메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4 MAR, Issue , 2014, Pages

Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in adult and pediatric gliomas: Toward personalized treatment

Author keywords

Gliomas; Predictive biomarkers; Prognostic biomarkers

Indexed keywords

B RAF KINASE; BEVACIZUMAB; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 4; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 6; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; ERLOTINIB; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE 1; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE 2; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MICRORNA; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3, 4, 5 TRISPHOSPHATE 3 PHOSPHATASE; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; PROTEIN KINASE B; PROTEIN MDM2; PROTEIN P53; SORAFENIB; SUNITINIB; TEMOZOLOMIDE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR E2F; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR;

EID: 84901020239     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2234943X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00047     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (34)

References (194)
  • 1
    • 14244265590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and etiology of gliomas
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-005-0991-y
    • Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. Epidemiology and etiology of gliomas. Acta Neuropathol (2005) 109:93-108. doi:10.1007/s00401-005-0991-y.
    • (2005) Acta Neuropathol , vol.109 , pp. 93-108
    • Ohgaki, H.1    Kleihues, P.2
  • 3
    • 84874091180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The definition of primary and secondary glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3002
    • Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. The definition of primary and secondary glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res (2013) 19:764-72. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3002.
    • (2013) Clin Cancer Res , vol.19 , pp. 764-772
    • Ohgaki, H.1    Kleihues, P.2
  • 4
    • 4944255253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic pathways to glioblastoma: a population-based study
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1337
    • Ohgaki H, Dessen P, Jourde B, Horstmann S, Nishikawa T, Di Patre P-L, et al. Genetic pathways to glioblastoma: a population-based study. Cancer Res (2004) 64:6892-9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1337.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 6892-6899
    • Ohgaki, H.1    Dessen, P.2    Jourde, B.3    Horstmann, S.4    Nishikawa, T.5    Di Patre, P.-L.6
  • 5
    • 0030017885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of the EGF receptor and p53 mutations are mutually exclusive in the evolution of primary and secondary glioblastomas
    • discussion 23-4 doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1996.tb00848.x
    • Watanabe K, Tachibana O, Sata K, Yonekawa Y, Kleihues P, Ohgaki H. Overexpression of the EGF receptor and p53 mutations are mutually exclusive in the evolution of primary and secondary glioblastomas. Brain Pathol (1996) 6:217-23; discussion 23-4. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1996.tb00848.x.
    • (1996) Brain Pathol , vol.6 , pp. 217-223
    • Watanabe, K.1    Tachibana, O.2    Sata, K.3    Yonekawa, Y.4    Kleihues, P.5    Ohgaki, H.6
  • 6
    • 84874568465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of biomarkers in the clinical management of glioblastomas: what are the barriers and how can we overcome them?
    • doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00188
    • McDonald KL, Aw G, Kleihues P. Role of biomarkers in the clinical management of glioblastomas: what are the barriers and how can we overcome them? Front Neurol (2012) 3:188. doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00188.
    • (2012) Front Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 188
    • McDonald, K.L.1    Aw, G.2    Kleihues, P.3
  • 7
    • 83355163405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for sequenced molecular evolution of IDH1 mutant glioblastoma from a distinct cell of origin
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.33.8715
    • Lai A, Kharbanda S, Pope WB, Tran A, Solis OE, Peale F, et al. Evidence for sequenced molecular evolution of IDH1 mutant glioblastoma from a distinct cell of origin. J Clin Oncol (2011) 29:4482-90. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.33.8715.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 4482-4490
    • Lai, A.1    Kharbanda, S.2    Pope, W.B.3    Tran, A.4    Solis, O.E.5    Peale, F.6
  • 9
    • 54549108740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways
    • Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. doi:10.1038/nature07385
    • Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways. Nature (2008) 455:1061-8. doi:10.1038/nature07385.a
    • (2008) Nature , vol.455 , pp. 1061-1068
  • 10
    • 73649123907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1
    • doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.020
    • Verhaak RG, Hoadley KA, Purdom E, Wang V, Qi Y, Wilkerson MD, et al. Integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1. Cancer Cell (2010) 17:98-110. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.020.
    • (2010) Cancer Cell , vol.17 , pp. 98-110
    • Verhaak, R.G.1    Hoadley, K.A.2    Purdom, E.3    Wang, V.4    Qi, Y.5    Wilkerson, M.D.6
  • 11
    • 33644820339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular subclasses of high-grade glioma predict prognosis, delineate a pattern of disease progression, and resemble stages in neurogenesis
    • doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.02.019
    • Phillips HS, Kharbanda S, Chen R, Forrest WF, Soriano RH, Wu TD, et al. Molecular subclasses of high-grade glioma predict prognosis, delineate a pattern of disease progression, and resemble stages in neurogenesis. Cancer Cell (2006) 9:157-73. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.02.019.
    • (2006) Cancer Cell , vol.9 , pp. 157-173
    • Phillips, H.S.1    Kharbanda, S.2    Chen, R.3    Forrest, W.F.4    Soriano, R.H.5    Wu, T.D.6
  • 12
    • 84879563916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refined brain tumor diagnostics and stratified therapies: the requirement for a multi- disciplinary approach
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1127-4
    • Riemenschneider MJ, Louis DN, Weller M, Hau P. Refined brain tumor diagnostics and stratified therapies: the requirement for a multi- disciplinary approach. Acta Neuropathol (2013) 126:21-37. doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1127-4.
    • (2013) Acta Neuropathol , vol.126 , pp. 21-37
    • Riemenschneider, M.J.1    Louis, D.N.2    Weller, M.3    Hau, P.4
  • 13
    • 84856722847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying a complex tumor: potential and pitfalls
    • doi:10.1097/PPO.0b013e3182431c57
    • Zheng S, Chheda MG, Verhaak RG. Studying a complex tumor: potential and pitfalls. Cancer J (2012) 18:107-14. doi:10.1097/PPO.0b013e3182431c57.
    • (2012) Cancer J , vol.18 , pp. 107-114
    • Zheng, S.1    Chheda, M.G.2    Verhaak, R.G.3
  • 14
    • 84870804965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers classification and therapeutic decision-making for malignant gliomas
    • doi:10.1007/s11864-012-0210-8
    • Olar A, Aldape KD. Biomarkers classification and therapeutic decision-making for malignant gliomas. Curr Treat Options Oncol (2012) 13:417-36. doi:10.1007/s11864-012-0210-8.
    • (2012) Curr Treat Options Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 417-436
    • Olar, A.1    Aldape, K.D.2
  • 15
    • 84885074034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The somatic genomic landscape of glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.034
    • Brennan CW, Verhaak RG, McKenna A, Campos B, Noushmehr H, Salama SR, et al. The somatic genomic landscape of glioblastoma. Cell (2013) 155:462-77. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.034.
    • (2013) Cell , vol.155 , pp. 462-477
    • Brennan, C.W.1    Verhaak, R.G.2    McKenna, A.3    Campos, B.4    Noushmehr, H.5    Salama, S.R.6
  • 16
    • 84872370490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporation of prognostic and predictive factors into glioma clinical trials
    • doi:10.1007/s11912-012-0279-z
    • Johnson DR, Galanis E. Incorporation of prognostic and predictive factors into glioma clinical trials. Curr Oncol Rep (2013) 15:56-63. doi:10.1007/s11912-012-0279-z.
    • (2013) Curr Oncol Rep , vol.15 , pp. 56-63
    • Johnson, D.R.1    Galanis, E.2
  • 17
    • 79551557586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporation of biomarker assessment in novel clinical trial designs: personalizing brain tumor treatments
    • doi:10.1007/s11912-010-0144-x
    • Galanis E, Wu W, Sarkaria J, Chang SM, Colman H, Sargent D, et al. Incorporation of biomarker assessment in novel clinical trial designs: personalizing brain tumor treatments. Curr Oncol Rep (2011) 13:42-9. doi:10.1007/s11912-010-0144-x.
    • (2011) Curr Oncol Rep , vol.13 , pp. 42-49
    • Galanis, E.1    Wu, W.2    Sarkaria, J.3    Chang, S.M.4    Colman, H.5    Sargent, D.6
  • 18
    • 4344715880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic and predictive markers in cancer
    • doi:10.1155/2004/202031
    • Conley BA, Taube SE. Prognostic and predictive markers in cancer. Dis Markers (2004) 20:35-43. doi:10.1155/2004/202031.
    • (2004) Dis Markers , vol.20 , pp. 35-43
    • Conley, B.A.1    Taube, S.E.2
  • 19
    • 78650682939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 mutations: a fundamentally new understanding of diffuse glioma?
    • doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70053-X
    • Kloosterhof NK, Bralten LB, Dubbink HJ, French PJ, van den Bent MJ. Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 mutations: a fundamentally new understanding of diffuse glioma? Lancet Oncol (2011) 12:83-91. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70053-X.
    • (2011) Lancet Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 83-91
    • Kloosterhof, N.K.1    Bralten, L.B.2    Dubbink, H.J.3    French, P.J.4    van den Bent, M.J.5
  • 22
    • 70249097408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 codon 132 mutation is an important prognostic biomarker in gliomas
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.21.9832
    • Sanson M, Marie Y, Paris S, Idbaih A, Laffaire J, Ducray F, et al. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 codon 132 mutation is an important prognostic biomarker in gliomas. J Clin Oncol (2009) 27:4150-4. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.21.9832.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 4150-4154
    • Sanson, M.1    Marie, Y.2    Paris, S.3    Idbaih, A.4    Laffaire, J.5    Ducray, F.6
  • 23
    • 84864281784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No prognostic value of IDH1 mutations in a series of 100 WHO grade II astrocytomas
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-012-0863-y
    • Ahmadi R, Stockhammer F, Becker N, Hohlen K, Misch M, Christians A, et al. No prognostic value of IDH1 mutations in a series of 100 WHO grade II astrocytomas. J Neurooncol (2012) 109:15-22. doi:10.1007/s11060-012-0863-y.
    • (2012) J Neurooncol , vol.109 , pp. 15-22
    • Ahmadi, R.1    Stockhammer, F.2    Becker, N.3    Hohlen, K.4    Misch, M.5    Christians, A.6
  • 24
    • 69949114447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type and frequency of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are related to astrocytic and oligodendroglial differentiation and age: a study of 1,010 diffuse gliomas
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0561-9
    • Hartmann C, Meyer J, Balss J, Capper D, Mueller W, Christians A, et al. Type and frequency of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are related to astrocytic and oligodendroglial differentiation and age: a study of 1,010 diffuse gliomas. Acta Neuropathol (2009) 118:469-74. doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0561-9.
    • (2009) Acta Neuropathol , vol.118 , pp. 469-474
    • Hartmann, C.1    Meyer, J.2    Balss, J.3    Capper, D.4    Mueller, W.5    Christians, A.6
  • 25
    • 65349150503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDH1 mutations are early events in the development of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas
    • doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.080958
    • Watanabe T, Nobusawa S, Kleihues P, Ohgaki H. IDH1 mutations are early events in the development of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Am J Pathol (2009) 174:1149-53. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.080958.
    • (2009) Am J Pathol , vol.174 , pp. 1149-1153
    • Watanabe, T.1    Nobusawa, S.2    Kleihues, P.3    Ohgaki, H.4
  • 26
    • 84862934329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deregulated signaling pathways in glioblastoma multiforme: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets
    • doi:10.3109/07357907.2011.630050
    • Mao H, Lebrun DG, Yang J, Zhu VF, Li M. Deregulated signaling pathways in glioblastoma multiforme: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Cancer Invest (2012) 30:48-56. doi:10.3109/07357907.2011.630050.
    • (2012) Cancer Invest , vol.30 , pp. 48-56
    • Mao, H.1    Lebrun, D.G.2    Yang, J.3    Zhu, V.F.4    Li, M.5
  • 27
    • 20144376240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiling and genetic markers in glioblastoma survival
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3936
    • Rich JN, Hans C, Jones B, Iversen ES, McLendon RE, Rasheed BK, et al. Gene expression profiling and genetic markers in glioblastoma survival. Cancer Res (2005) 65:4051-8. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3936.
