Phytoestrogens for menopausal bone loss and climacteric symptoms

Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Volumn 139, Issue , 2014, Pages 294-301

  Lagari, Violet S ^a,b   Levis, Silvina ^a,b  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Bone health; Climacteric symptoms; Fractures; Menopause; Osteoporosis; Phytoestrogens

Indexed keywords

AGLYCONE; CALCIUM; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; GENISTEIN; HERBACEOUS AGENT; ISOFLAVONE; MINERAL; MULTIVITAMIN; PHYTOESTROGEN; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; VITAMIN D;

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; BONE DENSITY; BONE TURNOVER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG METABOLISM; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMUR NECK FRACTURE; GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; HABIT; HOT FLUSH; HUMAN; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; MENOPAUSE; NATIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION; NIGHT SWEAT; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OSTEOLYSIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; PATIENT PREFERENCE; POSTMENOPAUSE; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; SOYBEAN; THROMBOEMBOLISM;

BONE HEALTH; CLIMACTERIC SYMPTOMS; FRACTURES; MENOPAUSE; OSTEOPOROSIS; PHYTOESTROGENS;

ANIMALS; DIET; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FEMALE; GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; HOT FLASHES; HUMANS; ISOFLAVONES; OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL; PHYTOESTROGENS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; SOY FOODS;

TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE;

EID: 84889883722     PISSN: 09600760     EISSN: 18791220     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.002     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. J.E. Manson, and K.A. Martin Clinical practice. Postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy The New England Journal of Medicine 345 1 2001 34 40 (Pubitemid 32634270)
2. J.E. Rossouw, G.L. Anderson, R.L. Prentice, A.Z. LaCroix, C. Kooperberg, M.L. Stefanick, R.D. Jackson, S.A. Beresford, B.V. Howard, K.C. Johnson, J.M. Kotchen, and J. Ockene Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 288 3 2002 321 333 (Pubitemid 34761611)
3. C.A. Stuenkel, M.L. Gass, J.E. Manson, R.A. Lobo, L. Pal, R.W. Rebar, and J.E. Hall A Decade after the Women's Health Initiative - The Experts Do Agree The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 97 8 2012 2617 2618
4. F. Kronenberg Hot flashes: epidemiology and physiology Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 592 1990 52 86 pp. 123-133; discussion (Pubitemid 20273207)
5. K. Morito, T. Hirose, J. Kinjo, T. Hirakawa, M. Okawa, T. Nohara, S. Ogawa, S. Inoue, M. Muramatsu, and Y. Masamune Interaction of phytoestrogens with estrogen receptors alpha and beta Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 24 4 2001 351 356 (Pubitemid 32377601)
6. G.G. Kuiper, J.G. Lemmen, B. Carlsson, J.C. Corton, S.H. Safe, P.T. van der Saag, B. van der Burg, and J.A. Gustafsson Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta Endocrinology 139 10 1998 4252 4263 (Pubitemid 28513713)
7. H. Fang, W. Tong, L.M. Shi, R. Blair, R. Perkins, W. Branham, B.S. Hass, Q. Xie, S.L. Dial, C.L. Moland, and D.M. Sheehan Structure-activity relationships for a large diverse set of natural, synthetic, and environmental estrogens Chemical Research in Toxicology 14 3 2001 280 294 (Pubitemid 32238488)
8. C. Picherit, V. Coxam, C. Bennetau-Pelissero, S. Kati-Coulibaly, M.J. Davicco, P. Lebecque, and J.P. Barlet Daidzein is more efficient than genistein in preventing ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats The Journal of Nutrition 130 7 2000 1675 1681 (Pubitemid 30451052)
9. X. Xu, K.S. Harris, H.J. Wang, P.A. Murphy, and S. Hendrich Bioavailability of soybean isoflavones depends upon gut microflora in women The Journal of Nutrition 125 9 1995 2307 2315
