Polymeric particulate technologies for oral drug delivery and targeting: A pathophysiological perspective

Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine

Volumn 8, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2012, Pages

  Hunter, A Christy ^a   Elsom, Jacqueline ^b   Wibroe, Peter P ^c   Moghimi, S Moein ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRIGHTON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Complement; Enterocyte; Gastrointestinal tract; Microparticle; Nanoparticle; Oral drug delivery; Peyers's patch; Polymer

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENT; ENTEROCYTE; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; MICRO PARTICLES; ORAL DRUG DELIVERY; PEYERS'S PATCH;

BIOCHEMISTRY; DRUG DELIVERY; NANOPARTICLES;

POLYMERS;

CHITOSAN; DRUG CARRIER; GELATIN; HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE; LECTIN; LIPID; NANOCARRIER; NANOCRYSTAL; NANOPARTICLE; POLYMER; SOLID LIPID NANOCARRIER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CROHN DISEASE; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG TRANSPORT; GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INTESTINE CELL; INTESTINE LYMPHATIC TISSUE; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; MOUTH CAVITY; NONHUMAN; PEYER PATCH; POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLE; REVIEW; SELF NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; ULCERATIVE COLITIS;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMALS; DRUG CARRIERS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMANS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; POLYMERS;

EID: 84865606140     PISSN: 15499634     EISSN: 15499642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.07.005     Document Type: Review

References (193)

1. Roger E., Lagarce F., Garcion E., Benoit J.P. Biopharmaceutical parameters to consider in order to alter the fate of nanocarriers after oral delivery. Nanomedicine 2010, 5:287-306.
2. Ponchel G., Irache J.M. Specific and non-specific bioadhesive particulate systems for oral delivery to the gastrointestinal tract. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 1998, 34:191-219.
3. Ruddy K., Mayer E., Partridge A. Patient adherence and persistence with oral anticancer treatment. CA - A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2009, 59:55-66.
4. Li S.D., Huang L. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticles. Molecular Pharmacology 2008, 5:496-504.
5. Moghimi S.M., Hunter A.C., Murray J.C. Long-circulating and target-specific nanoparticles: theory to practice. Pharmacological Reviews 2001, 53:283-318.
6. Moghimi S.M., Hunter A.C., Andresen T.L. Factors controlling nanoparticle pharmacokinetics: an integrated analysis and perspective. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2012, 52:481-503.
7. Laroui H., Wilson D.S., Dalmasso G., et al. Nanomedicine in GI. American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2011, 300:G371-G383.
8. Sachs-Barrable K., Lee S.D., Wasan E.K., Thornton S.J., Wasan K.M. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2007, 60:692-701.
9. Moghimi S.M., Peer D., Langer R. Reshaping the future of nanopharmaceuticals: ad ludicium. ACS Nano 2011, 5:8454-8458.
10. Collnot E.-M., Hussain A., Claus-Michael L. Nano- and microparticulate drug carriers for targeting of the inflamed intestinal mucosa. Journal of Controlled Release 2012, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.028.
11. Müller R.H., Gohla S., Keck C.M. State of the art of nanocrystals-Special features, production, nanotoxicology aspects and intracellular delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2011, 78:1-9.
12. Umashanker M.S., Sachdeva R.K., Gulati M. Aquasomes: a promising carrier for peptides and protein delivery. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2010, 6:419-426.
13. Moghimi S.M., Hunter A.C. Nanomedicine: current status and future prospects. FASEB Journal 2005, 19:311-330.
14. Desai M.P., Labhasetwar V., Amidon G.L., Levy R.J. Gastrointestinal uptake of biodegradable microparticles: effect of particle size. Pharmaceutical Research 1996, 13:1838-1845.
15. Venkateswarlu V., Manjunath K. Preparation, characterization and in vitro release kinetics of clozapine solid lipid nanoparticles. Journal of Controlled Release 2004, 95:627-638.
16. Hanafy A., Spahn-Langguth H., Vergnault G., et al. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of oral fenofibrate nanosuspensions and SLN in comparison to conventional suspensions of micronized drug. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2007, 59:419-426.