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 4051-4058
    • Rich, J.N.1    Hans, C.2    Jones, B.3    Iversen, E.S.4    McLendon, R.E.5    Rasheed, B.K.6
  • 28
    • 34848824363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term survival with glioblastoma multiforme
    • doi:10.1093/brain/awm204
    • Krex D, Klink B, Hartmann C, von Deimling A, Pietsch T, Simon M, et al. Long-term survival with glioblastoma multiforme. Brain (2007) 130:2596-606. doi:10.1093/brain/awm204.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 2596-2606
    • Krex, D.1    Klink, B.2    Hartmann, C.3    von Deimling, A.4    Pietsch, T.5    Simon, M.6
  • 29
    • 33746136947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of mutant TP53 with alternative lengthening of telomeres and favorable prognosis in glioma
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0910
    • Chen Y-J, Hakin-Smith V, Teo M, Xinarianos GE, Jellinek DA, Carroll T, et al. Association of mutant TP53 with alternative lengthening of telomeres and favorable prognosis in glioma. Cancer Res (2006) 66:6473-6. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0910.
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 6473-6476
    • Chen, Y.-J.1    Hakin-Smith, V.2    Teo, M.3    Xinarianos, G.E.4    Jellinek, D.A.5    Carroll, T.6
  • 30
    • 0037426088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative lengthening of telomeres and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12681-5
    • Hakin-Smith V, Jellinek DA, Levy D, Carroll T, Teo M, Timperley WR, et al. Alternative lengthening of telomeres and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Lancet (2003) 361:836-8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12681-5.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 836-838
    • Hakin-Smith, V.1    Jellinek, D.A.2    Levy, D.3    Carroll, T.4    Teo, M.5    Timperley, W.R.6
  • 31
    • 84871020024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent ATRX mutations and loss of expression in adult diffuse astrocytic tumors carrying IDH1/IDH2 and TP53 mutations
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-012-1031-3
    • Liu X-Y, Gerges N, Korshunov A, Sabha N, Khuong-Quang D-A, Fontebasso AM, et al. Frequent ATRX mutations and loss of expression in adult diffuse astrocytic tumors carrying IDH1/IDH2 and TP53 mutations. Acta Neuropathol (2012) 124(5):615-25. doi:10.1007/s00401-012-1031-3.
    • (2012) Acta Neuropathol , vol.124 , Issue.5 , pp. 615-625
    • Liu, X.-Y.1    Gerges, N.2    Korshunov, A.3    Sabha, N.4    Khuong-Quang, D.-A.5    Fontebasso, A.M.6
  • 32
    • 84872788316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-exome sequencing identifies ATRX mutation as a key molecular determinant in lower-grade glioma
    • Kannan K, Inagaki A, Silber J, Gorovets D, Zhang J, Kastenhuber ER, et al. Whole-exome sequencing identifies ATRX mutation as a key molecular determinant in lower-grade glioma. Oncotarget (2012) 3:1194-203.
    • (2012) Oncotarget , vol.3 , pp. 1194-1203
    • Kannan, K.1    Inagaki, A.2    Silber, J.3    Gorovets, D.4    Zhang, J.5    Kastenhuber, E.R.6
  • 33
    • 79960619676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ATRX in chromatin structure and function: implications for chromosome instability and human disease
    • doi:10.1530/REP-10-0380
    • De La Fuente R, Baumann C, Viveiros MM. Role of ATRX in chromatin structure and function: implications for chromosome instability and human disease. Reproduction (2011) 142:221-34. doi:10.1530/REP-10-0380.
    • (2011) Reproduction , vol.142 , pp. 221-234
    • De La Fuente, R.1    Baumann, C.2    Viveiros, M.M.3
  • 34
    • 84876067164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.1303607110
    • Killela PJ, Reitman ZJ, Jiao Y, Bettegowda C, Agrawal N, Diaz LA, et al. TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013) 110:6021-6. doi:10.1073/pnas.1303607110.
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.110 , pp. 6021-6026
    • Killela, P.J.1    Reitman, Z.J.2    Jiao, Y.3    Bettegowda, C.4    Agrawal, N.5    Diaz, L.A.6
  • 35
    • 84881095932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulating mutations in the TERT promoter commonly occur in adult malignant gliomas and are strongly associated with total 1p19q loss
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1141-6
    • Arita H, Narita Y, Fukushima S, Tateishi K, Matsushita Y, Yoshida A, et al. Upregulating mutations in the TERT promoter commonly occur in adult malignant gliomas and are strongly associated with total 1p19q loss. Acta Neuropathol (2013) 126:267-76. doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1141-6.
    • (2013) Acta Neuropathol , vol.126 , pp. 267-276
    • Arita, H.1    Narita, Y.2    Fukushima, S.3    Tateishi, K.4    Matsushita, Y.5    Yoshida, A.6
  • 37
    • 80052713548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic profile of astrocytic and oligodendroglial gli- omas
    • doi:10.1007/s10014-011-0029-1
    • Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. Genetic profile of astrocytic and oligodendroglial gli- omas. Brain Tumor Pathol (2011) 28:177-83. doi:10.1007/s10014-011-0029-1.
    • (2011) Brain Tumor Pathol , vol.28 , pp. 177-183
    • Ohgaki, H.1    Kleihues, P.2
  • 38
    • 84892603397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TERT promoter mutations in primary and secondary glioblastomas
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1163-0
    • Nonoguchi N, Ohta T, Oh J-E, Kim Y-H, Kleihues P, Ohgaki H. TERT promoter mutations in primary and secondary glioblastomas. Acta Neuropathol (2013) 126(6):931-7. doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1163-0.
    • (2013) Acta Neuropathol , vol.126 , Issue.6 , pp. 931-937
    • Nonoguchi, N.1    Ohta, T.2    Oh, J.-E.3    Kim, Y.-H.4    Kleihues, P.5    Ohgaki, H.6
  • 39
    • 72049125350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer-associated IDH1 mutations produce 2-hydroxyglutarate
    • doi:10.1038/nature08617
    • Dang L, White DW, Gross S, Bennett BD, Bittinger MA, Driggers EM, et al. Cancer-associated IDH1 mutations produce 2-hydroxyglutarate. Nature (2009) 462:739-44. doi:10.1038/nature08617.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.462 , pp. 739-744
    • Dang, L.1    White, D.W.2    Gross, S.3    Bennett, B.D.4    Bittinger, M.A.5    Driggers, E.M.6
  • 40
    • 84858796262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDH mutation impairs histone demethylation and results in a block to cell differentiation
    • doi:10.1038/nature10860
    • Lu C, Ward PS, Kapoor GS, Rohle D, Turcan S, Abdel-Wahab O, et al. IDH mutation impairs histone demethylation and results in a block to cell differentiation. Nature (2012) 483:474-8. doi:10.1038/nature10860.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.483 , pp. 474-478
    • Lu, C.1    Ward, P.S.2    Kapoor, G.S.3    Rohle, D.4    Turcan, S.5    Abdel-Wahab, O.6
  • 41
    • 84860312386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the molecular understanding of glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-011-0793-0
    • Bleeker FE, Molenaar RJ, Leenstra S. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol (2012) 108:11-27. doi:10.1007/s11060-011-0793-0.
    • (2012) J Neurooncol , vol.108 , pp. 11-27
    • Bleeker, F.E.1    Molenaar, R.J.2    Leenstra, S.3
  • 42
    • 84858796263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDH1 mutation is sufficient to establish the glioma hypermethylator phenotype
    • doi:10.1038/nature10866
    • Turcan S, Rohle D, Goenka A, Walsh LA, Fang F, Yilmaz E, et al. IDH1 mutation is sufficient to establish the glioma hypermethylator phenotype. Nature (2012) 483:479-83. doi:10.1038/nature10866.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.483 , pp. 479-483
    • Turcan, S.1    Rohle, D.2    Goenka, A.3    Walsh, L.A.4    Fang, F.5    Yilmaz, E.6
  • 43
    • 84877136671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation is differentially associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in oligodendrogliomas and high-grade astrocytomas
    • doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182898113
    • Venneti S, Felicella MM, Coyne T, Phillips JJ, Gorovets D, Huse JT, et al. Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation is differentially associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in oligodendrogliomas and high-grade astrocytomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol (2013) 72:298-306. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182898113.
    • (2013) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 298-306
    • Venneti, S.1    Felicella, M.M.2    Coyne, T.3    Phillips, J.J.4    Gorovets, D.5    Huse, J.T.6
  • 44
    • 77952108366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a CpG island methylator phenotype that defines a distinct subgroup of glioma
    • doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.03.017
    • Noushmehr H, Weisenberger DJ, Diefes K, Phillips HS, Pujara K, Berman BP, et al. Identification of a CpG island methylator phenotype that defines a distinct subgroup of glioma. Cancer Cell (2010) 17:510-22. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.03.017.
    • (2010) Cancer Cell , vol.17 , pp. 510-522
    • Noushmehr, H.1    Weisenberger, D.J.2    Diefes, K.3    Phillips, H.S.4    Pujara, K.5    Berman, B.P.6
  • 45
    • 84890275818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the molecular classification of glioblastoma to inform personalized treatment
    • doi:10.1002/path.4282
    • Olar A, Aldape KD. Using the molecular classification of glioblastoma to inform personalized treatment. J Pathol (2014) 232:165-77. doi:10.1002/path.4282.
    • (2014) J Pathol , vol.232 , pp. 165-177
    • Olar, A.1    Aldape, K.D.2
  • 46
    • 84862776826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Hydroxyglutarate detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in IDH-mutated patients with gliomas
    • doi:10.1038/nm.2682
    • Choi C, Ganji SK, DeBerardinis RJ, Hatanpaa KJ, Rakheja D, Kovacs Z, et al. 2-Hydroxyglutarate detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in IDH-mutated patients with gliomas. Nat Med (2012) 18:624-9. doi:10.1038/nm.2682.
    • (2012) Nat Med , vol.18 , pp. 624-629
    • Choi, C.1    Ganji, S.K.2    DeBerardinis, R.J.3    Hatanpaa, K.J.4    Rakheja, D.5    Kovacs, Z.6
  • 47
    • 84877632013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inhibitor of mutant IDH1 delays growth and promotes differentiation of glioma cells
    • doi:10.1126/science.1236062
    • Rohle D, Popovici-Muller J, Palaskas N, Turcan S, Grommes C, Campos C, et al. An inhibitor of mutant IDH1 delays growth and promotes differentiation of glioma cells. Science (2013) 340:626-30. doi:10.1126/science.1236062.
    • (2013) Science , vol.340 , pp. 626-630
    • Rohle, D.1    Popovici-Muller, J.2    Palaskas, N.3    Turcan, S.4    Grommes, C.5    Campos, C.6
  • 48
    • 80054708001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the glioma epigenome: from molecular mechanisms to novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets
    • doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00536.x
    • Malzkorn B, Wolter M, Riemenschneider MJ, Reifenberger G. Unraveling the glioma epigenome: from molecular mechanisms to novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Brain Pathol (2011) 21:619-32. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00536.x.
    • (2011) Brain Pathol , vol.21 , pp. 619-632
    • Malzkorn, B.1    Wolter, M.2    Riemenschneider, M.J.3    Reifenberger, G.4
  • 49
    • 0028794564 scopus 로고
    • Structure, function, and inhibition of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase
    • doi:10.1016/S0079-6603(08)60879-X
    • Pegg AE, Dolan ME, Moschel RC. Structure, function, and inhibition of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol (1995) 51:167-223. doi:10.1016/S0079-6603(08)60879-X.
    • (1995) Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol , vol.51 , pp. 167-223
    • Pegg, A.E.1    Dolan, M.E.2    Moschel, R.C.3
  • 50
    • 0034626988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the DNA-repair gene MGMT and the clinical response of gliomas to alkylating agents
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM200011093431901
    • Esteller M, Garcia-Foncillas J, Andion E, Goodman SN, Hidalgo OF, Vanaclocha V, et al. Inactivation of the DNA-repair gene MGMT and the clinical response of gliomas to alkylating agents. N Engl J Med (2000) 343:1350-4. doi:10.1056/NEJM200011093431901.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1350-1354
    • Esteller, M.1    Garcia-Foncillas, J.2    Andion, E.3    Goodman, S.N.4    Hidalgo, O.F.5    Vanaclocha, V.6
  • 51
    • 20044372154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043331
    • Hegi ME, Diserens A-C, Gorlia T, Hamou M-F, de Tribolet N, Weller M, et al. MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. N Engl J Med (2005) 352:997-1003. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043331.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 997-1003
    • Hegi, M.E.1    Diserens, A.-C.2    Gorlia, T.3    Hamou, M.-F.4    de Tribolet, N.5    Weller, M.6
  • 52
    • 65349121788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial
    • doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7
    • Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, et al. Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol (2009) 10:459-66. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7.