10. G.E. Kelly, G.E. Joannou, A.Y. Reeder, C. Nelson, and M.A. Waring The variable metabolic response to dietary isoflavones in humans Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 208 1 1995 40 43
11. D.M. Eisenberg, R.B. Davis, S.L. Ettner, S. Appel, S. Wilkey, M. Van Rompay, and R.C. Kessler Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 280 18 1998 1569 1575 (Pubitemid 28520643)
12. Soyfoods Association of North America, The US Market 2010. Available at: http://www.soyfoods.org/products/sales-and-trends (2011).[12]
13. K. Tserotas, L. Hernandez, F. Morera, R. Pineda, and P. Chedraui Treatment for the menopause in Central America: use, knowledge, perceptions and attitudes among urban living middle-aged women Gynecological Endocrinology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 27 7 2011 504 511
14. D.M. Upchurch, C.E. Dye, L. Chyu, E.B. Gold, and G.A. Greendale Demographic, behavioral, and health correlates of complementary and alternative medicine and prayer use among midlife women: 2002 Journal of Womens Health (Larchmt) 19 1 2010 23 30
15. M.H. Huang, M. Schocken, G. Block, M. Sowers, E. Gold, B. Sternfeld, T. Seeman, and G.A. Greendale Variation in nutrient intakes by ethnicity: results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Menopause 9 5 2002 309 319 (Pubitemid 36701890)
16. T. Shimazu, M. Inoue, S. Sasazuki, M. Iwasaki, N. Sawada, T. Yamaji, and S. Tsugane Isoflavone intake and risk of lung cancer: a prospective cohort study in Japan The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91 3 2010 722 728
17. G. Yang, X.O. Shu, F. Jin, X. Zhang, H.L. Li, Q. Li, Y.T. Gao, and W. Zheng Longitudinal study of soy food intake and blood pressure among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81 5 2005 1012 1017 (Pubitemid 41724941)
18. Mintel International Group, Soy-based Food and Drink-US-December 2008. Available at http://oxygen.mintel.com (2012).
19. M.J. Boulet, B.J. Oddens, P. Lehert, H.M. Vemer, and A. Visser Climacteric and menopause in seven South-east Asian countries Maturitas 19 3 1994 157 176 (Pubitemid 24295946)
20. J.A. Grisso, E.W. Freeman, E. Maurin, B. Garcia-Espana, and J.A. Berlin Racial differences in menopause information and the experience of hot flashes Journal of General Internal Medicine 14 2 1999 98 103 (Pubitemid 29095926)
21. Y. Somekawa, M. Chiguchi, T. Ishibashi, and T. Aso Soy intake related to menopausal symptoms, serum lipids, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women Obstetrics and Gynecology 97 1 2001 109 115 (Pubitemid 32057167)
22. A. Nedrow, J. Miller, M. Walker, P. Nygren, L.H. Huffman, and H.D. Nelson Complementary and alternative therapies for the management of menopause-related symptoms: a systematic evidence review Archives of Internal Medicine 166 14 2006 1453 1465 (Pubitemid 44125864)
23. D. Cheema, A. Coomarasamy, and T. El-Toukhy Non-hormonal therapy of post-menopausal vasomotor symptoms: a structured evidence-based review Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 276 5 2007 463 469 (Pubitemid 47415761)
24. E.E. Krebs, K.E. Ensrud, R. MacDonald, and T.J. Wilt Phytoestrogens for treatment of menopausal symptoms: a systematic review Obstetrics and Gynecology 104 4 2004 824 836 (Pubitemid 40458814)
25. C.B. Tempfer, E.K. Bentz, S. Leodolter, G. Tscherne, F. Reuss, H.S. Cross, and J.C. Huber Phytoestrogens in clinical practice: a review of the literature Fertility and Sterility 87 6 2007 1243 1249 (Pubitemid 46829161)
26. The role of soy isoflavones in menopausal health: report of The North American Menopause Society/Wulf H. Utian Translational Science Symposium in Chicago, IL (October 2010) Menopause 18 7 2011 732 753
27. S. Levis, N. Strickman-Stein, P. Ganjei-Azar, P. Xu, D.R. Doerge, and J. Krischer Soy isoflavones in the prevention of menopausal bone loss and menopausal symptoms: a randomized, double-blind trial Archives of Internal Medicine 171 15 2011 1363 1369
