.P. Driessen, S.M. Sullivan, and M.J. Scolaro DC-SIGN-specific liposomal targeting and selective intracellular compound delivery to human myeloid dendritic cells: implications for HIV disease Scand. J. Immunol. 59 2004 415 424 (Pubitemid 38725550)
112. S.-K. Wang, P.-H. Liang, R.D. Astronomo, T.-L. Hsu, S.-L. Hsieh, D.R. Burton, and C.-H. Wong Targeting the carbohydrates on HIV-1: interaction of oligomannose dendrons with human monoclonal antibody 2G12 and DC-SIGN Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105 2008 3690 3695 (Pubitemid 351723459)
113. E. Tzehoval, S. Segal, Y. Stabinsky, M. Fridkin, Z. Spirer, and M. Feldman Tuftsin (an Ig-associated tetrapeptide) triggers the immunogenic function of macrophages: implications for activation of programmed cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 75 1978 3400 3404 (Pubitemid 8395079)
114. K. Jain, P. Kesharwani, U. Gupta, and N. Jain Dendrimer toxicity: let's meet the challenge Int. J. Pharm. 394 1 2010 122 142
115. T. Dutta, M. Garg, and N.K. Jain Targeting of efavirenz loaded tuftsin conjugated poly (propyleneimine) dendrimers to HIV infected macrophages in vitro Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 34 2008 181 189
116. A. Agarwal, H. Kandpal, H. Gupta, N. Singh, and C. Gupta Tuftsin-bearing liposomes as rifampin vehicles in treatment of tuberculosis in mice Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38 1994 588 593 (Pubitemid 24072253)
117. P.Y. Guru, A.K. Agrawal, U.K. Singha, A. Singhal, and C.M. Gupta Drug targeting in Leishmania donovani infections using tuftsin-bearing liposomes as drug vehicles FEBS Lett. 245 1989 204 208 (Pubitemid 19076232)
118. M. Owais, I. Ahmed, B. Krishnakumar, R.K. Jaina, B.K. Bachhawat, and C.M. Gupta Tuftsin-bearing liposomes as drug vehicles in the treatment of experimental aspergillosis FEBS Lett. 326 1993 56 58 (Pubitemid 23200246)
119. S.O. Banjoko, F.A. Oseni, R.A. Togun, O. Onayemi, B.O. Emma-Okon, and J.B. Fakunle Iron status in HIV-1 infection: implications in disease pathology BMC Clin. Pathol. 12 2012 26
120. S.A. Ali, H.C. Joao, F. Hammerschmid, J. Eder, and A. Steinkasserer Transferrin trojan horses as a rational approach for the biological delivery of therapeutic peptide domains J. Biol. Chem. 274 1999 24066 24073
121. Z.M. Qian, H. Li, H. Sun, and K. Ho Targeted drug delivery via the transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway Pharmacol. Rev. 54 2002 561 587 (Pubitemid 35351196)
122. Y.-C. Kuo, P.-I. Lin, and C.-C. Wang Targeting nevirapine delivery across human brain microvascular endothelial cells using transferrin-grafted poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles Nanomedicine 6 2011 1011 1026
123. J. Mann, D. Stieh, K. Klein, D. de Stegmann, M. Cranage, R. Shattock, and P. McKay Transferrin conjugation confers mucosal molecular targeting to a model HIV-1 trimeric gp140 vaccine antigen J. Control. Release 158 2012 240 249
124. R.J. Boado, H. Tsukamoto, and W.M. Pardridge Drug delivery of antisense molecules to the brain for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and cerebral AIDS J. Pharm. Sci. 87 1998 1308 1315
125. V. Mishra, S. Mahor, A. Rawat, P.N. Gupta, P. Dubey, K. Khatri, and S.P. Vyas Targeted brain delivery of AZT via transferrin anchored pegylated albumin nanoparticles J. Drug Target. 14 2006 45 53
126. S.D. Mahajan, I. Roy, G. Xu, K.-T. Yong, H. Ding, R. Aalinkeel, J.L. Reynolds, D.E. Sykes, B.B. Nair, and E.Y. Lin Enhancing the delivery of anti retroviral drug "saquinavir" across the blood brain barrier using nanoparticles Curr. HIV Res. 8 2010 396
127. K. Sefah, D. Shangguan, X. Xiong, M.B. O'Donoghue, and W. Tan Development of DNA aptamers using Cell-SELEX Nat. Protoc. 5 2010 1169 1185
128. J.C. Burnett, and J.J. Rossi RNA-based therapeutics: current progress and future prospects Chem. Biol. 19 2012 60 71
129. J. Zhou, P. Swiderski, H. Li, J. Zhang, C.P. Neff, R. Akkina, and J.J. Rossi Selection, characterization and application of new RNA HIV gp 120 aptamers for facile delivery of Dicer substrate siRNAs into HIV infected cells Nucleic Acids Res. 37 2009 3094 3109