    • (2009) Lancet Oncol , vol.10 , pp. 459-466
    • Stupp, R.1    Hegi, M.E.2    Mason, W.P.3    van den Bent, M.J.4    Taphoorn, M.J.5    Janzer, R.C.6
  • 53
    • 82955233990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic and predictive value of epigenetic silencing of MGMT in patients with high grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-011-0594-5
    • Olson RA, Brastianos PK, Palma DA. Prognostic and predictive value of epigenetic silencing of MGMT in patients with high grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurooncol (2011) 105:325-35. doi:10.1007/s11060-011-0594-5.
    • (2011) J Neurooncol , vol.105 , pp. 325-335
    • Olson, R.A.1    Brastianos, P.K.2    Palma, D.A.3
  • 54
    • 67649873216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent of MGMT promoter methylation correlates with outcome in glioblastomas given temozolomide and radiotherapy
    • doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605127
    • Dunn J, Baborie A, Alam F, Joyce K, Moxham M, Sibson R, et al. Extent of MGMT promoter methylation correlates with outcome in glioblastomas given temozolomide and radiotherapy. Br J Cancer (2009) 101:124-31. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605127.
    • (2009) Br J Cancer , vol.101 , pp. 124-131
    • Dunn, J.1    Baborie, A.2    Alam, F.3    Joyce, K.4    Moxham, M.5    Sibson, R.6
  • 55
    • 84863091424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temozolomide chemotherapy alone versus radiotherapy alone for malignant astrocytoma in the elderly: the NOA-08 randomised, phase 3 trial
    • doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70164-X
    • Wick W, Platten M, Meisner C, Felsberg J, Tabatabai G, Simon M, et al. Temozolomide chemotherapy alone versus radiotherapy alone for malignant astrocytoma in the elderly: the NOA-08 randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol (2012) 13:707-15. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70164-X.
    • (2012) Lancet Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 707-715
    • Wick, W.1    Platten, M.2    Meisner, C.3    Felsberg, J.4    Tabatabai, G.5    Simon, M.6
  • 56
    • 84865558322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temozolomide versus standard 6-week radiotherapy versus hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients older than 60 years with glioblastoma: the Nordic randomised, phase 3 trial
    • doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70265-6
    • Malmström A, Grønberg BH, Marosi C, Stupp R, Frappaz D, Schultz H, et al. Temozolomide versus standard 6-week radiotherapy versus hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients older than 60 years with glioblastoma: the Nordic randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol (2012) 13:916-26. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70265-6.
    • (2012) Lancet Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 916-926
    • Malmström, A.1    Grønberg, B.H.2    Marosi, C.3    Stupp, R.4    Frappaz, D.5    Schultz, H.6
  • 57
    • 84886445555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MGMT-STP27 methylation status as predictive marker for response to PCV in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytoma. A report from EORTC study 26951
    • doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-1157
    • van den Bent MJ, Erdem-Eraslan L, Idbaih A, de Rooi J, Eilers PH, Spliet WG, et al. MGMT-STP27 methylation status as predictive marker for response to PCV in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. A report from EORTC study 26951. Clin Cancer Res (2013) 19:5513-22. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-1157.
    • (2013) Clin Cancer Res , vol.19 , pp. 5513-5522
    • van den Bent, M.J.1    Erdem-Eraslan, L.2    Idbaih, A.3    de Rooi, J.4    Eilers, P.H.5    Spliet, W.G.6
  • 58
    • 84860344943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of microRNAs in glioma initiation and progression
    • doi:10.2741/3952
    • Zhang Y, Dutta A, Abounader R. The role of microRNAs in glioma initiation and progression. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) (2012) 17:700-12. doi:10.2741/3952.
    • (2012) Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) , vol.17 , pp. 700-712
    • Zhang, Y.1    Dutta, A.2    Abounader, R.3
  • 59
    • 67349247040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • miR-21 and 221 upregulation and miR-181b downregulation in human grade II-IV astrocytic tumors
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-009-9797-4
    • Conti A, Aguennouz M, La Torre D, Tomasello C, Cardali S, Angileri FF, et al. miR-21 and 221 upregulation and miR-181b downregulation in human grade II-IV astrocytic tumors. J Neurooncol (2009) 93:325-32. doi:10.1007/s11060-009-9797-4.
    • (2009) J Neurooncol , vol.93 , pp. 325-332
    • Conti, A.1    Aguennouz, M.2    La Torre, D.3    Tomasello, C.4    Cardali, S.5    Angileri, F.F.6
  • 60
    • 50249173450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNA 21 promotes glioma invasion by targeting matrix metalloproteinase regulators
    • doi:10.1128/MCB.00479-08
    • Gabriely G, Wurdinger T, Kesari S, Esau CC, Burchard J, Linsley PS, et al. MicroRNA 21 promotes glioma invasion by targeting matrix metalloproteinase regulators. Mol Cell Biol (2008) 28:5369-80. doi:10.1128/MCB.00479-08.
    • (2008) Mol Cell Biol , vol.28 , pp. 5369-5380
    • Gabriely, G.1    Wurdinger, T.2    Kesari, S.3    Esau, C.C.4    Burchard, J.5    Linsley, P.S.6
  • 62
    • 77954655739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNA-181 family predicts response to concomitant chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in glioblastoma patients
    • doi:10.4149/neo_2010_03_264
    • Slaby O, Lakomy R, Fadrus P, Hrstka R, Kren L, Lzicarova E, et al. MicroRNA-181 family predicts response to concomitant chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in glioblastoma patients. Neoplasma (2010) 57:264-9. doi:10.4149/neo_2010_03_264.
    • (2010) Neoplasma , vol.57 , pp. 264-269
    • Slaby, O.1    Lakomy, R.2    Fadrus, P.3    Hrstka, R.4    Kren, L.5    Lzicarova, E.6
  • 63
    • 84862192642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • miR-181d: a predictive glioblastoma biomarker that downregulates MGMT expression
    • doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos089
    • Zhang W, Zhang J, Hoadley K, Kushwaha D, Ramakrishnan V, Li S, et al. miR-181d: a predictive glioblastoma biomarker that downregulates MGMT expression. Neuro Oncol (2012) 14:712-9. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos089.
    • (2012) Neuro Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 712-719
    • Zhang, W.1    Zhang, J.2    Hoadley, K.3    Kushwaha, D.4    Ramakrishnan, V.5    Li, S.6
  • 64
    • 84886688520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In human glioblastomas transcript elongation by alternative polyadenylation and miRNA targeting is a potent mechanism of MGMT silencing
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1081-1
    • Kreth S, Limbeck E, Hinske LC, Schütz SV, Thon N, Hoefig K, et al. In human glioblastomas transcript elongation by alternative polyadenylation and miRNA targeting is a potent mechanism of MGMT silencing. Acta Neuropathol (2013) 125:671-81. doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1081-1.
    • (2013) Acta Neuropathol , vol.125 , pp. 671-681
    • Kreth, S.1    Limbeck, E.2    Hinske, L.C.3    Schütz, S.V.4    Thon, N.5    Hoefig, K.6
  • 65
    • 79955514336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A developmental taxonomy of glioblastoma defined and maintained by MicroRNAs
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4117
    • Kim T-M, Huang W, Park R, Park PJ, Johnson MD. A developmental taxonomy of glioblastoma defined and maintained by MicroRNAs. Cancer Res (2011) 71:3387-99. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4117.
    • (2011) Cancer Res , vol.71 , pp. 3387-3399
    • Kim, T.-M.1    Huang, W.2    Park, R.3    Park, P.J.4    Johnson, M.D.5
  • 66
    • 58149262943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gliomas with 1p/19q codeletion: a.k.a. oligodendroglioma
    • doi:10.1097/PPO.0b013e31818d8178
    • Cairncross G, Jenkins R. Gliomas with 1p/19q codeletion: a.k.a. oligodendroglioma. Cancer J (2008) 14:352-7. doi:10.1097/PPO.0b013e31818d8178.
    • (2008) Cancer J , vol.14 , pp. 352-357
    • Cairncross, G.1    Jenkins, R.2
  • 67
    • 0033951824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations of chromosome arms 1p and 19q as predictors of survival in oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas
    • Smith JS, Perry A, Borell TJ, Lee HK, O'Fallon J, Hosek SM, et al. Alterations of chromosome arms 1p and 19q as predictors of survival in oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas. J Clin Oncol (2000) 18:636-45.
    • (2000) J Clin Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 636-645
    • Smith, J.S.1    Perry, A.2    Borell, T.J.3    Lee, H.K.4    O'Fallon, J.5    Hosek, S.M.6
  • 68
    • 84868214940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (CT-RT) versus RT alone for patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term results of the RTOG 9402 phase III study
    • Cairncross JG, Wang M, Jenkins RB, Shaw EG, Giannini C, Brachman DG, et al. Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (CT-RT) versus RT alone for patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term results of the RTOG 9402 phase III study. J Clin Oncol (2012) 30:2008b.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30
    • Cairncross, J.G.1    Wang, M.2    Jenkins, R.B.3    Shaw, E.G.4    Giannini, C.5    Brachman, D.G.6
  • 69
    • 84873345824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term follow-up of EORTC brain tumor group study 26951
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.43.2229
    • van den Bent MJ, Brandes AA, Taphoorn MJ, Kros JM, Kouwenhoven MC, Delattre J-Y, et al. Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term follow-up of EORTC brain tumor group study 26951. J Clin Oncol (2012) 31(3):344-50. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.43.2229.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 344-350
    • van den Bent, M.J.1    Brandes, A.A.2    Taphoorn, M.J.3    Kros, J.M.4    Kouwenhoven, M.C.5    Delattre, J.-Y.6
  • 70
    • 80052608062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 contribute to human oligodendroglioma
    • doi:10.1126/science.1210557
    • Bettegowda C, Agrawal N, Jiao Y, Sausen M, Wood LD, Hruban RH, et al. Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 contribute to human oligodendroglioma. Science (2011) 333:1453-5. doi:10.1126/science.1210557.
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 1453-1455
    • Bettegowda, C.1    Agrawal, N.2    Jiao, Y.3    Sausen, M.4    Wood, L.D.5    Hruban, R.H.6
  • 71
    • 82755194965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent CIC mutations, IDH mutations, and 1p/19q loss distinguish oligodendrogliomas from other cancers
    • doi:10.1002/path.2995
    • Yip S, Butterfield YS, Morozova O, Chittaranjan S, Blough MD, An J, et al. Concurrent CIC mutations, IDH mutations, and 1p/19q loss distinguish oligodendrogliomas from other cancers. J Pathol (2012) 226:7-16. doi:10.1002/path.2995.
    • (2012) J Pathol , vol.226 , pp. 7-16
    • Yip, S.1    Butterfield, Y.S.2    Morozova, O.3    Chittaranjan, S.4    Blough, M.D.5    An, J.6
  • 72
    • 77953112103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative characterization of the interactions among c-myc transcriptional regulators FUSE, FBP, and FIR
    • doi:10.1021/bi9021445
    • Hsiao H-H, Nath A, Lin C-Y, Folta-Stogniew EJ, Rhoades E, Braddock DT. Quantitative characterization of the interactions among c-myc transcriptional regulators FUSE, FBP, and FIR. Biochemistry (2010) 49:4620-34. doi:10.1021/bi9021445.
    • (2010) Biochemistry , vol.49 , pp. 4620-4634
    • Hsiao, H.-H.1    Nath, A.2    Lin, C.-Y.3    Folta-Stogniew, E.J.4    Rhoades, E.5    Braddock, D.T.6
  • 73
    • 0036336980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EGFR signalling inhibits capicua-dependent repression during specification of Drosophila wing veins
    • Roch F, Jiménez G, Casanova J. EGFR signalling inhibits capicua-dependent repression during specification of Drosophila wing veins. Development (2002) 129:993-1002.
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 993-1002
    • Roch, F.1    Jiménez, G.2    Casanova, J.3
  • 75
    • 33748533494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation among pathology, genotype, and patient outcomes in glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000235118.75182.94
    • Homma T, Fukushima T, Vaccarella S, Yonekawa Y, Di Patre PL, Franceschi S, et al. Correlation among pathology, genotype, and patient outcomes in glioblastoma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol (2006) 65:846-54. doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000235118.75182.94.