28. T.S. Yang, S.Y. Wang, Y.C. Yang, C.H. Su, F.K. Lee, S.C. Chen, C.Y. Tseng, H.J. Jou, J.P. Huang, and K.E. Huang Effects of standardized phytoestrogen on Taiwanese menopausal women Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 51 2 2012 229 235
29. T. Aso, S. Uchiyama, Y. Matsumura, M. Taguchi, M. Nozaki, K. Takamatsu, B. Ishizuka, T. Kubota, H. Mizunuma, and H. Ohta A natural S-equol supplement alleviates hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms in equol nonproducing postmenopausal Japanese women Journal of Womens Health (Larchmt) 21 1 2012 92 100
30. M. Evans, J.G. Elliott, P. Sharma, R. Berman, and N. Guthrie The effect of synthetic genistein on menopause symptom management in healthy postmenopausal women: a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled study Maturitas 68 2 2011 189 196
31. E. Riesco, S. Choquette, M. Audet, D. Tessier, and I.J. Dionne Effect of exercise combined with phytoestrogens on quality of life in postmenopausal women Climacteric: The Journal of the International Menopause Society 14 5 2011 573 580
32. B.S. Komm, and A.A. Chines An update on selective estrogen receptor modulators for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis Maturitas 71 3 2012 221 226
33. Y. Zhang, W.F. Chen, W.P. Lai, and M.S. Wong Soy isoflavones and their bone protective effects Inflammopharmacology 16 5 2008 213 215
34. A. Atmaca, M. Kleerekoper, M. Bayraktar, and O. Kucuk Soy isoflavones in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis Menopause 15 4 Pt 1 2008 748 757
35. R.C. Poulsen, and M.C. Kruger Soy phytoestrogens: impact on postmenopausal bone loss and mechanisms of action Nutrition Reviews 66 7 2008 359 374 (Pubitemid 352000147)
36. E. Landfeldt, and O. Strom The comparative gastrointestinal tolerability of proprietary versus generic alendronate in patients treated for primary osteoporosis Bone 51 4 2012 637 642
37. A.J. Lanou Soy foods: are they useful for optimal bone health? Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 3 6 2011 293 300
38. K. Taku, M.K. Melby, M.S. Kurzer, S. Mizuno, S. Watanabe, and Y. Ishimi Effects of soy isoflavone supplements on bone turnover markers in menopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Bone 47 2 2010 413 423
39. S.C. Ho, J. Woo, S. Lam, Y. Chen, A. Sham, and J. Lau Soy protein consumption and bone mass in early postmenopausal Chinese women Osteoporosis International: A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 14 10 2003 835 842 (Pubitemid 37462134)
40. G.A. Greendale, G. FitzGerald, M.H. Huang, B. Sternfeld, E. Gold, T. Seeman, S. Sherman, and M. Sowers Dietary soy isoflavones and bone mineral density: results from the study of women's health across the nation American Journal of Epidemiology 155 8 2002 746 754 (Pubitemid 34297655)
41. T. Horiuchi, T. Onouchi, M. Takahashi, H. Ito, and H. Orimo Effect of soy protein on bone metabolism in postmenopausal Japanese women Osteoporosis International: A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 11 8 2000 721 724
42. J. Mei, S.S. Yeung, and A.W. Kung High dietary phytoestrogen intake is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal but not premenopausal women The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 11 2001 5217 5221 (Pubitemid 33070238)
43. D. Kritz-Silverstein, and D.L. Goodman-Gruen Usual dietary isoflavone intake, bone mineral density, and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 11 1 2002 69 78
44. E. Lydeking-Olsen, J.E. Beck-Jensen, K.D. Setchell, and T. Holm-Jensen Soymilk or progesterone for prevention of bone loss - a 2 year randomized, placebo-controlled trial European Journal of Nutrition 43 4 2004 246 257 (Pubitemid 39222536)
45. A.C. Hardcastle, L. Aucott, D.M. Reid, and H.M. Macdonald Associations between dietary flavonoid intakes and bone health in a Scottish population Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 26 5 2011 941 947
46. A.H. Roudsari, F. Tahbaz, A. Hossein-Nezhad, B. Arjmandi, B. Larijani, and S.M. Kimiagar Assessment of soy phytoestrogens' effects on bone turnover indicators in menopausal women with osteopenia in Iran: a before and after clinical trial Nutrition Journal 4 2005 30
