메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue MAY, 2014, Pages

Structural biology of the LRRK2 GTPase and kinase domains: Implications for regulation

Author keywords

G protein; Kinase; LRRK2; Parkinson's disease; Roco; Structure

Indexed keywords

BETA TRANSDUCIN REPEAT CONTAINING PROTEIN; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; H1152; LEUCINE RICH REPEAT KINASE 2; PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE INHIBITOR; RAS PROTEIN; ROCO PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84899889585     PISSN: 16625099     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00032     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (64)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 58149158022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2: Enzymological properties and novel assays
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06789.x
    • Anand, V. S., Reichling, L. J., Lipinski, K., Stochaj, W., Duan, W., Kelleher, K., et al. (2009). Investigation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2: enzymological properties and novel assays. FEBS J. 276, 466-478. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06789.x
    • (2009) FEBS J. , vol.276 , pp. 466-478
    • Anand, V.S.1    Reichling, L.J.2    Lipinski, K.3    Stochaj, W.4    Duan, W.5    Kelleher, K.6
  • 2
    • 78649284891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of Parkinson disease
    • doi: 10.1177/0891988710383572
    • Bekris, L. M., Mata, I. F., and Zabetian, C. P. (2010). The genetics of Parkinson disease. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 23, 228-242. doi: 10.1177/0891988710383572
    • (2010) J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. , vol.23 , pp. 228-242
    • Bekris, L.M.1    Mata, I.F.2    Zabetian, C.P.3
  • 3
    • 49249092223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The leucine-rich repeat structure
    • doi: 10.1007/s00018-008-8019-0
    • Bella, J., Hindle, K. L., McEwan, P. A., and Lovell, S. C. (2008). The leucine-rich repeat structure. Cell. Mol. Life Sci.65, 2307-2333. doi: 10.1007/s00018-008-8019-0
    • (2008) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 2307-2333
    • Bella, J.1    Hindle, K.L.2    McEwan, P.A.3    Lovell, S.C.4
  • 4
    • 77954197844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane localization of LRRK2 is associated with increased formation of the highly active LRRK2 dimer and changes in its phosphorylation
    • doi: 10.1021/bi100157u
    • Berger, Z., Smith, K. A., and Lavoie, M. J. (2010). Membrane localization of LRRK2 is associated with increased formation of the highly active LRRK2 dimer and changes in its phosphorylation. Biochemistry 49, 5511-5523. doi: 10.1021/bi100157u
    • (2010) Biochemistry , vol.49 , pp. 5511-5523
    • Berger, Z.1    Smith, K.A.2    Lavoie, M.J.3
  • 5
    • 3042796979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GAP control: Regulating the regulators of small GTPases
    • doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2004.05.003
    • Bernards, A., and Settleman, J. (2004). GAP control: regulating the regulators of small GTPases. Trends Cell Biol.14, 377-385. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2004.05.003
    • (2004) Trends Cell Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 377-385
    • Bernards, A.1    Settleman, J.2
  • 6
    • 84868156773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic proteins and membrane-localized LRP6
    • doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds342
    • Berwick, D. C., and Harvey, K. (2012). LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic proteins and membrane-localized LRP6. Hum. Mol. Genet. 21, 4966-4979. doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds342
    • (2012) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 4966-4979
    • Berwick, D.C.1    Harvey, K.2
  • 7
    • 84874541806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GTPase activity regulates kinase activity and cellular phenotypes of Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2
    • doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds522
    • Biosa, A., Trancikova, A., Civiero, L., Glauser, L., Bubacco, L., Greggio, E., et al. (2013). GTPase activity regulates kinase activity and cellular phenotypes of Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2. Hum. Mol. Genet. 22, 1140-1156. doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds522
    • (2013) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.22 , pp. 1140-1156
    • Biosa, A.1    Trancikova, A.2    Civiero, L.3    Glauser, L.4    Bubacco, L.5    Greggio, E.6
  • 8
    • 34249018367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review GEFs and GAPs: Critical elements in the control of small G proteins
    • doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.018
    • Bos, J. L., Rehmann, H., and Wittinghofer, A. (2007). Review GEFs and GAPs: critical elements in the control of small G proteins. Cell 129, 865-877. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.018
    • (2007) Cell , vol.129 , pp. 865-877
    • Bos, J.L.1    Rehmann, H.2    Wittinghofer, A.3
  • 9
    • 0345118282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roc, a Ras/GTPase domain in complex proteins
    • doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2003.08.008
    • Bosgraaf, L., and Van Haastert, P. J. M. (2003). Roc, a Ras/GTPase domain in complex proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1643, 5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2003.08.008
    • (2003) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1643 , pp. 5-10
    • Bosgraaf, L.1    Van Haastert, P.J.M.2
  • 10
    • 84897545390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional in silico analysis of LRRK2 missense substitutions
    • doi: 10.1007/s11033-014-3111-z
    • Cardona, F., Tormos-Pérez, M., and Pérez-Tur, J. (2014). Structural and functional in silico analysis of LRRK2 missense substitutions. Mol. Biol. Rep. 41, 2529-2542. doi: 10.1007/s11033-014-3111-z
    • (2014) Mol. Biol. Rep. , vol.41 , pp. 2529-2542
    • Cardona, F.1    Tormos-Pérez, M.2    Pérez-Tur, J.3
  • 11
    • 79955544006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rac1 protein rescues neurite retraction caused by G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)
    • doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.234005
    • Chan, D., Citro, A., Cordy, J. M., Shen, G. C., and Wolozin, B. (2011). Rac1 protein rescues neurite retraction caused by G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). J. Biol. Chem. 286, 16140-16149. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.234005
    • (2011) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.286 , pp. 16140-16149
    • Chan, D.1    Citro, A.2    Cordy, J.M.3    Shen, G.C.4    Wolozin, B.5
  • 14
    • 0036527429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinases-the major drug targets of the twenty-first century?
