메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 86-102

The Molecular Biology of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author keywords

AML; Cytogenetics; FLT3; Gene expression profiling; NPM1; RAS; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords


EID: 84885522991     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444394016.ch6     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (1)

References (126)
  • 1
    • 0015694748 scopus 로고
    • A new consistent chromosome abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa staining
    • Rowley JD. (1973) A new consistent chromosome abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa staining. Nature 243:209-13.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.243 , pp. 209-13
    • Rowley, J.D.1
  • 2
    • 0037114753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pretreatment cytogenetic abnormalities are predictive of induction success, cumulative incidence of relapse, and overall survival in adult patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 8461)
    • Byrd JC, Mrozek K, Dodge RK, et al. (2002) Pretreatment cytogenetic abnormalities are predictive of induction success, cumulative incidence of relapse, and overall survival in adult patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 8461). Blood 100:4325-36.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 4325-36
    • Byrd, J.C.1    Mrozek, K.2    Dodge, R.K.3
  • 3
    • 19944427850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytoplasmic nucleophosmin in acute myelogenous leukemia with a normal karyotype
    • Falini B, Mecucci C, Tiacci E, et al. (2005) Cytoplasmic nucleophosmin in acute myelogenous leukemia with a normal karyotype. New Engl J Med 352:254-66.
    • (2005) New Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 254-66
    • Falini, B.1    Mecucci, C.2    Tiacci, E.3
  • 4
    • 0141465061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of FLT3 in haematopoietic malignancies
    • Stirewalt DL, Radich JP. (2003) The role of FLT3 in haematopoietic malignancies. Nature Reviews 3:650-65.
    • (2003) Nature Reviews , vol.3 , pp. 650-65
    • Stirewalt, D.L.1    Radich, J.P.2
  • 5
    • 64849100299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetic pathways as therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukemia
    • 2008
    • Haferlach T. (2008) Molecular genetic pathways as therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematology 2008:400-11.
    • (2008) Hematology , pp. 400-11
    • Haferlach, T.1
  • 6
    • 0034890863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematologic malignancies
    • Gilliland DG. (2001) Hematologic malignancies. Curr Opin Hematol 8:189-91.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Hematol , vol.8 , pp. 189-91
    • Gilliland, D.G.1
  • 7
    • 0032523142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute promyelocytic leukemia: relieving repression induces remission
    • Collins SJ. (1998) Acute promyelocytic leukemia: relieving repression induces remission. Blood 91:2631-3.
    • (1998) Blood , vol.91 , pp. 2631-3
    • Collins, S.J.1
  • 8
    • 0028179425 scopus 로고
    • PLZF-RAR alpha fusion proteins generated from the variant t (11;17)(q23;q21) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia inhibit ligand-dependent transactivation of wild-type retinoic acid receptors
    • USA
    • Chen Z, Guidez F, Rousselot P, et al. (1994) PLZF-RAR alpha fusion proteins generated from the variant t (11;17)(q23;q21) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia inhibit ligand-dependent transactivation of wild-type retinoic acid receptors. Proc Natl Acad SciU S A 91:1178-82.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.91 , pp. 1178-82
    • Chen, Z.1    Guidez, F.2    Rousselot, P.3
  • 9
    • 0030022316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The t(5;17) variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia expresses a nucleophosmin-retinoic acid receptor fusion
    • Redner RL, Rush EA, Faas S, Rudert WA, Corey SJ. (1996) The t(5;17) variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia expresses a nucleophosmin-retinoic acid receptor fusion. Blood 87:882-6.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.87 , pp. 882-6
    • Redner, R.L.1    Rush, E.A.2    Faas, S.3    Rudert, W.A.4    Corey, S.J.5
  • 10
    • 0030771192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fusion of retinoic acid receptor alpha to NuMA, the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein, by a variant translocation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia
    • Wells RA, Catzavelos C, Kamel-Reid S. (1997) Fusion of retinoic acid receptor alpha to NuMA, the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein, by a variant translocation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Nat Genet 17:109-13.
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.17 , pp. 109-13
    • Wells, R.A.1    Catzavelos, C.2    Kamel-Reid, S.3
  • 11
    • 0032867588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT5b gene is a new partner of retinoic acid receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic-like leukaemia
    • Arnould C, Philippe C, Bourdon V, et al. (1999) The signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT5b gene is a new partner of retinoic acid receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic-like leukaemia.HumMol Genet 8:1741-9.
    • (1999) HumMol Gene , vol.8 , pp. 1741-9
    • Arnould, C.1    Philippe, C.2    Bourdon, V.3
  • 12
    • 0037169341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of PML in tumor suppression
    • Salomoni P, Pandolfi P.P. (2002) The role of PML in tumor suppression. Cell 108:165-70.
    • (2002) Cell , vol.108 , pp. 165-70
    • Salomoni, P.1    Pandolfi, P.P.2
  • 13
    • 0036636857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core-binding factors in haematopoiesis and leukaemia
    • Speck NA, Gilliland DG. (2002) Core-binding factors in haematopoiesis and leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2:502-13.
    • (2002) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.2 , pp. 502-13
    • Speck, N.A.1    Gilliland, D.G.2
  • 14
    • 9544257262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of the AML1/ETO fusion transcript in patients treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for t(8;21) leukemia
    • Jurlander J, Caligiuri MA, Ruutu T, et al. (1996) Persistence of the AML1/ETO fusion transcript in patients treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for t(8;21) leukemia. Blood 88:2183-91.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.88 , pp. 2183-91
    • Jurlander, J.1    Caligiuri, M.A.2    Ruutu, T.3
  • 15
    • 0027317604 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of the 8;21 translocation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia type M2 in long-term remission
    • Nucifora G, Larson RA, Rowley JD. (1993) Persistence of the 8;21 translocation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia type M2 in long-term remission. Blood 82:712-5.
    • (1993) Blood , vol.82 , pp. 712-5
    • Nucifora, G.1    Larson, R.A.2    Rowley, J.D.3
  • 16
    • 31444447072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of fusion partner genes in 114 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia and MLL rearrangement
    • Shih LY, Liang DC, Fu JF, et al. (2006) Characterization of fusion partner genes in 114 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia and MLL rearrangement. Leukemia 20:218-23.
