Structure and function of toll-like receptor 8

Microbes and Infection

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 273-282

  Ohto, Umeharu ^a   Tanji, Hiromi ^a   Shimizu, Toshiyuki ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^b JAPAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Innate immunity; Structural biology; Toll like receptor

Indexed keywords

GUANOSINE DERIVATIVE; IMIDAZOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; LIGAND; PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE; THIAZOLOQUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 7; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 8; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR; PROTEIN BINDING;

DRUG TARGETING; ENZYME ACTIVATION; LIGAND BINDING; MICROORGANISM; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; SHORT SURVEY; X RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; HUMAN; METABOLISM; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

HUMANS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; PROTEIN BINDING; RECEPTORS, IMMUNOLOGIC; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 8;

EID: 84899491380     PISSN: 12864579     EISSN: 1769714X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.01.007     Document Type: Short Survey

References (65)

1. Akira S., Uematsu S., Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 2006, 124:783-801.
2. Kawai T., Akira S. The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition. Int Immunol 2009, 21:317-337.
3. Matsushima N., Tanaka T., Enkhbayar P., Mikami T., Taga M., Yamada K., et al. Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) within vertebrate toll-like receptors. BMC Genomics 2007, 8:124.
4. Bell J.K., Mullen G.E., Leifer C.A., Mazzoni A., Davies D.R., Segal D.M. Leucine-rich repeats and pathogen recognition in toll-like receptors. Trends Immunol 2003, 24:528-533.
5. Kawai T., Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol 2010, 11:373-384.
6. Takeuchi O., Kawai T., Muhlradt P.F., Morr M., Radolf J.D., Zychlinsky A., et al. Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by toll-like receptor 6. Int Immunol 2001, 13:933-940.
7. Takeuchi O., Sato S., Horiuchi T., Hoshino K., Takeda K., Dong Z.Y., et al. Cutting edge: role of toll-like receptor 1 in mediating immune response to microbial lipoproteins. J Immunol 2002, 169:10-14.
8. Alexopoulou L., Thomas V., Schnare M., Lobet Y., Anguita J., Schoen R.T., et al. Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice. Nat Med 2002, 8:878-884.
9. Ozinsky A., Underhill D.M., Fontenot J.D., Hajjar A.M., Smith K.D., Wilson C.B., et al. The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between toll-like receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97:13766-13771.
10. Alexopoulou L., Holt A.C., Medzhitov R., Flavell R.A. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappa B by toll-like receptor 3. Nature 2001, 413:732-738.
11. Poltorak A., He X.L., Smirnova I., Liu M.Y., Van Huffel C., Du X., et al. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 1998, 282:2085-2088.
12. Qureshi S.T., Lariviere L., Leveque G., Clermont S., Moore K.J., Gros P., et al. Endotoxin-tolerant mice have mutations in toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4). J Exp Med 1999, 189:615-625.
13. Hoshino K., Takeuchi O., Kawai T., Sanjo H., Ogawa T., Takeda Y., et al. Cutting edge: toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product. J Immunol 1999, 162:3749-3752.
14. Shimazu R., Akashi S., Ogata H., Nagai Y., Fukudome K., Miyake K., et al. MD-2, a molecule that confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness on toll-like receptor 4. J Exp Med 1999, 189:1777-1782.
15. Hayashi F., Smith K.D., Ozinsky A., Hawn T.R., Yi E.C., Goodlett D.R., et al. The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by toll-like receptor 5. Nature 2001, 410:1099-1103.
16. Uematsu S., Jang M.H., Chevrier N., Guo Z.J., Kumagai Y., Yamamoto M., et al. Detection of pathogenic intestinal bacteria by toll-like receptor 5 on intestinal CD11c(+) lamina propria cells. Nat Immunol 2006, 7:868-874.
17. Heil F., Hemmi H., Hochrein H., Ampenberger F., Kirschning C., Akira S., et al. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science 2004, 303:1526-1529.
18. Diebold S.S., Kaisho T., Hemmi H., Akira S., Sousa C.R.E. Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science 2004, 303:1529-1531.