    • doi: 10.1038/nrd773
    • Cohen, P. (2002). Protein kinases-the major drug targets of the twenty-first century? Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 1, 309-315. doi: 10.1038/nrd773
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.1 , pp. 309-315
    • Cohen, P.1
  • 15
    • 78649389313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10.1038/nrn2935
    • Cookson, M. R. (2010). The role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in Parkinson's disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci.11, 791-797. doi: 10.1038/nrn2935
    • (2010) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 791-797
    • Cookson, M.R.1
  • 16
    • 77953890085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: Insights from pathways
    • doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq167
    • Cookson, M. R., and Bandmann, O. (2010). Parkinson's disease: insights from pathways. Hum. Mol. Genet. 19, R21-R27. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq167
    • (2010) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.19
    • Cookson, M.R.1    Bandmann, O.2
  • 17
    • 84857786579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small G proteins and their regulators in cellular signalling
    • doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.11.005
    • Csépányi-Kömi, R., Lévay, M., and Ligeti, E. (2012). Small G proteins and their regulators in cellular signalling. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 353, 10-20. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.11.005
    • (2012) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. , vol.353 , pp. 10-20
    • Csépányi-Kömi, R.1    Lévay, M.2    Ligeti, E.3
  • 18
    • 78649750585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of Lrrk2 function in primary neuronal cultures
    • doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.018
    • Dächsel, J. C., Behrouz, B., Yue, M., Beevers, J. E., Melrose, H. L., and Farrer, M. J. (2010). A comparative study of Lrrk2 function in primary neuronal cultures. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 16, 650-655. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.018
    • (2010) Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. , vol.16 , pp. 650-655
    • Dächsel, J.C.1    Behrouz, B.2    Yue, M.3    Beevers, J.E.4    Melrose, H.L.5    Farrer, M.J.6
  • 19
    • 40349101849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the ROC domain from the Parkinson's disease-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 reveals a dimeric GTPase
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.0709098105
    • Deng, J., Lewis, P. A., Greggio, E., Sluch, E., Beilina, A., and Cookson, M. R. (2008). Structure of the ROC domain from the Parkinson's disease-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 reveals a dimeric GTPase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 1499-1504. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0709098105
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.105 , pp. 1499-1504
    • Deng, J.1    Lewis, P.A.2    Greggio, E.3    Sluch, E.4    Beilina, A.5    Cookson, M.R.6
  • 20
    • 79952918505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a selective inhibitor of the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2
    • doi: 10.1038/nchembio.538
    • Deng, X., Dzamko, N., Prescott, A., Davies, P., Liu, Q., Yang, Q., et al. (2011). Characterization of a selective inhibitor of the Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2. Nat. Chem. Biol. 7, 203-205. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.538
    • (2011) Nat. Chem. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 203-205
    • Deng, X.1    Dzamko, N.2    Prescott, A.3    Davies, P.4    Liu, Q.5    Yang, Q.6
  • 21
    • 84880218192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of LRRK2 and Ser910/935 phosphorylated LRRK2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients
    • doi: 10.3233/JPD-130174
    • Dzamko, N., Chua, G., Ranola, M., Rowe, D. B., and Halliday, G. M. (2013). Measurement of LRRK2 and Ser910/935 phosphorylated LRRK2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients. J. Parkinsons Dis. 3, 145-152. doi: 10.3233/JPD-130174
    • (2013) J. Parkinsons Dis. , vol.3 , pp. 145-152
    • Dzamko, N.1    Chua, G.2    Ranola, M.3    Rowe, D.B.4    Halliday, G.M.5
  • 22
    • 77956655427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity leads to dephosphorylation of Ser(910)/Ser(935), disruption of 14-3-3 binding and altered cytoplasmic localization
    • doi: 10.1042/BJ20100784
    • Dzamko, N., Deak, M., Hentati, F., Reith, A. D., Prescott, A. R., Alessi, D. R., et al. (2010). Inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity leads to dephosphorylation of Ser(910)/Ser(935), disruption of 14-3-3 binding and altered cytoplasmic localization. Biochem. J. 430, 405-413. doi: 10.1042/BJ20100784
    • (2010) Biochem. J. , vol.430 , pp. 405-413
    • Dzamko, N.1    Deak, M.2    Hentati, F.3    Reith, A.D.4    Prescott, A.R.5    Alessi, D.R.6
  • 23
    • 77953527357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the Roco protein family in Dictyostelium discoideum
    • doi: 10.1128/EC.00366-09
