Role of Galectin-3 in the initial control of Leishmania infection

Critical Reviews in Immunology

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 147-175

  Sato, Sachiko ^a   Bhaumik, Pampa ^a   St Pierre, Guillaume ^a   Pelletier, Isabelle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

DAMPs; Danger theory; Galectin 3; Glycobiology; Innate immunity; Lectin; Leishmania; Neutrophils; PAMPs

Indexed keywords

GALECTIN 3; LECTIN;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; ARTICLE; BINDING AFFINITY; CYTOSOL; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOMODULATION; INFECTION CONTROL; INNATE IMMUNITY; LECTIN BINDING; LEISHMANIA MAJOR; LEISHMANIASIS; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; ANIMAL; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY;

ANIMALS; GALECTIN 3; HUMANS; LEISHMANIASIS;

EID: 84897510388     PISSN: 10408401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2014010154     Document Type: Article

References (276)

1. Kaye P, Scott P. Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Aug;9(8):604-15. PubMed PMID: 21747391. Epub 2011/07/13. eng.
2. Soehnlein O, Lindbom L. Phagocyte partnership during the onset and resolution of inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Jun;10(6):427-39.
3. Nathan C. Neutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006 Mar;6(3):173-82.
4. Rabinovich GA, Toscano MA. Turning 'sweet' on immunity: galectin-glycan interactions in immune tolerance and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 May;9(5):338-52.
5. Vasta GR. Roles of galectins in infection. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 Jun;7(6):424-38.
6. Sato S, St-Pierre C, Bhaumik P, Nieminen J. Galectins in innate immunity: dual functions of host soluble beta-galactoside-binding lectins as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and as receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Immunol Rev. 2009 Jul;230(1):172-87.
7. Ashford RW, Desjeux P, Deraadt P. Estimation of population at risk of infection and number of cases of Leishmaniasis. Parasitol Today. 1992 Mar;8(3):104-5.
8. Ameen M. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: advances in disease pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010 Apr 27.
9. Kedzierski L. Leishmaniasis. Human vaccines. 2011 Nov;7(11):1204-14.
10. Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Lopez AD. Measuring the burden of neglected tropical diseases: the global burden of disease framework. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2007;1(2):e114.
11. Sacks DL. Leishmania-sand fly interactions controlling species-specific vector competence. Cell Microbiol. 2001;3(4):189-96.
12. de Almeida MC, Vilhena V, Barral A, Barral-Netto M. Leishmanial infection: analysis of its first steps. A review. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2003 Oct;98(7):861-70.
13. Sharma U, Singh S. Insect vectors of Leishmania: distribution, physiology and their control. J Vector Borne Dis. 2008 Dec;45(4):255-72.
14. McConville MJ, Naderer T. Metabolic pathways required for the intracellular survival of Leishmania. Annual review of microbiology. 2011;65:543-61.
15. Muraille E, Gounon P, Cazareth J, Hoebeke J, Lippuner C, Davalos-Misslitz A, Aebischer T, Muller S, Glaichenhaus N, Mougneau E. Direct visualization of peptide/ MHC complexes at the surface and in the intracellular compartments of cells infected in vivo by Leishmania major. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(10):e1001154.
16. Peters N, Sacks D. Immune privilege in sites of chronic infection: Leishmania and regulatory T cells. Immunol Rev. 2006 Oct;213:159-79.
17. Kamhawi S. The biological and immunomodulatory properties of sand fly saliva and its role in the establishment of Leishmania infections. Microbes Infect. 2000 Nov;2(14):1765-73.
18. Olivier M, Atayde VD, Isnard A, Hassani K, Shio MT. Leishmania virulence factors: focus on the metalloprotease GP63. Microbes Infect. 2012 Dec;14(15):1377-89.
19. Lambertz U, Silverman JM, Nandan D, McMaster WR, Clos J, Foster LJ, Reiner NE. Secreted virulence factors and immune evasion in visceral leishmaniasis. J Leukoc Biol. 2012 Jun;91(6):887-99.
20. Moradin N, Descoteaux A. Leishmania promastigotes: building a safe niche within macrophages. Frontiers Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;2:121.
21. Peters NC, Egen JG, Secundino N, Debrabant A, Kimblin N, Kamhawi S, Lawyer P, Fay MP, Germain RN, Sacks D. In vivo imaging reveals an essential role for neutrophils in leishmaniasis transmitted by sand flies. Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):970-4.
22. Beil WJ, Meinardus-Hager G, Neugebauer DC, Sorg C. Differences in the onset of the inflammatory response to cutaneous leishmaniasis in resistant and susceptible mice. J Leukoc Biol. 1992 Aug;52(2):135-42.
23. Matte C, Olivier M. Leishmania-induced cellular recruitment during the early inflammatory response: modulation of proinflammatory mediators. J Infect Dis. 2002 Mar 1;185(5):673-81.
24. Goncalves R, Zhang X, Cohen H, Debrabant A, Mosser DM. Platelet activation attracts a subpopulation of effector monocytes to sites of Leishmania major infection. J Exp Med. 2011 Jun 6;208(6):1253-65. PubMed PMID: 21606505.
25. Berman JD. Human leishmaniasis: clinical, diagnostic, and chemotherapeutic developments in the last 10 years. Clin Infectious Dis. 1997 Apr;24(4):684-703.
26. Sher A. Regulation of cell-mediated immunity by parasites: The ups and downs of an important host adaption. Mol Appr Parasitol. 1995:p.431-42.
27. Tabas I, Glass CK. Anti-inflammatory therapy in chronic disease: challenges and opportunities. Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):166-72.
28. Maurer M, Dondji B, von Stebut E. What determines the success or failure of intracellular cutaneous parasites? Lessons learned from leishmaniasis. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2009 Aug;198(3):137-46.
29. Tang D, Kang R, Coyne CB, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT. PAMPs and DAMPs: signal 0s that spur autophagy and immunity. Immunol Rev. 2012 Sep;249(1):158-75.
30. Hoffmann JA, Kafatos FC, Janeway CA, Ezekowitz RA. Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. Science. 1999;284(5418):1313-8.
31. Janeway CA, Jr., Medzhitov R. Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002;20:197-216. Epub 2001 Oct 4.
32. Medzhitov R, Janeway CA, Jr. Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system. Science. 2002;296(5566):298-300.
33. Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):783-801.
34. Palm NW, Medzhitov R. Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev. 2009 Jan;227(1):221-33.
35. Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity. 2011 May 27;34(5):637-50.
36. Kawai T, Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nature Immunol. 2010 May;11(5):373-84.
37. Matzinger P. The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science. 2002;296(5566):301-5.
38. Matzinger P. An innate sense of danger. Semin Immunol. 1998;10(5):399-415.
39. Wallin RP, Lundqvist A, More SH, von Bonin A, Kiessling R, Ljunggren HG. Heat-shock proteins as activators of the innate immune system. Trends Immunol. 2002;23(3):130-5.
40. Bertini R, Howard OM, Dong HF, Oppenheim JJ, Bizzarri C, Sergi R, Caselli G, Pagliei S, Romines B, Wilshire JA, Mengozzi M, Nakamura H, Yodoi J, Pekkari K, Gurunath R, Holmgren A, Herzenberg LA, Ghezzi P. Thioredoxin, a redox enzyme released in infection and inflammation, is a unique chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. J Exp Med. 1999;189(11):1783-9.
41. Scaffidi P, Misteli T, Bianchi ME. Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation. Nature. 2002 Jul 11;418(6894):191-5.
42. Kono H, Rock KL. How dying cells alert the immune system to danger. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Apr;8(4):279-89.