    • (2006) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 846-854
    • Homma, T.1    Fukushima, T.2    Vaccarella, S.3    Yonekawa, Y.4    Di Patre, P.L.5    Franceschi, S.6
  • 76
    • 41149167213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1p36 is a preferential target of chromosome 1 deletions in astrocytic tumours and homozygously deleted in a subset of glioblastomas
    • doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210848
    • Ichimura K, Vogazianou AP, Liu L, Pearson DM, Bäcklund LM, Plant K, et al. 1p36 is a preferential target of chromosome 1 deletions in astrocytic tumours and homozygously deleted in a subset of glioblastomas. Oncogene (2008) 27:2097-108. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210848.
    • (2008) Oncogene , vol.27 , pp. 2097-2108
    • Ichimura, K.1    Vogazianou, A.P.2    Liu, L.3    Pearson, D.M.4    Bäcklund, L.M.5    Plant, K.6
  • 77
    • 0036828260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic aberrations defined by comparative genomic hybridization distinguish long-term from typical survivors of glioblastoma
    • Burton EC, Lamborn KR, Feuerstein BG, Prados M, Scott J, Forsyth P, et al. Genetic aberrations defined by comparative genomic hybridization distinguish long-term from typical survivors of glioblastoma. Cancer Res (2002) 62:6205-10.
    • (2002) Cancer Res , vol.62 , pp. 6205-6210
    • Burton, E.C.1    Lamborn, K.R.2    Feuerstein, B.G.3    Prados, M.4    Scott, J.5    Forsyth, P.6
  • 78
    • 55349125302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conspirators in a capital crime: co-deletion of p18INK4c and p16INK4a/p14ARF/p15INK4b in glioblastoma multiforme
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2084
    • Solomon DA, Kim J-S, Jean W, Waldman T. Conspirators in a capital crime: co-deletion of p18INK4c and p16INK4a/p14ARF/p15INK4b in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res (2008) 68:8657-60. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2084.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 8657-8660
    • Solomon, D.A.1    Kim, J.-S.2    Jean, W.3    Waldman, T.4
  • 79
    • 75049085593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of glioblastoma genomic amplifications and deletions
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-009-9959-4
    • Rao SK, Edwards J, Joshi AD, Siu I-M, Riggins GJ. A survey of glioblastoma genomic amplifications and deletions. J Neurooncol (2010) 96:169-79. doi:10.1007/s11060-009-9959-4.
    • (2010) J Neurooncol , vol.96 , pp. 169-179
    • Rao, S.K.1    Edwards, J.2    Joshi, A.D.3    Siu, I.-M.4    Riggins, G.J.5
  • 80
    • 73349103157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular predictors of progression-free and overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a prospective translational study of the German Glioma Network
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.23.0805
    • Weller M, Felsberg J, Hartmann C, Berger H, Steinbach JP, Schramm J, et al. Molecular predictors of progression-free and overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a prospective translational study of the German Glioma Network. J Clin Oncol (2009) 27:5743-50. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.23.0805.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 5743-5750
    • Weller, M.1    Felsberg, J.2    Hartmann, C.3    Berger, H.4    Steinbach, J.P.5    Schramm, J.6
  • 81
    • 84871827136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular diagnostics in paediatric glial tumours
    • doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70577-6
    • Kim J-H, Huse JT, Huang Y, Lyden D, Greenfield JP. Molecular diagnostics in paediatric glial tumours. Lancet Oncol (2013) 14:e19-27. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70577-6.
    • (2013) Lancet Oncol , vol.14
    • Kim, J.-H.1    Huse, J.T.2    Huang, Y.3    Lyden, D.4    Greenfield, J.P.5
  • 82
    • 84865805666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming fusions of FGFR and TACC genes in human glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1126/science.1220834
    • Singh D, Chan JM, Zoppoli P, Niola F, Sullivan R, Castano A, et al. Transforming fusions of FGFR and TACC genes in human glioblastoma. Science (2012) 337:1231-5. doi:10.1126/science.1220834.
    • (2012) Science , vol.337 , pp. 1231-1235
    • Singh, D.1    Chan, J.M.2    Zoppoli, P.3    Niola, F.4    Sullivan, R.5    Castano, A.6
  • 83
    • 84860120185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AZD4547: an orally bioavailable, potent, and selective inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3034
    • Gavine PR, Mooney L, Kilgour E, Thomas AP, Al-Kadhimi K, Beck S, et al. AZD4547: an orally bioavailable, potent, and selective inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family. Cancer Res (2012) 72:2045-56. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3034.
    • (2012) Cancer Res , vol.72 , pp. 2045-2056
    • Gavine, P.R.1    Mooney, L.2    Kilgour, E.3    Thomas, A.P.4    Al-Kadhimi, K.5    Beck, S.6
  • 84
    • 84871491773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FGFR genetic alterations predict for sensitivity to NVP-BGJ398, a selective pan-FGFR inhibitor
    • doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0210
    • Guagnano V, Kauffmann A, Wöhrle S, Stamm C, Ito M, Barys L, et al. FGFR genetic alterations predict for sensitivity to NVP-BGJ398, a selective pan-FGFR inhibitor. Cancer Discov (2012) 2:1118-33. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0210.
    • (2012) Cancer Discov , vol.2 , pp. 1118-1133
    • Guagnano, V.1    Kauffmann, A.2    Wöhrle, S.3    Stamm, C.4    Ito, M.5    Barys, L.6
  • 85
    • 84870065591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor receptor: a re-emerging target in glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328359b0bc
    • Hegi ME, Rajakannu P, Weller M. Epidermal growth factor receptor: a re-emerging target in glioblastoma. Curr Opin Neurol (2012) 25:774-9. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328359b0bc.
    • (2012) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.25 , pp. 774-779
    • Hegi, M.E.1    Rajakannu, P.2    Weller, M.3
  • 86
    • 84862181925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the EGFR-family for therapy: biological challenges and clinical perspective
    • doi:10.2174/138161212800626148
    • Patel R, Leung HY. Targeting the EGFR-family for therapy: biological challenges and clinical perspective. Curr Pharm Des (2012) 18:2672-9. doi:10.2174/138161212800626148.
    • (2012) Curr Pharm Des , vol.18 , pp. 2672-2679
    • Patel, R.1    Leung, H.Y.2
  • 87
    • 0034722889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EGF receptor family as targets for cancer therapy
    • doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204082
    • Mendelsohn J, Baselga J. The EGF receptor family as targets for cancer therapy. Oncogene (2000) 19:6550-65. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204082.
    • (2000) Oncogene , vol.19 , pp. 6550-6565
    • Mendelsohn, J.1    Baselga, J.2
  • 88
    • 35348822482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases affects the response of tumor cells to targeted therapies
    • doi:10.1126/science.1142946
    • Stommel JM, Kimmelman AC, Ying H, Nabioullin R, Ponugoti AH, Wiedemeyer R, et al. Coactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases affects the response of tumor cells to targeted therapies. Science (2007) 318:287-90. doi:10.1126/science.1142946.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 287-290
    • Stommel, J.M.1    Kimmelman, A.C.2    Ying, H.3    Nabioullin, R.4    Ponugoti, A.H.5    Wiedemeyer, R.6
  • 89
    • 84857130051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting EGFR for treatment of glioblastoma: molecular basis to overcome resistance
    • doi:10.2174/156800912799277557
    • Taylor TE, Furnari FB, Cavenee WK. Targeting EGFR for treatment of glioblastoma: molecular basis to overcome resistance. Curr Cancer Drug Targets (2012) 12:197-209. doi:10.2174/156800912799277557.
    • (2012) Curr Cancer Drug Targets , vol.12 , pp. 197-209
    • Taylor, T.E.1    Furnari, F.B.2    Cavenee, W.K.3
  • 90
    • 27744506881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular study of malignant gliomas treated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: tissue analysis from North American Brain Tumor Consortium Trials 01-03 and 00-01
    • doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0421
    • Lassman AB, Rossi MR, Raizer JJ, Razier JR, Abrey LE, Lieberman FS, et al. Molecular study of malignant gliomas treated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: tissue analysis from North American Brain Tumor Consortium Trials 01-03 and 00-01. Clin Cancer Res (2005) 11:7841-50. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0421.
    • (2005) Clin Cancer Res , vol.11 , pp. 7841-7850
    • Lassman, A.B.1    Rossi, M.R.2    Raizer, J.J.3    Razier, J.R.4    Abrey, L.E.5    Lieberman, F.S.6
  • 92
    • 52149096024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN signaling pathways in glioblastoma
    • doi:10.4161/cbt.7.9.6954
    • Koul D. PTEN signaling pathways in glioblastoma. Cancer Biol Ther (2008) 7:1321-5. doi:10.4161/cbt.7.9.6954.
    • (2008) Cancer Biol Ther , vol.7 , pp. 1321-1325
    • Koul, D.1
  • 93
    • 77950891445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phosphatase and tensin homolog regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor response by targeting EGFR for degradation
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0911188107
    • Vivanco I, Rohle D, Versele M, Iwanami A, Kuga D, Oldrini B, et al. The phosphatase and tensin homolog regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor response by targeting EGFR for degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2010) 107:6459-64. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911188107.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.107 , pp. 6459-6464
    • Vivanco, I.1    Rohle, D.2    Versele, M.3    Iwanami, A.4    Kuga, D.5    Oldrini, B.6
  • 94
    • 33748058820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition promotes response to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors in PTEN-deficient and PTEN-intact glioblastoma cells
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4392
    • Wang MY, Lu KV, Zhu S, Dia EQ, Vivanco I, Shackleford GM, et al. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition promotes response to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors in PTEN-deficient and PTEN-intact glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res (2006) 66:7864-9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4392.
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 7864-7869
    • Wang, M.Y.1    Lu, K.V.2    Zhu, S.3    Dia, E.Q.4    Vivanco, I.5    Shackleford, G.M.6
  • 95
    • 38849208347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor activity of rapamycin in a phase I trial for patients with recurrent PTEN-deficient glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050008
    • Cloughesy TF, Yoshimoto K, Nghiemphu P, Brown K, Dang J, Zhu S, et al. Antitumor activity of rapamycin in a phase I trial for patients with recurrent PTEN-deficient glioblastoma. PLoS Med (2008) 5:e8. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050008.
    • (2008) PLoS Med , vol.5
    • Cloughesy, T.F.1    Yoshimoto, K.2    Nghiemphu, P.3    Brown, K.4    Dang, J.5    Zhu, S.6
  • 96
    • 23944453425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II trial of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.23.622
    • Galanis E, Buckner JC, Maurer MJ, Kreisberg JI, Ballman K, Boni J, et al. Phase II trial of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study. J Clin Oncol (2005) 23:5294-304. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.23.622.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 5294-5304
    • Galanis, E.1    Buckner, J.C.2    Maurer, M.J.3    Kreisberg, J.I.4    Ballman, K.5    Boni, J.6
  • 97
    • 21444450373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor receptor, protein kinase B/Akt, and glioma response to erlotinib
    • doi:10.1093/jnci/dji161
    • Haas-Kogan DA, Prados MD, Tihan T, Eberhard DA, Jelluma N, Arvold ND, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor, protein kinase B/Akt, and glioma response to erlotinib. J Natl Cancer Inst (2005) 97:880-7. doi:10.1093/jnci/dji161.
    • (2005) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.97 , pp. 880-887
    • Haas-Kogan, D.A.1    Prados, M.D.2    Tihan, T.3    Eberhard, D.A.4    Jelluma, N.5    Arvold, N.D.6
  • 98
    • 62449150719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized phase II trial of erlotinib versus temozolomide or carmustine in recurrent glioblastoma: EORTC brain tumor group study 26034
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.17.5984
    • van den Bent MJ, Brandes AA, Rampling R, Kouwenhoven MC, Kros JM, Carpentier AF, et al. Randomized phase II trial of erlotinib versus temozolomide or carmustine in recurrent glioblastoma: EORTC brain tumor group study 26034. J Clin Oncol (2009) 27:1268-74. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.17.5984.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 1268-1274
    • van den Bent, M.J.1    Brandes, A.A.2    Rampling, R.3    Kouwenhoven, M.C.4    Kros, J.M.5    Carpentier, A.F.6
  • 99
    • 84900988877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01339052.
