Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling in inflammation

Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 295-312

  Jusko, William J ^a   Lon, Hoi Kei ^a   Liu, Dongyang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

Author keywords

Arthritis; Inflammation; Modeling; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL DATA; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS; ARTHRITIS; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IN-VITRO; INFLAMMATION; MECHANISTIC MODELS; PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS; RESPONSE MODEL; SMALL SYSTEMS; STATE OF THE ART;

DISEASES; DRUG INTERACTIONS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MODELS; PATHOLOGY; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PHARMACOKINETICS;

PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS;

ABATACEPT; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ADALIMUMAB; ALEFACEPT; ALEMTUZUMAB; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; BELATACEPT; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN; EFALIZUMAB; ETANERCEPT; IBUPROFEN; INFLIXIMAB; LEFLUNOMIDE; METHOTREXATE; NATALIZUMAB; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OFATUMUMAB; PREDNISOLONE; RAPAMYCIN; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; RITUXIMAB; TACROLIMUS; TOCILIZUMAB;

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BLOOD VESSEL PERMEABILITY; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CHEMOTAXIS; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG TARGETING; ENZYME INHIBITION; ERYTHEMA; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; FEVER; HUMAN; IC 50; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFLAMMATION; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING; LEUKOCYTE ACTIVATION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; NONHUMAN; PAIN; PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SWELLING; TISSUE INJURY; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; VASODILATATION;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84868317121     PISSN: 0278940X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v40.i4.50     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Golan DE, Tashjian AH Jr, Armstrong EJ, Galanter JM, Armstrong AW, Arnaout RA, Rose HS. Principles of pharmacology: the pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.
2. Medzhitov R. Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature. 2008;454(7203):428-35.
3. Danhof M, de Lange EC, Della Pasqua OE, Ploeger BA, Voskuyl RA. Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling in translational drug research. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008;29(4):186-91.
4. Medzhitov R. Inflammation 2010: new adventures of an old flame. Cell. 2010;140(6):771-6.
5. Cao Y, Dubois DC, Sun H, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Modeling diabetes disease progression and salsalate intervention in Goto-Kakizaki rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011; 339(3):896-904.
6. Dinarello CA. Anti-inflammatory Agents: Present and Future. Cell. 2010;140(6):935-50.
7. Reichert JM. Antibody-based therapeutics to watch in 2011. MAbs. 2011;3(1):76-99.
8. Chan AC, Carter PJ. Therapeutic antibodies for autoimmunity and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10(5):301-16.
9. FDA approves Nulojix for kidney transplant patients2011. July 26, 2011. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm259184.htm
10. Kindt TJ, Osborne BA, Goldsby RA. Kuby immunology. 6th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman & Company; 2007.
11. Di Paolo JA, Huang T, Balazs M, Barbosa J, Barck KH, Bravo BJ, Carano RA, Darrow J, Davies DR, DeForge LE, Diehl L, Ferrando R, Gallion SL, Giannetti AM, Gribling P, Hurez V, Hymowitz SG, Jones R, Kropf JE, Lee WP, Maciejewski PM, Mitchell SA, Rong H, Staker BL, Whitney JA, Yeh S, Young WB, Yu C, Zhang J, Reif K, Currie KS. Specific Btk inhibition suppresses B cell- and myeloid cell-mediated arthritis. Nat Chem Biol. 2011;7(1):41-50.
12. Biasucci LM, Biasillo G, Stefanelli A. Inflammatory markers, cholesterol and statins: pathophysiological role and clinical importance. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010;48(12):1685-91.
13. Bai JP, Bell R, Buckman S, Burckart GJ, Eichler HG, Fang KC, Goodsaid FM, Jusko WJ, Lesko LL, Meibohm B, Patterson SD, Puig O, Smerage JB, Snider BJ, Wagner JA, Wang J, Walton MK, Weiner R. Translational biomarkers: from preclinical to clinical a report of 2009 AAPS/ACCP Biomarker Workshop. AAPS J. 2011;13(2):274-83.