43. Rock KL, Lai JJ, Kono H. Innate and adaptive immune responses to cell death. Immunol Rev. 2011 Sep;243(1):191-205. PubMed PMID: 21884177.
44. Piccinini AM, Midwood KS. DAMPening inflammation by modulating TLR signalling. Mediators of Inflammation. 2010;2010. PubMed PMID: 20706656.
45. Marth JD, Grewal PK. Mammalian glycosylation in immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Nov;8(11):874-87.
46. Varki A, Freeze HH, Gagneux P. Evolution of Glycan Diversity. In: Varki A CR, Esko JD, Freeze HH, Stanley P, Bertozzi CR, Hart GW, Etzler ME, editor. Essentials of glycobiology, 2nd edition. 2010/03/20 ed. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2009.
47. Esko JD, Doering TL, Raetz CRH. Eubacteria and Archaea. In: Varki A CR, Esko JD, Freeze HH, Stanley P, Bertozzi CR, Hart GW, Etzler ME, editor. Essentials of glycobiology, 2nd edition. 2010/03/20 ed. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2009.
48. Cummings RD, Doering TL. Fungi. In: Varki A CR, Esko JD, Freeze HH, Stanley P, Bertozzi CR, Hart GW, Etzler ME, editor. Essentials of glycobiology, 2nd edition. 2010/03/20 ed. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2009.
49. Cummings RD, Esko JD. Nematoda. In: Varki A CR, Esko JD, Freeze HH, Stanley P, Bertozzi CR, Hart GW, Etzler ME, editor. Essentials of glycobiology, 2nd edition. 2010/03/20 ed. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2009.
50. Vasta GR. Galectins as pattern recognition receptors: structure, function, and evolution. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;946:21-36.
51. van Kooyk Y, Rabinovich GA. Protein-glycan interactions in the control of innate and adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2008 Jun;9(6):593-601.
52. Sato S. Galectin as a molecule of danger signal, which could evoke immune response to infection. Trends Glycosci Glycotechnol. 2002;14(79):285-301.
53. Sato S, Nieminen J. Seeing strangers or announcing "danger": galectin-3 in two models of innate immunity. Glycoconj J. 2004;19(7-9):583-91.
54. Sato S, Ouellet M, St-Pierre C, Tremblay MJ. Glycans, galectins, and HIV-1 infection. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2012 Apr;1253:133-48.
55. Sato S, Rabinovich GA. Galectins as danger signals in host-pathogen and host-tumor interactions: new members of the growing group of "alarmins"? In: Klysov AA, Witczak ZJ, Platt D, editors. Galectins. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008. p. 115-46.
56. Sato S, St-Pierre C, Nieminen J. Galectins as immunomodulators of neutrophils in the innate immune response. In: Girard D, editor. Phenotypic and functional changes of neutrophils activated by recently identified modulators. India: Research Signpost; 2007. p. 81-98.
57. Yang RY, Rabinovich GA, Liu FT. Galectins: structure, function and therapeutic potential. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2008;10:e17.
58. Liu FT, Rabinovich GA. Galectins: regulators of acute and chronic inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Jan;1183:158-82.
59. Cerliani JP, Stowell SR, Mascanfroni ID, Arthur CM, Cummings RD, Rabinovich GA. Expanding the universe of cytokines and pattern recognition receptors: galectins and glycans in innate immunity. J Clin Immunol. 2011 Feb;31(1):10-21.
60. Henderson NC, Sethi T. The regulation of inflammation by galectin-3. Immunol Rev. 2009 Jul;230(1):160-71.
61. Klysov AA, Witczak ZJ, Platt D. Galectins. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2008.
62. Special issue on galectins. Glycoconj J 2004;19(7-9):433-638.
63. Leffler H. Special issue on galectins. Glycoconj j. 2002;19:433-630.
64. Hirabayashi J, Kasai K. The family of metazoan metalindependent beta-galactoside-binding lectins: structure, function and molecular evolution. Glycobiology. 1993;3(4):297-304.
65. Nieminen J, Kuno A, Hirabayashi J, Sato S. Visualization of galectin-3 oligomerization on the surface of neutrophils and endothelial cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 12;282(2):1374-83.
66. Ahmad N, Gabius HJ, Andre S, Kaltner H, Sabesan S, Roy R, Liu B, Macaluso F, Brewer CF. Galectin-3 precipitates as a pentamer with synthetic multivalent carbohydrates and forms heterogeneous cross-linked complexes. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(12):10841-7. Epub 2003 Dec 12.
67. Dennis JW, Brewer CF. Density-dependent lectin-glycan interactions as a paradigm for conditional regulation by posttranslational modifications. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2013 Apr;12(4):913-20.
68. Boscher C, Dennis JW, Nabi IR. Glycosylation, galectins and cellular signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2011 May 24.
69. Dennis JW, Lau KS, Demetriou M, Nabi IR. Adaptive regulation at the cell surface by N-glycosylation. Traffic. 2009 Sep 2.
70. Lau KS, Partridge EA, Grigorian A, Silvescu CI, Reinhold VN, Demetriou M, Dennis JW. Complex N-glycan number and degree of branching cooperate to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell. 2007 Apr 6;129(1):123-34.
71. Partridge EA, Le Roy C, Di Guglielmo GM, Pawling J, Cheung P, Granovsky M, Nabi IR, Wrana JL, Dennis JW. Regulation of cytokine receptors by Golgi N-glycan processing and endocytosis. Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):120-4.
72. Demetriou M, Granovsky M, Quaggin S, Dennis JW. Negative regulation of T-cell activation and autoimmunity by Mgat5 N-glycosylation. Nature. 2001;409(6821):733-9.
73. Barondes SH, Cooper DN, Gitt MA, Leffler H. Galectins. Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins. J Biol Chem. 1994;269(33):20807-10.
74. Sparrow CP, Leffler H, Barondes SH. Multiple soluble beta-galactoside-binding lectins from human lung. J Biol Chem. 1987;262(15):7383-90.
75. Hirabayashi J, Hashidate T, Arata Y, Nishi N, Nakamura T, Hirashima M, Urashima T, Oka T, Futai M, Muller WE, Yagi F, Kasai K. Oligosaccharide specificity of galectins: a search by frontal affinity chromatography. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Sep 19;1572(2-3):232-54.
76. Nishi N, Abe A, Iwaki J, Yoshida H, Itoh A, Shoji H, Kamitori S, Hirabayashi J, Nakamura T. Functional and structural bases of a cysteine-less mutant as a longlasting substitute for galectin-1. Glycobiology. 2008 Dec;18(12):1065-73.
77. Sato S, Hughes RC. Binding specificity of a baby hamster kidney lectin for H type I and II chains, polylactosamine glycans, and appropriately glycosylated forms of laminin and fibronectin. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(10):6983-90.
78. Stowell SR, Arthur CM, Mehta P, Slanina KA, Blixt O, Leffler H, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Galectin-1,-2, and-3 exhibit differential recognition of sialylated glycans and blood group antigens. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 11;283(15):10109-23.
79. Toscano MA, Bianco GA, Ilarregui JM, Croci DO, Correale J, Hernandez JD, Zwirner NW, Poirier F, Riley EM, Baum LG, Rabinovich GA. Differential glycosylation of T(H)1, T(H)2 and T(H)-17 effector cells selectively regulates susceptibility to cell death. Nat Immunol. 2007 Aug;8(8):825-34.
80. Pelletier I, Sato S. Specific recognition and cleavage of galectin-3 by Leishmania major through species-specific polygalactose epitope. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(20):17663-70.