  • 100
    • 33750596946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PIK3CA gene mutations in pediatric and adult glioblastoma multiforme
    • doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-06-0172
    • Gallia GL, Rand V, Siu I-M, Eberhart CG, James CD, Marie SK, et al. PIK3CA gene mutations in pediatric and adult glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cancer Res (2006) 4:709-14. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-06-0172.
    • (2006) Mol Cancer Res , vol.4 , pp. 709-714
    • Gallia, G.L.1    Rand, V.2    Siu, I.-M.3    Eberhart, C.G.4    James, C.D.5    Marie, S.K.6
  • 101
    • 34548596728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual phosphoinositide-3-kinase alpha/mTOR inhibitor cooperates with blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor in PTEN-mutant glioma
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2154
    • Fan Q-W, Cheng CK, Nicolaides TP, Hackett CS, Knight ZA, Shokat KM, et al. A dual phosphoinositide-3-kinase alpha/mTOR inhibitor cooperates with blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor in PTEN-mutant glioma. Cancer Res (2007) 67:7960-5. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2154.
    • (2007) Cancer Res , vol.67 , pp. 7960-7965
    • Fan, Q.-W.1    Cheng, C.K.2    Nicolaides, T.P.3    Hackett, C.S.4    Knight, Z.A.5    Shokat, K.M.6
  • 102
    • 79952111297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the RTK-PI3K-mTOR axis in malignant glioma: overcoming resistance
    • doi:10.1007/82_2010_67
    • Fan Q-W, Weiss WA. Targeting the RTK-PI3K-mTOR axis in malignant glioma: overcoming resistance. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol (2010) 347:279-96. doi:10.1007/82_2010_67.
    • (2010) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.347 , pp. 279-296
    • Fan, Q.-W.1    Weiss, W.A.2
  • 103
    • 0142188691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
    • Shinojima N, Tada K, Shiraishi S, Kamiryo T, Kochi M, Nakamura H, et al. Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res (2003) 63:6962-70.
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 6962-6970
    • Shinojima, N.1    Tada, K.2    Shiraishi, S.3    Kamiryo, T.4    Kochi, M.5    Nakamura, H.6
  • 104
    • 0035880788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN mutation, EGFR amplification, and outcome in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme
    • doi:10.1093/jnci/93.16.1246
    • Smith JS, Tachibana I, Passe SM, Huntley BK, Borell TJ, Iturria N, et al. PTEN mutation, EGFR amplification, and outcome in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. J Natl Cancer Inst (2001) 93:1246-56. doi:10.1093/jnci/93.16.1246.
    • (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.93 , pp. 1246-1256
    • Smith, J.S.1    Tachibana, I.2    Passe, S.M.3    Huntley, B.K.4    Borell, T.J.5    Iturria, N.6
  • 105
    • 84863813631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical relationship between the degree of EGFR amplification and outcome in glioblastomas
    • doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182518e12
    • Hobbs J, Nikiforova MN, Fardo DW, Bortoluzzi S, Cieply K, Hamilton RL, et al. Paradoxical relationship between the degree of EGFR amplification and outcome in glioblastomas. Am J Surg Pathol (2012) 36:1186-93. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182518e12.
    • (2012) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.36 , pp. 1186-1193
    • Hobbs, J.1    Nikiforova, M.N.2    Fardo, D.W.3    Bortoluzzi, S.4    Cieply, K.5    Hamilton, R.L.6
  • 106
    • 33746046387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic associations of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt pathways in glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2202
    • Pelloski CE, Lin E, Zhang L, Yung WK, Colman H, Liu J-L, et al. Prognostic associations of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt pathways in glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res (2006) 12:3935-41. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2202.
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 3935-3941
    • Pelloski, C.E.1    Lin, E.2    Zhang, L.3    Yung, W.K.4    Colman, H.5    Liu, J.-L.6
  • 107
    • 0028237507 scopus 로고
    • Functional characterization of an EGF receptor with a truncated extracellular domain expressed in glioblastomas with EGFR gene amplification
    • Ekstrand AJ, Longo N, Hamid ML, Olson JJ, Liu L, Collins VP, et al. Functional characterization of an EGF receptor with a truncated extracellular domain expressed in glioblastomas with EGFR gene amplification. Oncogene (1994) 9:2313-20.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 2313-2320
    • Ekstrand, A.J.1    Longo, N.2    Hamid, M.L.3    Olson, J.J.4    Liu, L.5    Collins, V.P.6
  • 108
    • 14644412873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic effect of epidermal growth factor receptor and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma multiforme patients
    • doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1737
    • Heimberger AB, Hlatky R, Suki D, Yang D, Weinberg J, Gilbert M, et al. Prognostic effect of epidermal growth factor receptor and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Clin Cancer Res (2005) 11:1462-6. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1737.
    • (2005) Clin Cancer Res , vol.11 , pp. 1462-1466
    • Heimberger, A.B.1    Hlatky, R.2    Suki, D.3    Yang, D.4    Weinberg, J.5    Gilbert, M.6
  • 109
    • 37249066605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncovering therapeutic targets for glioblastoma: a systems biology approach
    • doi:10.4161/cc.6.22.4922
    • Huang PH, Cavenee WK, Furnari FB, White FM. Uncovering therapeutic targets for glioblastoma: a systems biology approach. Cell Cycle (2007) 6:2750-4. doi:10.4161/cc.6.22.4922.
    • (2007) Cell Cycle , vol.6 , pp. 2750-2754
    • Huang, P.H.1    Cavenee, W.K.2    Furnari, F.B.3    White, F.M.4
  • 110
    • 84860816141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic EGFR signaling activates an mTORC2-NF-κB pathway that promotes chemotherapy resistance
    • doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-11-0124
    • Tanaka K, Babic I, Nathanson D, Akhavan D, Guo D, Gini B, et al. Oncogenic EGFR signaling activates an mTORC2-NF-κB pathway that promotes chemotherapy resistance. Cancer Discov (2011) 1:524-38. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-11-0124.
    • (2011) Cancer Discov , vol.1 , pp. 524-538
    • Tanaka, K.1    Babic, I.2    Nathanson, D.3    Akhavan, D.4    Guo, D.5    Gini, B.6
  • 111
    • 27744606737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants of the response of glioblastomas to EGFR kinase inhibitors
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMoa051918
    • Mellinghoff IK, Wang MY, Vivanco I, Haas-Kogan DA, Zhu S, Dia EQ, et al. Molecular determinants of the response of glioblastomas to EGFR kinase inhibitors. N Engl J Med (2005) 353:2012-24. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa051918.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2012-2024
    • Mellinghoff, I.K.1    Wang, M.Y.2    Vivanco, I.3    Haas-Kogan, D.A.4    Zhu, S.5    Dia, E.Q.6
  • 112
    • 67651174457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EGFRvIII and c-Met pathway inhibitors synergize against PTEN-null/EGFRvIII+ glioblastoma xenografts
    • doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0188
    • Lal B, Goodwin CR, Sang Y, Foss CA, Cornet K, Muzamil S, et al. EGFRvIII and c-Met pathway inhibitors synergize against PTEN-null/EGFRvIII+ glioblastoma xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther (2009) 8:1751-60. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0188.
    • (2009) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.8 , pp. 1751-1760
    • Lal, B.1    Goodwin, C.R.2    Sang, Y.3    Foss, C.A.4    Cornet, K.5    Muzamil, S.6
  • 113
    • 67650688162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PEPvIII-KLH (CDX-110) vaccine in glioblastoma multiforme patients
    • doi:10.1517/14712590903124346
    • Heimberger AB, Sampson JH. The PEPvIII-KLH (CDX-110) vaccine in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Expert Opin Biol Ther (2009) 9:1087-98. doi:10.1517/14712590903124346.
    • (2009) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.9 , pp. 1087-1098
    • Heimberger, A.B.1    Sampson, J.H.2
  • 114
    • 84884996623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The integrated landscape of driver genomic alterations in glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1038/ng.2734
    • Frattini V, Trifonov V, Chan JM, Castano A, Lia M, Abate F, et al. The integrated landscape of driver genomic alterations in glioblastoma. Nat Genet (2013) 45:1141-9. doi:10.1038/ng.2734.
    • (2013) Nat Genet , vol.45 , pp. 1141-1149
    • Frattini, V.1    Trifonov, V.2    Chan, J.M.3    Castano, A.4    Lia, M.5    Abate, F.6
  • 115
    • 77957667714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDGFRA gene rearrangements are frequent genetic events in PDGFRA-amplified glioblastomas
    • doi:10.1101/gad.1972310
    • Ozawa T, Brennan CW, Wang L, Squatrito M, Sasayama T, Nakada M, et al. PDGFRA gene rearrangements are frequent genetic events in PDGFRA-amplified glioblastomas. Genes Dev (2010) 24:2205-18. doi:10.1101/gad.1972310.
    • (2010) Genes Dev , vol.24 , pp. 2205-2218
    • Ozawa, T.1    Brennan, C.W.2    Wang, L.3    Squatrito, M.4    Sasayama, T.5    Nakada, M.6
  • 116
    • 84857397985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratumoral heterogeneity of receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and PDGFRA amplification in glioblastoma defines subpopulations with distinct growth factor response
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.1114033109
    • Szerlip NJ, Pedraza A, Chakravarty D, Azim M, McGuire J, Fang Y, et al. Intratumoral heterogeneity of receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and PDGFRA amplification in glioblastoma defines subpopulations with distinct growth factor response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2012) 109:3041-6. doi:10.1073/pnas.1114033109.
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.109 , pp. 3041-3046
    • Szerlip, N.J.1    Pedraza, A.2    Chakravarty, D.3    Azim, M.4    McGuire, J.5    Fang, Y.6
  • 117
    • 84882247189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDGFRA amplification is common in pediatric and adult high-grade astrocytomas and identifies a poor prognostic group in IDH1 mutant glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1111/bpa.12043
    • Phillips JJ, Aranda D, Ellison DW, Judkins AR, Croul SE, Brat DJ, et al. PDGFRA amplification is common in pediatric and adult high-grade astrocytomas and identifies a poor prognostic group in IDH1 mutant glioblastoma. Brain Pathol (2013) 23(5):565-73. doi:10.1111/bpa.12043.
    • (2013) Brain Pathol , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 565-573
    • Phillips, J.J.1    Aranda, D.2    Ellison, D.W.3    Judkins, A.R.4    Croul, S.E.5    Brat, D.J.6
  • 118
    • 84868014068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, clinico-pathological value, and co-occurrence of PDGFRA abnormalities in diffuse gliomas
    • doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos217
    • Alentorn A, Marie Y, Carpentier C, Boisselier B, Giry M, Labussière M, et al. Prevalence, clinico-pathological value, and co-occurrence of PDGFRA abnormalities in diffuse gliomas. Neuro Oncol (2012) 14:1393-403. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos217.
    • (2012) Neuro Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 1393-1403
    • Alentorn, A.1    Marie, Y.2    Carpentier, C.3    Boisselier, B.4    Giry, M.5    Labussière, M.6
  • 119
    • 84871617507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for glioblastoma: no longer a dead end?
    • doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.204
    • Tanaka S, Louis DN, Curry WT, Batchelor TT, Dietrich J. Diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for glioblastoma: no longer a dead end? Nat Rev Clin Oncol (2013) 10:14-26. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.204.
    • (2013) Nat Rev Clin Oncol , vol.10 , pp. 14-26
    • Tanaka, S.1    Louis, D.N.2    Curry, W.T.3    Batchelor, T.T.4    Dietrich, J.5
  • 120
    • 49749122191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autocrine regulation of glioblastoma cell cycle progression, viability and radioresistance through the VEGF-VEGFR2 (KDR) interplay
    • doi:10.4161/cc.7.16.6442
    • Knizetova P, Ehrmann J, Hlobilkova A, Vancova I, Kalita O, Kolar Z, et al. Autocrine regulation of glioblastoma cell cycle progression, viability and radioresistance through the VEGF-VEGFR2 (KDR) interplay. Cell Cycle (2008) 7:2553-61. doi:10.4161/cc.7.16.6442.
    • (2008) Cell Cycle , vol.7 , pp. 2553-2561
    • Knizetova, P.1    Ehrmann, J.2    Hlobilkova, A.3    Vancova, I.4    Kalita, O.5    Kolar, Z.6
  • 121
    • 0033499079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in astrocytic gliomas-a prognostic factor?