17. Date A.A., Desai N., Dixit R., Nagarsenker M. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems: formulation insights, applications and advances. Nanomedicine 2010, 5:1595-1616.
18. Gursoy R.N., Benita S. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for improved oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 2004, 58:173-182.
19. Zhang Y.C., Benet L.Z. The gut as a barrier to drug absorption- Combined role of cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2001, 40:159-168.
20. Nusrat A., Turner J.R., Madara J.L. Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions IV. Regulation of tight junctions by extracellular stimuli: nutrients, cytokines and immune cells. American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2000, 279:G851-G857.
21. McKay D.M., Bienenstock J. The interaction between mast-cells and nerves in the gastrointestinal-tract. Immunology Today 1994, 15:533-538.
22. Montgomery R.K., Mulberg A.E., Grand R.J. Development of the human gastrointestinal tract: twenty years of progress. Gastroenterology 1999, 116:702-731.
23. Cheroutre H. Starting at the beginning: new perspectives on the biology of mucosal T cells. Annual Review of Immunology 2004, 22:217-246.
24. Thomsen L., Robinson T.L., Lee J.C.F., et al. Interstitial cells of Cajal generate a rhythmic pacemaker current. Nature Medicine 1998, 4:848-851.
25. Maldonado-Contreras A.L., McCormick B.A. Intestinal epithelial cells and their role in innate mucosal immunity. Cell and Tissue Research 2011, 343:5-12.
26. Macpherson A.J., Harris N.J. Interactions between commensal bacteria and the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology 2004, 4:478-485.
27. Schenik M., Mueller C. The mucosal immune system at the gastrointestinal barrier. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Gastroenterology 2008, 22:391-409.
28. Keita A.V., Soderholm J.D., Ericson Stress-induced barrier disruption of rat follicle-associated epithelium involves corticotrophin-releasing hormone, acetylcholine, substance P, and mast cells. Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2010, 22:770-778.
29. Chen M.-C., Sonaje K., Chen K.-J., Sung H.W. A review of the prospects for polymeric nanoparticle platforms in oral insulin delivery. Biomaterials 2011, 32:9826-9838.
30. Lelouard H., Fallet M., de Bovis B., Meresse S., Gorvel J.P. Peyer's patch dendritic cells sample antigens by extending dendrites through M cell-specific transcellular pores. Gastroenterology 2012, 142. 592-U269.
31. Wang J., Gusti V., Saraswati A., Lo D.D. Convergent and divergent development among M cell lineages in mouse mucosal epithelium. Journal of Immunology 2011, 187:5277-5285.
32. Florence A.T. The oral absorption of micro- and nanoparticulates: neither exceptional nor unusual. Pharmaceutical Research 1997, 14:259-266.
33. Hussain N., Jani P.U., Florence A.T. Enhanced oral uptake of tomato lectin-conjugated nanoparticles in the rat. Pharmaceutical Research 1997, 14:613-618.
34. Frey A., Giannaca K.T., Weltzin R., et al. Role of the glycocalix in regulating access of microparticles to apical plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells: implications for microbial attachment and oral vaccine targeting. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1996, 184:1045-1059.
35. Plapied L., Duhem N., des Rieux A., Preat V. Fate of polymeric nanocarriers for oral drug delivery. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 2011, 16:228-237.
36. Eldridge J.H., Hammond C.J., Meulbroek J.A., Staas J.K., Gilley R.M., Tice T.R. Controlled vaccine release in the gut-associated lymphoid-tissues. 1. Orally administered biodegradable microspheres target the Peyer's patches. Journal of Controlled Release 1990, 11:205-214.
37. Trevaskis N.L., Charman W.N., Porter C.J.H. Targeted drug delivery to lymphatics: a route to site-specific immunomodulation?. Molecular Pharmacology 2010, 7:2297-2309.
38. Eroschenko V.P. diFiore's atlas of histology with functional correlations 2005, Williams and Wilkins, Lippincott, ISBN: 0-7817-5021-0, p. 254. 10th ed.