47. V.L. Matthews, S.F. Knutsen, W.L. Beeson, and G.E. Fraser Soy milk and dairy consumption is independently associated with ultrasound attenuation of the heel bone among postmenopausal women: the Adventist Health Study-2 Nutrition Research 31 10 2011 766 775
48. H.T. Nguyen, M. Pourian, B. Bystrom, I. Dahlin, P.T. Duc, T.V. Nguyen, B. von Schoultz, and A.L. Hirschberg Low aglycone content in commercial soy drink products Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 21 1 2012 52 56
49. L.M. Chiechi, G. Secreto, M. D'Amore, M. Fanelli, E. Venturelli, F. Cantatore, T. Valerio, G. Laselva, and P. Loizzi Efficacy of a soy rich diet in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis: the Menfis randomized trial Maturitas 42 4 2002 295 300 (Pubitemid 35007323)
50. Y. Yamori, E.H. Moriguchi, T. Teramoto, A. Miura, Y. Fukui, K.I. Honda, M. Fukui, Y. Nara, K. Taira, and Y. Moriguchi Soybean isoflavones reduce postmenopausal bone resorption in female Japanese immigrants in Brazil: a ten-week study Journal of the American College of Nutrition 21 6 2002 560 563 (Pubitemid 36026268)
51. S.M. Potter, J.A. Baum, H. Teng, R.J. Stillman, N.F. Shay, and J.W. Erdman Jr. Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68 6 Suppl. 1998 1375S 1379S (Pubitemid 28550915)
52. K.E. Wangen, A.M. Duncan, B.E. Merz-Demlow, X. Xu, R. Marcus, W.R. Phipps, and M.S. Kurzer Effects of soy isoflavones on markers of bone turnover in premenopausal and postmenopausal women The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85 9 2000 3043 3048
53. S. Kreijkamp-Kaspers, L. Kok, D.E. Grobbee, E.H. de Haan, A. Aleman, J.W. Lampe, and Y.T. van der Schouw Effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on cognitive function, bone mineral density, and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 292 1 2004 65 74 (Pubitemid 38923795)
54. J.C. Gallagher, R. Satpathy, K. Rafferty, and V. Haynatzka The effect of soy protein isolate on bone metabolism Menopause 11 3 2004 290 298 (Pubitemid 40362183)
55. D. Bunout, G. Barrera, L. Leiva, V. Gattas, M.P. de la Maza, F. Haschke, P. Steenhout, P. Klassen, C. Hager, E. Offord, and S. Hirsch Effect of a nutritional supplementation on bone health in Chilean elderly subjects with femoral osteoporosis Journal of the American College of Nutrition 25 3 2006 170 177 (Pubitemid 46939840)
56. K.M. Newton, A.Z. LaCroix, L. Levy, S.S. Li, P. Qu, J.D. Potter, and J.W. Lampe Soy protein and bone mineral density in older men and women: a randomized trial Maturitas 55 3 2006 270 277 (Pubitemid 44397353)
57. B.H. Arjmandi, E.A. Lucas, D.A. Khalil, L. Devareddy, B.J. Smith, J. McDonald, A.B. Arquitt, M.E. Payton, and C. Mason One year soy protein supplementation has positive effects on bone formation markers but not bone density in postmenopausal women Nutrition Journal 4 2005 8
58. C.L. Frankenfeld, A. McTiernan, W.K. Thomas, K. LaCroix, L. McVarish, V.L. Holt, S.M. Schwartz, and J.W. Lampe Postmenopausal bone mineral density in relation to soy isoflavone-metabolizing phenotypes Maturitas 53 3 2006 315 324 (Pubitemid 43163067)
59. E.M. Evans, S.B. Racette, R.E. Van Pelt, L.R. Peterson, and D.T. Villareal Effects of soy protein isolate and moderate exercise on bone turnover and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women Menopause 14 3 Pt 1 2007 481 488
60. J.M. Cheong, B.R. Martin, G.S. Jackson, D. Elmore, G.P. McCabe, J.R. Nolan, S. Barnes, M. Peacock, and C.M. Weaver Soy isoflavones do not affect bone resorption in postmenopausal women: a dose-response study using a novel approach with 41Ca The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 92 2 2007 577 582
61. E. Brink, V. Coxam, S. Robins, K. Wahala, A. Cassidy, and F. Branca Long-term consumption of isoflavone-enriched foods does not affect bone mineral density, bone metabolism, or hormonal status in early postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87 3 2008 761 770 (Pubitemid 351364559)