81. Pelletier I, Hashidate T, Urashima T, Nishi N, Nakamura T, Futai M, Arata Y, Kasai K, Hirashima M, Hirabayashi J, Sato S. Specific recognition of Leishmania major poly-beta-galactosyl epitopes by galectin-9: possible implication of galectin-9 in interaction between L. major and host cells. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22223-30.
82. Ouellet M, Mercier S, Pelletier I, Bounou S, Roy J, Hirabayashi J, Sato S, Tremblay MJ. Galectin-1 acts as a soluble host factor that promotes HIV-1 infectivity through stabilization of virus attachment to host cells. J Immunol. 2005 Apr 1;174(7):4120-6.
83. St-Pierre C, Manya H, Ouellet M, Clark GF, Endo T, Tremblay MJ, Sato S. Host-soluble galectin-1 promotes HIV-1 replication through a direct interaction with glycans of viral gp120 and host CD4. J Virol. 2011 Nov;85(22):11742-51. PubMed PMID: 21880749.
84. Madsen P, Rasmussen HH, Flint T, Gromov P, Kruse TA, Honore B, Vorum H, Celis JE. Cloning, expression, and chromosome mapping of human galectin-7. J Biol Chem. 1995;270(11):5823-9.
85. Magnaldo T, Bernerd F, Darmon M. Galectin-7, a human 14-kDa S-lectin, specifically expressed in keratinocytes and sensitive to retinoic acid. Dev Biol. 1995;168:259-71.
86. Liu FT. Regulatory roles of galectins in the immune response. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2005 Apr;136(4):385-400.
87. Rabinovich GA, Liu FT, Hirashima M, Anderson A. An emerging role for galectins in tuning the immune response: lessons from experimental models of inflammatory disease, autoimmunity and cancer. Scand J Immunol. 2007 Aug;66(2-3):143-58.
88. Rabinovich G, Castagna L, Landa C, Riera CM, Sotomayor C. Regulated expression of a 16-kd galectinlike protein in activated rat macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59(3):363-70.
89. Rabinovich GA, Iglesias MM, Modesti NM, Castagna LF, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Riera CM, Sotomayor CE. Activated rat macrophages produce a galectin-1-like protein that induces apoptosis of T cells: biochemical and functional characterization. J Immunol. 1998;160(10):4831-40.
90. Baum LG, Pang M, Perillo NL, Wu T, Delegeane A, Uittenbogaart CH, Fukuda M, Seilhamer JJ. Human thymic epithelial cells express an endogenous lectin, galectin-1, which binds to core 2 O-glycans on thymocytes and T lymphoblastoid cells. J Exp Med. 1995;181(3):877-87.
91. Baum LG, Seilhamer JJ, Pang M, Levine WB, Beynon D, Berliner JA. Synthesis of an endogeneous lectin, galectin-1, by human endothelial cells is up-regulated by endothelial cell activation. Glycoconj J. 1995;12(1):63-8.
92. Zuniga E, Rabinovich GA, Iglesias MM, Gruppi A. Regulated expression of galectin-1 during B-cell activation and implications for T-cell apoptosis. J Leukoc Biol. 2001;70(1):73-9.
93. Stillman BN, Hsu DK, Pang M, Brewer CF, Johnson P, Liu FT, Baum LG. Galectin-3 and galectin-1 bind distinct cell surface glycoprotein receptors to induce T cell death. J Immunol. 2006 Jan 15;176(2):778-89.
94. Garin MI, Chu CC, Golshayan D, Cernuda-Morollon E, Wait R, Lechler RI. Galectin-1: a key effector of regulation mediated by CD4+CD25+ T cells. Blood. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):2058-65.
95. Sugimoto N, Oida T, Hirota K, Nakamura K, Nomura T, Uchiyama T, Sakaguchi S. Foxp3-dependent and-independent molecules specific for CD25+CD4+ natural regulatory T cells revealed by DNA microarray analysis. Int Immunol. 2006 Aug;18(8):1197-209.
96. Sato S, Ouellet N, Pelletier I, Simard M, Rancourt A, Bergeron MG. Role of galectin-3 as an adhesion molecule for neutrophil extravasation during streptococcal pneumonia. J Immunol. 2002;168(4):1813-22.
97. Hirashima M, Kashio Y, Nishi N, Yamauchi A, Imaizumi TA, Kageshita T, Saita N, Nakamura T. Galectin-9 in physiological and pathological conditions. Glycoconj J. 2004;19(7-9):593-600.
98. Rabinovich GA, Baum LG, Tinari N, Paganelli R, Natoli C, Liu FT, Iacobelli S. Galectins and their ligands: amplifiers, silencers or tuners of the inflammatory response? Trends Immunol. 2002;23(6):313-20.
99. Zuniga E, Gruppi A, Hirabayashi J, Kasai KI, Rabinovich GA. Regulated expression and effect of galectin-1 on Trypanosoma cruzi-infected macrophages: modulation of microbicidal activity and survival. Infect Immun. 2001 Nov;69(11):6804-12.
100. Vray B, Camby I, Vercruysse V, Mijatovic T, Bovin NV, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Kaltner H, Salmon I, Gabius HJ, Kiss R. Up-regulation of galectin-3 and its ligands by Trypanosoma cruzi infection with modulation of adhesion and migration of murine dendritic cells. Glycobiology. 2004 Jul;14(7):647-57.
101. van den Berg TK, Honing H, Franke N, van Remoortere A, Schiphorst WE, Liu FT, Deelder AM, Cummings RD, Hokke CH, van Die I. LacdiNAc-glycans constitute a parasite pattern for galectin-3-mediated immune recognition. J Immunol. 2004;173(3):1902-7.
102. Bernardes ES, Silva NM, Ruas LP, Mineo JR, Loyola AM, Hsu DK, Liu FT, Chammas R, Roque-Barreira MC. Toxoplasma gondii infection reveals a novel regulatory role for galectin-3 in the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. Am J Pathol. 2006 Jun;168(6):1910-20.
103. Fowler M, Thomas RJ, Atherton J, Roberts IS, High NJ. Galectin-3 binds to Helicobacter pylori O-antigen: it is upregulated and rapidly secreted by gastric epithelial cells in response to H. pylori adhesion. Cell Microbiol. 2006 Jan;8(1):44-54.
104. Kasamatsu A, Uzawa K, Shimada K, Shiiba M, Otsuka Y, Seki N, Abiko Y, Tanzawa H. Elevation of galectin-9 as an inflammatory response in the periodontal ligament cells exposed to Porphylomonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Feb;37(2):397-408.
105. Fogel S, Guittaut M, Legrand A, Monsigny M, Hebert E. The tat protein of HIV-1 induces galectin-3 expression. Glycobiology. 1999;9(4):383-7.
106. Hsu DK, Hammes SR, Kuwabara I, Greene WC, Liu FT. Human T lymphotropic virus-I infection of human T lymphocytes induces expression of the betagalactoside-binding lectin, galectin-3. Am J Pathol. 1996;148(5):1661-70.
107. Schroder HC, Ushijima H, Theis C, Seve AP, Hubert J, Muller WE. Expression of nuclear lectin carbohydratebinding protein 35 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected Molt-3 cells. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995 Aug 1;9(4):340-8.
108. Nieminen J, St-Pierre C, Bhaumik P, Poirier F, Sato S. Role of galectin-3 in leukocyte recruitment in a murine model of lung infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Immunol. 2008 Feb 15;180(4):2466-73.
109. Hughes RC. Secretion of the galectin family of mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999;1473(1):172-85.