    • (2006) Leukemia , vol.20 , pp. 218-23
    • Shih, L.Y.1    Liang, D.C.2    Fu, J.F.3
  • 17
    • 0141816710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AML with 11q23/MLL abnormalities as defined by the WHO classification: incidence, partner chromosomes, FAB subtype, age distribution, and prognostic impact in an unselected series of 1897 cytogenetically analyzed AML cases
    • Schoch C, Schnittger S, Klaus M, et al. (2003) AML with 11q23/MLL abnormalities as defined by the WHO classification: incidence, partner chromosomes, FAB subtype, age distribution, and prognostic impact in an unselected series of 1897 cytogenetically analyzed AML cases. Blood 102:2395-402.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102 , pp. 2395-402
    • Schoch, C.1    Schnittger, S.2    Klaus, M.3
  • 18
    • 70350497118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel prognostic subgroups in childhood 11q23/MLLrearranged acute myeloid leukemia: results of an international retrospective study
    • Balgobind BV, Raimondi SC, Harbott J, et al. (2009) Novel prognostic subgroups in childhood 11q23/MLLrearranged acute myeloid leukemia: results of an international retrospective study. Blood 114:2489-96.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , pp. 2489-96
    • Balgobind, B.V.1    Raimondi, S.C.2    Harbott, J.3
  • 19
    • 0036682174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of partial tandem duplications of the MLL gene in adult patients 16 to 60 years old with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics: a study of the Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group Ulm
    • Dohner K, Tobis K, Ulrich R, et al. (2002) Prognostic significance of partial tandem duplications of the MLL gene in adult patients 16 to 60 years old with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics: a study of the Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group Ulm. J Clin Oncol 20:3254-61.
    • (2002) J Clin Oncol , vol.20 , pp. 3254-61
    • Dohner, K.1    Tobis, K.2    Ulrich, R.3
  • 20
    • 0032519768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • c-kit ligand and FLT3 ligand: stem/progenitor cell factors with overlapping yet distinct activities
    • Lyman SD, Jacobsen SE. (1998) c-kit ligand and FLT3 ligand: stem/progenitor cell factors with overlapping yet distinct activities. Blood 91:1101-34.
    • (1998) Blood , vol.91 , pp. 1101-34
    • Lyman, S.D.1    Jacobsen, S.E.2
  • 21
    • 0024376173 scopus 로고
    • Ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review
    • Bos JL. (1989) Ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review. Cancer Res 49:4682-9.
    • (1989) Cancer Res , vol.49 , pp. 4682-9
    • Bos, J.L.1
  • 22
    • 0037365086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular targets in acute myelogenous leukemia
    • Stirewalt DL, Meshinchi S, Radich JP. (2003) Molecular targets in acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood Rev 17:15-23.
    • (2003) Blood Rev , vol.17 , pp. 15-23
    • Stirewalt, D.L.1    Meshinchi, S.2    Radich, J.P.3
  • 23
    • 0030992130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein prenylation, et cetera: signal transduction in two dimensions
    • Gelb MH. (1997) Protein prenylation, et cetera: signal transduction in two dimensions. Science 275:1750-1.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1750-1
    • Gelb, M.H.1
  • 24
    • 0029926755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling by the cytokine receptor superfamily in normal and transformed hematopoietic cells
    • Ihle JN. (1996) Signaling by the cytokine receptor superfamily in normal and transformed hematopoietic cells. Adv Can Res 68:23-65.
    • (1996) Adv Can Res , vol.68 , pp. 23-65
    • Ihle, J.N.1
  • 25
    • 0028964465 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine signaling through nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases
    • Taniguchi T. (1995) Cytokine signaling through nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases. Science 268:251-5.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 251-5
    • Taniguchi, T.1
  • 26
    • 15444339209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A TEL-JAK2 fusion protein with constitutive kinase activity in human leukemia
    • Lacronique V, Boureux A, Valle VD, et al. (1997) A TEL-JAK2 fusion protein with constitutive kinase activity in human leukemia. Science 278:1309-12.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1309-12
    • Lacronique, V.1    Boureux, A.2    Valle, V.D.3
  • 27
    • 0034660463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive Stat3, Tyr705, and Ser727 phosphorylation in acute myeloid leukemia cells caused by the autocrine secretion of interleukin-6
    • Schuringa JJ, Wierenga AT, Kruijer W, Vellenga E. (2000) Constitutive Stat3, Tyr705, and Ser727 phosphorylation in acute myeloid leukemia cells caused by the autocrine secretion of interleukin-6. Blood 95:3765-70.
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , pp. 3765-70
    • Schuringa, J.J.1    Wierenga, A.T.2    Kruijer, W.3    Vellenga, E.4
  • 28
    • 0035203382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of constitutive STAT5 phosphorylation in acute myeloid leukemia blasts
    • Birkenkamp KU, Geugien M, Lemmink HH, Kruijer W, Vellenga E. (2001) Regulation of constitutive STAT5 phosphorylation in acute myeloid leukemia blasts. Leukemia 15:1923-31.
    • (2001) Leukemia , vol.15 , pp. 1923-31
    • Birkenkamp, K.U.1    Geugien, M.2    Lemmink, H.H.3    Kruijer, W.4    Vellenga, E.5
  • 29
    • 0031686409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene is a novel modality of elongation mutation which causes constitutive activation of the product
    • Kiyoi H, Towatari M, Yokota S, et al. (1998) Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene is a novel modality of elongation mutation which causes constitutive activation of the product. Leukemia 12:1333-7.
    • (1998) Leukemia , vol.12 , pp. 1333-7
    • Kiyoi, H.1    Towatari, M.2    Yokota, S.3
  • 30
    • 0030451722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene found in acute myeloid leukemia
    • Nakao M, Yokota S, Iwai T, et al. (1996) Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene found in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 10:1911-8.
    • (1996) Leukemia , vol.10 , pp. 1911-8
    • Nakao, M.1    Yokota, S.2    Iwai, T.3
  • 31
    • 65449158845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anovel molecular mechanism of primary resistance to FLT3-kinase inhibitors in AML
    • Breitenbuecher F, Markova B, Kasper S, et al. (2009) Anovel molecular mechanism of primary resistance to FLT3-kinase inhibitors in AML. Blood 113:4063-73.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.113 , pp. 4063-73
    • Breitenbuecher, F.1    Markova, B.2    Kasper, S.3
  • 32
    • 70350504884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insertion of FLT3 internal tandem duplication in the tyrosine kinase domain-1 is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and inferior outcome
    • Kayser S, Schlenk RF, Londono MC, et al. (2009) Insertion of FLT3 internal tandem duplication in the tyrosine kinase domain-1 is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and inferior outcome. Blood 114:2386-92.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , pp. 2386-92
    • Kayser, S.1    Schlenk, R.F.2    Londono, M.C.3
  • 33
    • 0034936404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of novel FLT-3 Asp835 mutations in adult acute myeloid leukaemia
    • Abu-Duhier FM, Goodeve AC, Wilson GA, et al. (2001) Identification of novel FLT-3 Asp835 mutations in adult acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 113:983-8.