    • van Egmond, W. N., and van Haastert, P. J. M. (2010). Characterization of the Roco protein family in Dictyostelium discoideum. Eukaryot. Cell 9, 751-761. doi: 10.1128/EC.00366-09
    • (2010) Eukaryot. Cell , vol.9 , pp. 751-761
    • van Egmond, W.N.1    van Haastert, P.J.M.2
  • 24
    • 84861859600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structural basis for control of eukaryotic protein kinases
    • doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-052410-090317
    • Endicott, J. A., Noble, M. E. M., and Johnson, L. N. (2012). The structural basis for control of eukaryotic protein kinases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 81, 587-613. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-052410-090317
    • (2012) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.81 , pp. 587-613
    • Endicott, J.A.1    Noble, M.E.M.2    Johnson, L.N.3
  • 27
    • 84862996255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roco kinase structures give insights into the mechanism of Parkinson disease-related leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 mutations
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.1203223109
    • Gilsbach, B. K., Ho, F. Y., Vetter, I. R., van Haastert, P. J. M., Wittinghofer, A., and Kortholt, A. (2012). Roco kinase structures give insights into the mechanism of Parkinson disease-related leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 mutations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 10322-10327. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1203223109
    • (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.109 , pp. 10322-10327
    • Gilsbach, B.K.1    Ho, F.Y.2    Vetter, I.R.3    van Haastert, P.J.M.4    Wittinghofer, A.5    Kortholt, A.6
  • 28
    • 49949099269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the Roc-COR domain tandem of C. tepidum, a prokaryotic homologue of the human LRRK2 Parkinson kinase
    • doi: 10.1038/emboj.2008.150
    • Gotthardt, K., Weyand, M., Kortholt, A., Van Haastert, P. J. M., and Wittinghofer, A. (2008). Structure of the Roc-COR domain tandem of C. tepidum, a prokaryotic homologue of the human LRRK2 Parkinson kinase. EMBO J. 27, 2239-2249. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2008.150
    • (2008) EMBO J. , vol.27 , pp. 2239-2249
    • Gotthardt, K.1    Weyand, M.2    Kortholt, A.3    Van Haastert, P.J.M.4    Wittinghofer, A.5
  • 29
    • 77953395313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 mutations and Parkinson's disease: Three questions
    • doi: 10.1042/AN20090007
    • Greggio, E., and Cookson, M. R. (2009). Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 mutations and Parkinson's disease: three questions. ASN Neuro 1, 13-24. doi: 10.1042/AN20090007
    • (2009) ASN Neuro , vol.1 , pp. 13-24
    • Greggio, E.1    Cookson, M.R.2
  • 30
    • 33746267531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinase activity is required for the toxic effects of mutant LRRK2/dardarin
    • doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.04.001
    • Greggio, E., Jain, S., Kingsbury, A., Bandopadhyay, R., Lewis, P., Kaganovich, A., et al. (2006). Kinase activity is required for the toxic effects of mutant LRRK2/dardarin. Neurobiol. Dis. 23, 329-341. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.04.001
    • (2006) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.23 , pp. 329-341
    • Greggio, E.1    Jain, S.2    Kingsbury, A.3    Bandopadhyay, R.4    Lewis, P.5    Kaganovich, A.6
  • 31
    • 47749114984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Parkinson disease-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a dimer that undergoes intramolecular autophosphorylation
    • doi: 10.1074/jbc.M708718200
    • Greggio, E., Zambrano, I., Kaganovich, A., Beilina, A., Taymans, J.-M., Daniëls, V., et al. (2008). The Parkinson disease-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a dimer that undergoes intramolecular autophosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 16906-16914. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M708718200
    • (2008) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.283 , pp. 16906-16914
    • Greggio, E.1    Zambrano, I.2    Kaganovich, A.3    Beilina, A.4    Taymans, J.-M.5    Daniëls, V.6
  • 32
    • 34548604567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Parkinson's disease-associated protein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), is an authentic GTPase that stimulates kinase activity
    • doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.007
    • Guo, L., Gandhi, P. N., Wang, W., Petersen, R. B., Wilson-Delfosse, A. L., and Chen, S. G. (2007). The Parkinson's disease-associated protein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), is an authentic GTPase that stimulates kinase activity. Exp. Cell Res. 313, 3658-3670. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.007
    • (2007) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.313 , pp. 3658-3670
    • Guo, L.1    Gandhi, P.N.2    Wang, W.3    Petersen, R.B.4    Wilson-Delfosse, A.L.5    Chen, S.G.6
  • 33
    • 84885943281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LRRK2 guides the actin cytoskeleton at growth cones together with ARHGEF7 and Tropomyosin 4
    • doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.009
    • Häbig, K., Gellhaar, S., Heim, B., Djuric, V., Giesert, F., Wurst, W., et al. (2013). LRRK2 guides the actin cytoskeleton at growth cones together with ARHGEF7 and Tropomyosin 4. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1832, 2352-2367. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.009
    • (2013) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1832 , pp. 2352-2367
    • Häbig, K.1    Gellhaar, S.2    Heim, B.3    Djuric, V.4    Giesert, F.5    Wurst, W.6
  • 34
    • 80053968304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LRRK2 protein levels are determined by kinase function and are crucial for kidney and lung homeostasis in mice
    • doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr348
    • Herzig, M. C., Kolly, C., Persohn, E., Theil, D., Schweizer, T., Hafner, T., et al. (2011). LRRK2 protein levels are determined by kinase function and are crucial for kidney and lung homeostasis in mice. Hum. Mol. Genet. 20, 4209-4223. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr348
    • (2011) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 4209-4223
    • Herzig, M.C.1    Kolly, C.2    Persohn, E.3    Theil, D.4    Schweizer, T.5    Hafner, T.6
  • 35
    • 0037013143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The conformational plasticity of protein kinases
    • doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00741-9
    • Huse, M., and Kuriyan, J. (2002). The conformational plasticity of protein kinases. Cell 109, 275-282. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00741-9
    • (2002) Cell , vol.109 , pp. 275-282
    • Huse, M.1    Kuriyan, J.2
  • 36
    • 34447294546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic mechanisms in mutant LRRK2-mediated cell death
    • doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddm080
    • Iaccarino, C., Crosio, C., Vitale, C., Sanna, G., Carrì, M. T., and Barone, P. (2007). Apoptotic mechanisms in mutant LRRK2-mediated cell death. Hum. Mol. Genet. 16, 1319-1326. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddm080
    • (2007) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.16 , pp. 1319-1326
    • Iaccarino, C.1    Crosio, C.2    Vitale, C.3    Sanna, G.4    Carrì, M.T.5    Barone, P.6
  • 37
    • 33846818834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GTP binding is essential to the protein kinase activity of LRRK2, a causative gene product for familial Parkinson' s disease
    • doi: 10.1021/bi061960m
    • Ito, G., Okai, T., Fujino, G., Takeda, K., Ichijo, H., and Katada, T. (2007). GTP binding is essential to the protein kinase activity of LRRK2, a causative gene product for familial Parkinson' s disease. Biochemistry 46, 1380-1388. doi: 10.1021/bi061960m
    • (2007) Biochemistry , vol.46 , pp. 1380-1388
    • Ito, G.1    Okai, T.2    Fujino, G.3    Takeda, K.4    Ichijo, H.5    Katada, T.6
  • 38
    • 34447118788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LRRK2 phosphorylates moesin at threonine-558: Characterization of how Parkinson's disease mutants affect kinase activity
    • doi: 10.1042/BJ20070209
    • Jaleel, M., Nichols, R. J., Deak, M., Campbell, D. G., Gillardon, F., Knebel, A., et al. (2007). LRRK2 phosphorylates moesin at threonine-558: characterization of how Parkinson's disease mutants affect kinase activity. Biochem. J.405, 307-317. doi: 10.1042/BJ20070209
    • (2007) Biochem. J. , vol.405 , pp. 307-317
    • Jaleel, M.1    Nichols, R.J.2    Deak, M.3    Campbell, D.G.4    Gillardon, F.5    Knebel, A.6
  • 39
    • 77949514432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The WD40 domain is required for LRRK2 neurotoxicity
    • doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008463
    • Jorgensen, N. D., Peng, Y., Ho, C. C.-Y., Rideout, H. J., Petrey, D., Liu, P., et al. (2009). The WD40 domain is required for LRRK2 neurotoxicity. PLoS ONE 4:e8463. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008463
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4
    • Jorgensen, N.D.1    Peng, Y.2    Ho, C.C.-Y.3    Rideout, H.J.4    Petrey, D.5    Liu, P.6
  • 40
    • 84856404449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LRRK2 phosphorylates tubulin-associated tau but not the free molecule: LRRK2-mediated regulation of the tau-tubulin association and neurite outgrowth
    • doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030834
    • Kawakami, F., Yabata, T., Ohta, E., Maekawa, T., Shimada, N., Suzuki, M., et al. (2012). LRRK2 phosphorylates tubulin-associated tau but not the free molecule: LRRK2-mediated regulation of the tau-tubulin association and neurite outgrowth. PLoS ONE 7:e30834. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030834
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Kawakami, F.1    Yabata, T.2    Ohta, E.3    Maekawa, T.4    Shimada, N.5    Suzuki, M.6
  • 41
    • 33845197964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface comparison of active and inactive protein kinases identifies a conserved activation mechanism
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607656103