110. Cooper DN, Barondes SH. Evidence for export of a muscle lectin from cytosol to extracellular matrix and for a novel secretory mechanism. J Cell Biol. 1990;110(5):1681-91.
111. Sato S, Burdett I, Hughes RC. Secretion of the baby hamster kidney 30-kDa galactose-binding lectin from polarized and nonpolarized cells: a pathway independent of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex. Exp Cell Res. 1993;207(1):8-18.
112. Sato S, Hughes RC. Regulation of secretion and surface expression of Mac-2, a galactoside-binding protein of macrophages. J Biol Chem. 1994;269(6):4424-30.
113. Nickel W. The mystery of nonclassical protein secretion. A current view on cargo proteins and potential export routes. Eur J Biochem. 2003 May;270(10):2109-19.
114. Nickel W. Unconventional secretory routes: direct protein export across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Traffic. 2005 Aug;6(8):607-14.
115. Bianchi ME. DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger. J Leukoc Biol. 2007 Jan;81(1):1-5.
116. Oppenheim JJ, Tewary P, de la Rosa G, Yang D. Alarmins initiate host defense. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;601:185-94.
117. Fuertes MB, Molinero LL, Toscano MA, Ilarregui JM, Rubinstein N, Fainboim L, Zwirner NW, Rabinovich GA. Regulated expression of galectin-1 during T-cell activation involves Lck and Fyn kinases and signaling through MEK1/ERK, p38 MAP kinase and p70S6 kinase. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 Dec;267(1-2):177-85.
118. Rabinovich GA, Ramhorst RE, Rubinstein N, Corigliano A, Daroqui MC, Kier-Joffe EB, Fainboim L. Induction of allogenic T-cell hyporesponsiveness by galectin-1-mediated apoptotic and non-apoptotic mechanisms. Cell Death Differ. 2002 Jun;9(6):661-70.
119. Prudovsky I, Tarantini F, Landriscina M, Neivandt D, Soldi R, Kirov A, Small D, Kathir KM, Rajalingam D, Kumar TK. Secretion without Golgi. J Cell Biochem. 2008 Apr 1;103(5):1327-43.
120. Nickel W, Rabouille C. Mechanisms of regulated unconventional protein secretion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Feb;10(2):148-55.
121. Blaser C, Kaufmann M, Muller C, Zimmermann C, Wells V, Mallucci L, Pircher H. Beta-galactosidebinding protein secreted by activated T cells inhibits antigen-induced proliferation of T cells. Eur J Immunol. 1998;28(8):2311-9.
122. Gil CD, La M, Perretti M, Oliani SM. Interaction of human neutrophils with endothelial cells regulates the expression of endogenous proteins annexin 1, galectin-1 and galectin-3. Cell Biol Int. 2006 Apr;30(4):338-44.
123. Cherayil BJ, Weiner SJ, Pillai S. The Mac-2 antigen is a galactose-specific lectin that binds IgE. J Exp Med. 1989;170(6):1959-72.
124. Sato S, Hughes RC. Control of Mac-2 surface expression on murine macrophage cell lines. Eur J Immunol. 1994;24(1):216-21.
125. Nieminen J, St-Pierre C, Sato S. Galectin-3 interacts with naive and primed neutrophils, inducing innate immune responses. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Nov;78(5):1127-35.
126. Bhaumik P, St-Pierre G, Milot V, St-Pierre C, Sato S. Galectin-3 facilitates neutrophil recruitment as an innate immune response to a parasitic protozoa cutaneous infection. Immunol. 2013 Jan 15;190(2):630-40. PubMed PMID: 23241887. Epub 2012/12/18. eng.
127. Mercier S, St-Pierre C, Pelletier I, Ouellet M, Tremblay MJ, Sato S. Galectin-1 promotes HIV-1 infectivity in macrophages through stabilization of viral adsorption. Virology. 2008 Feb 5;371(1):121-9.
128. Garner OB, Aguilar HC, Fulcher JA, Levroney EL, Harrison R, Wright L, Robinson LR, Aspericueta V, Panico M, Haslam SM, Morris HR, Dell A, Lee B, Baum LG. Endothelial galectin-1 binds to specific glycans on nipah virus fusion protein and inhibits maturation, mobility, and function to block syncytia formation. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(7):e1000993.
129. Levroney EL, Aguilar HC, Fulcher JA, Kohatsu L, Pace KE, Pang M, Gurney KB, Baum LG, Lee B. Novel innate immune functions for galectin-1: galectin-1 inhibits cell fusion by nipah virus envelope glycoproteins and augments dendritic cell secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. J Immunol. 2005 Jul 1;175(1):413-20.
130. Stowell SR, Arthur CM, Dias-Baruffi M, Rodrigues LC, Gourdine JP, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Ju T, Molinaro RJ, Rivera-Marrero C, Xia B, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Innate immune lectins kill bacteria expressing blood group antigen. Nat Med. 2010 Mar;16(3):295-301.
131. Kohatsu L, Hsu DK, Jegalian AG, Liu FT, Baum LG. Galectin-3 induces death of Candida species expressing specific beta-1,2-linked mannans. J Immunol. 2006 Oct 1;177(7):4718-26.
132. Fradin C, Poulain D, Jouault T. beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides from Candida albicans bind to a 32-kilodalton macrophage membrane protein homologous to the mammalian lectin galectin-3. Infect Immun. 2000;68(8):4391-8.
133. Jouault T, El Abed-El Behi M, Martinez-Esparza M, Breuilh L, Trinel PA, Chamaillard M, Trottein F, Poulain D. Specific recognition of Candida albicans by macrophages requires galectin-3 to discriminate Saccharomyces cerevisiae and needs association with TLR2 for signaling. J Immunol. 2006 Oct 1;177(7):4679-87.
134. van Die I, Cummings RD. Glycans modulate immune responses in helminth infections and allergy. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2006;90:91-112.
135. Lalancette-Hebert M, Swarup V, Beaulieu JM, Bohacek I, Abdelhamid E, Weng YC, Sato S, Kriz J. Galectin-3 is required for resident microglia activation and proliferation in response to ischemic injury. J Neurosci. 2012 Jul 25;32(30):10383-95.
136. Karlsson A, Follin P, Leffler H, Dahlgren C. Galectin-3 activates the NADPH-oxidase in exudated but not peripheral blood neutrophils. Blood. 1998;91(9):3430-8.
137. Yamaoka A, Kuwabara I, Frigeri LG, Liu FT. A human lectin, galectin-3 (epsilon bp/Mac-2), stimulates superoxide production by neutrophils. J Immunol. 1995;154(7):3479-87.
138. Wang J, Barke RA, Charboneau R, Roy S. Morphine impairs host innate immune response and increases susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection. J Immunol. 2005 Jan 1;174(1):426-34.
139. Fermino ML, Dias FC, Lopes CD, Souza MA, Cruz AK, Liu FT, Chammas R, Roque-Barreira MC, Rabinovich GA, Bernardes ES. Galectin-3 negatively regulates the frequency and function of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and influences the course of Leishmania major infection. Eur J Immunol. 2013 Jul;43(7):1806-17.
140. Breuilh L, Vanhoutte F, Fontaine J, van Stijn CM, Tillie-Leblond I, Capron M, Faveeuw C, Jouault T, van Die I, Gosset P, Trottein F. Galectin-3 modulates immune and inflammatory responses during helminthic infection: impact of galectin-3 deficiency on the functions of dendritic cells. Infect Immun. 2007 Nov;75(11):5148-57.
141. Saegusa J, Hsu DK, Chen HY, Yu L, Fermin A, Fung MA, Liu FT. Galectin-3 is critical for the development of the allergic inflammatory response in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Am J Pathol. 2009 Jan 29.