    • (2001) Br J Haematol , vol.113 , pp. 983-8
    • Abu-Duhier, F.M.1    Goodeve, A.C.2    Wilson, G.A.3
  • 34
    • 0035871889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activating mutation of D835 within the activation loop of FLT3 in human hematologic malignancies
    • Yamamoto Y, Kiyoi H, Nakano Y, et al. (2001) Activating mutation of D835 within the activation loop of FLT3 in human hematologic malignancies. Blood 97:2434-9.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.97 , pp. 2434-9
    • Yamamoto, Y.1    Kiyoi, H.2    Nakano, Y.3
  • 35
    • 36649000489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of driver and passenger mutations of FLT3 by high-throughput DNA sequence analysis and functional assessment of candidate alleles
    • Frohling S, Scholl C, Levine RL, et al. (2007) Identification of driver and passenger mutations of FLT3 by high-throughput DNA sequence analysis and functional assessment of candidate alleles. Cancer Cell 12:501-13.
    • (2007) Cancer Cell , vol.12 , pp. 501-13
    • Frohling, S.1    Scholl, C.2    Levine, R.L.3
  • 36
    • 34547120985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arginine 595 is duplicated in patients with acute leukemias carrying internal tandem duplications of FLT3 and modulates its transforming potential
    • Vempati S, Reindl C, Kaza SK, et al. (2007) Arginine 595 is duplicated in patients with acute leukemias carrying internal tandem duplications of FLT3 and modulates its transforming potential. Blood 110:686-94.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.110 , pp. 686-94
    • Vempati, S.1    Reindl, C.2    Kaza, S.K.3
  • 38
    • 0001097136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene is found in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia as well as acute myeloid leukaemia but not in myelodysplastic syndrome or juvenile chronic mye- logenous leukaemia in children
    • Xu F, Taki T, Yang HW, et al. (1999) Tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene is found in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia as well as acute myeloid leukaemia but not in myelodysplastic syndrome or juvenile chronic mye- logenous leukaemia in children. Br J Haematol 105:155-62.
    • (1999) Br J Haematol , vol.105 , pp. 155-62
    • Xu, F.1    Taki, T.2    Yang, H.W.3
  • 39
    • 0035383768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FLT3, RAS, and TP53 mutations in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia
    • Stirewalt DL, Kopecky KJ, Meshinchi S, et al. (2001) FLT3, RAS, and TP53 mutations in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 97:3589-95.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.97 , pp. 3589-95
    • Stirewalt, D.L.1    Kopecky, K.J.2    Meshinchi, S.3
  • 40
    • 0035168677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and prognostic significance of FLT3 internal tandem duplication in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
    • Meshinchi S, Woods WG, Stirewalt DL, et al. (2001) Prevalence and prognostic significance of FLT3 internal tandem duplication in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 97:89-94.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.97 , pp. 89-94
    • Meshinchi, S.1    Woods, W.G.2    Stirewalt, D.L.3
  • 41
    • 0036659931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of FLT3 length mutations in 1003 patients with acute myeloid leukemia: correlation to cytogenetics, FAB subtype, and prognosis in the AMLCG study and usefulness as a marker for the detection of minimal residual disease
    • Schnittger S, Schoch C, Dugas M, et al. (2002) Analysis of FLT3 length mutations in 1003 patients with acute myeloid leukemia: correlation to cytogenetics, FAB subtype, and prognosis in the AMLCG study and usefulness as a marker for the detection of minimal residual disease. Blood 100:59-66.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 59-66
    • Schnittger, S.1    Schoch, C.2    Dugas, M.3
  • 42
    • 0037097716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of FLT3-activating mutations in 979 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia: association with FAB subtypes and identification of subgroups with poor prognosis
    • Thiede C, Steudel C, Mohr B, et al. (2002) Analysis of FLT3-activating mutations in 979 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia: association with FAB subtypes and identification of subgroups with poor prognosis. Blood 99:4326-35.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.99 , pp. 4326-35
    • Thiede, C.1    Steudel, C.2    Mohr, B.3
  • 43
    • 0033758958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations in adult acute myeloid leukaemia define a high-risk group
    • Abu-Duhier FM, Goodeve AC, Wilson GA, et al. (2000) FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations in adult acute myeloid leukaemia define a high-risk group. Br J Haematol 111(1):190-5.
    • (2000) Br J Haematol , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. 190-5
    • Abu-Duhier, F.M.1    Goodeve, A.C.2    Wilson, G.A.3
  • 44
    • 0033134792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic implication of FLT3 and N-RAS gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia
    • Kiyoi H, Naoe T, Nakano Y, et al. (1999) Prognostic implication of FLT3 and N-RAS gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 93:3074-80.
    • (1999) Blood , vol.93 , pp. 3074-80
    • Kiyoi, H.1    Naoe, T.2    Nakano, Y.3
  • 45
    • 0035885955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The presence of a FLT3 internal tandem duplication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) adds important prognostic information to cytogenetic risk group and response to the first cycle of chemotherapy: analysis of 854 patients from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML 10 and 12 trials
    • Kottaridis PD, Gale RE, Frew ME, et al. (2001) The presence of a FLT3 internal tandem duplication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) adds important prognostic information to cytogenetic risk group and response to the first cycle of chemotherapy: analysis of 854 patients from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML 10 and 12 trials. Blood 98:1752-9.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.98 , pp. 1752-9
    • Kottaridis, P.D.1    Gale, R.E.2    Frew, M.E.3
  • 46
    • 0032931560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene and clinical evaluation in childhood acute myeloid leukemia
    • Iwai T, Yokota S, Nakao M, et al. (1999) Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene and clinical evaluation in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. The Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group, Japan. Leukemia 13:38-43.
    • (1999) The Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group, Japan. Leukemia , vol.13 , pp. 38-43
    • Iwai, T.1    Yokota, S.2    Nakao, M.3
  • 47
    • 0032757551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia
    • Kondo M, Horibe K, Takahashi Y, et al. (1999) Prognostic value of internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. Med Pediatr Oncol 33:525-9.