130. J. Zhou, H. Li, S. Li, J. Zaia, and J.J. Rossi Novel dual inhibitory function aptamer-siRNA delivery system for HIV-1 therapy Mol. Ther. 16 2008 1481 1489
131. M.H. Nielsen, F.S. Pedersen, and J. Kjems Molecular strategies to inhibit HIV-1 replication Retrovirology 2 2005 10
132. H. Li, G. Yuan, and D. Du Investigation of formation, recognition, stabilization, and conversion of dimeric G-quadruplexes of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 19 2008 550 559
133. H. Stangl, M. Hyatt, and H.H. Hobbs Transport of lipids from high and low density lipoproteins via scavenger receptor-BI J. Biol. Chem. 274 1999 32692 32698 (Pubitemid 129535297)
134. J. Mankertz, H. Von Baeyer, K. Rokos, M. Nündel, G. Pauli, and E. Riedel Cell specific uptake of antiretroviral drugs: AZT coupled to LDL inhibits HIV replication in human macrophages Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 33 1995 85 88
135. J. Mankertz, E. Matthes, K. Rokos, H. von Baeyer, J. Mankertz, E. Matthes, K. Rokos, H. von Baeyer, G. Pauli, and E. Riedel Selective endocytosis of fluorothymidine and azidothymidine coupled to LDL into HIV infected mononuclear cells Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1317 1996 233 237 (Pubitemid 26426552)
136. J. Hu, H. Liu, and L. Wang Enhanced delivery of AZT to macrophages via acetylated LDL J. Control. Release 69 2000 327 335
137. K. Greish Enhanced permeability and retention effect for selective targeting of anticancer nanomedicine: are we there yet? Drug Discov. Today Technol. 9 2012 e161 e166
138. R. Löbenberg, and J. Kreuter Macrophage targeting of azidothymidine: a promising strategy for AIDS therapy* AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 12 1996 1709 1715 (Pubitemid 26424050)
139. H. Dou, J. Morehead, C.J. Destache, J.D. Kingsley, L. Shlyakhtenko, Y. Zhou, M. Chaubal, J. Werling, J. Kipp, and B.E. Rabinow Laboratory investigations for the morphologic, pharmacokinetic, and anti-retroviral properties of indinavir nanoparticles in human monocyte-derived macrophages Virology 358 2007 148 158 (Pubitemid 46048870)
140. Y. Jin, R. Xin, L. Tong, L. Du, and M. Li Combination anti-HIV therapy with the self-assemblies of an asymmetric bolaamphiphilic zidovudine/didanosine prodrug Mol. Pharm. 8 2011 867 876
141. A. Misra, S. Ganesh, A. Shahiwala, and S.P. Shah Drug delivery to the central nervous system: a review J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 6 2003 252 273 (Pubitemid 37207232)
142. A. Bender, V. Schäfer, A.M. Steffan, C. Royer, J. Kreuter, H. Rübsamen-Waigmann, and H. von Briesen Inhibition of HIV in vitro by antiviral drug-targeting using nanoparticles Res. Virol. 145 1994 215 220 (Pubitemid 24244521)
143. C.A. Dos Santos, G.B. Ribeiro, M.C. Knirsch, A.P. Junior, and T.C. Vessoni Penna Influence of Pluronic® F68 on ceftazidime biological activity in parenteral solutions J. Pharm. Sci. 100 2011 715 720
144. A.V. Kabanov, E.V. Batrakova, and V.Y. Alakhov Pluronic® block copolymers for overcoming drug resistance in cancer Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 54 2002 759 779 (Pubitemid 35247525)
145. G. Yang, and X. Xiong Viral infectivity factor: a novel therapeutic strategy to block HIV-1 replication Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 13 2013 1047 1055
146. A.R. Anand, H. Zhao, T. Nagaraja, L.A. Robinson, and R.K. Ganju N-terminal Slit2 Inhibits HIV-1 Replication by Regulating the Actin Cytoskeleton 2013
147. A. Falco, E. Barrajón-Catalán, M.P. Menéndez- Gutiérrez, J. Coll, V. Micol, and A. Estepa Melittin-loaded immunoliposomes against viral surface proteins, a new approach to antiviral therapy Antiviral Res. 97 2013 218 221
148. D. Vlachakis, G. Tsiliki, A. Pavlopoulou, M.G. Roubelakis, S.C. Tsaniras, and S. Kossida Antiviral stratagems against HIV-1 using RnA interference (RnAi) technology Evol. Bioinformatics Online 9 2013 203