19. Lund J.M., Alexopoulou L., Sato A., Karow M., Adams N.C., Gale N.W., et al. Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:5598-5603.
20. Hemmi H., Takeuchi O., Kawai T., Kaisho T., Sato S., Sanjo H., et al. Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 2000, 408:740-745.
21. Lee J., Chuang T.H., Redecke V., She L.P., Pitha P.M., Carson D.A., et al. Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: activation of toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100:6646-6651.
22. Miggin S.M., O'Neill L.A.J. New insights into the regulation of TLR signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2006, 80:220-226.
23. Nishiya T., DeFranco A.L. Ligand-regulated chimeric receptor approach reveals distinctive subcellular localization and signaling properties of the toll-like receptors. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:19008-19017.
24. Nishiya T., Kajita E., Miwa S., DeFranco A.L. TLR3 and TLR7 are targeted to the same intracellular compartments by distinct regulatory elements. J Biol Chem 2005, 280:37107-37117.
25. Kim Y.M., Brinkmann M.M., Paquet M.E., Ploegh H.L. UNC93B1 delivers nucleotide-sensing toll-like receptors to endolysosomes. Nature 2008, 452:234-U280.
26. Diebold S.S., Kaisho T., Hemmi H., Akira S., Reis e Sousa C. Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science 2004, 303:1529-1531.
27. Hornung V., Rothenfusser S., Britsch S., Krug A., Jahrsdorfer B., Giese T., et al. Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol 2002, 168:4531-4537.
28. Marques J.T., Williams B.R.G. Activation of the mammalian immune system by siRNAs. Nat Biotechnol 2005, 23:1399-1405.
29. Jurk M., Heil F., Vollmer J., Schetter C., Krieg A.M., Wagner H., et al. HumanTLR7 orTLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848. Nat Immunol 2002, 3:499.
30. Cervantes J.L., Weinerman B., Basole C., Salazar J.C. TLR8: the forgotten relative revindicated. Cell Mol Immunol 2012, 9:434-438.
31. Demaria O., Pagni P.P., Traub S., de Gassart A., Branzk N., Murphy A.J., et al. TLR8 deficiency leads to autoimmunity in mice. J Clin Invest 2010, 120:3651-3662.
32. Tanji H., Ohto U., Shibata T., Miyake K., Shimizu T. Structural reorganization of the toll-like receptor 8 dimer induced by agonistic ligands. Science 2013, 339:1426-1429.
33. Yoon S.I., Kurnasov O., Natarajan V., Hong M., Gudkov A.V., Osterman A.L., et al. Structural basis of TLR5-flagellin recognition and signaling. Science 2012, 335:859-864.
34. Park B.S., Song D.H., Kim H.M., Choi B.S., Lee H., Lee J.O. The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex. Nature 2009, 458:1191-1195.
35. Kang J.Y., Nan X., Jin M.S., Youn S.J., Ryu Y.H., Mah S., et al. Recognition of lipopeptide patterns by toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 heterodimer. Immunity 2009, 31:873-884.
36. Liu L., Botos I., Wang Y., Leonard J.N., Shiloach J., Segal D.M., et al. Structural basis of toll-like receptor 3 signaling with double-stranded RNA. Science 2008, 320:379-381.
37. Jin M.S., Kim S.E., Heo J.Y., Lee M.E., Kim H.M., Paik S.G., et al. Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide. Cell 2007, 130:1071-1082.
38. Alter G., Suscovich T.J., Teigen N., Meier A., Streeck H., Brander C., et al. Single-stranded RNA derived from HIV-1 serves as a potent activator of NK cells. J Immunol 2007, 178:7658-7666.
39. Hemmi H., Kaisho T., Takeuchi O., Sato S., Sanjo H., Hoshino K., et al. Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Nat Immunol 2002, 3:196-200.
40. Lee J., Chuang T.H., Redecke V., She L., Pitha P.M., Carson D.A., et al. Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: activation of toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100:6646-6651.
41. Heil F., Ahmad-Nejad P., Hemmi H., Hochrein H., Ampenberger F., Gellert T., et al. The toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-specific stimulus loxoribine uncovers a strong relationship within the TLR7, 8 and 9 subfamily. Eur J Immunol 2003, 33:2987-2997.
42. Fabbri M., Paone A., Calore F., Galli R., Gaudio E., Santhanam R., et al. MicroRNAs bind to toll-like receptors to induce prometastatic inflammatory response. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012, 109:E2110-E2116.
43. Kobe B., Deisenhofer J. Mechanism of ribonuclease inhibition by ribonuclease inhibitor protein based on the crystal structure of its complex with ribonuclease A. J Mol Biol 1996, 264:1028-1043.