62. P.M. Vupadhyayula, J.C. Gallagher, T. Templin, S.M. Logsdon, and L.M. Smith Effects of soy protein isolate on bone mineral density and physical performance indices in postmenopausal women - a 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Menopause 16 2 2009 320 328
63. Y. Tousen, J. Ezaki, Y. Fujii, T. Ueno, M. Nishimuta, and Y. Ishimi Natural S-equol decreases bone resorption in postmenopausal, non-equol-producing Japanese women: a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled trial Menopause 18 5 2011 563 574
64. P. Albertazzi, S.A. Steel, and M. Bottazzi Effect of pure genistein on bone markers and hot flushes Climacteric: The Journal of the International Menopause Society 8 4 2005 371 379 (Pubitemid 41617486)
65. N. Morabito, A. Crisafulli, C. Vergara, A. Gaudio, A. Lasco, N. Frisina, R. D'Anna, F. Corrado, M.A. Pizzoleo, M. Cincotta, D. Altavilla, R. Ientile, and F. Squadrito Effects of genistein and hormone-replacement therapy on bone loss in early postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 17 10 2002 1904 1912
66. H. Marini, L. Minutoli, F. Polito, A. Bitto, D. Altavilla, M. Atteritano, A. Gaudio, S. Mazzaferro, A. Frisina, N. Frisina, C. Lubrano, M. Bonaiuto, R. D'Anna, M.L. Cannata, F. Corrado, E.B. Adamo, S. Wilson, and F. Squadrito Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on bone metabolism in osteopenic postmenopausal women: a randomized trial Annals of Internal Medicine 146 12 2007 839 847 (Pubitemid 351650484)
67. H.Y. Huang, H.P. Yang, H.T. Yang, T.C. Yang, M.J. Shieh, and S.Y. Huang One-year soy isoflavone supplementation prevents early postmenopausal bone loss but without a dose-dependent effect The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 17 8 2006 509 517
68. D.L. Alekel, M.D. Van Loan, K.J. Koehler, L.N. Hanson, J.W. Stewart, K.B. Hanson, M.S. Kurzer, and C.T. Peterson The soy isoflavones for reducing bone loss (SIRBL) study: a 3-y randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal women The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91 1 2010 218 230
69. T.Y. Tai, K.S. Tsai, S.T. Tu, J.S. Wu, C.I. Chang, C.L. Chen, N.S. Shaw, H.Y. Peng, S.Y. Wang, and C.H. Wu The effect of soy isoflavone on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Taiwanese women with bone loss: a 2-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study Osteoporosis International: A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 23 5 2012 1571 1580
70. T. Uesugi, Y. Fukui, and Y. Yamori Beneficial effects of soybean isoflavone supplementation on bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal Japanese women: a four-week study Journal of the American College of Nutrition 21 2 2002 97 102 (Pubitemid 38639154)
71. L.S. Harkness, K. Fiedler, A.R. Sehgal, D. Oravec, and E. Lerner Decreased bone resorption with soy isoflavone supplementation in postmenopausal women Journal of Womens Health (Larchmt) 13 9 2004 1000 1007 (Pubitemid 40017338)
72. Y.M. Chen, S.C. Ho, S.S. Lam, S.S. Ho, and J.L. Woo Soy isoflavones have a favorable effect on bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women with lower bone mass: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 88 10 2003 4740 4747 (Pubitemid 37357520)
73. Y.M. Chen, S.C. Ho, S.S. Lam, S.S. Ho, and J.L. Woo Beneficial effect of soy isoflavones on bone mineral content was modified by years since menopause, body weight, and calcium intake: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial Menopause 11 3 2004 246 254 (Pubitemid 40362178)
74. C.M. Weaver, B.R. Martin, G.S. Jackson, G.P. McCabe, J.R. Nolan, L.D. McCabe, S. Barnes, S. Reinwald, M.E. Boris, and M. Peacock Antiresorptive effects of phytoestrogen supplements compared with estradiol or risedronate in postmenopausal women using (41)Ca methodology The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 94 10 2009 3798 3805