142. Demotte N, Stroobant V, Courtoy PJ, Van Der Smissen P, Colau D, Luescher IF, Hivroz C, Nicaise J, Squifflet JL, Mourad M, Godelaine D, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. Restoring the association of the T cell receptor with CD8 reverses anergy in human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunity. 2008 Mar;28(3):414-24.
143. Zuberi RI, Hsu DK, Kalayci O, Chen HY, Sheldon HK, Yu L, Apgar JR, Kawakami T, Lilly CM, Liu FT. Critical role for galectin-3 in airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma. Am J Pathol. 2004 Dec;165(6):2045-53.
144. MacKinnon AC, Farnworth SL, Hodkinson PS, Henderson NC, Atkinson KM, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Haslett C, Forbes SJ, Sethi T. Regulation of alternative macrophage activation by galectin-3. J Immunol. 2008 Feb 15;180(4):2650-8.
145. Moody SF. Molecular variation in Leishmania. Acta Tropica. 1993;53:184-204.
146. Pearson RD, Sousa AQ. Clinical spectrum of Leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Disa. 1996 Jan;22(1):1-13.
147. Organization WH. Control of the leishmaniases. Report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22-26 March 2010. Introduction. Who Tech Rep Ser. 2010;949.
148. Xin L, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Raimer SS, Kelly BC, Hu J, Zhu L, Sun J, Soong L. Type I IFN receptor regulates neutrophil functions and innate immunity to Leishmania parasites. J Immunol. 2010 Jun 15;184(12):7047-56.
149. Thalhofer CJ, Chen Y, Sudan B, Love-Homan L, Wilson ME. Leukocytes infiltrate the skin and draining lymph nodes in response to the protozoan Leishmania infantum chagasi. Infect Immun. 2011 Jan;79(1):108-17.
150. Zhang WW, Mendez S, Ghosh A, Myler P, Ivens A, Clos J, Sacks DL, Matlashewski G. Comparison of the A2 gene locus in Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major and its control over cutaneous infection. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 12;278(37):35508-15.
151. McCall LI, Zhang WW, Matlashewski G. Determinants for the development of visceral leishmaniasis disease. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Jan;9(1):e1003053. PubMed PMID: 23300451.
152. Turco SJ, Descoteaux A. The lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania parasites. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1992;46:65-94.
153. Yao C. Major surface protease of trypanosomatids: one size fits all? Infect Immun. 2010 Jan;78(1):22-31.
154. Button LL, McMaster WR. Molecular cloning of the major surface antigen of Leishmania. J Exp Med. 1988;167(2):724-9.
155. Webb JR, McMaster WR. Molecular cloning and expression of a Leishmania major gene encoding a singlestranded DNA-binding protein containing nine "CCHC" zinc finger motifs. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(19):13994-4002.
156. Raymond F, Boisvert S, Roy G, Ritt JF, Legare D, Isnard A, Stanke M, Olivier M, Tremblay MJ, Papadopoulou B, Ouellette M, Corbeil J. Genome sequencing of the lizard parasite Leishmania tarentolae reveals loss of genes associated to the intracellular stage of human pathogenic species. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Feb;40(3):1131-47.
157. de Assis RR, Ibraim IC, Nogueira PM, Soares RP, Turco SJ. Glycoconjugates in New World species of Leishmania: polymorphisms in lipophosphoglycan and glycoinositolphospholipids and interaction with hosts. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Sep;1820(9):1354-65.
158. McConville MJ, Thomas-Oates JE, Ferguson MA, Homans SW. Structure of the lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania major. J Biol Chem. 1990;265(32):19611-23.
159. Thomas JR, McConville MJ, Thomas-Oates JE, Homans SW, Ferguson MA, Gorin PA, Greis KD, Turco SJ. Refined structure of the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania donovani. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(10):6829-33.
160. Spath GF, Lye LF, Segawa H, Sacks DL, Turco SJ, Beverley SM. Persistence without pathology in phosphoglycan-deficient Leishmania major. Science. 2003;301(5637):1241-3.
161. Ilg T. Proteophosphoglycans of Leishmania. Parasitol Today. 2000;16(11):489-97.
162. Guha-Niyogi A, Sullivan DR, Turco SJ. Glycoconjugate structures of parasitic protozoa. Glycobiology. 2001;11(4):45R-59R.
163. Spath GF, Garraway LA, Turco SJ, Beverley SM. The role(s) of lipophosphoglycan (LPG) in the establishment of Leishmania major infections in mammalian hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9536-41.
164. Franco LH, Beverley SM, Zamboni DS. Innate immune activation and subversion of mammalian functions by Leishmania lipophosphoglycan. J Parasitol Res. 2012;2012:165126.
165. Lodge R, Descoteaux A. Modulation of phagolysosome biogenesis by the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania. Clin Immunol. 2005 Mar;114(3):256-65.
166. Ilg T, Etges R, Overath P, McConville MJ, Thomas-Oates J, Thomas J, Homans SW, Ferguson MA. Structure of Leishmania mexicana lipophosphoglycan. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(10):6834-40.
167. McConville MJ, Turco SJ, Ferguson MA, Sacks DL. Developmental modification of lipophosphoglycan during the differentiation of Leishmania major promastigotes to an infectious stage. Embo J. 1992;11(10):3593-600.
168. Dobson DE, Kamhawi S, Lawyer P, Turco SJ, Beverley SM, Sacks DL. Leishmania major survival in selective Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly vector requires a specific SCG-encoded lipophosphoglycan galactosylation pattern. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(11):e1001185.
169. Sacks D, Anderson C. Re-examination of the immunosuppressive mechanisms mediating non-cure of Leishmania infection in mice. Immunol Rev. 2004 Oct;201:225-38.
170. Anderson CF, Mendez S, Sacks DL. Nonhealing infection despite Th1 polarization produced by a strain of Leishmania major in C57BL/6 mice. J Immunol. 2005 Mar 1;174(5):2934-41.
171. Butcher BA, Turco SJ, Hilty BA, Pimenta PF, Panunzio M, Sacks DL. Deficiency in beta1,3-galactosyltransferase of a Leishmania major lipophosphoglycan mutant adversely influences the Leishmania-sand fly interaction. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(34):20573-9.
172. Ueno N, Wilson ME. Receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Leishmania: implications for intracellular survival. Trends Parasitol. 2012 Aug;28(8):335-44.
173. Schamber-Reis BL, Petritus PM, Caetano BC, Martinez ER, Okuda K, Golenbock D, Scott P, Gazzinelli RT. UNC93B1 and nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors mediate host resistance to infection with Leishmania major. J Biol Chem. 2013 Mar 8;288(10):7127-36.
174. Tuon FF, Amato VS, Bacha HA, Almusawi T, Duarte MI, Amato Neto V. Toll-like receptors and leishmaniasis. Infect Immun. 2008 Mar;76(3):866-72.
175. Da Silva RP, Hall BF, Joiner KA, Sacks DL. CR1, the C3b receptor, mediates binding of infective Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes to human macrophages. J Immunol. 1989;143:617-22.
176. Mosser DM, Edelson PJ. The mouse macrophage receptor for C3bi (CR3) is a major mechanism in the phagocytosis of Leishmania promastigotes. J Immunol. 1985;135:2785-9.
177. Russell DG, Wright SD. Complement receptor type 3 (CR3) binds to Arg-Gly-Asp-containing region of the major sub-glycoprotein, gp63, of Leishmania promastigotes. J Exp Med. 1988;168:279-92.
