Increasing the biological activity of IL-2 and IL-15 through complexing with anti-IL-2 mAbs and IL-15Rα-Fc chimera

Immunology Letters

Volumn 159, Issue 1-2, 2014, Pages 1-10

  Votavova, Petra ^a   Tomala, Jakub ^a   Kovar, Marek ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Anti IL 2 mAb; Biological activity; IL 15; IL 15R Fc chimera; IL 2; Immunocomplexes

Indexed keywords

FC RECEPTOR; HYBRID PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 15; INTERLEUKIN 15 RECEPTOR ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 2 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR BETA; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR GAMMA; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY JES6 1; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY S4B6; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANTIGEN ANTIBODY COMPLEX; IL15 PROTEIN, HUMAN; IL2RA PROTEIN, HUMAN; IL2RG PROTEIN, HUMAN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT;

ANTIBODY AFFINITY; ANTIGEN ANTIBODY COMPLEX; BINDING AFFINITY; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; CAPILLARY LEAK SYNDROME; CD25+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL STIMULATION; CHIMERA; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CYTOKINE RESPONSE; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; LIVER CELL DAMAGE; LUNG EDEMA; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; MEMORY T LYMPHOCYTE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; CYTOLOGY; DRUG EFFECTS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; MOUSE; PHARMACOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX; CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENTS; INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT; INTERLEUKIN-15; INTERLEUKIN-15 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT; INTERLEUKIN-2; INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; MICE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; T-LYMPHOCYTES, REGULATORY;

EID: 84896737880     PISSN: 01652478     EISSN: 18790542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.01.017     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Waldmann T.A., Tagaya Y. The multifaceted regulation of interleukin-15 expression and the role of this cytokine in NK cell differentiation and host response to intracellular pathogens. Annu Rev Immunol 1999, 17:19-49.
2. Mattei F., Schiavoni G., Belardelli F., Tough D.F. IL-15 is expressed by dendritic cells in response to type I IFN, double-stranded RNA, or lipopolysaccharide and promotes dendritic cell activation. J Immunol 2001, 167:1179-1187.
3. Doherty T.M., Seder R.A., Sher A. Induction and regulation of IL-15 expression in murine macrophages. J Immunol 1996, 156:735-741.
4. Rückert R., Asadullah K., Seifert M., Budagian V.M., Arnold R., Trombotto C., et al. Inhibition of keratinocyte apoptosis by IL-15: a new parameter in the pathogenesis of psoriasis?. J Immunol 2000, 165:2240-2250.
5. Rappl G., Kapsokefalou A., Heuser C., Rössler M., Ugurel S., Tilgen W., et al. Dermal fibroblasts sustain proliferation of activated T cells via membrane-bound interleukin-15 upon long-term stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α. J Invest Dermatol 2001, 116:102-109.
6. Weiler M., Kachko L., Chaimovitz C., Van Kooten C., Douvdevani A. CD40 ligation enhances IL-15 production by tubular epithelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001, 12:80-87.
7. Stauber D.J., Debler E.W., Horton P.A., Smith K.A., Wilson I.A. Crystal structure of the IL-2 signaling complex: paradigm for a heterotrimeric cytokine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103:2788-2793.
8. Wang H.M., Smith K.A. The interleukin 2 receptor. Functional consequences of its bimolecular structure. J Exp Med 1987, 166:1055-1069.
9. Rickert M., Wang X., Boulanger M.J., Goriatcheva N., Garcia K.C. The structure of interleukin-2 complexed with its alpha receptor. Science 2005, 308:1477-1480.
10. Nelson B.H., Willerford D.M. Biology of the interleukin-2 receptor. Adv Immunol 1998, 70:1-81.
11. + T cells in vivo by IL-15. Immunity 1998, 8:591-599.
12. Dubois S., Mariner J., Waldmann T.A., Tagaya Y. IL-15Rα recycles and presents IL-15 in trans to neighboring cells. Immunity 2002, 17:537-547.