44. Leonard J.N., Ghirlando R., Askins J., Bell J.K., Margulies D.H., Davies D.R., et al. The TLR3 signaling complex forms by cooperative receptor dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:258-263.
45. Ohto U., Fukase K., Miyake K., Shimizu T. Structural basis of species-specific endotoxin sensing by innate immune receptor TLR4/MD-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012, 109:7421-7426.
46. Zhou K.F., Kanai R., Lee P., Wang H.W., Modis Y. Toll-like receptor 5 forms asymmetric dimers in the absence of flagellin. J Struct Biol 2012, 177:402-409.
47. Latz E., Verma A., Visintin A., Gong M., Sirois C.M., Klein D.C., et al. Ligand-induced conformational changes allosterically activate toll-like receptor 9. Nat Immunol 2007, 8:772-779.
48. Zhu J., Brownlie R., Liu Q., Babiuk L.A., Potter A., Mutwiri G.K. Characterization of bovine toll-like receptor 8: ligand specificity, signaling essential sites and dimerization. Mol Immunol 2009, 46:978-990.
49. Luo J.Q., Obmolova G., Malia T.J., Wu S.J., Duffy K.E., Marion J.D., et al. Lateral clustering of TLR3:dsRNA signaling units revealed by TLR3ecd:3Fabs quaternary structure. J Mol Biol 2012, 421:112-124.
50. Lin S.C., Lo Y.C., Wu H. Helical assembly in the MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 complex in TLR/IL-1R signalling. Nature 2010, 465:885-890.
51. Visintin A., Latz E., Monks B.G., Espevik T., Golenbock D.T. Lysines 128 and 132 enable lipopolysaccharide binding to MD-2, leading to Toll-like receptor-4 aggregation and signal transduction. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:48313-48320.
52. Gibbard R.J., Morley P.J., Gay N.J. Conserved features in the extracellular domain of human toll-like receptor 8 are essential for pH-dependent signaling. J Biol Chem 2006, 281:27503-27511.
53. Ewald S.E., Engel A., Lee J., Wang M.Q., Bogyo M., Barton G.M. Nucleic acid recognition by toll-like receptors is coupled to stepwise processing by cathepsins and asparagine endopeptidase. J Exp Med 2011, 208:643-651.
54. Sepulveda F.E., Maschalidi S., Colisson R., Heslop L., Ghirelli C., Sakka E., et al. Critical role for asparagine endopeptidase in endocytic toll-like receptor signaling in dendritic cells. Immunity 2009, 31:737-748.
55. Park B., Brinkmann M.M., Spooner E., Lee C.C., Kim Y.M., Ploegh H.L. Proteolytic cleavage in an endolysosomal compartment is required for activation of toll-like receptor 9. Nat Immunol 2008, 9:1407-1414.
56. Ewald S.E., Lee B.L., Lau L., Wickliffe K.E., Shi G.P., Chapman H.A., et al. The ectodomain of toll-like receptor 9 is cleaved to generate a functional receptor. Nature 2008, 456:658-U688.
57. Asagiri M., Hirai T., Kunigami T., Kamano S., Gober H.J., Okamoto K., et al. Cathepsin K-dependent toll-like receptor 9 signaling revealed in experimental arthritis. Science 2008, 319:624-627.
58. Onji M., Kanno A., Saitoh S.I., Fukui R., Motoi Y., Shibata T., et al. An essential role for the N-terminal fragment of toll-like receptor 9 in DNA sensing. Nat Commun 2013, 4:1949-1958.
59. Stockfleth E., Christophers E., Benninghoff B., Sterry W. Low incidence of new actinic keratoses after topical 5% imiquimod cream treatment: a long-term follow-up study. Arch Dermatol 2004, 140:1542.
60. Somani N., Rivers J.K. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Skin Therapy Lett 2005, 10:1-6.
61. Mark K.E., Corey L., Meng T.C., Magaret A.S., Huang M.L., Selke S., et al. Topical resiquimod 0.01% gel decreases herpes simplex virus type 2 genital shedding: a randomized, controlled trial. J Infect Dis 2007, 195:1324-1331.
62. Pockros P.J., Guyader D., Patton H., Tong M.J., Wright T., McHutchison J.G., et al. Oral resiquimod in chronic HCV infection: Safety and efficacy in 2 placebo-controlled, double-blind phase IIa studies. J Hepatol 2007, 47:174-182.
63. Barrat F.J., Meeker T., Gregorio J., Chan J.H., Uematsu S., Akira S., et al. Nucleic acids of mammalian origin can act as endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptors and may promote systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 2005, 202:1131-1139.
64. DeLano W.L. The PyMOL molecular graphics system 2008, DeLano Scientific LLC, Palo Alto, CA, USA. http://www.pymol.org.
65. Ohto U., Yamakawa N., Akashi-Takamura S., Miyake K., Shimizu T. Structural analyses of human toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms D299G and T399I. J Biol Chem 2012, 287:40611-40617.