178. Soteriadou FP, Remoundos MS, Katsikas MC, Tzinia AK, Tsikaris V, Sakarellos C, Tzartos SJ. The ser-arg-tyr-asp region of the major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania mimics the arg-gly-asp-ser cell attachment region of fibronectin. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:13980-5.
179. Puentes SM, Sacks DL, da Silva RP, Joiner KA. Complement binding by two developmental stages of Leishmania major promastigotes varying in expression of a surface lipophosphoglycan. J Exp Med. 1988;167(3):887-902.
180. Brittingham A, Morrison CJ, McMaster WR, McGwire BS, Chang KP, Mosser DM. Role of the Leishmania surface protease gp63 in complement fixation, cell adhesion, and resistance to complement-mediated lysis. J Immunol. 1995;155(6):3102-11.
181. Mosser DM, Springer TA, Diamond MS. Leishmania promastigotes require opsonic complement to bind to the human leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18). J Cell Biol. 1992;116:511-20.
182. Mosser DM, Vlassara H, Edelson PJ, Cerami A. Leishmania promastigotes are recognized by the macrophage receptor for advanced glycosylation endproducts. J Exp Med. 1987;165:140-5.
183. Blackwell JM, Ezekowitz RA, Roberts MB, Channon JY, Sim RB, Gordon S. Macrophage complement and lectin-like receptors bind Leishmania in the absence of serum. J Exp Med. 1985;162(1):324-31.
184. Lefevre L, Lugo-Villarino G, Meunier E, Valentin A, Olagnier D, Authier H, Duval C, Dardenne C, Bernad J, Lemesre JL, Auwerx J, Neyrolles O, Pipy B, Coste A. The C-type lectin receptors dectin-1, MR, and SIGNR3 contribute both positively and negatively to the macrophage response to Leishmania infantum. Immunity. 2013 May 23;38(5):1038-49.
185. Kamhawi S, Ramalho-Ortigao M, Pham VM, Kumar S, Lawyer PG, Turco SJ, Barillas-Mury C, Sacks DL, Valenzuela JG. A role for insect galectins in parasite survival. Cell. 2004 Oct 29;119(3):329-41.
186. Yao C, Donelson JE, Wilson ME. Internal and surface localized major surface proteases of Leishmania spp. and their differential release from promastigotes. Eukaryot Cell. 2007 Oct;6(10):1905-12.
187. Kropf P, Fuentes JM, Fahnrich E, Arpa L, Herath S, Weber V, Soler G, Celada A, Modolell M, Muller I. Arginase and polyamine synthesis are key factors in the regulation of experimental leishmaniasis in vivo. Faseb J. 2005 Jun;19(8):1000-2.
188. Odegaard JI, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Goforth MH, Morel CR, Subramanian V, Mukundan L, Red Eagle A, Vats D, Brombacher F, Ferrante AW, Chawla A. Macrophage-specific PPAR-gamma controls alternative activation and improves insulin resistance. Nature. 2007 Jun 28;447(7148):1116-20.
189. Sacks D, Noben-Trauth N. The immunology of susceptibility and resistance to Leishmania major in mice. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Nov;2(11):845-58.
190. Soehnlein O. An elegant defense: how neutrophils shape the immune response. Trends Immunol. 2009 Nov;30(11):511-2.
191. Borregaard N, Cowland JB. Granules of the human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Blood. 1997;89:3503-21.
192. Segal AW. How neutrophils kill microbes. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:197-223.
193. Witko-Sarsat V, Rieu P, Descamps-Latscha B, Lesavre P, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L. Neutrophils: molecules, functions, and pathophysiological aspects. Lab Invest. 2000;80:617.
194. Papayannopoulos V, Zychlinsky A. NETs: a new strategy for using old weapons. Trends Immunol. 2009 Nov;30(11):513-21.
195. Gabriel C, McMaster WR, Girard D, Descoteaux A. Leishmania donovani promastigotes evade the antimicrobial activity of neutrophil extracellular traps. J Immunol. 2010 Oct 1;185(7):4319-27.
196. Guimaraes-Costa AB, Nascimento MT, Froment GS, Soares RP, Morgado FN, Conceicao-Silva F, Saraiva EM. Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes induce and are killed by neutrophil extracellular traps. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 21;106(16):6748-53.
197. Farnworth SL, Henderson NC, Mackinnon AC, Atkinson KM, Wilkinson T, Dhaliwal K, Hayashi K, Simpson AJ, Rossi AG, Haslett C, Sethi T. Galectin-3 reduces the severity of pneumococcal pneumonia by augmenting neutrophil function. Am J Pathol. 2008 Feb;172(2):395-405.
198. Hsu DK, Yang RY, Pan Z, Yu L, Salomon DR, Fung-Leung WP, Liu FT. Targeted disruption of the galectin-3 gene results in attenuated peritoneal inflammatory responses. Am J Pathol. 2000;156(3):1073-83.
199. Colnot C, Ripoche MA, Milon G, Montagutelli X, Crocker PR, Poirier F. Maintenance of granulocyte numbers during acute peritonitis is defective in galectin-3-null mutant mice. Immunology. 1998;94(3):290-6.
200. Charmoy M, Auderset F, Allenbach C, Tacchini-Cottier F. The prominent role of neutrophils during the initial phase of infection by Leishmania parasites. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:719361.
201. Ritter U, Frischknecht F, van Zandbergen G. Are neutrophils important host cells for Leishmania parasites? Trends Parasitol. 2009 Nov;25(11):505-10.
202. Ribeiro-Gomes FL, Sacks D. The influence of early neutrophil-Leishmania interactions on the host immune response to infection. Frontiers Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;2:59.
203. Laufs H, Muller K, Fleischer J, Reiling N, Jahnke N, Jensenius JC, Solbach W, Laskay T. Intracellular survival of Leishmania major in neutrophil granulocytes after uptake in the absence of heat-labile serum factors. Infect Immun. 2002 Feb;70(2):826-35.
204. van Zandbergen G, Klinger M, Mueller A, Dannenberg S, Gebert A, Solbach W, Laskay T. Cutting edge: neutrophil granulocyte serves as a vector for Leishmania entry into macrophages. J Immunol. 2004 Dec 1;173(11):6521-5.
205. Gueirard P, Laplante A, Rondeau C, Milon G, Desjardins M. Trafficking of Leishmania donovani promastigotes in non-lytic compartments in neutrophils enables the subsequent transfer of parasites to macrophages. Cell Microbiol. 2008 Jan;10(1):100-11.
206. Mollinedo F, Janssen H, de la Iglesia-Vicente J, Villa-Pulgarin JA, Calafat J. Selective fusion of azurophilic granules with Leishmania-containing phagosomes in human neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 2010 Nov 5;285(45):34528-36. PubMed PMID: 20801889.
207. Springer TA. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell. 1994;76(2):301-14.
208. Hogg JC, Doerschuk CM. Leukocyte traffic in the lung. Annu Rev Physiol. 1995;57:97-114.
209. McDonald B, Kubes P. Cellular and molecular choreography of neutrophil recruitment to sites of sterile inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2011 Nov;89(11):1079-88.
210. Hallett MB, Lloyds D. Neutrophil priming: the cellular signals that say 'amber' but not 'green'. Immunol Today. 1995;16(6):264-8.
211. Faurschou M, Borregaard N. Neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles in inflammation. Microbes Infect. 2003 Nov;5(14):1317-27.
212. Seely AJ, Pascual JL, Christou NV. Science review: cell membrane expression (connectivity) regulates neutrophil delivery, function and clearance. Crit Care. 2003 Aug;7(4):291-307.