39. Hume D.A. The mononuclear phagocyte system. Current Opinion in Immunology 2006, 18:49-53.
40. Lee S.H., Starkey P.M., Gordon S. Quantitative analysis of total macrophage content in adult mouse tissues. Immunochemical studies with monoclonal antibody F4/80. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1985, 161:475-489.
41. Smith P.D., Smythies L.E., Shen R., Greenwell-Wild T., Gliozzi M., Wahl S.M. Intestinal macrophages and response to microbial encroachment. Mucosal Immunology 2011, 4:31-42.
42. Mowat A.M., Bain C.C. Mucosal macrophages in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Journal of Innate Immunity 2011, 3:550-564.
43. Smythies L.E., Sellers M., Clements R.H., et al. Human intestinal macrophages display profound inflammatory anergy despite avid phagocytic and bactericidal activity. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005, 115:66-75.
44. Storm G., Regts J., Beijnen J.H., Roerdink F.H. Process of doxorubicin-containing liposomes by liver macrophages in vitro. Journal of Lipid Research 1989, 1:195-210.
45. Cai Z., Wang Y., Zhu L.J., Liu Z.Q. Nanocarriers: a general strategy for enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed of pre-systemically metabolized drugs. Current Drug Metabolism 2010, 11:197-207.
46. Morgen M., Bloom C., Beyerinck R., et al. Polymeric nanoparticles for increased oral bioavailability and rapid absorption using celecoxib as a model of a low-solubility high-permeability drug. Pharmaceutical Research 2012, 29:427-440.
47. Das S., Chaudhury A. Recent advances in lipid nanoparticle formulations with solid matrix for oral drug delivery. AAPS PhamSciTech 2011, 12:62-76.
48. Singh A., Worku Z.A., Van den Mooter G. Oral formulation strategies to improve solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 2011, 8:1361-1378.
49. Ensign L.M., Cone R., Hanes J. Oral drug delivery with polymeric nanoparticles: the gastrointestinal mucus barriers. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2012, 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.009.
50. Brenchley J.M., Douek D.C. HIV infection and the gastrointestinal immune system. Mucosal Immunology 2008, 1:23-30.
51. Schenk M., Mueller C. Adaptations of intestinal macrophages to an antigen-rich environment. Seminars in Immunology 2007, 19:84-93.
52. Owen D.A., Reid P.E. Histochemical alterations of mucin in normal colon, inflammatory bowel disease and colonic adenocarcinoma. Histochemical Journal 1995, 27:882-889.
53. Backhed F. Programming of host metabolism by the gut microbiota. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2011, 58:44-52.
54. Bhutto A., Morley J.E. The clinical significance of gastrointestinal changes with ageing. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2008, 11:651-660.
55. Lamprecht A. IBD selective nanoparticle adhesion can enhance colitis therapy. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2010, 7:311-312.
56. Hasani S., Pellequer Y., Lamprecht A. Selective adhesion of nanoparticles to inflamed tissue in gastric ulcers. Pharmaceutical Research 2009, 26:1149-1154.
57. Wilson D.S., Dalmasso G., Wang L.X., Sitaraman S.V., Merlin D., Murthy N. Orally delivered thioketal nanoparticles loaded with TNF-alpha-siRNA target inflammation and inhibit gene expression in the intestines. Nature Materials 2010, 9:923-928.
58. Atuma C., Strugala V., Allen A., Holm L. The adherent gastrointestinal mucus gel layer: thickness and physical state in vivo. American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2001, 280:G922-G929.
59. Roy K., Mao H.Q., Huang S.K., Leong K.W. Oral gene delivery with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles generates immunogenic protection in a murine model of peanut allergy. Nature Medicine 1999, 5:387-391.
60. Bravo-Osuna I., Vauthier C., Farabollini A., Palmieri G.F., Ponchel G. Mucoadhesion mechanism of chitosan and thiolated chitosan-poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2007, 28:2233-2243.