13. Castillo E.F., Schluns K.S. Regulating the immune system via IL-15 transpresentation. Cytokine 2012, 59:479-490.
14. Vámosi G., Bodnár A., Vereb G., Jenei A., Goldman C.K., Langowski J., et al. IL-2 and IL-15 receptor α-subunits are coexpressed in a supramolecular receptor cluster in lipid rafts of T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101:11082-11087.
15. Giri J.G., Kumaki S., Ahdieh M., Friend D.J., Loomis A., Shanebeck K., et al. Identification and cloning of a novel IL-15 binding protein that is structurally related to the α chain of the IL-2 receptor. EMBO J 1995, 14:3654-3663.
16. Bergamaschi C., Rosati M., Jalah R., Valentin A., Kulkarni V., Alicea C., et al. Intracellular interaction of interleukin-15 with its receptor α during production leads to mutual stabilization and increased bioactivity. J Biol Chem 2008, 283:4189-4199.
17. Anderson D.M., Kumaki S., Ahdieh M., Bertles J., Tometsko M., Loomis A., et al. Functional characterization of the human interleukin-15 receptor α chain and close linkage of IL15RA and IL2RA genes. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:29862-29869.
18. + bone marrow-derived cells. Blood 2004, 103:988-994.
19. Angiolillo A.L., Kanegane H., Sgadari C., Reaman G.H., Tosato G. Interleukin-15 promotes angiogenesis in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997, 233:231-237.
20. + regulatory T cells in autoimmunity and allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2002, 14:771-778.
21. Willerford D.M., Chen J., Ferry J.A., Davidson L., Ma A., Alt F.W. Interleukin-2 receptor α chain regulates the size and content of the peripheral lymphoid compartment. Immunity 1995, 3:521-530.
22. Sadlack B., Merz H., Schorle H., Schimpl A., Feller A.C., Horak I. Ulcerative colitis-like disease in mice with a disrupted interleukin-2 gene. Cell 1993, 75:253-261.
23. Marks-Konczalik J., Dubois S., Losi J.M., Sabzevari H., Yamada N., Feigenbaum L., et al. IL-2-induced activation-induced cell death is inhibited in IL-15 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97:11445-11450.
24. Kennedy M.K., Glaccum M., Brown S.N., Butz E.A., Viney J.L., Embers M., et al. Reversible defects in natural killer and memory CD8 T cell lineages in interleukin 15-deficient mice. J Exp Med 2000, 191:771-780.
25. Lodolce J.P., Burkett P.R., Boone D.L., Chien M., Ma A. T cell-independent interleukin 15rα signals are required for bystander proliferation. J Exp Med 2001, 194:1187-1194.
26. Li X.C., Demirci G., Ferrari-Lacraz S., Groves C., Coyle A., Malek T.R., et al. IL-15 and IL-2: a matter of life and death for T cells in vivo. Nat Med 2001, 7:114-118.
27. Schluns K.S., Williams K., Ma A., Zheng X.X., Lefrançois L. Cutting edge: requirement for IL-15 in the generation of primary and memory antigen-specific CD8T cells. J Immunol 2002, 168:4827-4831.
28. Becker T.C., Wherry E.J., Boone D., Murali-Krishna K., Antia R., Ma A., et al. Interleukin 15 is required for proliferative renewal of virus-specific memory CD8T cells. J Exp Med 2002, 195:1541-1548.
29. + T cells. J Exp Med 2002, 195:1515-1522.
30. Lodolce J.P., Boone D.L., Chai S., Swain R.E., Dassopoulos T., Trettin S., et al. IL-15 receptor maintains lymphoid homeostasis by supporting lymphocyte homing and proliferation. Immunity 1998, 9:669-676.
31. Klapper J.A., Downey S.G., Smith F.O., Yang J.C., Hughes M.S., Kammula U.S., et al. High-dose interleukin-2 for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A retrospective analysis of response and survival in patients treated in the surgery branch at the National Cancer Institute between 1986 and 2006. Cancer 2008, 113:239-301.
32. Smith F.O., Downey G.S., Klapper J.A., Yang J.C., Sherry R.M., Royal R.E., et al. Treatment of metastatic melanoma using interleukin-2 alone or in conjunction with vaccines. Clin Can Res 2008, 14:5610-5618.