    • (1999) Med Pediatr Oncol , vol.33 , pp. 525-9
    • Kondo, M.1    Horibe, K.2    Takahashi, Y.3
  • 48
    • 0035476264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of the wild-type allele predicts poor prognosis in adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics and the internal tandem duplication of FLT3: a cancer and leukemia group B study
    • Whitman SP, Archer KJ, Feng L, et al. (2001) Absence of the wild-type allele predicts poor prognosis in adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics and the internal tandem duplication of FLT3: a cancer and leukemia group B study. Cancer Res 61:7233-9.
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 7233-9
    • Whitman, S.P.1    Archer, K.J.2    Feng, L.3
  • 49
    • 0036786289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: a comparative analysis of bone marrow samples from 108 adult patients at diagnosis and relapse
    • Shih LY, Huang CF, Wu JH, et al. (2002) Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: a comparative analysis of bone marrow samples from 108 adult patients at diagnosis and relapse. Blood 100:2387-92.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 2387-92
    • Shih, L.Y.1    Huang, C.F.2    Wu, J.H.3
  • 50
    • 0036850573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations of the FLT3 gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia: association with diagnostic characteristics and analysis of clinical outcome in patients treated with the Italian AIDA protocol
    • Noguera NI, Breccia M, Divona M, et al. (2002) Alterations of the FLT3 gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia: association with diagnostic characteristics and analysis of clinical outcome in patients treated with the Italian AIDA protocol. Leukemia 16:2185-9.
    • (2002) Leukemia , vol.16 , pp. 2185-9
    • Noguera, N.I.1    Breccia, M.2    Divona, M.3
  • 51
    • 0036659931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of FLT3 length mutations in 1003 patients with acute myeloid leukemia: correlation to cytogenetics, FAB subtype, and prognosis in the AMLCG study and usefulness as a marker for the detection of minimal residual disease
    • Schnittger S, Schoch C, DugasM,et al. (2002) Analysis of FLT3 length mutations in 1003 patients with acute myeloid leukemia: correlation to cytogenetics, FAB subtype, and prognosis in the AMLCG study and usefulness as a marker for the detection of minimal residual disease. Blood 100:59-66.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 59-66
    • Schnittger, S.1    Schoch, C.2    Dugas, M.3
  • 52
    • 33646431111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size of FLT3 internal tandem duplication has prognostic significance in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
    • Stirewalt DL, Kopecky KJ, Meshinchi S, et al. (2006) Size of FLT3 internal tandem duplication has prognostic significance in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 107:3724-6.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 3724-6
    • Stirewalt, D.L.1    Kopecky, K.J.2    Meshinchi, S.3
  • 53
    • 0141455981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FLT3 and MLL intragenic abnormalities in AML reflect a common category of genotoxic stress
    • Libura M, Asnafi V, Tu A, et al. (2003) FLT3 and MLL intragenic abnormalities in AML reflect a common category of genotoxic stress. Blood 102:2198-204.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102 , pp. 2198-204
    • Libura, M.1    Asnafi, V.2    Tu, A.3
  • 54
    • 0024990090 scopus 로고
    • N-ras mutations in adult de novo acute myelogenous leukemia: prevalence and clinical significance
    • Radich JP, Kopecky KJ,Willman CL, et al. (1990) N-ras mutations in adult de novo acute myelogenous leukemia: prevalence and clinical significance. Blood 76:801-7.
    • (1990) Blood , vol.76 , pp. 801-7
    • Radich, J.P.1    Kopecky, K.J.2    Willman, C.L.3
  • 55
    • 0035383768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FLT3, RAS, and TP53 mutations in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia
    • Stirewalt DL, Kopecky KJ, Meshinchi S, et al. (2001) FLT3, RAS, and TP53 mutations in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 97:3589-95.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.97 , pp. 3589-95
    • Stirewalt, D.L.1    Kopecky, K.J.2    Meshinchi, S.3
  • 56
    • 17344371122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAS, FMS and p53 mutations and poor clinical outcome in myelodysplasias: a 10-year follow-up
    • Padua RA, Guinn BA, Al-Sabah AI, et al. (1998) RAS, FMS and p53 mutations and poor clinical outcome in myelodysplasias: a 10-year follow-up. Leukemia 12:887-92.
    • (1998) Leukemia , vol.12 , pp. 887-92
    • Padua, R.A.1    Guinn, B.A.2    Al-Sabah, A.I.3
  • 57
    • 0032896457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAS mutations and clonality analysis in children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
    • Flotho C,Valcamonica S, Mach-Pascual S, et al. (1999) RAS mutations and clonality analysis in children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Leukemia 13:32-7.
    • (1999) Leukemia , vol.13 , pp. 32-7
    • Flotho, C.1    Valcamonica, S.2    Mach-Pascual, S.3
  • 58
    • 0024998851 scopus 로고
    • RAS mutations are rare events in Philadelphia chromosome-negative/bcr gene rearrangement-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia, but are prevalent in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
    • Hirsch-Ginsberg C, LeMaistre AC, Kantarjian H, et al. (1990) RAS mutations are rare events in Philadelphia chromosome-negative/bcr gene rearrangement-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia, but are prevalent in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood 76:1214-9.
    • (1990) Blood , vol.76 , pp. 1214-9
    • Hirsch-Ginsberg, C.1    LeMaistre, A.C.2    Kantarjian, H.3
  • 59
    • 0031937682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular pathophysiology of myeloid leukaemias: Ras revisited
    • Byrne JL, Marshall CJ. (1998) The molecular pathophysiology of myeloid leukaemias: Ras revisited. Br J Haematol 100:256-64.
    • (1998) Br J Haematol , vol.100 , pp. 256-64
    • Byrne, J.L.1    Marshall, C.J.2
  • 60
    • 33646575624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of NRAS mutations in AML: a study of 2502 patients
    • Bacher U, Haferlach T, Schoch C, KernW, Schnittger S. (2006) Implications of NRAS mutations in AML: a study of 2502 patients. Blood 107:3847-53.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 3847-53
    • Bacher, U.1    Haferlach, T.2    Schoch, C.3    Kern, W.4    Schnittger, S.5
  • 62
    • 0032989226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • c-kit protooncogene exon 8 in-frame deletion plus insertion mutations in acute myeloid leukaemia
    • Gari M, Goodeve A,Wilson G, et al. (1999) c-kit protooncogene exon 8 in-frame deletion plus insertion mutations in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 105:894-900.