75. A.M. Kenny, K.M. Mangano, R.H. Abourizk, R.S. Bruno, D.E. Anamani, A. Kleppinger, S.J. Walsh, K.M. Prestwood, and J.E. Kerstetter Soy proteins and isoflavones affect bone mineral density in older women: a randomized controlled trial The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90 1 2009 234 242
76. M. Mori, T. Aizawa, M. Tokoro, T. Miki, and Y. Yamori Soy isoflavone tablets reduce osteoporosis risk factors and obesity in middle-aged Japanese women Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology 31 Suppl. 2 2004 S39 S41
77. W.W. Wong, R.D. Lewis, F.M. Steinberg, M.J. Murray, M.A. Cramer, P. Amato, R.L. Young, S. Barnes, K.J. Ellis, R.J. Shypailo, J.K. Fraley, K.L. Konzelmann, J.G. Fischer, and E.O. Smith Soy isoflavone supplementation and bone mineral density in menopausal women: a 2-y multicenter clinical trial The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90 5 2009 1433 1439
78. Y.B. Ye, X.Y. Tang, M.A. Verbruggen, and Y.X. Su Soy isoflavones attenuate bone loss in early postmenopausal Chinese women: a single-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial European Journal of Nutrition 45 6 2006 327 334 (Pubitemid 44386851)
79. J. Wu, J. Oka, I. Tabata, M. Higuchi, T. Toda, N. Fuku, J. Ezaki, F. Sugiyama, S. Uchiyama, K. Yamada, and Y. Ishimi Effects of isoflavone and exercise on BMD and fat mass in postmenopausal Japanese women: a 1-year randomized placebo-controlled trial Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 21 5 2006 780 789
80. J. Wu, J. Oka, J. Ezaki, T. Ohtomo, T. Ueno, S. Uchiyama, T. Toda, M. Uehara, and Y. Ishimi Possible role of equol status in the effects of isoflavone on bone and fat mass in postmenopausal Japanese women: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial Menopause 14 5 2007 866 874 (Pubitemid 47517585)
81. E.M. Lewiecki Premenopausal bone health assessment Current Rheumatology Reports 7 1 2005 46 52
82. E.M. Balk, P. Chew, S. Ip, G. Raman, B. Kupelnick, A. Tatsioni, Y. Sun, V. Wolk, et al. Effects of Soy on Health Outcomes. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) (2005 August) (Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 126.) 3, Results. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ books/NBK37878/.
83. J.J. Heindel, and F.S. vom Saal Meeting report: batch-to-batch variability in estrogenic activity in commercial animal diets - importance and approaches for laboratory animal research Environmental Health Perspectives 116 3 2008 389 393 (Pubitemid 351395609)
84. M.A. Klein, R.L. Nahin, M.J. Messina, J.I. Rader, L.U. Thompson, T.M. Badger, J.T. Dwyer, Y.S. Kim, C.H. Pontzer, P.E. Starke-Reed, and C.M. Weaver Guidance from an NIH workshop on designing, implementing, and reporting clinical studies of soy interventions The Journal of Nutrition 140 6 2010 1192S 1204S
85. Treatment of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: position statement of The North American Menopause Society Menopause 11 1 2004 11 33
86. S. Palacios, B. Pornel, C. Bergeron, P. Chantre, F. Nogales, L. Aubert, F. Vazquez, J. Eden, and P. Mares Endometrial safety assessment of a specific and standardized soy extract according to international guidelines Menopause 14 6 2007 1006 1011 (Pubitemid 350098660)
87. N.J. Ollberding, U. Lim, L.R. Wilkens, V.W. Setiawan, Y.B. Shvetsov, B.E. Henderson, L.N. Kolonel, and M.T. Goodman Legume, soy, tofu, and isoflavone intake and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women in the multiethnic cohort study Journal of the National Cancer Institute 104 1 2012 67 76
88. K.D. Setchell, N.M. Brown, X. Zhao, S.L. Lindley, J.E. Heubi, E.C. King, and M.J. Messina Soy isoflavone phase II metabolism differs between rodents and humans: implications for the effect on breast cancer risk The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 94 5 2011 1284 1294
89. H.L. Thacker Assessing risks and benefits of nonhormonal treatments for vasomotor symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women Journal of Womens Health (Larchmt) 20 7 2011 1007 1016