    • Kornev, A. P., Haste, N. M., Taylor, S. S., and Eyck, L. F. (2006). Surface comparison of active and inactive protein kinases identifies a conserved activation mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 17783-17788. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607656103
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.103 , pp. 17783-17788
    • Kornev, A.P.1    Haste, N.M.2    Taylor, S.S.3    Eyck, L.F.4
  • 42
    • 66949152096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60492-X
    • Lees, A. J., Hardy, J., and Revesz, T. (2009). Parkinson's disease. Lancet 373, 2055-2066. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60492-X
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 2055-2066
    • Lees, A.J.1    Hardy, J.2    Revesz, T.3
  • 44
    • 77956529777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reevaluation of phosphorylation sites in the Parkinson disease-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
    • doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.127639
    • Li, X., Moore, D. J., Xiong, Y., Dawson, T. M., and Dawson, V. L. (2010). Reevaluation of phosphorylation sites in the Parkinson disease-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 29569-29576. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.127639
    • (2010) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.285 , pp. 29569-29576
    • Li, X.1    Moore, D.J.2    Xiong, Y.3    Dawson, T.M.4    Dawson, V.L.5
  • 45
    • 34548621385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)/PARK8 possesses GTPase activity that is altered in familial Parkinson's disease R1441C/G mutants
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04743.x
    • Li, X., Tan, Y.-C., Poulose, S., Olanow, C. W., Huang, X.-Y., and Yue, Z. (2007). Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)/PARK8 possesses GTPase activity that is altered in familial Parkinson's disease R1441C/G mutants. J. Neurochem. 103, 238-247. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04743.x
    • (2007) J. Neurochem. , vol.103 , pp. 238-247
    • Li, X.1    Tan, Y.-C.2    Poulose, S.3    Olanow, C.W.4    Huang, X.-Y.5    Yue, Z.6
  • 46
    • 84896522656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson disease-associated mutation R1441H in LRRK2 prolongs the "active state" of its GTPase domain
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.1323285111
    • Liao, J., Wu, C., Burlak, C., Zhang, S., Sahm, H., Wang, M., et al. (2014). Parkinson disease-associated mutation R1441H in LRRK2 prolongs the "active state" of its GTPase domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 4055-4060. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1323285111
    • (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.111 , pp. 4055-4060
    • Liao, J.1    Wu, C.2    Burlak, C.3    Zhang, S.4    Sahm, H.5    Wang, M.6
  • 47
    • 77749255337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic mechanistic studies of wild-type leucine-rich repeat kinase 2: Characterization of the kinase and GTPase activities
    • doi: 10.1021/bi901851y
    • Liu, M., Dobson, B., Glicksman, M. A., Yue, Z., and Stein, R. L. (2010). Kinetic mechanistic studies of wild-type leucine-rich repeat kinase 2: characterization of the kinase and GTPase activities. Biochemistry 49, 2008-2017. doi: 10.1021/bi901851y
    • (2010) Biochemistry , vol.49 , pp. 2008-2017
    • Liu, M.1    Dobson, B.2    Glicksman, M.A.3    Yue, Z.4    Stein, R.L.5
  • 48
    • 84866704591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of LRRK2: From kinase to substrate
    • doi: 10.1042/BST20120128
    • Lobbestael, E., Baekelandt, V., and Taymans, J.-M. (2012). Phosphorylation of LRRK2: from kinase to substrate. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 40, 1102-1110. doi: 10.1042/BST20120128
    • (2012) Biochem. Soc. Trans. , vol.40 , pp. 1102-1110
    • Lobbestael, E.1    Baekelandt, V.2    Taymans, J.-M.3
  • 49
    • 33751256567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The familial Parkinsonism gene LRRK2 regulates neurite process morphology
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.10.008
    • MacLeod, D., Dowman, J., Hammond, R., Leete, T., Inoue, K., and Abeliovich, A. (2006). The familial Parkinsonism gene LRRK2 regulates neurite process morphology. Neuron 52, 587-593. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.10.008
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.52 , pp. 587-593
    • McLeod, D.1    Dowman, J.2    Hammond, R.3    Leete, T.4    Inoue, K.5    Abeliovich, A.6
  • 50
    • 0037032835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protein kinase complement of the human genome
    • doi: 10.1126/science.1075762
    • Manning, G., Whyte, D. B., Martinez, R., Hunter, T., and Sudarsanam, S. (2002). The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science 298, 1912-1934. doi: 10.1126/science.1075762
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 1912-1934
    • Manning, G.1    Whyte, D.B.2    Martinez, R.3    Hunter, T.4    Sudarsanam, S.5
  • 51
    • 51349153846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Roco protein family: A functional perspective
    • doi: 10.1096/fj.08-111310