    • (1999) Br J Haematol , vol.105 , pp. 894-900
    • Gari, M.1    Goodeve, A.2    Wilson, G.3
  • 63
    • 7844228063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic mastocytosis associated with acute myeloid leukaemia: report of two cases and detection of the c-kit mutation Asp-816 to Val
    • Sperr WR, Walchshofer S, Horny HP, et al. (1998) Systemic mastocytosis associated with acute myeloid leukaemia: report of two cases and detection of the c-kit mutation Asp-816 to Val. Br J Haematol 103:740-9.
    • (1998) Br J Haematol , vol.103 , pp. 740-9
    • Sperr, W.R.1    Walchshofer, S.2    Horny, H.P.3
  • 64
    • 33344465478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KITD816 mutations in AML1-ETO-positiveAMLare associated with impaired event-free and overall survival
    • Schnittger S, Kohl TM, Haferlach T, et al. (2006) KITD816 mutations in AML1-ETO-positiveAMLare associated with impaired event-free and overall survival. Blood 107:1791-9.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 1791-9
    • Schnittger, S.1    Kohl, T.M.2    Haferlach, T.3
  • 65
    • 28444473100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutant nucleophosmin (NPM1) predicts favorable prognosis in younger adults with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics: interaction with other gene mutations
    • Dohner K, Schlenk RF, Habdank M, et al. (2005) Mutant nucleophosmin (NPM1) predicts favorable prognosis in younger adults with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics: interaction with other gene mutations. Blood 106:3740-6.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 3740-6
    • Dohner, K.1    Schlenk, R.F.2    Habdank, M.3
  • 66
    • 41949090673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutant level, number, size, and interaction with NPM1 mutations in a large cohort of young adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia
    • Gale RE, Green C, Allen C, et al. (2008) The impact of FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutant level, number, size, and interaction with NPM1 mutations in a large cohort of young adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 111:2776-84.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.111 , pp. 2776-84
    • Gale, R.E.1    Green, C.2    Allen, C.3
  • 67
    • 42949142189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations and treatment outcome in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia
    • Schlenk RF, Dohner K, Krauter J, et al. (2008) Mutations and treatment outcome in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. New Engl J Med 358:1909-18.
    • (2008) New Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1909-18
    • Schlenk, R.F.1    Dohner, K.2    Krauter, J.3
  • 68
    • 28444449081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleophosmin gene mutations are predictors of favorable prognosis in acute myelogenous leukemia with a normal karyotype
    • Schnittger S, Schoch C, KernW, et al. (2005) Nucleophosmin gene mutations are predictors of favorable prognosis in acute myelogenous leukemia with a normal karyotype. Blood 106:3733-9.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 3733-9
    • Schnittger, S.1    Schoch, C.2    Ker, W.3
  • 69
    • 33646557337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and prognostic impact of NPM1 mutations in 1485 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
    • Thiede C, Koch S, Creutzig E, et al. (2006) Prevalence and prognostic impact of NPM1 mutations in 1485 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Blood 107:4011-20.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 4011-20
    • Thiede, C.1    Koch, S.2    Creutzig, E.3
  • 70
    • 67651065502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic characterization of TET1, TET2, and TET3 alterations in myeloid malignancies
    • Abdel-Wahab O, Mullally A, Hedvat C, et al. (2009) Genetic characterization of TET1, TET2, and TET3 alterations in myeloid malignancies. Blood 114:144-7.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , pp. 144-7
    • Abdel-Wahab, O.1    Mullally, A.2    Hedvat, C.3
  • 71
    • 67650924270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of mutant TET2 in myeloid malignancies other than myeloproliferative neoplasms: CMML, MDS, MDS/MPN and AML
    • Tefferi A, Lim KH, Abdel-Wahab O, et al. (2009) Detection of mutant TET2 in myeloid malignancies other than myeloproliferative neoplasms: CMML, MDS, MDS/MPN and AML. Leukemia 23:1343-5.
    • (2009) Leukemia , vol.23 , pp. 1343-5
    • Tefferi, A.1    Lim, K.H.2    Abdel-Wahab, O.3
  • 73
    • 70350438115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TET2 mutation is an independent favorable prognostic factor in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs)
    • Kosmider O, Gelsi-Boyer V, Cheok M, et al. (2009) TET2 mutation is an independent favorable prognostic factor in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Blood 114:3285-91.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , pp. 3285-91
    • Kosmider, O.1    Gelsi-Boyer, V.2    Cheok, M.3
  • 74
    • 1442356729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CEBPA mutations in younger adults with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics: prognostic relevance and analysis of cooperating mutations
    • Frohling S, Schlenk RF, Stolze I, et al. (2004) CEBPA mutations in younger adults with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics: prognostic relevance and analysis of cooperating mutations. J Clin Oncol 22:624-33.
    • (2004) J Clin Oncol , vol.22 , pp. 624-33
    • Frohling, S.1    Schlenk, R.F.2    Stolze, I.3
  • 75
    • 0037108111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Favorable prognostic significance of CEBPAmutations in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA)
    • Preudhomme C, Sagot C, Boissel N, et al. (2002) Favorable prognostic significance of CEBPAmutations in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA). Blood 100:2717-23.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 2717-23
    • Preudhomme, C.1    Sagot, C.2    Boissel, N.3
  • 76
    • 34247579714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tumor suppressor and oncogene: the WT1 story
    • Yang L, Han Y, Suarez Saiz F, Minden MD. (2007) A tumor suppressor and oncogene: the WT1 story. Leukemia 21:868-76.
    • (2007) Leukemia , vol.21 , pp. 868-76
    • Yang, L.1    Han, Y.2    Suarez Saiz, F.3    Minden, M.D.4
  • 77
    • 0030737629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of Wilms' tumor gene (wt1) mRNA in acute myeloid leukemias are associated with a worse longterm outcome
    • Bergmann L, Miething C, Maurer U, et al. (1997) High levels of Wilms' tumor gene (wt1) mRNA in acute myeloid leukemias are associated with a worse longterm outcome. Blood 90:1217-25.
    • (1997) Blood , vol.90 , pp. 1217-25
    • Bergmann, L.1    Miething, C.2    Maurer, U.3
  • 78
    • 0032522974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wilms' tumor (WT1) gene mutations occur mainly in acute myeloid leukemia and may confer drug resistance
    • King-Underwood L, Pritchard-Jones K. (1998)Wilms' tumor (WT1) gene mutations occur mainly in acute myeloid leukemia and may confer drug resistance. Blood 91:2961-8.