61. Takeuchi H., Thongborisute J., Matsui Y., Sugihara H., Yamamoto H., Kawashima Y. Novel mucoadhesion tests for polymers and polymer-coated particles to design optimal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2005, 57:1583-1594.
62. Park J.H., Saravanakumar G., Kim K., Kwon I.C. Targeted delivery of low molecular drugs using chitosan. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2010, 62:28-41.
63. Shirazi T., Longman R.J., Cornfield A.P., Probert C.S.J. Mucins and inflammatory bowel disease. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2000, 76:473-478.
64. Ota H., Nakayama J., Momose M., et al. Helicobacter pylori infection produces reversible glycosylation changes to gastric mucins. Virchows Archiv 1998, 433:419-426.
65. Mccormick D.A., Horton L.W.L., Mee A.S. Mucin depletion in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1990, 43:143-146.
66. Pullan R.D., Thomas G.A.O., Rhodes M., et al. Thickness of adherent mucus gel on colonic mucosa in humans and its relevance to colitis. Gut 1994, 35:353-359.
67. Longman R.J., Poulsom R., Corfield A.P., Warren B.F., Wright N.A., Thomas M.G. Alterations in the composition of the supramucosal defence barrier in relation to disease severity of ulcerative colitis. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 2006, 54:1335-1348.
68. Ehehalt R., Wagenblast J., Erben G., et al. Phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in intestinal mucus of ulcerative colitis patients, a quantitative approach by nanoelectrospray-tandem mass spectroscopy. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2004, 39:737-742.
69. Braun A., Treede I., Gotthardt D., et al. Alterations of phospholipid concentration and species composition on the intestinal mucus barrier in ulcerative colitis: a clue to pathogenesis. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2009, 1705-1720.
70. Takatsuka S., Kitazawa T., Morita T., Horikiri Y., Yoshino H. Enhancement of intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic compounds by simultaneous use of mucolytic agent and non-ionic. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2006, 62:52-58.
71. Stremmel W., Braun A., Hanemann A., Ehahalt R., Autschbach F., Karner M. Delayed release phosphatidylcholine in chronic-active ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blinded, dose finding study. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2010, 44:E101-E107.
72. Dawson G.F., Halbert G.W. The in vitro cell association of invasion coated polylactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles. Pharmaceutical Research 2000, 17:1420-1425.
73. Clark M.A., Hirst B.H., Jepson M.A. Lectin-mediated mucosal delivery of drugs and microparticles. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2000, 43:207-223.
74. Russell-Jones G.J., Arthur L., Walker H. Vitamin B-12 mediated transport of nanoparticles across Caco-2 cells. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 1999, 179:247-255.
75. Irache J.M., Durrer C., Duchene D., Ponchel G. Preparation and characterization of lectin-latex conjugates for specific bioadhesion. Biomaterials 1994, 15:899-904.
76. Lehr C.-M., Bouwstra J.A., Kok W., Noach A.B.J., de Boer A.G., Junginger H.E. Bioadhesion by means of specific binding of tomato lectin. Pharmaceutical Research 1992, 9:547-553.
77. Gruber P., Longer M.A., Robinson J.R. Some biological issues in oral controlled drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 1987, 1:1-18.
78. Kreuter J., Muller U., Munz K. Quantitative and microautoradiographic study on mouse intestinal distribution of polycyanoacrylate nanoparticles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 1989, 55:39-45.
79. Lamprecht A., Ubrich N., Yamamoto H., et al. Biodegradable nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2001, 299:775-781.
80. Kararli T.T. Comparison of the gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of humans and commonly used laboratory-animals. Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition 1995, 16:351-380.
81. Nugent S.G., Kumar D., Rampton D.S., Evens D.F. Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugs. Gut 2001, 48:571-577.
82. Press A.G., Hauptmann I.A., Hauptmann L., et al. Gastrointestinal pH profiles in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1998, 12:673-678.
83. Koga K., Kawashima S., Murakami M. In vitro and in situ evidence for the contribution of labrasol and gelucire 44/14 on transport of cephalexin and cefoperazone by rat intestine. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2002, 54:311-318.