    • Marín, I., van Egmond, W. N., and van Haastert, P. J. M. (2008). The Roco protein family: a functional perspective. FASEB J. 22, 3103-3110. doi: 10.1096/fj.08-111310
    • (2008) FASEB J. , vol.22 , pp. 3103-3110
    • Marín, I.1    van Egmond, W.N.2    van Haastert, P.J.M.3
  • 52
    • 84896111174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the repeat domain structures and impact of Parkinsonism-associated variations on structure and function of all functional domains of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)
    • doi: 10.1002/humu.22515
    • Mills, R. D., Mulhern, T. D., Liu, F., Culvenor, J. G., and Cheng, H.-C. (2014). Prediction of the repeat domain structures and impact of Parkinsonism-associated variations on structure and function of all functional domains of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). Hum. Mutat. 35, 395-412. doi: 10.1002/humu.22515
    • (2014) Hum. Mutat. , vol.35 , pp. 395-412
    • Mills, R.D.1    Mulhern, T.D.2    Liu, F.3    Culvenor, J.G.4    Cheng, H.-C.5
  • 53
    • 2442706456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ankyrin repeat as molecular architecture for protein recognition
    • doi: 10.1110/ps.03554604.ity
    • Mosavi, L., and Cammett, T. (2004). The ankyrin repeat as molecular architecture for protein recognition. Protein Sci. 13, 1435-1448. doi: 10.1110/ps.03554604.ity
    • (2004) Protein Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 1435-1448
    • Mosavi, L.1    Cammett, T.2
  • 54
    • 84879129926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-deficient rats exhibit renal tubule injury and perturbations in metabolic and immunological homeostasis
    • doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066164
    • Ness, D., Ren, Z., Gardai, S., Sharpnack, D., Johnson, V. J., Brennan, R. J., et al. (2013). Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-deficient rats exhibit renal tubule injury and perturbations in metabolic and immunological homeostasis. PLoS ONE 8:e66164. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066164
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Ness, D.1    Ren, Z.2    Gardai, S.3    Sharpnack, D.4    Johnson, V.J.5    Brennan, R.J.6
  • 55
    • 77956674229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 14-3-3 binding to LRRK2 is disrupted by multiple Parkinson's disease-associated mutations and regulates cytoplasmic localization
    • doi: 10.1042/BJ20100483
    • Nichols, R. J., Dzamko, N., Morrice, N. A., Campbell, D. G., Deak, M., Ordureau, A., et al. (2010). 14-3-3 binding to LRRK2 is disrupted by multiple Parkinson's disease-associated mutations and regulates cytoplasmic localization. Biochem. J. 430, 393-404. doi: 10.1042/BJ20100483
    • (2010) Biochem. J. , vol.430 , pp. 393-404
    • Nichols, R.J.1    Dzamko, N.2    Morrice, N.A.3    Campbell, D.G.4    Deak, M.5    Ordureau, A.6
  • 56
    • 72949106466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of intracellular degradation of I2020T mutant LRRK2 restores its protectivity against apoptosis
    • doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.043
    • Ohta, E., Kubo, M., and Obata, F. (2010). Prevention of intracellular degradation of I2020T mutant LRRK2 restores its protectivity against apoptosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 391, 242-247. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.043
    • (2010) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.391 , pp. 242-247
    • Ohta, E.1    Kubo, M.2    Obata, F.3
  • 57
    • 8844266996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson's disease
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.023
    • Paisán-Ruíz, C., Jain, S., Evans, E. W., Gilks, W. P., Simón, J., van der Brug, M., et al. (2004). Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson's disease. Neuron 44, 595-600. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.023
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.44 , pp. 595-600
    • Paisán-Ruíz, C.1    Jain, S.2    Evans, E.W.3    Gilks, W.P.4    Simón, J.5    van der Brug, M.6
  • 58
    • 84866384715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 causes uncoupling protein-mediated mitochondrial depolarization
    • doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds244
    • Papkovskaia, T. D., Chau, K.-Y., Inesta-Vaquera, F., Papkovsky, D. B., Healy, D. G., Nishio, K., et al. (2012). G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 causes uncoupling protein-mediated mitochondrial depolarization. Hum. Mol. Genet.21, 4201-4213. doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds244
    • (2012) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 4201-4213
    • Papkovskaia, T.D.1    Chau, K.-Y.2    Inesta-Vaquera, F.3    Papkovsky, D.B.4    Healy, D.G.5    Nishio, K.6
  • 59
    • 80054977424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoproteomics-based design of potent LRRK2-selective lead compounds that attenuate Parkinson's disease-related toxicity in human neurons
    • Ramsden, N., Perrin, J., Ren, Z., Lee, B. D., Zinn, N., Dawson, V. L., et al. (2011). Chemoproteomics-based design of potent LRRK2-selective lead compounds that attenuate Parkinson's disease-related toxicity in human neurons. ACS Chem. Biol. 6, 1021-1028.