    • (1998) Blood , vol.91 , pp. 2961-8
    • King-Underwood, L.1    Pritchard-Jones, K.2
  • 79
    • 33847238455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wilms' tumour 1 mutations are associated with FLT3-ITD and failure of standard induction chemotherapy in patients with normal karyotype AML
    • author reply 2
    • Summers K, Stevens J, Kakkas I, et al. (2007)Wilms' tumour 1 mutations are associated with FLT3-ITD and failure of standard induction chemotherapy in patients with normal karyotype AML. Leukemia 21(3): 550-1; author reply 2.
    • (2007) Leukemia , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 550-1
    • Summers, K.1    Stevens, J.2    Kakkas, I.3
  • 80
    • 23844458023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic impact of RT-PCR-based quantification of WT1 gene expression during MRD monitoring of acute myeloid leukemia
    • Weisser M, KernW, Rauhut S, et al. (2005) Prognostic impact of RT-PCR-based quantification of WT1 gene expression during MRD monitoring of acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 19:1416-23.
    • (2005) Leukemia , vol.19 , pp. 1416-23
    • Weisser, M.1    Kern, W.2    Rauhut, S.3
  • 81
    • 0028942107 scopus 로고
    • A novel gene, AF1q, fused to MLL in t(1;11) (q21;q23), is specifically expressed in leukemic and immature hematopoietic cells
    • Tse W, Zhu W, Chen HS, Cohen A. (1995) A novel gene, AF1q, fused to MLL in t(1;11) (q21;q23), is specifically expressed in leukemic and immature hematopoietic cells. Blood 85:650-6.
    • (1995) Blood , vol.85 , pp. 650-6
    • Tse, W.1    Zhu, W.2    Chen, H.S.3    Cohen, A.4
  • 82
    • 65649120444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated AF1q expression is a poor prognostic marker for adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal cytogenetics
    • Strunk CJ, Platzbecker U, Thiede C, et al. (2009) Elevated AF1q expression is a poor prognostic marker for adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal cytogenetics. Am J Haematol 84:308-9.
    • (2009) Am J Haematol , vol.84 , pp. 308-9
    • Strunk, C.J.1    Platzbecker, U.2    Thiede, C.3
  • 83
    • 12744279347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased AF1q gene expression in highrisk myelodysplastic syndrome
    • Tse W, Joachim Deeg H, Stirewalt D, et al. (2005) Increased AF1q gene expression in highrisk myelodysplastic syndrome. Br J Haematol 128:218-20.
    • (2005) Br J Haematol , vol.128 , pp. 218-20
    • Tse, W.1    Joachim Deeg, H.2    Stirewalt, D.3
  • 84
    • 8644238287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated expression of the AF1q gene, anMLL fusion partner, is an independent adverse prognostic factor in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
    • TseW, Meshinchi S, Alonzo TA, et al. (2004) Elevated expression of the AF1q gene, anMLL fusion partner, is an independent adverse prognostic factor in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 104:3058-63.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.104 , pp. 3058-63
    • Tse, W.1    Meshinchi, S.2    Alonzo, T.A.3
  • 85
    • 0041440085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAALC expression predicts clinical outcome of de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal cytogenetics: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study
    • Baldus CD, Tanner SM, Ruppert AS, et al. (2003) BAALC expression predicts clinical outcome of de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal cytogenetics: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. Blood 102:1613-8.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102 , pp. 1613-8
    • Baldus, C.D.1    Tanner, S.M.2    Ruppert, A.S.3
  • 86
    • 45949110015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High BAALC expression associates with other molecular prognostic markers, poor outcome, and a distinct gene-expression signature in cytogenetically normal patients younger than 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study
    • Langer C, Radmacher MD, Ruppert AS, et al. (2008) High BAALC expression associates with other molecular prognostic markers, poor outcome, and a distinct gene-expression signature in cytogenetically normal patients younger than 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study. Blood 111:5371-9.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.111 , pp. 5371-9
    • Langer, C.1    Radmacher, M.D.2    Ruppert, A.S.3
  • 87
    • 33644830601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of the ETS-related gene, ERG, predicts a worse outcome in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study
    • Marcucci G, Baldus CD, Ruppert AS, et al. (2005) Overexpression of the ETS-related gene, ERG, predicts a worse outcome in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol 23:9234-42.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 9234-42
    • Marcucci, G.1    Baldus, C.D.2    Ruppert, A.S.3
  • 88
    • 38949123096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal lesions and uniparental disomy detected by SNP arrays in MDS, MDS/MPD, and MDS-derived AML
    • Gondek LP, Tiu R, O'Keefe CL, et al. (2008) Chromosomal lesions and uniparental disomy detected by SNP arrays in MDS, MDS/MPD, and MDS-derived AML. Blood 111:1534-42.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.111 , pp. 1534-42
    • Gondek, L.P.1    Tiu, R.2    O'Keefe, C.L.3
  • 89
    • 44449151696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel regions of acquired uniparental disomy discovered in acute myeloid leukemia
    • Gupta M, Raghavan M, Gale RE, et al. (2008) Novel regions of acquired uniparental disomy discovered in acute myeloid leukemia. Genes, Chromosomes Cancer 47:729-39.
    • (2008) Genes, Chromosomes Cancer , vol.47 , pp. 729-39
    • Gupta, M.1    Raghavan, M.2    Gale, R.E.3
  • 90
    • 34249733270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA profiling analysis of 100 consecutive de novo acute myeloid leukemia cases reveals patterns of genomic instability that affect all cytogenetic risk groups
    • Suela J, Alvarez S, Cifuentes F, et al. (2007) DNA profiling analysis of 100 consecutive de novo acute myeloid leukemia cases reveals patterns of genomic instability that affect all cytogenetic risk groups. Leukemia 21:1224-31.
    • (2007) Leukemia , vol.21 , pp. 1224-31
    • Suela, J.1    Alvarez, S.2    Cifuentes, F.3
  • 91
    • 55549101623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome
    • Ley TJ, Mardis ER, Ding L, et al. (2008) DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome. Nature 456:66-72.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.456 , pp. 66-72
    • Ley, T.J.1    Mardis, E.R.2    Ding, L.3
  • 92
    • 70149093912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurring mutations found by sequencing an acute myeloid leukemia genome
    • Mardis ER, Ding L, Dooling DJ, et al. (2009) Recurring mutations found by sequencing an acute myeloid leukemia genome. New Engl J Med 361:1058-66.
    • (2009) New Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 1058-66
    • Mardis, E.R.1    Ding, L.2    Dooling, D.J.3
  • 93
    • 18544375333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MLL translocations specify a distinct gene expression profile that distinguishes a unique leukemia
    • Armstrong SA, Staunton JE, Silverman LB, et al. (2002) MLL translocations specify a distinct gene expression profile that distinguishes a unique leukemia. Nat Genet 30:41-7.