84. Zeissg S., Burgel N., Gunzel G., et al. Changes in expression and distribution of claudin 2, 5 and 8 lead to discontinuous tight junctions and barrier dysfunction in active Crohn's disease. Gut 2007, 56:61-72.
85. McGuckin M.A., Eri R., Simms L.A., Florin T.H., Radford-Smith G. Intestinal barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2009, 15:100-113.
86. Al-Sadi R.M., Ma T.Y. IL-1beta causes and increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability. Journal of Immunology 2007, 178:4641-4649.
87. Eyles J., Alpar H.O., Field W.N., Lewis D.A., Keswick M. The transfer of polystyrene microspheres from the gastrointestinal-tract to the circulation after oral-administration in the rat. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1995, 47:561-565.
88. Moghimi S.M., Hunter A.C. Poloxamers and poloxamines in nanoparticle engineering and experimental medicine. Trends in Biotechnology 2000, 18:412-420.
89. Storm G., Belliot S.O., Daemen T., Lasic D.D. Surface modification of nanoparticles to oppose uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 1995, 17:31-48.
90. Moghimi S.M., Muir I.S., Illum L., Davis S.S., Kolbbachofen V. Coating particles with a block copolymer (poloxamine 908) suppresses opsonization but permits the activity of dysopsonins in the serum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1993, 1179:157-165.
91. Moghimi S.M. Prolonging the circulation time and modifying the body distribution of intravenously injected polystyrene nanospheres by prior intravenous administration of poloxamine-908. A 'hepatic blockade' event or manipulation of nanosphere surface in vivo?. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1997, 1336:1-6.
92. Moghimi S.M., Hawley A.E., Christy N.M., Gray T., Illum L., Davis S.S. Surface engineered nanospheres with enhanced drainage into lymphatics and uptake by macrophages of the regional lymph-nodes. FEBS Letters 1994, 344:25-30.
93. Symonds P., Murray J.C., Hunter A.C., Debska G., Szewczyk A., Moghimi S.M. Low and high molecular weight poly(l-lysine)s/poly(l-lysine)-DNA complexes initiate mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis differently. FEBS Letters 2005, 579:6191-6198.
94. Moghimi S.M., Symonds P., Murray J.C., Hunter A.C., Debska G., Szewczyk A. A two-stage poly(ethylenimine)-mediated cytotoxicity: implications for gene transfer/therapy. Molecular Therapy 2005, 11:990-995.
95. Singh R., Lillard J.W. Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 2009, 86:215-223.
96. Lamprecht A., Schafer U., Lehr C.M. Size-dependent bioadhesion of micro- and nanoparticle carriers to the inflamed colonic mucosa. Pharmaceutical Research 2001, 18:788-793.
97. Behrens I., Pena A.I.V., Alonso M.J., Kissel T. Comparative uptake studies of bioadhesive and non-bioadhesive nanoparticles in human intestinal cell lines and rats: the effect of mucus on particle adsorption and transport. Pharmaceutical Research 2002, 19:1185-1193.
98. Sakma S., Sudo R., Suzuki N., et al. Human calcitonin delivered orally by means of nanoparticles composed of novel graft copolymers. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 2003, 24:623-632.
99. Galindo-Rodriguez S.A., Allemann E., Fessi H., Doelker E. Polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery of drugs and vaccines: a critical evaluation of in vivo studies. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 2005, 22:419-464.
100. Graf A., McDowell A., Rades T. Poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of therapeutics-is there real potential?. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 2009, 6:371-387.
101. Vinogradov S., Batrakova E., Kabanov A. Poly(ethylene glycol)-polyethylenimine NanoGel™ particles: novel drug delivery systems for antisense oligonucleotides. Colloids Surfaces B-Interfaces 1999, 16:291-304.
102. Kumari A., Yadav S.K., Yadav S.C. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticle based drug delivery systems. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces 2010, 75:1-18.
103. Chaudhury A., Das S. Recent advancement of chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral controlled delivery of insulin and other therapeutic agents. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010, 12:10-20.