    • doi:10.1023/A:1006333005563
    • Oehring RD, Miletic M, Valter MM, Pietsch T, Neumann J, Fimmers R, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in astrocytic gliomas-a prognostic factor? J Neurooncol (1999) 45:117-25. doi:10.1023/A:1006333005563.
    • (1999) J Neurooncol , vol.45 , pp. 117-125
    • Oehring, R.D.1    Miletic, M.2    Valter, M.M.3    Pietsch, T.4    Neumann, J.5    Fimmers, R.6
  • 122
    • 80053502219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VEGFR2 expression and TGF-β signaling in initial and recurrent high-grade human glioma
    • doi:10.1159/000332849
    • Kuczynski EA, Patten SG, Coomber BL. VEGFR2 expression and TGF-β signaling in initial and recurrent high-grade human glioma. Oncology (2011) 81:126-34. doi:10.1159/000332849.
    • (2011) Oncology , vol.81 , pp. 126-134
    • Kuczynski, E.A.1    Patten, S.G.2    Coomber, B.L.3
  • 123
    • 83455217896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bevacizumab in glioblastoma multiforme
    • doi:10.1586/era.11.179
    • Specenier P. Bevacizumab in glioblastoma multiforme. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther (2012) 12:9-18. doi:10.1586/era.11.179.
    • (2012) Expert Rev Anticancer Ther , vol.12 , pp. 9-18
    • Specenier, P.1
  • 124
    • 79958210803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AVAglio: phase 3 trial of bevacizumab plus temozolomide and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme
    • doi:10.1007/s12325-011-0007-3
    • Chinot OL, de La Motte Rouge T, Moore N, Zeaiter A, Das A, Phillips H, et al. AVAglio: phase 3 trial of bevacizumab plus temozolomide and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme. Adv Ther (2011) 28:334-40. doi:10.1007/s12325-011-0007-3.
    • (2011) Adv Ther , vol.28 , pp. 334-340
    • Chinot, O.L.1    de La Motte Rouge, T.2    Moore, N.3    Zeaiter, A.4    Das, A.5    Phillips, H.6
  • 125
    • 84880660554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RTOG 0825: phase III double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating bevacizumab (Bev) in patients (Pts) with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM)
    • Gilbert MR, Dignam J, Won M, Blumenthal DT, Vogelbaum MA, Aldape KD, et al. RTOG 0825: phase III double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating bevacizumab (Bev) in patients (Pts) with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). J Clin Oncol (2013) 31:2013.
    • (2013) J Clin Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 2013
    • Gilbert, M.R.1    Dignam, J.2    Won, M.3    Blumenthal, D.T.4    Vogelbaum, M.A.5    Aldape, K.D.6
  • 126
    • 84880683534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor response based on adapted Macdonald criteria and assessment of pseudoprogression (PsPD) in the phase III AVAglio trial of bevacizumab (Bv) plus temozolomide (T) plus radiotherapy (RT) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM)
    • Wick W, Cloughesy TF, Nishikawa R, Mason W, Saran F, Henriksson R, et al. Tumor response based on adapted Macdonald criteria and assessment of pseudoprogression (PsPD) in the phase III AVAglio trial of bevacizumab (Bv) plus temozolomide (T) plus radiotherapy (RT) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). J Clin Oncol (2013) 4:11.
    • (2013) J Clin Oncol , vol.4 , pp. 11
    • Wick, W.1    Cloughesy, T.F.2    Nishikawa, R.3    Mason, W.4    Saran, F.5    Henriksson, R.6
  • 127
    • 84880663605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiogenesis inhibition for glioblastoma at the edge: beyond AVAGlio and RTOG 0825
    • doi:10.1093/neuonc/not106
    • Weller M, Yung WK. Angiogenesis inhibition for glioblastoma at the edge: beyond AVAGlio and RTOG 0825. Neuro Oncol (2013) 15:971. doi:10.1093/neuonc/not106.
    • (2013) Neuro Oncol , vol.15 , pp. 971
    • Weller, M.1    Yung, W.K.2
  • 128
    • 84876325620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bevacizumab in high-grade gliomas: a review of its uses, toxicity assessment, and future treatment challenges
    • doi:10.2147/OTT.S38628
    • Rahmathulla G, Hovey EJ, Hashemi-Sadraei N, Ahluwalia MS. Bevacizumab in high-grade gliomas: a review of its uses, toxicity assessment, and future treatment challenges. Onco Targets Ther (2013) 6:371-89. doi:10.2147/OTT.S38628.
    • (2013) Onco Targets Ther , vol.6 , pp. 371-389
    • Rahmathulla, G.1    Hovey, E.J.2    Hashemi-Sadraei, N.3    Ahluwalia, M.S.4
  • 129
    • 84900988878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US National Library of Medicine. Clinicaltrials.gov
    • US National Library of Medicine. Clinicaltrials.gov (2012). Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00329719?term=nct00329719&rank=1.
    • (2012)
  • 130
    • 84900988879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US National Library of Medicine. Clinicaltrails.gov
    • US National Library of Medicine. Clinicaltrails.gov (2012). Available from: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00734526?term=nct00734526&rank=1.
    • (2012)
  • 131
    • 33749238553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and development of sorafenib: a multikinase inhibitor for treating cancer
    • doi:10.1038/nrd2130
    • Wilhelm S, Carter C, Lynch M, Lowinger T, Dumas J, Smith RA, et al. Discovery and development of sorafenib: a multikinase inhibitor for treating cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov (2006) 5:835-44. doi:10.1038/nrd2130.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.5 , pp. 835-844
    • Wilhelm, S.1    Carter, C.2    Lynch, M.3    Lowinger, T.4    Dumas, J.5    Smith, R.A.6
  • 132
    • 84869188311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I/II study of sorafenib in combination with temsirolimus for recurrent glioblastoma or gliosarcoma: North American Brain Tumor Consortium study 05-02
    • doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos264
    • Lee EQ, Kuhn J, Lamborn KR, Abrey L, DeAngelis LM, Lieberman F, et al. Phase I/II study of sorafenib in combination with temsirolimus for recurrent glioblastoma or gliosarcoma: North American Brain Tumor Consortium study 05-02. Neuro Oncol (2012) 14:1511-8. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos264.
    • (2012) Neuro Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 1511-1518
    • Lee, E.Q.1    Kuhn, J.2    Lamborn, K.R.3    Abrey, L.4    DeAngelis, L.M.5    Lieberman, F.6
  • 133
    • 79959795987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of sunitinib malate in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-010-0402-7
    • Neyns B, Sadones J, Chaskis C, Dujardin M, Everaert H, Lv S, et al. Phase II study of sunitinib malate in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. J Neurooncol (2011) 103:491-501. doi:10.1007/s11060-010-0402-7.
    • (2011) J Neurooncol , vol.103 , pp. 491-501
    • Neyns, B.1    Sadones, J.2    Chaskis, C.3    Dujardin, M.4    Everaert, H.5    Lv, S.6
  • 134
    • 84866364645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective phase II single-institution trial of sunitinib for recurrent malignant glioma
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-012-0943-z
    • Pan E, Yu D, Yue B, Potthast L, Chowdhary S, Smith P, et al. A prospective phase II single-institution trial of sunitinib for recurrent malignant glioma. J Neurooncol (2012) 110:111-8. doi:10.1007/s11060-012-0943-z.
    • (2012) J Neurooncol , vol.110 , pp. 111-118
    • Pan, E.1    Yu, D.2    Yue, B.3    Potthast, L.4    Chowdhary, S.5    Smith, P.6
  • 135
    • 84871816644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous daily sunitinib for recurrent glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-012-0988-z
    • Kreisl TN, Smith P, Sul J, Salgado C, Iwamoto FM, Shih JH, et al. Continuous daily sunitinib for recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol (2013) 111:41-8. doi:10.1007/s11060-012-0988-z.
    • (2013) J Neurooncol , vol.111 , pp. 41-48
    • Kreisl, T.N.1    Smith, P.2    Sul, J.3    Salgado, C.4    Iwamoto, F.M.5    Shih, J.H.6
  • 136
    • 84874469720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin remodeling defects in pediatric and young adult glioblastoma: a tale of a variant histone 3 tail
    • doi:10.1111/bpa.12023
    • Fontebasso AM, Liu X-Y, Sturm D, Jabado N. Chromatin remodeling defects in pediatric and young adult glioblastoma: a tale of a variant histone 3 tail. Brain Pathol (2013) 23:210-6. doi:10.1111/bpa.12023.
    • (2013) Brain Pathol , vol.23 , pp. 210-216
    • Fontebasso, A.M.1    Liu, X.-Y.2    Sturm, D.3    Jabado, N.4
  • 138
    • 77956062717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt activation is a common event in pediatric malignant gliomas and a potential adverse prognostic marker: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-010-0297-3
    • Pollack IF, Hamilton RL, Burger PC, Brat DJ, Rosenblum MK, Murdoch GH, et al. Akt activation is a common event in pediatric malignant gliomas and a potential adverse prognostic marker: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Neurooncol (2010) 99:155-63. doi:10.1007/s11060-010-0297-3.
    • (2010) J Neurooncol , vol.99 , pp. 155-163
    • Pollack, I.F.1    Hamilton, R.L.2    Burger, P.C.3    Brat, D.J.4    Rosenblum, M.K.5    Murdoch, G.H.6
  • 139
    • 33845667568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rarity of PTEN deletions and EGFR amplification in malignant gliomas of childhood: results from the Children's Cancer Group 945 cohort
    • Pollack IF, Hamilton RL, James CD, Finkelstein SD, Burnham J, Yates AJ, et al. Rarity of PTEN deletions and EGFR amplification in malignant gliomas of childhood: results from the Children's Cancer Group 945 cohort. J Neurosurg (2006) 105:418-24.
    • (2006) J Neurosurg , vol.105 , pp. 418-424
    • Pollack, I.F.1    Hamilton, R.L.2    James, C.D.3    Finkelstein, S.D.4    Burnham, J.5    Yates, A.J.6
  • 140
    • 78951489314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDH1 mutations are common in malignant gliomas arising in adolescents: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
    • doi:10.1007/s00381-010-1264-1
    • Pollack IF, Hamilton RL, Sobol RW, Nikiforova MN, Lyons-Weiler MA, LaFramboise WA, et al. IDH1 mutations are common in malignant gliomas arising in adolescents: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Childs Nerv Syst (2011) 27:87-94. doi:10.1007/s00381-010-1264-1.
    • (2011) Childs Nerv Syst , vol.27 , pp. 87-94
    • Pollack, I.F.1    Hamilton, R.L.2    Sobol, R.W.3    Nikiforova, M.N.4    Lyons-Weiler, M.A.5    LaFramboise, W.A.6
  • 141
    • 84862777410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic histone H3 alterations in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and non-brainstem glioblastomas
    • doi:10.1038/ng.1102
    • Wu G, Broniscer A, McEachron TA, Lu C, Paugh BS, Becksfort J, et al. Somatic histone H3 alterations in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and non-brainstem glioblastomas. Nat Genet (2012) 44:251-3. doi:10.1038/ng.1102.
    • (2012) Nat Genet , vol.44 , pp. 251-253
    • Wu, G.1    Broniscer, A.2    McEachron, T.A.3    Lu, C.4    Paugh, B.S.5    Becksfort, J.6
  • 142
    • 84862777348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodelling genes in paediatric glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1038/nature10833
    • Schwartzentruber J, Korshunov A, Liu X-Y, Jones DT, Pfaff E, Jacob K, et al. Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodelling genes in paediatric glioblastoma. Nature (2012) 482:226-31. doi:10.1038/nature10833.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.482 , pp. 226-231
    • Schwartzentruber, J.1    Korshunov, A.2    Liu, X.-Y.3    Jones, D.T.4    Pfaff, E.5    Jacob, K.6
  • 143
    • 0028826921 scopus 로고
    • Changes in core histone variant composition in differentiating neurons: the roles of differential turnover and synthesis rates
    • Bosch A, Suau P. Changes in core histone variant composition in differentiating neurons: the roles of differential turnover and synthesis rates. Eur J Cell Biol (1995) 68:220-5.
    • (1995) Eur J Cell Biol , vol.68 , pp. 220-225
    • Bosch, A.1    Suau, P.2
  • 144
    • 84867606428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hotspot mutations in H3F3A and IDH1 define distinct epigenetic and biological subgroups of glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.024
    • Sturm D, Witt H, Hovestadt V, Khuong-Quang D-A, Jones DT, Konermann C, et al. Hotspot mutations in H3F3A and IDH1 define distinct epigenetic and biological subgroups of glioblastoma. Cancer Cell (2012) 22:425-37. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.024.