14. Ferron GM, Jusko WJ. Species- and gender-related differences in cyclosporine/prednisolone/sirolimus interactions in whole blood lymphocyte proliferation assays. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998;286(1):191-200.
15. Magee MH, Blum RA, Lates CD, Jusko WJ. Pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic model for prednisolone inhibition of whole blood lymphocyte proliferation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;53(5):474-84.
16. Meno-Tetang GM, Hon YY, Jusko WJ. Synergistic interaction between dehydroepiandrosterone and prednisolone in the inhibition of rat lymphocyte proliferation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1996;18(3):443-56.
17. Chakraborty A, Jusko WJ. Pharmacodynamic interaction of recombinant human interleukin-10 and prednisolone using in vitro whole blood lymphocyte proliferation. J Pharm Sci. 2002;91(5):1334-42.
18. Piekoszewski W, Chow FS, Jusko WJ. Inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation by immunosuppressive drugs: use of whole blood culture. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1994;16(3):389-401.
19. Chakraborty A, Blum RA, Cutler DL, Jusko WJ. Pharmacoimmunodynamic interactions of interleukin-10 and prednisone in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;65(3):304-18.
20. Mager DE, Lin SX, Blum RA, Lates CD, Jusko WJ. Dose equivalency evaluation of major corticosteroids: pharmacokinetics and cell trafficking and cortisol dynamics. J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;43(11):1216-27.
21. Yao Z, DuBois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of corticosterone suppression and lymphocytopenia by methylprednisolone in rats. J Pharm Sci. 2008;97(7):2820-32.
22. Ng C., Joshi A, Dedrick RL, Garovoy MR, Bauer RJ. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic-efficacy analysis of efalizumab in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Pharm Res. 2005;22(7):1088-100.
23. Chow FS, Sharma A, Jusko WJ. Modeling interactions between adrenal suppression and T-helper lymphocyte trafficking during multiple dosing of methylprednisolone. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1999;27(6):559-75.
24. Jeunesse EC, Bargues IA, Toutain CE, Lacroix MZ, Letellier IM, Giraudel JM, Toutain PL. Paw inflammation model in dogs for preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011;338(2):548-58.
25. Krekels EH, Angesjo M, Sjogren I, Moller KA, Berge OG, Visser SA. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the inhibitory effects of naproxen on the time-courses of inflammatory pain, fever, and the ex vivo synthesis of TXB2 and PGE2 in rats. Pharm Res. 2011;28(7):1561-76.
26. Earp JC, Dubois DC, Molano DS, Pyszczynski NA, Keller CE, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Modeling corticosteroid effects in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis I: mechanistic disease progression model for the time course of collagen-induced arthritis in Lewis rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008;326(2):532-45.
27. Earp JC, Dubois DC, Molano DS, Pyszczynski NA, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Modeling corticosteroid effects in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis II: mechanistic pharmacodynamic model for dexamethasone effects in Lewis rats with collagen-induced arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008;326(2):546-54.
28. Chakraborty A, Yeung S, Pyszczynski NA, Jusko WJ. Pharmacodynamic interactions between recombinant mouse interleukin-10 and prednisolone using a mouse endotoxemia model. J Pharm Sci. 2005;94(3):590-603.
29. Qian M, Bai SA, Brogdon B, Wu JT, Liu RQ, Covington MB, Vaddi K, Newton RC, Fossler MJ, Garner CE, Deng Y, Maduskuie T, Trzaskos J, Duan JJ, Decicco CP, Christ DD. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DPC 333 ((2R)-2-((3R)-3-amino-3 {4-[2-methy1-4-quinolinyl) methoxy] phenyl}-2-oxopyrrolidinyl)-N-hydroxy4-methylpentanamide)), a potent and selective inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme in rodents, dogs, chimpanzees, and humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007;35(10):1916-25.