33. Fyfe G., Fisher R.I., Rosenberg S.A., Sznol M., Parkinson D.R., Louie A.C. Results of treatment of 255 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 therapy. J Clin Oncol 1995, 13:688-696.
34. Dutcher J.P., Atkins M., Fisher R., Weiss G., Margolin K., Aronson F., et al. Interleukin-2-based therapy for metastatic renal cell cancer: the Cytokine Working Group experience, 1989-1997. Cancer J Sci Am 1997, 3:S73-S78.
35. McDermott D.F., Atkins M.B. Application of IL-2 and other cytokines in renal cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2004, 4:455-468.
36. Nakagawa K., Miller F.N., Sims D.E., Lentsch A.B., Miyazaki M., Edwards M.J. Mechanisms of interleukin-2-induced hepatic toxicity. Cancer Res 1996, 56:507-510.
37. Assier E., Jullien V., Lefort J., Moreau J.L., Di Santo J.P., Vargaftig B.B., et al. NK cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils are both critical for IL-2-induced pulmonary vascular leak syndrome. J Immunol 2004, 172:7661-7668.
38. Lissoni P., Barni S., Tancini G., Cazzaniga M., Frigerio F., Chilelli M., et al. Clinical response and survival in metastatic renal carcinoma during subcutaneous administration of interleukin-2 alone. Subcutaneous Il-2 in renal carcinoma. Arch Ital Urol Androl 1997, 69:41-47.
39. Tourani J.M., Lucas V., Mayeur D., Dufour B., DiPalma M., Boaziz C., et al. Subcutaneous recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in out-patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Results of a multicenter SCAPP1 trial. Ann Oncol 1996, 7:525-528.
40. Johnson B.J., Ress S.R., Willcox P. Clinical and immune responses of tuberculosis patients treated with low-dose IL-2 and multidrug therapy. Cytokines Mol Ther 1995, 1:185-196.
41. Rosenberg S.A., Yang J.C., Topalian S.L., Schwartzentruber D.J., Weber J.S., Parkinson D.R., et al. Treatment of 283 consecutive patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell cancer using high-dose bolus interleukin 2. JAMA 1994, 271:907-913.
42. Atkins M.B., Lotze M.T., Dutcher J.P., Fisher R.I., Weiss G., Margolin K., et al. High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993. J Clin Oncol 1999, 17:2105-2116.
43. Johnson B.J., Bekker L.G., Rickman R., Brown S., Lesser M., Ress S., et al. rhuIL-2 adjunctive therapy in multidrug resistant tuberculosis: a comparison of two treatment regimens and placebo. Tuber Lung Dis 1997, 78:195-203.
44. Piscitelli S.C., Bhat N., Pau A. A risk-benefit assessment of interleukin-2 as an adjunct to antiviral therapy in HIV infection. Drug Saf 2000, 22:19-31.
45. Joly M., Odloak D. Modeling interleukin-2-based immunotherapy in AIDS pathogenesis. J Theor Biol 2013, 335:57-78.
46. Koreth J., Matsuoka K., Kim H.T., McDonough S.M., Bindra B., Alyea E.P., et al. Interleukin-2 and regulatory T cells in graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med 2011, 365:2055-2066.
47. Saadoun D., Rosenzwajg M., Joly F., Six A., Carrat F., Thibault V., et al. Regulatory T-cell responses to low-dose interleukin-2 in HCV-induced vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2011, 365:2067-2077.
48. A Phase I Study of Intravenous Recombinant Human IL-15 in Adults With Refractory Metastatic Malignant Melanoma and Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer. NCI 2009; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT010221059.
49. Waldmann T.A. IL-15 in the life and death of lymphocytes: immunotherapeutic implications. Trends Mol Med 2003, 9:517-521.
50. + T-cell-mediated BCL1-specific resistance in mice cured by targeted polymer-bound doxorubicin. Cancer Res 2008, 68:9875-9883.
51. Boyman O., Kovar M., Rubinstein M.P., Surh C.D., Sprent J. Selective stimulation of T cell subsets with antibody-cytokine immune complexes. Science 2006, 311:1924-1927.
52. Rojas G., Cabrera Infante Y., Pupo A., Carmenate T. Fine epitope specificity of antibodies against interleukin-2 explains their paradoxical immunomodulatory effects. MAbs 2013, 6:273-285.