    • (2012) Cancer Cell , vol.22 , pp. 425-437
    • Sturm, D.1    Witt, H.2    Hovestadt, V.3    Khuong-Quang, D.-A.4    Jones, D.T.5    Konermann, C.6
  • 145
    • 84865863019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0998-0
    • Khuong-Quang D-A, Buczkowicz P, Rakopoulos P, Liu X-Y, Fontebasso AM, Bouffet E, et al. K27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Acta Neuropathol (2012) 124:439-47. doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0998-0.
    • (2012) Acta Neuropathol , vol.124 , pp. 439-447
    • Khuong-Quang, D.-A.1    Buczkowicz, P.2    Rakopoulos, P.3    Liu, X.-Y.4    Fontebasso, A.M.5    Bouffet, E.6
  • 146
    • 84886712846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in SETD2 and genes affecting histone H3K36 methylation target hemispheric high-grade gliomas
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1095-8
    • Fontebasso AM, Schwartzentruber J, Khuong-Quang D-A, Liu X-Y, Sturm D, Korshunov A, et al. Mutations in SETD2 and genes affecting histone H3K36 methylation target hemispheric high-grade gliomas. Acta Neuropathol (2013) 125:659-69. doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1095-8.
    • (2013) Acta Neuropathol , vol.125 , pp. 659-669
    • Fontebasso, A.M.1    Schwartzentruber, J.2    Khuong-Quang, D.-A.3    Liu, X.-Y.4    Sturm, D.5    Korshunov, A.6
  • 147
    • 70349469565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of polycomb gene silencing: knowns and unknowns
    • doi:10.1038/nrm2763
    • Simon JA, Kingston RE. Mechanisms of polycomb gene silencing: knowns and unknowns. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2009) 10:697-708. doi:10.1038/nrm2763.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.10 , pp. 697-708
    • Simon, J.A.1    Kingston, R.E.2
  • 148
    • 78650304236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charting histone modifications and the functional organization of mammalian genomes
    • doi:10.1038/nrg2905
    • Zhou VW, Goren A, Bernstein BE. Charting histone modifications and the functional organization of mammalian genomes. Nat Rev Genet (2011) 12:7-18. doi:10.1038/nrg2905.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Genet , vol.12 , pp. 7-18
    • Zhou, V.W.1    Goren, A.2    Bernstein, B.E.3
  • 149
    • 84858603551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tell-tail sign of chromatin: histone mutations drive pediatric glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.001
    • Rheinbay E, Louis DN, Bernstein BE, Suvà ML. A tell-tail sign of chromatin: histone mutations drive pediatric glioblastoma. Cancer Cell (2012) 21:329-31. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.001.
    • (2012) Cancer Cell , vol.21 , pp. 329-331
    • Rheinbay, E.1    Louis, D.N.2    Bernstein, B.E.3    Suvà, M.L.4
  • 150
    • 67449094279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric gliomas
    • doi:10.1007/978-3-540-31206-2_4
    • Pfister S, Witt O. Pediatric gliomas. Recent Results Cancer Res (2009) 171:67-81. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-31206-2_4.
    • (2009) Recent Results Cancer Res , vol.171 , pp. 67-81
    • Pfister, S.1    Witt, O.2
  • 151
    • 20344407807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based studies on incidence, survival rates, and genetic alterations in astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas
    • Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. Population-based studies on incidence, survival rates, and genetic alterations in astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol (2005) 64:479-89.
    • (2005) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 479-489
    • Ohgaki, H.1    Kleihues, P.2
  • 152
    • 79951823622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and long-term health and cognitive outcomes after low-grade glioma
    • doi:10.1093/neuonc/noq178
    • Armstrong GT, Conklin HM, Huang S, Srivastava D, Sanford R, Ellison DW, et al. Survival and long-term health and cognitive outcomes after low-grade glioma. Neuro Oncol (2011) 13:223-34. doi:10.1093/neuonc/noq178.
    • (2011) Neuro Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 223-234
    • Armstrong, G.T.1    Conklin, H.M.2    Huang, S.3    Srivastava, D.4    Sanford, R.5    Ellison, D.W.6
  • 153
    • 55349107544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tandem duplication producing a novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene defines the majority of pilocytic astrocytomas
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2097
    • Jones DT, Kocialkowski S, Liu L, Pearson DM, Bäcklund LM, Ichimura K, et al. Tandem duplication producing a novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene defines the majority of pilocytic astrocytomas. Cancer Res (2008) 68:8673-7. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2097.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 8673-8677
    • Jones, D.T.1    Kocialkowski, S.2    Liu, L.3    Pearson, D.M.4    Bäcklund, L.M.5    Ichimura, K.6
  • 154
    • 84862900240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma
    • doi:10.1007/s00018-011-0898-9
    • Jones DT, Gronych J, Lichter P, Witt O, Pfister SM. MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma. Cell Mol Life Sci (2012) 69:1799-811. doi:10.1007/s00018-011-0898-9.
    • (2012) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.69 , pp. 1799-1811
    • Jones, D.T.1    Gronych, J.2    Lichter, P.3    Witt, O.4    Pfister, S.M.5
  • 155
    • 79953328752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAF gene fusion breakpoints in pediatric brain tumors are characterized by significant enrichment of sequence microhomology
    • doi:10.1101/gr.115782.110
    • Lawson AR, Hindley GF, Forshew T, Tatevossian RG, Jamie GA, Kelly GP, et al. RAF gene fusion breakpoints in pediatric brain tumors are characterized by significant enrichment of sequence microhomology. Genome Res (2011) 21:505-14. doi:10.1101/gr.115782.110.
    • (2011) Genome Res , vol.21 , pp. 505-514
    • Lawson, A.R.1    Hindley, G.F.2    Forshew, T.3    Tatevossian, R.G.4    Jamie, G.A.5    Kelly, G.P.6
  • 156
    • 79960388615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF-KIAA1549 fusion predicts better clinical outcome in pediatric low-grade astrocytoma
    • doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0034
    • Hawkins C, Walker E, Mohamed N, Zhang C, Jacob K, Shirinian M, et al. BRAF-KIAA1549 fusion predicts better clinical outcome in pediatric low-grade astrocytoma. Clin Cancer Res (2011) 17:4790-8. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0034.
    • (2011) Clin Cancer Res , vol.17 , pp. 4790-4798
    • Hawkins, C.1    Walker, E.2    Mohamed, N.3    Zhang, C.4    Jacob, K.5    Shirinian, M.6
  • 157
    • 84655167688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF alterations in primary glial and glioneuronal neoplasms of the central nervous system with identification of 2 novel KIAA1549:BRAF fusion variants
    • doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e31823f2cb0
    • Lin A, Rodriguez FJ, Karajannis MA, Williams SC, Legault G, Zagzag D, et al. BRAF alterations in primary glial and glioneuronal neoplasms of the central nervous system with identification of 2 novel KIAA1549:BRAF fusion variants. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol (2012) 71:66-72. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e31823f2cb0.
    • (2012) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.71 , pp. 66-72
    • Lin, A.1    Rodriguez, F.J.2    Karajannis, M.A.3    Williams, S.C.4    Legault, G.5    Zagzag, D.6
  • 158
    • 84867574186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KIAA1549-BRAF fusions and IDH mutations can coexist in diffuse gliomas of adults
    • doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00603.x
    • Badiali M, Gleize V, Paris S, Moi L, Elhouadani S, Arcella A, et al. KIAA1549-BRAF fusions and IDH mutations can coexist in diffuse gliomas of adults. Brain Pathol (2012) 22(6):841-7. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00603.x.
    • (2012) Brain Pathol , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 841-847
    • Badiali, M.1    Gleize, V.2    Paris, S.3    Moi, L.4    Elhouadani, S.5    Arcella, A.6
  • 159
    • 84880983541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma
    • doi:10.1038/ng.2682
    • Jones DT, Hutter B, Jäger N, Korshunov A, Kool M, Warnatz H-J, et al. Recurrent somatic alterations of FGFR1 and NTRK2 in pilocytic astrocytoma. Nat Genet (2013) 45:927-32. doi:10.1038/ng.2682.
    • (2013) Nat Genet , vol.45 , pp. 927-932
    • Jones, D.T.1    Hutter, B.2    Jäger, N.3    Korshunov, A.4    Kool, M.5    Warnatz, H.-J.6
  • 160
    • 84876040346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical activation and RAF inhibitor resistance of BRAF protein kinase fusions characterizing pediatric astrocytomas
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.1219232110
    • Sievert AJ, Lang S-S, Boucher KL, Madsen PJ, Slaunwhite E, Choudhari N, et al. Paradoxical activation and RAF inhibitor resistance of BRAF protein kinase fusions characterizing pediatric astrocytomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2013) 110:5957-62. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219232110.
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.110 , pp. 5957-5962
    • Sievert, A.J.1    Lang, S.-S.2    Boucher, K.L.3    Madsen, P.J.4    Slaunwhite, E.5    Choudhari, N.6
  • 161
    • 84876048479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors as a cancer treatment: from a biologic rationale to medical perspectives
    • doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0362
    • Dieci MV, Arnedos M, Andre F, Soria JC. Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors as a cancer treatment: from a biologic rationale to medical perspectives. Cancer Discov (2013) 3:264-79. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0362.
    • (2013) Cancer Discov , vol.3 , pp. 264-279
    • Dieci, M.V.1    Arnedos, M.2    Andre, F.3    Soria, J.C.4
  • 162
    • 84858227014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAS/RAF/MEK inhibitors in oncology
    • doi:10.2174/092986712799320510
    • Rusconi P, Caiola E, Broggini M. RAS/RAF/MEK inhibitors in oncology. Curr Med Chem (2012) 19:1164-76. doi:10.2174/092986712799320510.
    • (2012) Curr Med Chem , vol.19 , pp. 1164-1176
    • Rusconi, P.1    Caiola, E.2    Broggini, M.3
  • 163
    • 68749098096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duplication of 7q34 is specific to juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and a hallmark of cerebellar and optic pathway tumours
    • doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605179
    • Jacob K, Albrecht S, Sollier C, Faury D, Sader E, Montpetit A, et al. Duplication of 7q34 is specific to juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and a hallmark of cerebellar and optic pathway tumours. Br J Cancer (2009) 101:722-33. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605179.
    • (2009) Br J Cancer , vol.101 , pp. 722-733
    • Jacob, K.1    Albrecht, S.2    Sollier, C.3    Faury, D.4    Sader, E.5    Montpetit, A.6
  • 164
    • 80055084211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF-KIAA1549 fusion transcripts are less frequent in pilocytic astrocytomas diagnosed in adults
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01193.x
    • Hasselblatt M, Riesmeier B, Lechtape B, Brentrup A, Stummer W, Albert FK, et al. BRAF-KIAA1549 fusion transcripts are less frequent in pilocytic astrocytomas diagnosed in adults. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol (2011) 37:803-6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01193.x.
    • (2011) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.37 , pp. 803-806
    • Hasselblatt, M.1    Riesmeier, B.2    Lechtape, B.3    Brentrup, A.4    Stummer, W.5    Albert, F.K.6
  • 165
    • 84862193195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interplay among BRAF, p16, p53, and MIB1 in pediatric low-grade gliomas
    • doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos077
    • Horbinski C, Nikiforova MN, Hagenkord JM, Hamilton RL, Pollack IF. Interplay among BRAF, p16, p53, and MIB1 in pediatric low-grade gliomas. Neuro Oncol (2012) 14:777-89. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos077.
    • (2012) Neuro Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 777-789
    • Horbinski, C.1    Nikiforova, M.N.2    Hagenkord, J.M.3    Hamilton, R.L.4    Pollack, I.F.5
  • 167
    • 84871995861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To BRAF or not to BRAF: is that even a question anymore?
    • doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e318279f3db
    • Horbinski C. To BRAF or not to BRAF: is that even a question anymore? J Neuropathol Exp Neurol (2013) 72:2-7. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e318279f3db.