30. Gozzi P, Pahlman I, Palmer L, Gronberg A, Persson S. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the immunomodulating agent susalimod and experimentally induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999;291(1):199-203.
31. Wyska E. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of methylxanthine derivatives in mice challenged with high-dose lipopolysaccharide. Pharmacology. 2010;85(5):264-71.
32. Radwanski E, Chakraborty A, Van Wart S, Huhn RD, Cutler DL, Affrime MB, Jusko WJ. Pharmacokinetics and leukocyte responses of recombinant human interleukin-10. Pharm Res. 1998;15(12):1895-901.
33. Vugmeyster Y, Tian X, Szklut P, Kasaian M, Xu X. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of a humanized anti-IL-13 antibody in naive and Ascaris-challenged cynomolgus monkeys. Pharm Res. 2009;26(2):306-15.
34. Marshall JD, Kearns GL. Developmental pharmacodynamics of cyclosporine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;66(1):66-75.
35. Roy A, Mould DR, Wang XF, Tay L, Raymond R, Pfister M. Modeling and simulation of abatacept exposure and interleukin-6 response in support of recommended doses for rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;47(11):1408-20.
36. Pelligand L, King JN, Toutain PL, Elliott J, Lees P. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of robenacoxib in a feline tissue cage model of inflammation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2011;35(1):19-32.
37. Liu L, Di Paolo J, Barbosa J, Rong H, Reif K, Wong H. Antiarthritis effect of a novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor in rat collagen-induced arthritis and mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling: relationships between inhibition of BTK phosphorylation and efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011;338(1):154-63.
38. Criteria for Rheumatic Diseases 2011. American College of Rheumatology 2011 [August 1, 2011]; Available from. http://www.rheumatology.org/practice/clinical/classification/index.asp
39. Intradermal allergy test reactions. 2010 [August 1, 2011]; Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ ency/imagepages/19345.htm
40. Oakley A. PASI score 2011 [updated July 20, 2011, August 1, 2011]; Available from: http://www.dermnetnz. org/scaly/pasi.html.2011
41. Olsen L, Ingvast-Larsson C, Larsson P, Brostrom H, Bondesson U, Sundqvist M, Tjalve H. Fexofenadine in horses: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and effect of ivermectin pretreatment. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2006;29(2): 129-35.
42. Zhou H, Hu C, Zhu Y, Lu M, Liao S, Yeilding N, Davis HM. Population-based exposure-efficacy modeling of ustekinumab in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;50(3):257-67.
43. Sharma JN, Samud AM, Asmawi MZ. Comparison between plethysmometer and micrometer methods to measure acute paw oedema for screening anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Inflammopharmacology. 2004;12(1):89-94.
44. Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO, 3rd, Birnbaum NS, Burmester GR, Bykerk VP, Cohen MD, Combe B, Costenbader KH, Dougados M, Emery P, Ferraccioli G, Hazes JM, Hobbs K, Huizinga TW, Kavanaugh A, Kay J, Kvien TK, Laing T, Mease P, Menard HA, Moreland LW, Naden RL, Pincus T, Smolen JS, Stanislawska-Biernat E, Symmons D, Tak PP, Upchurch KS, Vencovsky J, Wolfe F, Hawker G. Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(9):2569-81.
45. Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Boers M, Bombardier C, Furst D, Goldsmith C, Katz LM, Lightfoot R Jr, Paulus H, Strand V, Tugwell P, Weinblatt M, Williams HJ, Wolfe F, and Kieszak S. American College of Rheumatology Preliminary definition of improvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(6):727-35.
46. Lee H, Kimko HC, Rogge M, Wang D, Nestorov I, Peck CC. Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of etanercept using logistic regression analysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003;73(4):348-65.
47. Giraudel JM, Diquelou A, Laroute V, Lees P, Toutain PL. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of NSAIDs in a model of reversible inflammation in the cat. Br J Pharmacol. 2005;146(5):642-53.
48. Hu C, Xu Z, Rahman MU, Davis HM, Zhou H. A latent variable approach for modeling categorical endpoints among patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with golimumab plus methotrexate. Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. 2010;37(4):309-21.