213. Mayadas TN, Cullere X, Lowell CA. The multifaceted functions of neutrophils. Ann Rev Pathol. 2013 Sep 16.
214. Tepper RI, Coffman RL, Leder P. An eosinophildependent mechanism for the antitumor effect of interleukin-4. Science. 1992 Jul 24;257(5069):548-51. PubMed PMID: 1636093.
215. Daley JM, Thomay AA, Connolly MD, Reichner JS, Albina JE. Use of Ly6G-specific monoclonal antibody to deplete neutrophils in mice. J Leukoc Biol. 2008 Jan;83(1):64-70.
216. Fleming TJ, Fleming ML, Malek TR. Selective expression of Ly-6G on myeloid lineage cells in mouse bone marrow. RB6-8C5 mAb to granulocyte-differentiation antigen (Gr-1) detects members of the Ly-6 family. J Immunol. 1993 Sep 1;151(5):2399-408.
217. Hestdal K, Ruscetti FW, Ihle JN, Jacobsen SE, Dubois CM, Kopp WC, Longo DL, Keller JR. Characterization and regulation of RB6-8C5 antigen expression on murine bone marrow cells. J Immunol. 1991 Jul 1;147(1):22-8.
218. Jutila MA, Kroese FG, Jutila KL, Stall AM, Fiering S, Herzenberg LA, Berg EL, Butcher EC. Ly-6C is a monocyte/macrophage and endothelial cell differentiation antigen regulated by interferon-gamma. Eur J Immunol. 1988 Nov;18(11):1819-26.
219. Ribeiro-Gomes FL, Otero AC, Gomes NA, Moniz-De-Souza MC, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Arnholdt AC, Calich VL, Coutinho SG, Lopes MF, DosReis GA. Macrophage interactions with neutrophils regulate Leishmania major infection. J Immunol. 2004 Apr 1;172(7):4454-62.
220. Tacchini-Cottier F, Zweifel C, Belkaid Y, Mukankundiye C, Vasei M, Launois P, Milon G, Louis JA. An immunomodulatory function for neutrophils during the induction of a CD4+ Th2 response in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. J Immunol. 2000 Sep 1;165(5):2628-36.
221. Peters NC, Kimblin N, Secundino N, Kamhawi S, Lawyer P, Sacks DL. Vector transmission of leishmania abrogates vaccine-induced protective immunity. PLoS Pathog. 2009 Jun;5(6):e1000484.
222. Kamhawi S, Belkaid Y, Modi G, Rowton E, Sacks D. Protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis resulting from bites of uninfected sand flies. Science. 2000;290(5495):1351-4.
223. Belkaid Y, Kamhawi S, Modi G, Valenzuela J, Noben-Trauth N, Rowton E, Ribeiro J, Sacks DL. Development of a natural model of cutaneous leishmaniasis: powerful effects of vector saliva and saliva preexposure on the long-term outcome of Leishmania major infection in the mouse ear dermis. J Exp Med. 1998;188(10):1941-53.
224. Naik S, Bouladoux N, Wilhelm C, Molloy MJ, Salcedo R, Kastenmuller W, Deming C, Quinones M, Koo L, Conlan S, Spencer S, Hall JA, Dzutsev A, Kong H, Campbell DJ, Trinchieri G, Segre JA, Belkaid Y. Compartmentalized control of skin immunity by resident commensals. Science. 2012 Aug 31;337(6098):1115-9.
225. Miller LS, O'Connell RM, Gutierrez MA, Pietras EM, Shahangian A, Gross CE, Thirumala A, Cheung AL, Cheng G, Modlin RL. MyD88 mediates neutrophil recruitment initiated by IL-1R but not TLR2 activation in immunity against Staphylococcus aureus. Immunity. 2006 Jan;24(1):79-91.
226. Ribeiro-Gomes FL, Peters NC, Debrabant A, Sacks DL. Efficient capture of infected neutrophils by dendritic cells in the skin inhibits the early anti-leishmania response. PLoS Pathog. 2012 Feb;8(2):e1002536.
227. Rosenspire AJ, Kindzelskii AL, Petty HR. Cutting edge: fever-associated temperatures enhance neutrophil responses to lipopolysaccharide: a potential mechanism involving cell metabolism. J Immunol. 2002 Nov 15;169(10):5396-400.
228. Scott P. Impaired macrophage leishmanicidal activity at cutaneous temperature. Parasite Immunol. 1985 May;7(3):277-88.
229. Mosser DM, Edwards JP. Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Dec;8(12):958-69.
230. Zhang X, Majlessi L, Deriaud E, Leclerc C, Lo-Man R. Coactivation of Syk kinase and MyD88 adaptor protein pathways by bacteria promotes regulatory properties of neutrophils. Immunity. 2009 Nov 20;31(5):761-71.
231. Tsuda Y, Takahashi H, Kobayashi M, Hanafusa T, Herndon DN, Suzuki F. Three different neutrophil subsets exhibited in mice with different susceptibilities to infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Immunity. 2004 Aug;21(2):215-26.
232. Fridlender ZG, Sun J, Kim S, Kapoor V, Cheng G, Ling L, Worthen GS, Albelda SM. Polarization of tumorassociated neutrophil phenotype by TGF-beta: "N1" versus "N2" TAN. Cancer Cell. 2009 Sep 8;16(3):183-94.
233. Butcher EC, Picker LJ. Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis. Science. 1996;272:60-6.
234. Carlos TM, Harlan JM. Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules. Blood. 1994;84:2068-101.
235. Ley K, Laudanna C, Cybulsky MI, Nourshargh S. Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 Sep;7(9):678-89.
236. Mizgerd J, P., Meek B, B., Kutkoski G, J., Bullard D, C., Beaudet A, L., Doerschuk C, M. Selectins and neutrophil traffic: margination and Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced emigration in murine lungs. J Exp Med. 1996;184:639-45.
237. Mizgerd JP, Horwitz BH, Quillen HC, Scott ML, Doerschuk CM. Effects of CD18 deficiency on the emigration of murine neutrophils during pneumonia. J Immunol. 1999;163(2):995-9.
238. Mizgerd J, P., Kubo H, Kutkoski G, J., Bhagwan S, D., Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Beaudet A, L., Doerschuk C, M. Neutrophil emigration in the skin, lungs, and peritoneum: different requirements for CD11/ CD18 revealed by CD-18-deficient mice. J Exp Med. 1997;186:1357-64.
239. Burns AR, Smith CW, Walker DC. Unique structural features that influence neutrophil emigration into the lung. Physiol Rev. 2003 Apr;83(2):309-36.
240. Tasaka S, Richer SE, Mizgerd JP, Doerschuk CM. Very late antigen-4 in CD18-independent neutrophil emigration during acute bacterial pneumonia in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Jul 1;166(1):53-60.
241. Mackarel AJ, Russell KJ, Ryan CM, Hislip SJ, Rendall JC, FitzGerald MX, O'Connor CM. CD18 dependency of transendothelial neutrophil migration differs during acute pulmonary inflammation. J Immunol. 2001 Sep 1;167(5):2839-46.
242. Brady HR. Leukocyte adhesion molecules and kidney diseases. Kidney Int. 1994 May;45(5):1285-300.
243. Langdale LA, Flaherty LC, Liggitt HD, Harlan JM, Rice CL, Winn RK. Neutrophils contribute to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by a CD18-independent mechanism. J Leukoc Biol. 1993 May;53(5):511-7.
244. Entman ML, Smith CW. Postreperfusion inflammation: a model for reaction to injury in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. 1994 Sep;28(9):1301-11.