53. + memory T cells by opposing cytokines. Science 2000, 288:675-678.
54. + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:8832-8837.
55. + T cells. J Immunol 2004, 173:6041-6049.
56. Tomala J., Chmelova H., Strohalm J., Ulbrich K., Sirova M., Rihova B., et al. Antitumor activity of IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb immunocomplexes exerts synergism with that of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-bound doxorubicin conjugate due to its low immunosuppressive activity. Int J Cancer 2011, 129:2002-2012.
57. Krieg C., Letourneau S., Pantaleo G., Boyman O. Improved IL-2 immunotherapy by selective stimulation of IL-2 receptors on lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107:11906-11911.
58. Prlic M., Kamimura D., Bevan M.J. Rapid generation of a functional NK-cell compartment. Blood 2007, 110:2024-2026.
59. + T cells and NK cells driven by complexes of IL-2 and anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody as novel approach of cancer immunotherapy. J Immunol 2009, 183:4904-4912.
60. Kamimura D., Sawa Y., Sato M., Agung E., Hirano T., Murakami M. IL-2 in vivo activities and antitumor efficacy enhanced by an anti-IL-2 mAb. J Immunol 2006, 177:306-314.
61. Liu R., Zhou Q., La Cava A., Campagnolo D.I., Van Kaer L., Shi F.D. Expansion of regulatory T cells via IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb complexes suppresses experimental myasthenia. Eur J Immunol 2010, 40:1577-1589.
62. Webster K.E., Walters S., Kohler R.E., Mrkvan T., Boyman O., Surh C.D., et al. In vivo expansion of T reg cells with IL-2-mAb complexes: induction of resistance to EAE and long-term acceptance of islet allografts without immunosuppression. J Exp Med 2009, 206:751-760.
63. + T cells differentiate into protective memory-like cells after IL-2-anti-IL-2 complex treatment in vivo. J Exp Med 2007, 204:1803-1812.
64. Finkelman F.D., Madden K.B., Morris S.C., Holmes J.M., Boiani N., Katona I.M., et al. Anti-cytokine antibodies as carrier proteins. Prolongation of in vivo effects of exogenous cytokines by injection of cytokine-anti-cytokine antibody complexes. J Immunol 1993, 151:1235-1244.
65. Martens E., Dillen C., Put W., Heremans H., van Damme J., Billiau A. Increased circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity in endotoxin-challenged mice pretreated with anti-IL-6 antibody is due to IL-6 accumulated in antigen-antibody complexes. Eur J Immunol 1993, 23:2026-2029.
66. Boyman O., Ramsey C., Kim D.M., Sprent J., Surh C.D. IL-7/anti-IL-7 mAb complexes restore T cell development and induce homeostatic T cell expansion without lymphopenia. J Immunol 2008, 180:7265-7275.
67. Zabeau L., Van der Heyden J., Broekaert D., Verhee A., Vandekerckhove J., Wu S.J., et al. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can potentiate IL-5 signaling. Eur J Immunol 2001, 31:1087-1097.
68. Letourneau S., van Leeuwen E.M., Krieg C., Martin C., Pantaleo G., Sprent J., et al. IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes show strong biological activity by avoiding interaction with IL-2 receptor α subunit CD25. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107:2171-2176.
69. Roopenian D.C., Akilesh S. FcRn: the neonatal Fc receptor comes of age. Nat Rev Immunol 2007, 7:715-725.
70. Roopenian D.C., Christianson G.J., Sproule T.J., Brown A.C., Akilesh S., Jung N., et al. The MHC class I-like IgG receptor controls perinatal IgG transport, IgG homeostasis, and fate of IgG-Fc-coupled drugs. J Immunol 2003, 170:3528-3533.
71. Phelan J.D., Orekov T., Finkelman F.D. Cutting edge: mechanism of enhancement of in vivo cytokine effects by anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol 2008, 180:44-48.
72. Epstein A.L., Mizokami M.M., Li J., Hu P., Khawli L.A. Identification of a protein fragment of interleukin 2 responsible for vasopermeability. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003, 95:741-749.