49. Lon HK, Liu D, Zhang Q, DuBois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic disease progression model for effect of etanercept in Lewis rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Pharm Res. 2011;28(7):1622-30.
50. Liu D, Lon HK, DuBois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic-disease progression model for effects of anakinra in Lewis rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2011;38(6):769-86.
51. Hu C, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Rahman MU, Davis HM, Zhou H. Population approach for exposure-response modeling of golimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;51(5):639-48.
52. Toutain PL, Cester CC, Haak T, Laroute V. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach vs. a dose titration for the determination of a dosage regimen: the case of nimesulide, a Cox-2 selective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug in the dog. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2001;24(1):43-55.
53. Fosse TK, Toutain PL, Spadavecchia C, Haga HA, Horsberg TE, Ranheim B. Ketoprofen in piglets: enantioselective pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and PK/PD modelling. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010;34(4):338-49.
54. Josa M, Urizar JP, Rapado J, Dios-Vieitez C, CastanedaHernandez G, Flores-Murrieta F, Renedo MJ, Troconiz IF. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of naproxen in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001;297(1):198-205.
55. Troconiz IF, Armenteros S, Planelles MV, Benitez J, Calvo R, Dominguez R. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the antipyretic effect of two oral formulations of ibuprofen. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000;38(6):505-18.
56. Freeman K, Smyth C, Dallam L, Jackson B. Pain measurement scales: a comparison of the visual analogue and faces rating scales in measuring pressure ulcer pain. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2001;28(6):290-6.
57. Hargreaves K, Dubner R, Brown F, Flores C, Joris J. A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia. Pain. 1988;32(1):77-88.
58. Vrinten DH, Hamers FF. 'CatWalk' automated quantitative gait analysis as a novel method to assess mechanical allodynia in the rat; a comparison with von Frey testing. Pain. 2003;102(1-2):203-9.
59. Flores-Murrieta FJ, Ko HC, Flores-Acevedo DM, Lopez-Munoz FJ, Jusko WJ, Sale ME, Castaneda-Hernandez G. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of tolmetin antinociceptive effect in the rat using an indirect response model: a population approach. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1998;26(5):547-57.
60. Mathot RA, Geus WP. Pharmacodynamic modeling of the acid inhibitory effect of ranitidine in patients in an intensive care unit during prolonged dosing: characterization of tolerance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;66(2):140-51.
61. James LP, Marshall JD, Heulitt MJ, Wells TG, Letzig L, Kearns GL. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of famotidine in children. J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;36(1):48-54.
62. Ikawa K, Shimatani T, Hayato S, Morikawa N, Tazuma S. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of lafutidine after postprandial oral administration in healthy subjects: comparison with famotidine. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(5): 1003-6.
63. Mager DE, Wyska E, Jusko WJ. Diversity of mechanismbased pharmacodynamic models. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003;31(5):510-8.
64. Hong Y, Mager DE, Blum RA, Jusko WJ. Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of systemic corticosteroid inhibition of whole blood lymphocytes: modeling interoccasion pharmacodynamic variability. Pharm Res. 2007;24(6):1088-97.
65. Meno-Tetang GM, Gobburu JV, Jusko WJ. Influence of gender on prednisolone effects on whole blood T-cell deactivation and trafficking in rats. J Pharm Sci. 1999;88(1):46-51.
66. Lee MJ, Pyszczynski N, Jusko WJ. Combined inhibition effects of tacrolimus and methylprednisolone on in vitro human lymphocyte proliferation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1995;17(2):335-45.
67. Chow FS, Jusko WJ. Immunosuppressive interactions among calcium channel antagonists and selected corticosteroids and macrolides using human whole blood lymphocytes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2004;19(6):413-21.
68. Ramakrishnan R, Jusko WJ. Interactions of aspirin and salicylic acid with prednisolone for inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2001;1(11):2035-42.