    • (2013) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 2-7
    • Horbinski, C.1
  • 168
    • 79953184268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF V600E mutations are common in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017948
    • Dias-Santagata D, Lam Q, Vernovsky K, Vena N, Lennerz JK, Borger DR, et al. BRAF V600E mutations are common in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. PLoS One (2011) 6:e17948. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017948.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Dias-Santagata, D.1    Lam, Q.2    Vernovsky, K.3    Vena, N.4    Lennerz, J.K.5    Borger, D.R.6
  • 169
    • 79959580390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of BRAF V600E mutation status by immunohistochemistry with a mutation-specific monoclonal antibody
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0841-z
    • Capper D, Preusser M, Habel A, Sahm F, Ackermann U, Schindler G, et al. Assessment of BRAF V600E mutation status by immunohistochemistry with a mutation-specific monoclonal antibody. Acta Neuropathol (2011) 122:11-9. doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0841-z.
    • (2011) Acta Neuropathol , vol.122 , pp. 11-19
    • Capper, D.1    Preusser, M.2    Habel, A.3    Sahm, F.4    Ackermann, U.5    Schindler, G.6
  • 170
    • 84885059781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salvage therapy with BRAF inhibitors for recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: a retrospective case series
    • doi:10.1007/s11060-013-1176-5
    • Chamberlain MC. Salvage therapy with BRAF inhibitors for recurrent pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: a retrospective case series. J Neurooncol (2013) 114:237-40. doi:10.1007/s11060-013-1176-5.
    • (2013) J Neurooncol , vol.114 , pp. 237-240
    • Chamberlain, M.C.1
  • 171
    • 79954441895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of BRAF V600E mutation in 1,320 nervous system tumors reveals high mutation frequencies in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma and extra-cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0802-6
    • Schindler G, Capper D, Meyer J, Janzarik W, Omran H, Herold-Mende C, et al. Analysis of BRAF V600E mutation in 1,320 nervous system tumors reveals high mutation frequencies in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma and extra-cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma. Acta Neuropathol (2011) 121:397-405. doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0802-6.
    • (2011) Acta Neuropathol , vol.121 , pp. 397-405
    • Schindler, G.1    Capper, D.2    Meyer, J.3    Janzarik, W.4    Omran, H.5    Herold-Mende, C.6
  • 172
    • 84878608078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutant BRAF V600E protein in ganglioglioma is predominantly expressed by neuronal tumor cells
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1100-2
    • Koelsche C, Wöhrer A, Jeibmann A, Schittenhelm J, Schindler G, Preusser M, et al. Mutant BRAF V600E protein in ganglioglioma is predominantly expressed by neuronal tumor cells. Acta Neuropathol (2013) 125:891-900. doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1100-2.
    • (2013) Acta Neuropathol , vol.125 , pp. 891-900
    • Koelsche, C.1    Wöhrer, A.2    Jeibmann, A.3    Schittenhelm, J.4    Schindler, G.5    Preusser, M.6
  • 173
    • 84878545588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF(V600E) mutation is a negative prognosticator in pediatric ganglioglioma
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1120-y
    • Dahiya S, Haydon DH, Alvarado D, Gurnett CA, Gutmann DH, Leonard JR. BRAF(V600E) mutation is a negative prognosticator in pediatric ganglioglioma. Acta Neuropathol (2013) 125:901-10. doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1120-y.
    • (2013) Acta Neuropathol , vol.125 , pp. 901-910
    • Dahiya, S.1    Haydon, D.H.2    Alvarado, D.3    Gurnett, C.A.4    Gutmann, D.H.5    Leonard, J.R.6
  • 175
    • 84857830005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and functional validation of CDH11, PCSK6 and SH3GL3 as novel glioma invasion-associated candidate genes
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01207.x
    • Delic S, Lottmann N, Jetschke K, Reifenberger G, Riemenschneider MJ. Identification and functional validation of CDH11, PCSK6 and SH3GL3 as novel glioma invasion-associated candidate genes. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol (2012) 38:201-12. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01207.x.
    • (2012) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.38 , pp. 201-212
    • Delic, S.1    Lottmann, N.2    Jetschke, K.3    Reifenberger, G.4    Riemenschneider, M.J.5
  • 176
    • 83455176258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mosaic amplification of multiple receptor tyrosine kinase genes in glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.11.005
    • Snuderl M, Fazlollahi L, Le LP, Nitta M, Zhelyazkova BH, Davidson CJ, et al. Mosaic amplification of multiple receptor tyrosine kinase genes in glioblastoma. Cancer Cell (2011) 20:810-7. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.11.005.
    • (2011) Cancer Cell , vol.20 , pp. 810-817
    • Snuderl, M.1    Fazlollahi, L.2    Le, L.P.3    Nitta, M.4    Zhelyazkova, B.H.5    Davidson, C.J.6
  • 177
    • 84862757952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary dynamics of carcinogenesis and why targeted therapy does not work
    • doi:10.1038/nrc3298
    • Gillies RJ, Verduzco D, Gatenby RA. Evolutionary dynamics of carcinogenesis and why targeted therapy does not work. Nat Rev Cancer (2012) 12:487-93. doi:10.1038/nrc3298.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.12 , pp. 487-493
    • Gillies, R.J.1    Verduzco, D.2    Gatenby, R.A.3
  • 178
    • 84860214990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-tumour heterogeneity: a looking glass for cancer?
    • doi:10.1038/nrc3261
    • Marusyk A, Almendro V, Polyak K. Intra-tumour heterogeneity: a looking glass for cancer? Nat Rev Cancer (2012) 12:323-34. doi:10.1038/nrc3261.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.12 , pp. 323-334
    • Marusyk, A.1    Almendro, V.2    Polyak, K.3
  • 180
    • 75549083303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor heterogeneity: causes and consequences
    • doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2009.11.002
    • Marusyk A, Polyak K. Tumor heterogeneity: causes and consequences. Biochim Biophys Acta (2010) 1805:105-17. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2009.11.002.
    • (2010) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1805 , pp. 105-117
    • Marusyk, A.1    Polyak, K.2
  • 181
    • 84880924240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of neural stem cell biology on CNS carcinogenesis and tumor types
    • doi:10.4061/2011/685271
    • Kurian KM. The impact of neural stem cell biology on CNS carcinogenesis and tumor types. Patholog Res Int (2011) 2011:685271. doi:10.4061/2011/685271.
    • (2011) Patholog Res Int , vol.2011 , pp. 685271
    • Kurian, K.M.1
  • 182
    • 4944250781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma
    • doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1364
    • Galli R, Binda E, Orfanelli U, Cipelletti B, Gritti A, De Vitis S, et al. Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma. Cancer Res (2004) 64:7011-21. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1364.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7011-7021
    • Galli, R.1    Binda, E.2    Orfanelli, U.3    Cipelletti, B.4    Gritti, A.5    De Vitis, S.6
  • 184
    • 33845610993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit the tumorigenic potential of human brain tumour-initiating cells
    • doi:10.1038/nature05349
    • Piccirillo SG, Reynolds BA, Zanetti N, Lamorte G, Binda E, Broggi G, et al. Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit the tumorigenic potential of human brain tumour-initiating cells. Nature (2006) 444:761-5. doi:10.1038/nature05349.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 761-765
    • Piccirillo, S.G.1    Reynolds, B.A.2    Zanetti, N.3    Lamorte, G.4    Binda, E.5    Broggi, G.6
  • 185
    • 37349124595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMPing off glioma stem cells
    • doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.018
    • Nakano I, Saigusa K, Kornblum HI. BMPing off glioma stem cells. Cancer Cell (2008) 13:3-4. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.018.
    • (2008) Cancer Cell , vol.13 , pp. 3-4
    • Nakano, I.1    Saigusa, K.2    Kornblum, H.I.3
  • 186
    • 84875340771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread resetting of DNA methylation in glioblastoma-initiating cells suppresses malignant cellular behavior in a lineage-dependent manner
    • doi:10.1101/gad.212662.112
    • Stricker SH, Feber A, Engström PG, Carén H, Kurian KM, Takashima Y, et al. Widespread resetting of DNA methylation in glioblastoma-initiating cells suppresses malignant cellular behavior in a lineage-dependent manner. Genes Dev (2013) 27:654-69. doi:10.1101/gad.212662.112.
    • (2013) Genes Dev , vol.27 , pp. 654-669
    • Stricker, S.H.1    Feber, A.2    Engström, P.G.3    Carén, H.4    Kurian, K.M.5    Takashima, Y.6
  • 187
    • 84901052286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of glioma stem cells in glioma tumorigenesis
    • doi:10.2741/4249
    • Yin C, Lv S, Chen X, Guo H. The role of glioma stem cells in glioma tumorigenesis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) (2014) 19:818-24. doi:10.2741/4249.
    • (2014) Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) , vol.19 , pp. 818-824
    • Yin, C.1    Lv, S.2    Chen, X.3    Guo, H.4
  • 188
    • 84888322374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy targets in glioblastoma and cancer stem cells: lessons from haematopoietic neoplasms
    • doi:10.1111/jcmm.12122
    • Cruceru ML, Neagu M, Demoulin J-B, Constantinescu SN. Therapy targets in glioblastoma and cancer stem cells: lessons from haematopoietic neoplasms. J Cell Mol Med (2013) 17:1218-35. doi:10.1111/jcmm.12122.
    • (2013) J Cell Mol Med , vol.17 , pp. 1218-1235
    • Cruceru, M.L.1    Neagu, M.2    Demoulin, J.-B.3    Constantinescu, S.N.4
  • 189
    • 84878362165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The next step in brain tumor classification: "let us now praise famous men" or molecules?
    • doi:10.1007/s00401-012-1067-4
    • Louis DN. The next step in brain tumor classification: "let us now praise famous men" or molecules? Acta Neuropathol (2012) 124:761-2. doi:10.1007/s00401-012-1067-4.
    • (2012) Acta Neuropathol , vol.124 , pp. 761-762
    • Louis, D.N.1
  • 190
    • 43749094544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MGMT promoter methylation status can predict the incidence and outcome of pseudoprogression after concomitant radiochemotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients
    • doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.14.8163
    • Brandes AA, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, Blatt V, Pession A, Tallini G, et al. MGMT promoter methylation status can predict the incidence and outcome of pseudoprogression after concomitant radiochemotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. J Clin Oncol (2008) 26:2192-7. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.14.8163.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 2192-2197
    • Brandes, A.A.1    Franceschi, E.2    Tosoni, A.3    Blatt, V.4    Pession, A.5    Tallini, G.6
  • 191
    • 84874527416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined analysis of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase protein expression and promoter methylation provides optimized prognostication of glioblastoma outcome
    • doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos308
    • Lalezari S, Chou AP, Tran A, Solis OE, Khanlou N, Chen W, et al. Combined analysis of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase protein expression and promoter methylation provides optimized prognostication of glioblastoma outcome. Neuro Oncol (2013) 15:370-81. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos308.
    • (2013) Neuro Oncol , vol.15 , pp. 370-381
    • Lalezari, S.1    Chou, A.P.2    Tran, A.3    Solis, O.E.4    Khanlou, N.5    Chen, W.6
  • 192
    • 0028006633 scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetic analysis of oligodendroglial tumors shows preferential allelic deletions on 19q and 1p
    • Reifenberger J, Reifenberger G, Liu L, James CD, Wechsler W, Collins VP. Molecular genetic analysis of oligodendroglial tumors shows preferential allelic deletions on 19q and 1p. Am J Pathol (1994) 145:1175-90.
    • (1994) Am J Pathol , vol.145 , pp. 1175-1190
    • Reifenberger, J.1    Reifenberger, G.2    Liu, L.3    James, C.D.4    Wechsler, W.5    Collins, V.P.6
  • 193
    • 33846981845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathologic aspects of 1p/19q loss and the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma
    • Aldape K, Burger PC, Perry A. Clinicopathologic aspects of 1p/19q loss and the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma. Arch Pathol Lab Med (2007) 131:242-51.
    • (2007) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.131 , pp. 242-251
    • Aldape, K.1    Burger, P.C.2    Perry, A.3
  • 194
    • 0034947649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EGF mutant receptor vIII as a molecular target in cancer therapy
    • doi:10.1677/erc.0.0080083
    • Kuan CT, Wikstrand CJ, Bigner DD. EGF mutant receptor vIII as a molecular target in cancer therapy. Endocr Relat Cancer (2001) 8:83-96. doi:10.1677/erc.0.0080083.
    • (2001) Endocr Relat Cancer , vol.8 , pp. 83-96
    • Kuan, C.T.1    Wikstrand, C.J.2    Bigner, D.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.