149. A. Kaur, S. Jain, and A. Tiwary Mannan-coated gelatin nanoparticles for sustained and targeted delivery of didanosine: in vitro and in vivo evaluation Acta Pharma. 58 2008 61 74 (Pubitemid 351419158)
150. K.S. Rao, M.K. Reddy, J.L. Horning, and V. Labhasetwar TAT-conjugated nanoparticles for the CNS delivery of anti-HIV drugs Biomaterials 29 2008 4429 4438
151. J.-F. Gagné, A. Désormeaux, S. Perron, M.J. Tremblay, and M.G. Bergeron Targeted delivery of indinavir to HIV-1 primary reservoirs with immunoliposomes Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 1558 2002 198 210 (Pubitemid 34081181)
152. L. Wan, X. Zhang, S. Pooyan, M.S. Palombo, M.J. Leibowitz, S. Stein, and P.J. Sinko Optimizing size and copy number for PEG-fMLF (N-formyl-methionyl- leucyl-phenylalanine) nanocarrier uptake by macrophages Bioconjug. Chem. 19 2007 28 38 (Pubitemid 351213832)
153. L. Kinman, T. Bui, K. Larsen, C.-C. Tsai, D. Anderson, W.R. Morton, S.-L. Hu, and R.J. Ho Optimization of lipid-indinavir complexes for localization in lymphoid tissues of HIV-infected macaques JAIDS J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 42 2006 155 161 (Pubitemid 43884709)
154. M. Garg, and N.K. Jain Reduced hematopoietic toxicity, enhanced cellular uptake and altered pharmacokinetics of azidothymidine loaded galactosylated liposomes J. Drug Target. 14 2006 1 11
155. C.D. Kaur, M. Nahar, and N.K. Jain Lymphatic targeting of zidovudine using surface-engineered liposomes J. Drug Target. 16 2008 798 805
156. M. Garg, A. Asthana, H.B. Agashe, G.P. Agrawal, and N.K. Jain Stavudine-loaded mannosylated liposomes: in-vitro anti-HIV-I activity, tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 58 2006 605 616
157. M. Garg, T. Dutta, and N.K. Jain Reduced hepatic toxicity, enhanced cellular uptake and altered pharmacokinetics of stavudine loaded galactosylated liposomes Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 67 2007 76 85 (Pubitemid 46991319)
158. A. Eguchi, B.R. Meade, Y.-C. Chang, C.T. Fredrickson, K. Willert, N. Puri, and S.F. Dowdy Efficient siRNA delivery into primary cells by a peptide transduction domain-dsRNA binding domain fusion protein Nat. Biotechnol. 27 2009 567 571
159. E. Song, P. Zhu, S.-K. Lee, D. Chowdhury, S. Kussman, D.M. Dykxhoorn, Y. Feng, D. Palliser, D.B. Weiner, P. Shankar, W.A. Marasco, and J. Lieberman Antibody mediated in vivo delivery of small interfering RNAs via cell-surface receptors Nat. Biotechnol. 23 2005 709 717 (Pubitemid 41716361)
160. F. Aline, D. Brand, J. Pierre, P. Roingeard, M. Séverine, B. Verrier, and I. Dimier-Poisson Dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 p24 proteins adsorbed on surfactant-free anionic PLA nanoparticles induce enhanced cellular immune responses against HIV-1 after vaccination Vaccine 27 2009 5284 5291
161. F. Lori, S. Calarota, and J. Lisziewicz Nanochemistry-based immunotherapy for HIV-1 Curr. Med. Chem. 14 2007 1911 1919 (Pubitemid 47209102)
162. T. Dutta, M. Garg, and N.K. Jain Targeting of efavirenz loaded tuftsin conjugated poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers to HIV infected macrophages in vitro Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 34 2008 181 189
163. M. Fridkin, H. Tsubery, E. Tzehoval, A. Vonsover, L. Biondi, F. Filira, and R. Rocchi Tuftsin-AZT conjugate: potential macrophage targeting for AIDS therapy J. Pept. Sci. 11 2005 37 44 (Pubitemid 40100720)
164. R. Clayton, A. Ohagen, F. Nicol, A.M. Del Vecchio, T.H.M. Jonckers, O. Goethals, M. Van Loock, L. Michiels, J. Grigsby, Z. Xu, Y.P. Zhang, L.L. Gutshall, M. Cunningham, H. Jiang, S. Bola, R.T. Sarisky, and K. Hertogs Sustained and specific in vitro inhibition of HIV-1 replication by a protease inhibitor encapsulated in gp120-targeted liposomes Antiviral Res. 84 2009 142 149
165. J. Zhou, Y. Shu, P. Guo, D.D. Smith, and J.J. Rossi Dual functional RNA nanoparticles containing phi29 motor pRNA and anti-gp120 aptamer for cell-type specific delivery and HIV-1 inhibition Methods 54 2011 284 294