69. Wu B, Joshi A, Ren S, Ng C. The application of mechanism-based PK/PD modeling in pharmacodynamic-based dose selection of muM17, a surrogate monoclonal antibody for efalizumab. J Pharm Sci. 2006;95(6):1258-68.
70. Fisher LE, Ludwig EA, Jusko WJ. Pharmacoimmunodynamics of methylprednisolone: trafficking of helper T lymphocytes. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1992;20(4):319-31.
71. Milad MA, Ludwig EA, Anne S, Middleton E, Jr., Jusko WJ. Pharmacodynamic model for joint exogenous and endogenous corticosteroid suppression of lymphocyte trafficking. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1994;22(6):469-80.
72. Wiczling P, Rosenzweig M, Vaickus L, Jusko WJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a chimeric/humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, otelixizumab (TRX4), in subjects with psoriasis and with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;50(5):494-506.
73. Ng C., Stefanich E, Anand BS, Fielder PJ, Vaickus L. Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of nondepleting anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (TRX1) in healthy hu man volunteers. Pharm Res. 2006;23(1):95-103.
74. Bauer RJ, Dedrick RL, White ML, Murray MJ, Garovoy MR. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anti-CD11a antibody hul124 in human subjects with psoriasis. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1999;27(4):397-420.
75. Mager DE, Jusko WJ. General pharmacokinetic model for drugs exhibiting target-mediated drug disposition. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2001;28(6):507-32.
76. Hazra A, Krzyzanski W, Jusko WJ. Mathematical assessment of properties of precursor-dependent indirect pharmacodynamic response models. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2006;33(6):683-717.
77. Garg V, Jusko WJ. Pharmacodynamic modeling of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: antipyretic effect of ibuprofen. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994;55(1):87-8.
78. Hu C, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Rahman MU, Davis HM, Zhou H. Population approach for exposure-response modeling of golimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;51(5):639-48.
79. Vasquez-Bahena DA, Salazar-Morales UE, Ortiz MI, Castaneda-Hernandez G, Troconiz IF. Pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic modelling of the analgesic effects of lumiracoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;159(1):176-87.
80. Earp JC, Dubois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Quantitative dynamic models of arthritis progression in the rat. Pharm Res. 2009;26(1):196-203.
81. Post TM, Freijer JI, DeJongh J, Danhof M. Disease system analysis: basic disease progression models in degenerative disease. Pharm Res. 2005;22(7):1038-49.
82. Hutmacher MM, Krishnaswami S, Kowalski KG. Exposure-response modeling using latent variables for the efficacy of a JAK3 inhibitor administered to rheumatoid arthritis patients. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2008;35(2):139-57.
83. Hasegawa M, Imai Y, Hiraoka M, Ito K, Roy A. Modelbased determination of abatacept exposure in support of the recommended dose for Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2011;38(6):803-32.
84. Lacroix BD, Lovern MR, Stockis A, Sargentini-Maier ML, Karlsson MO, Friberg LE. A pharmacodynamic Markov mixed-effects model for determining the effect of exposure to certolizumab pegol on the ACR20 score in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;86(4):387-95.
85. Adolph EF. Quantitative relations in the physiological constitutions ofmammals. Science. 1949;109(2841):579-85.
86. Dedrick RL. Animal scale-up. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1973;1(5):435-61.
87. Gillooly JF, Brown JH, West GB, Savage VM, Charnov EL. Effects of size and temperature on metabolic rate. Science. 2001;293(5538):2248-51.
88. Lepist EI, Jusko WJ. Modeling and allometric scaling of s(+)-ketoprofen pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: a retrospective analysis. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2004;27(4):211-8.
89. Mukherjee A, Hale VG, Borga O, Stein R. Predictability of the clinical potency of NSAIDs from the preclinical pharmacodynamics in rats. Inflamm Res. 1996;45(11):531-40.
90. Mager DE, Woo S, Jusko WJ. Scaling pharmacodynamics from in vitro and preclinical animal studies to humans. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2009;24(1):16-24.