    • (2002) Nat Genet , vol.30 , pp. 41-7
    • Armstrong, S.A.1    Staunton, J.E.2    Silverman, L.B.3
  • 94
    • 17744366190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AML M3 and AML M3 variant each have a distinct gene expression signature but also share patterns different from other genetically defined AML subtypes
    • Haferlach T, Kohlmann A, Schnittger S, et al. (2005) AML M3 and AML M3 variant each have a distinct gene expression signature but also share patterns different from other genetically defined AML subtypes. Genes, Chromosomes Cancer 43:113-27.
    • (2005) Genes, Chromosomes Cancer , vol.43 , pp. 113-27
    • Haferlach, T.1    Kohlmann, A.2    Schnittger, S.3
  • 95
    • 18444388287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myeloid leukemias with reciprocal rearrangements can be distinguished by specific gene expression profiles
    • USA
    • Schoch C, Kohlmann A, Schnittger S, et al. (2002) Acute myeloid leukemias with reciprocal rearrangements can be distinguished by specific gene expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:10008-13.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.99 , pp. 10008-13
    • Schoch, C.1    Kohlmann, A.2    Schnittger, S.3
  • 96
    • 23644438883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global approach to the diagnosis of leukemia using gene expression profiling
    • Haferlach T, Kohlmann A, Schnittger S, et al. (2005) Global approach to the diagnosis of leukemia using gene expression profiling. Blood 106:1189-98.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 1189-98
    • Haferlach, T.1    Kohlmann, A.2    Schnittger, S.3
  • 97
    • 0035970039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression profiling reveals fundamental biological differences in acute myeloid leukemia with isolated trisomy 8 and normal cytogenetics
    • USA
    • Virtaneva K, Wright FA, Tanner SM, et al. (2001) Expression profiling reveals fundamental biological differences in acute myeloid leukemia with isolated trisomy 8 and normal cytogenetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:1124-9.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.98 , pp. 1124-9
    • Virtaneva, K.1    Wright, F.A.2    Tanner, S.M.3
  • 98
    • 16544369516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of gene-expression profiling to identify prognostic subclasses in adult acute myeloid leukemia
    • Bullinger L, Dohner K, Bair E, et al. (2004) Use of gene-expression profiling to identify prognostic subclasses in adult acute myeloid leukemia. New Engl J Med 350:1605-16.
    • (2004) New Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 1605-16
    • Bullinger, L.1    Dohner, K.2    Bair, E.3
  • 99
    • 11144358111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostically useful gene-expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia
    • Valk PJ, Verhaak RG, Beijen MA, et al. (2004) Prognostically useful gene-expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia. New Engl J Med 350:1617-28.
    • (2004) New Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 1617-28
    • Valk, P.J.1    Verhaak, R.G.2    Beijen, M.A.3
  • 100
    • 7244236503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiles at diagnosis in de novo childhoodAMLpatients identify FLT3 mutations with good clinical outcomes
    • Lacayo NJ, Meshinchi S, Kinnunen P, et al. (2004) Gene expression profiles at diagnosis in de novo childhoodAMLpatients identify FLT3 mutations with good clinical outcomes. Blood 104:2646-54.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.104 , pp. 2646-54
    • Lacayo, N.J.1    Meshinchi, S.2    Kinnunen, P.3
  • 101
    • 20144381877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct gene expression patterns associated with FLT3- and NRAS-activating mutations in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype
    • Neben K, Schnittger S, Brors B, et al. (2005) Distinct gene expression patterns associated with FLT3- and NRAS-activating mutations in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype. Oncogene 24:1580-8.
    • (2005) Oncogene , vol.24 , pp. 1580-8
    • Neben, K.1    Schnittger, S.2    Brors, B.3
  • 102
    • 23044459136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myeloid leukemia bearing cytoplasmic nucleophosmin (NPMc AML) shows a distinct gene expression profile characterized by up-regulation of genes involved in stem-cell maintenance
    • Alcalay M, Tiacci E, Bergomas R, et al. (2005) Acute myeloid leukemia bearing cytoplasmic nucleophosmin (NPMc AML) shows a distinct gene expression profile characterized by up-regulation of genes involved in stem-cell maintenance. Blood 106:899-902.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 899-902
    • Alcalay, M.1    Tiacci, E.2    Bergomas, R.3
  • 103
    • 28444446313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in nucleophosmin (NPM1) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): association with other gene abnormalities and previously established gene expression signatures and their favorable prognostic significance
    • Verhaak RG, Goudswaard CS, van Putten W, et al. (2005) Mutations in nucleophosmin (NPM1) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): association with other gene abnormalities and previously established gene expression signatures and their favorable prognostic significance. Blood 106:3747-54.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 3747-54
    • Verhaak, R.G.1    Goudswaard, C.S.2    van Putten, W.3
  • 104
    • 33745957993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiling of adult acute myeloid leukemia identifies novel biologic clusters for risk classification and outcome prediction
    • Wilson CS, Davidson GS, Martin SB, et al. (2006)Gene expression profiling of adult acute myeloid leukemia identifies novel biologic clusters for risk classification and outcome prediction. Blood 108:685-96.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 685-96
    • Wilson, C.S.1    Davidson, G.S.2    Martin, S.B.3
  • 105
    • 57449103508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An 86-probe-set gene-expression signature predicts survival in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia
    • Metzeler KH,HummelM,Bloomfield CD, et al. (2008) An 86-probe-set gene-expression signature predicts survival in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 112:4193-201.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 4193-201
    • Metzeler, K.H.1    Hummel, M.2    Bloomfield, C.D.3
  • 106
    • 33747420007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent confirmation of a prognostic gene- expression signature in adult acute myeloid leukemia with a normal karyotype: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study
    • Radmacher MD,Marcucci G, Ruppert AS, et al. (2006) Independent confirmation of a prognostic gene- expression signature in adult acute myeloid leukemia with a normal karyotype: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. Blood 108:1677-83.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 1677-83
    • Radmacher, M.D.1    Marcucci, G.2    Ruppert, A.S.3
  • 107
    • 36549022557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of genes with abnormal expression changes in acute myeloid leukemia
    • Stirewalt DL, Meshinchi S, Kopecky KJ, et al. (2008) Identification of genes with abnormal expression changes in acute myeloid leukemia. Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer 47:8-20.