73. Molloy M.J., Zhang W., Usherwood E.J. Cutting edge: IL-2 immune complexes as a therapy for persistent virus infection. J Immunol 2009, 182:4512-4515.
74. + regulatory T lymphocytes. Nat Med 2008, 14:88-92.
75. + regulatory T cells. Int Immunol 2004, 16:1189-1201.
76. Zhang P., Tey S.K., Koyama M., Kuns R.D., Olver S.D., Lineburg K.E., et al. Induced regulatory T cells promote tolerance when stabilized by rapamycin and IL-2 in vivo. J Immunol 2013, 191:5291-5303.
77. Tang Q., Adams J.Y., Penaranda C., Melli K., Piaggio E., Sgouroudis E., et al. Central role of defective interleukin-2 production in the triggering of islet autoimmune destruction. Immunity 2008, 28:687-697.
78. Fujii Y., Lindstrom J. Regulation of antibody production by helper T cell clones in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Immunol 1988, 141:3361-3369.
79. Tomala J., Kovarova J., Kabesova M., Votavova P., Chmelova H., Dvorakova B., et al. Chimera of IL-2 linked to light chain of anti-IL-2 mAb mimics IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb complexes both structurally and functionally. ACS Chem Biol 2013, 8:871-876.
80. Chenoweth M.J., Mian M.F., Barra N.G., Alain T., Sonenberg N., Bramson J., et al. IL-15 can signal via IL-15Rα, JNK, and NF-κB to drive RANTES production by myeloid cells. J Immunol 2012, 188:4149-4157.
81. Stonier S.W., Ma L.J., Castillo E.F., Schluns K.S. Dendritic cells drive memory CD8 T-cell homeostasis via IL-15 transpresentation. Blood 2008, 112:4546-4554.
82. Schluns K.S., Nowak E.C., Cabrera-Hernandez A., Puddington L., Lefrançois L., Aguila H.L. Distinct cell types control lymphoid subset development by means of IL-15 and IL-15 receptor α expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101:5616-5621.
83. Ma L.J., Acero L.F., Zal T., Schluns K.S. Trans-presentation of IL-15 by intestinal epithelial cells drives development of CD8αα IELs. J Immunol 2009, 183:1044-1054.
84. + T cell homeostasis. J Exp Med 2004, 200:825-834.
85. Koka R., Burkett P.R., Chien M., Chai S., Chan F., Lodolce J.P., et al. Interleukin (IL)-15Rα-deficient natural killer cells survive in normal but not IL-15Rα-deficient mice. J Exp Med 2003, 197:977-984.
86. Sandau M.M., Schluns K.S., Lefrancois L., Jameson S.C. Cutting edge: transpresentation of IL-15 by bone marrow-derived cells necessitates expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα by the same cells. J Immunol 2004, 173:6537-6541.
87. + T cells is dispensable for T cell memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100:4724-4729.
88. Mortier E., Bernard J., Plet A., Jacques Y. Natural, proteolytic release of a soluble form of human IL-15 receptor α-chain that behaves as a specific, high affinity IL-15 antagonist. J Immunol 2004, 173:1681-1688.
89. McInnes I.B., Gracie J.A., Harnett M., Harnett W., Liew F.Y. New strategies to control inflammatory synovitis: interleukin 15 and beyond. Ann Rheum Dis 2003, 63:ii51-ii54.
90. McInnes I.B., Liew F.Y. Interleukin 15: a proinflammatory role in rheumatoid arthritis synovitis. Immunol Today 1998, 19:75-79.
91. Liu Z., Geboes K., Colpaert S., D'Haens G.R., Rutgeerts P., Ceuppens J.L. IL-15 is highly expressed in inflammatory bowel disease and regulates local T cell-dependent cytokine production. J Immunol 2000, 164:3608-3615.
92. Kuczyński S., Winiarska H., Abramczyk M., Szczawińska K., Wierusz-Wysocka B., Dworacka M. IL-15 is elevated in serum patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005, 69:231-236.
93. Aringer M., Stummvoll G.H., Steiner G., Köller M., Steiner C.W., Höfler E., et al. Serum interleukin-15 is elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001, 40:876-881.