    • (2011) ACS Chem. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 1021-1028
    • Ramsden, N.1    Perrin, J.2    Ren, Z.3    Lee, B.D.4    Zinn, N.5    Dawson, V.L.6
  • 60
    • 84865149238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GSK2578215A; a potent and highly selective 2-arylmethyloxy-5-substitutent-N-arylbenzamide LRRK2 kinase inhibitor
    • doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.104
    • Reith, A. D., Bamborough, P., Jandu, K., Andreotti, D., Mensah, L., Dossang, P., et al. (2012). GSK2578215A; a potent and highly selective 2-arylmethyloxy-5-substitutent-N-arylbenzamide LRRK2 kinase inhibitor. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22, 5625-5629. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.104
    • (2012) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 5625-5629
    • Reith, A.D.1    Bamborough, P.2    Jandu, K.3    Andreotti, D.4    Mensah, L.5    Dossang, P.6
  • 61
    • 84864743687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The G2385R variant of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 associated with Parkinson's disease is a partial loss-of-function mutation
    • doi: 10.1042/BJ20120637
    • Rudenko, I. N., Kaganovich, A., Hauser, D. N., Beylina, A., Chia, R., Ding, J., et al. (2012). The G2385R variant of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 associated with Parkinson's disease is a partial loss-of-function mutation. Biochem. J.446, 99-111. doi: 10.1042/BJ20120637
    • (2012) Biochem. J. , vol.446 , pp. 99-111
    • Rudenko, I.N.1    Kaganovich, A.2    Hauser, D.N.3    Beylina, A.4    Chia, R.5    Ding, J.6
  • 62
    • 70349576902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the LRRK2 Roc-COR tandem domain link Parkinson's disease to Wnt signalling pathways
    • doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddp337
    • Sancho, R. M., Law, B. M. H., and Harvey, K. (2009). Mutations in the LRRK2 Roc-COR tandem domain link Parkinson's disease to Wnt signalling pathways. Hum. Mol. Genet. 18, 3955-3968. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddp337
    • (2009) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.18 , pp. 3955-3968
    • Sancho, R.M.1    Law, B.M.H.2    Harvey, K.3
  • 63
    • 0030772378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ras-RasGAP complex: Structural basis for GTPase activation and its loss in oncogenic ras mutants
    • doi: 10.1126/science.277.5324.333
    • Scheffzek, K. (1997). The Ras-RasGAP complex: structural basis for GTPase activation and its loss in oncogenic ras mutants. Science 277, 333-338. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5324.333
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 333-338
    • Scheffzek, K.1
  • 64
    • 33748993710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinase activity of mutant LRRK2 mediates neuronal toxicity
    • doi: 10.1038/nn1776
    • Smith, W. W., Pei, Z., Jiang, H., Dawson, V. L., Dawson, T. M., and Ross, C. A. (2006). Kinase activity of mutant LRRK2 mediates neuronal toxicity. Nat. Neurosci. 9, 1231-1233. doi: 10.1038/nn1776
    • (2006) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 1231-1233
    • Smith, W.W.1    Pei, Z.2    Jiang, H.3    Dawson, V.L.4    Dawson, T.M.5    Ross, C.A.6
  • 65
    • 84859187983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GTPase activity and neuronal toxicity of Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2 is regulated by ArfGAP1
    • doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002526
    • Stafa, K., Trancikova, A., Webber, P. J., Glauser, L., West, A. B., and Moore, D. J. (2012). GTPase activity and neuronal toxicity of Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2 is regulated by ArfGAP1. PLoS Genet. 8:e1002526. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002526
    • (2012) PLoS Genet. , vol.8
    • Stafa, K.1    Trancikova, A.2    Webber, P.J.3    Glauser, L.4    West, A.B.5    Moore, D.J.6
  • 66
    • 79551594605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinases: Evolution of dynamic regulatory proteins
    • doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2010.09.006
    • Taylor, S. S., and Kornev, A. P. (2011). Protein kinases: evolution of dynamic regulatory proteins. Trends Biochem. Sci. 36, 65-77. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2010.09.006
    • (2011) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 65-77
    • Taylor, S.S.1    Kornev, A.P.2
  • 67
    • 84866652723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The GTPase function of LRRK2
    • doi: 10.1042/BST20120133
    • Taymans, J.-M. (2012). The GTPase function of LRRK2. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 40, 1063-1069. doi: 10.1042/BST20120133
    • (2012) Biochem. Soc. Trans. , vol.40 , pp. 1063-1069
    • Taymans, J.-M.1
  • 68
    • 77955335145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Armadillo-repeat protein functions: Questions for little creatures
    • doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.05.003
    • Tewari, R., Bailes, E., Bunting, K. A., and Coates, J. C. (2010). Armadillo-repeat protein functions: questions for little creatures. Trends Cell Biol. 20, 470-481. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.05.003
    • (2010) Trends Cell Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 470-481
    • Tewari, R.1    Bailes, E.2    Bunting, K.A.3    Coates, J.C.4
  • 69
    • 84863294414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 causes age-dependent bi-phasic alterations of the autophagy pathway
    • doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-7-2
    • Tong, Y., Giaime, E., Yamaguchi, H., Ichimura, T., Liu, Y., Si, H., et al. (2012). Loss of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 causes age-dependent bi-phasic alterations of the autophagy pathway. Mol. Neurodegener. 7, 2. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-7-2
    • (2012) Mol. Neurodegener. , vol.7 , pp. 2
    • Tong, Y.1    Giaime, E.2    Yamaguchi, H.3    Ichimura, T.4    Liu, Y.5    Si, H.6
  • 70
    • 84856086632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression, purification and preliminary biochemical and structural characterization of the leucine rich repeat namesake domain of leucine rich repeat kinase 2
    • doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.12.009