    • (2008) Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer , vol.47 , pp. 8-20
    • Stirewalt, D.L.1    Meshinchi, S.2    Kopecky, K.J.3
  • 108
    • 33646437227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a set of seven genes for the monitoring of minimal residual disease in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
    • Steinbach D, Schramm A, Eggert A, et al. (2006) Identification of a set of seven genes for the monitoring of minimal residual disease in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 12:2434-41.
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 2434-41
    • Steinbach, D.1    Schramm, A.2    Eggert, A.3
  • 109
    • 0347444723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function
    • Bartel DP. (2004) MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 116:281-97.
    • (2004) Cell , vol.116 , pp. 281-97
    • Bartel, D.P.1
  • 110
    • 34548230885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraconserved regions encodingncRNAs are altered in human leukemias and carcinomas
    • Calin GA, Liu CG, Ferracin M, et al. (2007) Ultraconserved regions encodingncRNAs are altered in human leukemias and carcinomas. Cancer Cell 12:215-29.
    • (2007) Cancer Cell , vol.12 , pp. 215-29
    • Calin, G.A.1    Liu, C.G.2    Ferracin, M.3
  • 111
    • 38049123402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNA expression signatures accurately discriminate acute lymphoblastic leukemia from acute myeloid leukemia
    • USA
    • Mi S, Lu J, Sun M, et al. (2007) MicroRNA expression signatures accurately discriminate acute lymphoblastic leukemia from acute myeloid leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:19971-6.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.104 , pp. 19971-6
    • Mi, S.1    Lu, J.2    Sun, M.3
  • 112
    • 42449141513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNA signatures associated with cytogenetics and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia
    • Garzon R, Volinia S, Liu CG, et al. (2008) MicroRNA signatures associated with cytogenetics and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 111:3183-9.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.111 , pp. 3183-9
    • Garzon, R.1    Volinia, S.2    Liu, C.G.3
  • 113
    • 46749108531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNA expression profiling in relation to the genetic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia
    • Jongen-Lavrencic M, Sun SM, Dijkstra MK, Valk PJ, Lowenberg B. (2008) MicroRNA expression profiling in relation to the genetic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 111:5078-85.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.111 , pp. 5078-85
    • Jongen-Lavrencic, M.1    Sun, S.M.2    Dijkstra, M.K.3    Valk, P.J.4    Lowenberg, B.5
  • 114
    • 47749117212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinctive patterns of microRNA expression associated with karyotype in acute myeloid leukaemia
    • Dixon-McIver A, East P, Mein CA, et al. (2008) Distinctive patterns of microRNA expression associated with karyotype in acute myeloid leukaemia. PloS ONE 3:e2141.
    • (2008) PloS ONE , vol.3
    • Dixon-McIver, A.1    East, P.2    Mein, C.A.3
  • 115
    • 55749099505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct microRNA expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia with common translocations
    • USA
    • Li Z, Lu J, Sun M, et al. (2008) Distinct microRNA expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia with common translocations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:15535-40.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.105 , pp. 15535-40
    • Li, Z.1    Lu, J.2    Sun, M.3
  • 116
    • 41649119008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinctive microRNA signature of acute myeloid leukemia bearing cytoplasmic mutated nucleophosmin
    • Garzon R, Garofalo M, Martelli MP, et al. (2008) Distinctive microRNA signature of acute myeloid leukemia bearing cytoplasmic mutated nucleophosmin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:3945-50.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.105 , pp. 3945-50
    • Garzon, R.1    Garofalo, M.2    Martelli, M.P.3
  • 117
    • 42949083345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNA expression in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia
    • Marcucci G, Radmacher MD, Maharry K, et al. (2008) MicroRNA expression in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. New Engl J Med 358:1919-28.
    • (2008) New Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1919-28
    • Marcucci, G.1    Radmacher, M.D.2    Maharry, K.3
  • 118
    • 0036144048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory
    • Bird A. (2002) DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. Genes Dev 16:6-21.
    • (2002) Genes Dev , vol.16 , pp. 6-21
    • Bird, A.1
  • 119
    • 0035839136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translating the histone code
    • Jenuwein T, Allis CD. (2001) Translating the histone code. Science 293:1074-80.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 1074-80
    • Jenuwein, T.1    Allis, C.D.2
  • 120
    • 0036274359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fundamental role of epigenetic events in cancer
    • Jones PA, Baylin SB. (2002) The fundamental role of epigenetic events in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 3:415-28.
    • (2002) Nat Rev Genet , vol.3 , pp. 415-28
    • Jones, P.A.1    Baylin, S.B.2
  • 121
    • 60849089645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberrant DNA methylation is a dominant mechanism in MDS progression to AML
    • Jiang Y, Dunbar A, Gondek LP, et al. (2009) Aberrant DNA methylation is a dominant mechanism in MDS progression to AML. Blood 113:1315-25.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.113 , pp. 1315-25
    • Jiang, Y.1    Dunbar, A.2    Gondek, L.P.3
  • 122
    • 70350720044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDSand secondary AML display unique patterns and abundance of aberrant DNA methylation
    • Figueroa ME, Skrabanek L, Li Y, et al. (2009)MDSand secondary AML display unique patterns and abundance of aberrant DNA methylation. Blood 114:3448-58.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , pp. 3448-58
    • Figueroa, M.E.1    Skrabanek, L.2    Li, Y.3
  • 124
    • 13244268335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular heterogeneity and prognostic biomarkers in adults with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics
    • Marcucci G, Mrozek K, Bloomfield CD. (2005) Molecular heterogeneity and prognostic biomarkers in adults with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics. Cur Opin Hematol 12:68-75.
    • (2005) Cur Opin Hematol , vol.12 , pp. 68-75
    • Marcucci, G.1    Mrozek, K.2    Bloomfield, C.D.3
  • 125
    • 33846230449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of mutations and gene-expression changes in adult acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics: are we ready for a prognostically prioritized molecular classification?
    • Mrozek K, Marcucci G, Paschka P, Whitman SP, Bloomfield CD. (2007) Clinical relevance of mutations and gene-expression changes in adult acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics: are we ready for a prognostically prioritized molecular classification?. Blood 109:431-48.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.109 , pp. 431-48
    • Mrozek, K.1    Marcucci, G.2    Paschka, P.3    Whitman, S.P.4    Bloomfield, C.D.5
  • 126
    • 0041737454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activating mutations of RTK/ras signal transduction pathway in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
    • Meshinchi S, Stirewalt DL, Alonzo TA, et al. (2003) Activating mutations of RTK/ras signal transduction pathway in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 102:1474-9.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102 , pp. 1474-9
    • Meshinchi, S.1    Stirewalt, D.L.2    Alonzo, T.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.