245. Winn RK, Harlan JM. CD18-independent neutrophil and mononuclear leukocyte emigration into the peritoneum of rabbits. J Clin Invest. 1993;92(3):1168-73.
246. Li Z, Burns AR, Smith CW. Two waves of neutrophil emigration in response to corneal epithelial abrasion: distinct adhesion molecule requirements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 May;47(5):1947-55.
247. Kubes P, Kerfoot SM. Leukocyte recruitment in the microcirculation: the rolling paradigm revisited. News Physiol Sci. 2001;16:76-80.
248. Doerschuk C, M., Winn R, K., Coxson H, O., Harlan J, M. CD18-dependent and independent mechanisms of neutrophil emigration in the pulmonary and systemic microcirculation of rabbits. J Immunol. 1990;144:2327-33.
249. Doerschuk CM. Mechanisms of leukocyte sequestration in inflamed lungs. Microcirculation. 2001 Apr;8(2):71-88.
250. Cloutier N, Pare A, Farndale RW, Schumacher HR, Nigrovic PA, Lacroix S, Boilard E. Platelets can enhance vascular permeability. Blood. 2012 Aug 9;120(6):1334-43.
251. Duerschmied D, Suidan GL, Demers M, Herr N, Carbo C, Brill A, Cifuni SM, Mauler M, Cicko S, Bader M, Idzko M, Bode C, Wagner DD. Platelet serotonin promotes the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of acute inflammation in mice. Blood. 2013 Feb 7;121(6):1008-15.
252. Auffray C, Fogg D, Garfa M, Elain G, Join-Lambert O, Kayal S, Sarnacki S, Cumano A, Lauvau G, Geissmann F. Monitoring of blood vessels and tissues by a population of monocytes with patrolling behavior. Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):666-70.
253. Tacchini-Cottier F, Weinkopff T, Launois P. Does T helper differentiation correlate with resistance or susceptibility to infection with L. major? Some insights from the murine model. Front Immunol. 2012;3:32. PubMed PMID: 22566916.
254. Charmoy M, Brunner-Agten S, Aebischer D, Auderset F, Launois P, Milon G, Proudfoot AE, Tacchini-Cottier F. Neutrophil-derived CCL3 is essential for the rapid recruitment of dendritic cells to the site of Leishmania major inoculation in resistant mice. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(2):e1000755.
255. Kiss J, Jalkanen S, Fulop F, Savunen T, Salmi M. Ischemiareperfusion injury is attenuated in VAP-1-deficient mice and by VAP-1 inhibitors. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Nov;38(11):3041-9.
256. Jalkanen S, Salmi M. VAP-1 and CD73, endothelial cell surface enzymes in leukocyte extravasation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Jan;28(1):18-26.
257. Ramamoorthy C, Sasaki SS, Su DL, Sharar SR, Harlan JM, Winn RK. CD18 adhesion blockade decreases bacterial clearance and neutrophil recruitment after intrapulmonary E. coli, but not after S. aureus. J Leukoc Biol. 1997;61(2):167-72.
258. Doerschuk CM. The role of CD18-mediated adhesion in neutrophil sequestration induced by infusion of activated plasma in rabbits. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1992;7(2):140-8.
259. Doerschuk CM, Mizgerd JP, Kubo H, Qin L, Kumasaka T. Adhesion molecules and cellular biomechanical changes in acute lung injury: Giles F. Filley Lecture. Chest. 1999;116(1 Suppl):37S-43S.
260. Kumasaka T, Doyle NA, Quinlan WM, Graham L, Doerschuk CM. Role of CD 11/CD 18 in neutrophil emigration during acute and recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia in rabbits. Am J Pathol. 1996;148(4):1297-305.
261. Conlan JW, North RJ. Listeria monocytogenes, but not Salmonella typhimurium, elicits a CD18-independent mechanism of neutrophil extravasation into the murine peritoneal cavity. Infec Immun. 1994;62:2702-6.
262. Mizgerd JP, Quinlan WM, LeBlanc BW, Kutkoski GJ, Bullard DC, Beaudet AL, Doerschuk CM. Combinatorial requirements for adhesion molecules in mediating neutrophil emigration during bacterial peritonitis in mice. J Leukoc Biol. 1998;64(3):291-7.
263. Forsman H, Salomonsson E, Onnheim K, Karlsson J, Bjorstad A, Leffler H, Bylund J, Karlsson A, Dahlgren C. The beta-galactoside binding immunomodulatory lectin galectin-3 reverses the desensitized state induced in neutrophils by the chemotactic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe: role of reactive oxygen species generated by the NADPHoxidase and inactivation of the agonist. Glycobiology. 2008 Nov;18(11):905-12.
264. Schroder AK, Uciechowski P, Fleischer D, Rink L. Crosslinking of CD66B on peripheral blood neutrophils mediates the release of interleukin-8 from intracellular storage. Hum Immunol. 2006 Sep;67(9):676-82.
265. Mantovani A, Cassatella MA, Costantini C, Jaillon S. Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(8):519-31.
266. Buckley CD, Pilling D, Lord JM, Akbar AN, Scheel-Toellner D, Salmon M. Fibroblasts regulate the switch from acute resolving to chronic persistent inflammation. Trends Immunol. 2001 Apr;22(4):199-204.
267. Smith RS, Smith TJ, Blieden TM, Phipps RP. Fibroblasts as sentinel cells. Synthesis of chemokines and regulation of inflammation. Am J Pathol. 1997 Aug;151(2):317-22.
268. Parsonage G, Filer AD, Haworth O, Nash GB, Rainger GE, Salmon M, Buckley CD. A stromal address code defined by fibroblasts. Trends Immunol. 2005 Mar;26(3):150-6.
269. Larsen CG, Anderson AO, Oppenheim JJ, Matsushima K. Production of interleukin-8 by human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in response to interleukin-1 or tumour necrosis factor. Immunology. 1989 Sep;68(1):31-6.
270. Larsen CG, Zachariae CO, Oppenheim JJ, Matsushima K. Production of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) by human dermal fibroblasts in response to interleukin 1 or tumor necrosis factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 May 15;160(3):1403-8.
271. Enzerink A, Salmenpera P, Kankuri E, Vaheri A. Clustering of fibroblasts induces proinflammatory chemokine secretion promoting leukocyte migration. Mol Immunol. 2009 May;46(8-9):1787-95.
272. Rudack C, Hermann W, Eble J, Schroeder JM. Neutrophil chemokines in cultured nasal fibroblasts. Allergy. 2002 Dec;57(12):1159-64.
273. McDonald B, Pittman K, Menezes GB, Hirota SA, Slaba I, Waterhouse CC, Beck PL, Muruve DA, Kubes P. Intravascular danger signals guide neutrophils to sites of sterile inflammation. Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):362-6.
274. Lammermann T, Afonso PV, Angermann BR, Wang JM, Kastenmuller W, Parent CA, Germain RN. Neutrophil swarms require LTB4 and integrins at sites of cell death in vivo. Nature. 2013 Jun 20;498(7454):371-5.
275. Esteban A, Popp MW, Vyas VK, Strijbis K, Ploegh HL, Fink GR. Fungal recognition is mediated by the association of dectin-1 and galectin-3 in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 23;108(34):14270-5.
276. Shan M, Gentile M, Yeiser JR, Walland AC, Bornstein VU, Chen K, He B, Cassis L, Bigas A, Cols M, Comerma L, Huang B, Blander JM, Xiong H, Mayer L, Berin C, Augenlicht LH, Velcich A, Cerutti A. Mucus enhances gut homeostasis and oral tolerance by delivering immunoregulatory signals. Science. 2013 Sep 26.