91. Betts AM, Clark TH, Yang J, Treadway JL, Li M, Giovanelli MA, Abdiche Y, Stone DM, Paralkar VM. The application of target information and preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling in predicting clinical doses of a Dickkopf-1 antibody for osteoporosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010;333(1):2-13.
92. Takayanagi H, Ogasawara K, Hida S, Chiba T, Murata S, Sato K, Takaoka A, Yokochi T, Oda H, Tanaka K, Nakamura K, Taniguchi T. T-cell-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis by signalling cross-talk between RANKL and IFN-gamma. Nature. 2000;408(6812):600-5.
93. Kearns AE, Khosla S, Kostenuik PJ. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin regulation of bone remodeling in health and disease. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(2):155-92.
94. Lemaire V, Tobin FL, Greller LD, Cho CR, Suva LJ. Modeling the interactions between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in bone remodeling. J Theor Biol. 2004;229(3):293-309.
95. Marathe A, Peterson MC, Mager DE. Integrated cellular bone homeostasis model for denosumab pharmacodynamics in multiple myeloma patients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008;326(2):555-62.
96. Marathe DD, Marathe A, Mager DE. Integrated model for denosumab and ibandronate pharmacodynamics in postmenopausal women. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2011;32(8):471-81.
97. Schmidt S, Post TM, Peletier LA, Boroujerdi MA, Danhof M. Coping with time scales in disease systems analysis: application to bone remodeling. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2011;38(6):873-900.
98. Peterson MC, Riggs MM. A physiologically based math ematical model of integrated calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling. Bone. 2010;46(1):49-63.
99. Pivonka P, Zimak J, Smith DW, Gardiner BS, Dunstan CR, Sims NA, Martin TJ, Mundy GR. Model structure and control of bone remodeling: a theoretical study. Bone. 2008;43(2):249-63.
100. Sukumaran S, Lepist EI, DuBois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of methylprednisolone effects on iNOS mRNA expression and nitric oxide during LPS-induced inflammation in rats. Pharm Res. 2012;29(8):2060-9.
101. Prince JM, Levy RM, Bartels J, Baratt A, Kane JM, 3rd, Lagoa C, Rubin J, Day J, Wei J, Fink MP, Goyert SM, Clermont G, Billiar TR, Vodovotz Y. In silico and in vivo approach to elucidate the inflammatory complexity of CD 14-deficient mice. Mol Med. 2006;12(4-6):88-96.
102. Pearce JA. Models for thermal damage in tissues: processes and applications. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2010;38(1):1-20.
103. Vodovotz Y, Clermont G, Chow C, An G. Mathematical models of the acute inflammatory response. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2004;10(5):383-90.
104. Gross F, Metzner G, Behn U. Mathematical modeling of allergy and specific immunotherapy: Thl-Th2-Treg interactions. J Theor Biol. 2011;269(1):70-8.
105. Jit M, Henderson B, Stevens M, Seymour RM. TNFalpha neutralization in cytokine-driven diseases: a mathematical model to account for therapeutic success in rheumatoid arthritis but therapeutic failure in systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44(3):323-31.
106. Alt W, Lauffenburger DA. Transient behavior of a chemotaxis system modelling certain types of tissue inflammation. J Math Biol. 1987;24(6):691-722.
107. Thomas-Vaslin V, Altes HK, de Boer RJ, Klatzmann D. Comprehensive assessment and mathematical modeling of T cell population dynamics and homeostasis. J Immunol. 2008;180(4):2240-50.
108. Dong X, Foteinou PT, Calvano SE, Lowry SF, Androulakis IP. Agent-based modeling of endotoxin-induced acute inflammatory response in human blood leukocytes. PLoS One. 2010;5(2):e9249.
109. Foteinou PT, Calvano SE, Lowry SF, Androulakis IP. In silico simulation of corticosteroids effect on an NFkB-dependent physicochemical model of systemic inflammation. PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4706.