94. Baranda L., de la Fuente H., Layseca-Espinosa E., Portales-Pérez D., Niño-Moreno P., Valencia-Pacheco G., et al. IL-15 and IL-15R in leucocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005, 44:1507-1513.
95. Bergamaschi C., Bear J., Rosati M., Beach R.K., Alicea C., Sowder R., et al. Circulating IL-15 exists as heterodimeric complex with soluble IL-15Rα in human and mouse serum. Blood 2012, 120:e1-e8.
96. Bouchaud G., Gehrke S., Krieg C., Kolios A., Hafner J., Navarini A.A., et al. Epidermal IL-15Rα acts as an endogenous antagonist of psoriasiform inflammation in mouse and man. J Exp Med 2013, 210:2105-2117.
97. Dubois S., Magrangeas F., Lehours P., Raher S., Bernard J., Boisteau O., et al. Natural splicing of exon 2 of human interleukin-15 receptor α-chain mRNA results in a shortened form with a distinct pattern of expression. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:26978-26984.
98. Badoual C., Bouchaud G., Agueznay Nel H., Mortier E., Hans S., Gey A., et al. The soluble α chain of interleukin-15 receptor: a proinflammatory molecule associated with tumor progression in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2008, 68:3907-3914.
99. Bernard J., Plet A., Harb C., Mortier E., Quemener A., Vermot-Desroches C., et al. Identification of an interleukin-15α receptor-binding site on human interleukin-15. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:24313-24322.
100. Lorenzen I., Dingley A.J., Jacques Y., Grötzinger J. The structure of the IL-15α-receptor and its implication for ligand binding. J Biol Chem 2006, 281:6642-6647.
101. Ruchatz H., Leung B.P., Wei X.-q., McInnes I.B., Liew F.Y. Soluble IL-15 receptor α-chain administration prevents murine collagen-induced arthritis: a role for IL-15 in development of antigen-induced immunopathology. J Immunol 1998, 160:5654-5660.
102. Smith X.G., Bolton E.M., Ruchatz H., Wei X.-q., Liew F.Y., Bradley J.A. Selective blockade of IL-15 by soluble IL-15 receptor α-chain enhances cardiac allograft survival. J Immunol 2000, 165:3444-3450.
103. Rubinstein M.P., Kovar M., Purton J.F., Cho J.H., Boyman O., Surh C.D., et al. Converting IL-15 to a superagonist by binding to soluble IL-15Rα. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103:9166-9171.
104. high T cells and its antitumor action. J Immunol 2008, 180:2099-2106.
105. Stoklasek T.A., Schluns K.S., Lefrançois L. Combined IL-15/IL-15Rα immunotherapy maximizes IL-15 activity in vivo. J Immunol 2006, 177:6072-6080.
106. Mortier E., Quéméner A., Vusio P., Lorenzen I., Boublik Y., Grötzinger J., et al. Soluble interleukin-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα)-sushi as a selective and potent agonist of IL-15 action through IL-15Rβ/γ. Hyperagonist IL-15•IL-15Rα fusion proteins. J Biol Chem 2006, 281:1612-1619.
107. Bouchaud G., Garrigue-Antar L., Sole V., Quemener A., Boublik Y., Mortier E., et al. The exon-3-encoded domain of IL-15Rα contributes to IL-15 high-affinity binding and is crucial for the IL-15 antagonistic effect of soluble IL-15Rα. J Mol Biol 2008, 382:1-12.
108. Elpek K.G., Rubinstein M.P., Bellemare-Pelletier A., Goldrath A.W., Turley S.J. Mature natural killer cells with phenotypic and functional alterations accumulate upon sustained stimulation with IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107:21647-21652.
109. + T cells. Cancer Res 2008, 68:2972-2983.
110. Eisenman J., Ahdieh M., Beers C., Brasel K., Kennedy M.K., Le T., et al. Interleukin-15 interactions with interleukin-15 receptor complexes: characterization and species specificity. Cytokine 2002, 20:121-129.
111. Overwijk W.W., Schluns K.S. Functions of γC cytokines in immune homeostasis: current and potential clinical applications. Clin Immunol 2009, 132:153-165.