    • Vancraenenbroeck, R., Lobbestael, E., Weeks, S. D., Strelkov, S. V., Baekelandt, V., Taymans, J.-M., et al. (2012). Expression, purification and preliminary biochemical and structural characterization of the leucine rich repeat namesake domain of leucine rich repeat kinase 2. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1824, 450-460. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.12.009
    • (2012) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1824 , pp. 450-460
    • Vancraenenbroeck, R.1    Lobbestael, E.2    Weeks, S.D.3    Strelkov, S.V.4    Baekelandt, V.5    Taymans, J.-M.6
  • 71
    • 0035834388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The guanine nucleotide-binding switch in three dimensions
    • doi: 10.1126/science.1062023
    • Vetter, I. R., and Wittinghofer, A. (2001). The guanine nucleotide-binding switch in three dimensions. Science 294, 1299-1304. doi: 10.1126/science.1062023
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 1299-1304
    • Vetter, I.R.1    Wittinghofer, A.2
  • 72
    • 12144289677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of activation of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF
    • doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00215-6
    • Wan, P. T. C., Garnett, M. J., Roe, S. M., Lee, S., Niculescu-Duvaz, D., Good, V. M., et al. (2004). Mechanism of activation of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF. Cell 116, 855-867. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00215-6
    • (2004) Cell , vol.116 , pp. 855-867
    • Wan, P.T.C.1    Garnett, M.J.2    Roe, S.M.3    Lee, S.4    Niculescu-Duvaz, D.5    Good, V.M.6
  • 73
    • 28044460070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson ' s disease-associated mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 augment kinase activity
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507360102
    • West, A. B., Moore, D. J., Biskup, S., Bugayenko, A., Smith, W. W., Ross, C. A., et al. (2005). Parkinson ' s disease-associated mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 augment kinase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U.S.A. 102, 16842-16847. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507360102
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U.S.A. , vol.102 , pp. 16842-16847
    • West, A.B.1    Moore, D.J.2    Biskup, S.3    Bugayenko, A.4    Smith, W.W.5    Ross, C.A.6
  • 74
    • 79151473945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth are impaired in LRRK2 G2019S mice
    • doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.12.008
    • Winner, B., Melrose, H. L., Zhao, C., Hinkle, K. M., Yue, M., Kent, C., et al. (2011). Adult neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth are impaired in LRRK2 G2019S mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 41, 706-716. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.12.008
    • (2011) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.41 , pp. 706-716
    • Winner, B.1    Melrose, H.L.2    Zhao, C.3    Hinkle, K.M.4    Yue, M.5    Kent, C.6
  • 75
    • 84858050446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ArfGAP1 is a GTPase activating protein for LRRK2: Reciprocal regulation of ArfGAP1 by LRRK2
    • doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4566-11.2012
    • Xiong, Y., Yuan, C., Chen, R., Dawson, T. M., and Dawson, V. L. (2012). ArfGAP1 is a GTPase activating protein for LRRK2: reciprocal regulation of ArfGAP1 by LRRK2. J. Neurosci. 32, 3877-3886. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4566-11.2012
    • (2012) J. Neurosci. , vol.32 , pp. 3877-3886
    • Xiong, Y.1    Yuan, C.2    Chen, R.3    Dawson, T.M.4    Dawson, V.L.5
  • 76
    • 79960068470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of WD40 domain proteins
    • doi: 10.1007/s13238-011-1018-1
    • Xu, C., and Min, J. (2011). Structure and function of WD40 domain proteins. Protein Cell 2, 202-214. doi: 10.1007/s13238-011-1018-1
    • (2011) Protein Cell , vol.2 , pp. 202-214
    • Xu, C.1    Min, J.2
  • 77
    • 84871581831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinase inhibitors arrest neurodegeneration in cell and C. elegans models of LRRK2 toxicity
    • doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds431
    • Yao, C., Johnson, W. M., Gao, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, J., Deak, M., et al. (2013). Kinase inhibitors arrest neurodegeneration in cell and C. elegans models of LRRK2 toxicity. Hum. Mol. Genet. 22, 328-344. doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds431
    • (2013) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.22 , pp. 328-344
    • Yao, C.1    Johnson, W.M.2    Gao, Y.3    Wang, W.4    Zhang, J.5    Deak, M.6
  • 78
    • 84862777331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of TAE684 as a potent LRRK2 kinase inhibitor
    • doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.084
    • Zhang, J., Deng, X., Choi, H. G., Alessi, D. R., and Gray, N. S. (2012). Characterization of TAE684 as a potent LRRK2 kinase inhibitor. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22, 1864-1869. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.084
    • (2012) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.22 , pp. 1864-1869
    • Zhang, J.1    Deng, X.2    Choi, H.G.3    Alessi, D.R.4    Gray, N.S.5
  • 79
    • 84866694887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 cellular phosphorylation sites provides insight into LRRK2 biology
    • doi: 10.1042/BST20120137
    • Zhao, J., Hermanson, S. B., Carlson, C. B., Riddle, S. M., Vogel, K. W., Bi, K., et al. (2012). Pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 cellular phosphorylation sites provides insight into LRRK2 biology. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 40, 1158-1162. doi: 10.1042/BST20120137
    • (2012) Biochem. Soc. Trans. , vol.40 , pp. 1158-1162
    • Zhao, J.1    Hermanson, S.B.2    Carlson, C.B.3    Riddle, S.M.4    Vogel, K.W.5    Bi, K.6
  • 80
    • 8844233579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.11.005
    • Zimprich, A., Biskup, S., Leitner, P., Lichtner, P., Farrer, M., Lincoln, S., et al. (2004). Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology. Neuron 44, 601-607. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.11.005
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.44 , pp. 601-607
    • Zimprich, A.1    Biskup, S.2    Leitner, P.3    Lichtner, P.4    Farrer, M.5    Lincoln, S.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.