104. Ahlin P., Kristl J., Kristl A., Vrečer Investigation of polymeric nanaoparticles as carriers of enalaprit for oral administration. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2002, 239:113-120.
105. Song X., Zhao X., Zhou Y., Li S., Ma Q. Pharmacokinetics and disposition of various drug loaded biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles. Current Drug Metabolism 2010, 11:859-869.
106. Liu Z., Jiao Y., Wang Y., Zhou C., Zhang Z. Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2008, 60:1650-1662.
107. Mittal G., Ravi Kumar M.N.V. Impact of polymeric nanoparticles on oral pharmacokinetics: a dose dependent case study with estradiol. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009, 98:3730-3734.
108. Zhao L.Y., Feng S.S. Enhanced oral bioavailability of paclitaxel formulated in itamine E-TPGS emulsified nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers: in vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2010, 99:3552-3560.
109. Jain A.K., Swarnaker N.K., Godugu C., Singh R.P., Jain S. The effect of the oral administration of polymeric nanoparticles on the efficacy and toxicity of tamoxifen. Biomaterials 2010, 32:503-515.
110. Delie F., Blanco-Príeto M.J. Polymeric particulates to improve oral bioavailability of peptide drugs. Molecules 2005, 10:65-80.
111. Ling G., Zhang P., Zhang W., et al. Development of novel self-assembled DS-PLGA hybrid nanoparticles for improving oral bioavailability of vincristine sulphate by P-gp inhibition. Journal of Controlled Release 2010, 148:241-248.
112. Hunter A.C., Moghimi S.M. Therapeutic synthetic polymers: a game of Russian roulette?. Drug Discovery Today 2002, 7:998-1001.
113. Korber M. PLGA erosion: solubility- or diffusion controlled?. Pharmaceutical Research 2010, 27:2414-2420.
114. Urakami K., Akimoto N., Nishijima K., Kitanaka Y., Echigoya M., Hashimoto K. Structural study of PLGA [copoly(dl-lactic/glycolic acid)], a biodegradable polymer for parenteral sustained release preparations, by tandem mass spectrometry. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1999, 47:1068-1072.
115. Wang N., Wu X.S., Synthesis characterization, biodegradation, and drug delivery application of biodegradable lactic/glycolic acid oligomers: Part II. Biodegradation and drug delivery application. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 1997, 9:75-87.
116. Petkar K.C., Chavhan S.S., Agatonovik-Kustrin S., Sawant K.K. Nanostructured materials in drug and gene delivery: a review of the state of the art. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 2011, 28:101-164.
117. Liu H.T., Li W.M., Li X.Y., et al. Chitosan oligosaccharides inhibit the expression of interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells through p38 and ERK1/2 protein kinases. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 2010, 106:362-371.
118. Helander I.M., Nurmiaho-Lassila E.L., Ahvenainen R., Rhoades J., Roller S. Chitosan disrupts the barrier properties of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2001, 71:235-244.
119. Loh J.W., Yeoh G., Saunders M., Lim L.Y. Uptake and cytotoxicity of chitosan nanoparticles in human liver cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2010, 249:148-157.
120. Hollander D., Intestinal permeability leaky gut, and intestinal disorders. Current Gastroenterology Reports 1999, 1:410-416.
121. Servais H., Van der Smissen P., Thirion G., et al. Gentamicin-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells. Involvement of lysosomes and mitochondria. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2005, 206:321-333.
122. Hunter A.C., Moghimi S.M. Cationic carriers of genetic material and cell death: a mitochondrial tale. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics 2010, 1797:1203-1209.
123. Dou J.L., Ma P., Xiong C.N., Tan C.Y., Du Y.G. Induction of apoptosis in human acute leukaemia HL-60 cells by oligochitosan through extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. Carbohydrate Polymers 2011, 86:19-24.
124. Mukhopadhyay R., Al-Hanbali O., Pillai S., et al. Ordering of binary polymeric nanoparticles on hydrophobic surfaces assembled from low volume fraction dispersions. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2007, 129:13390-13391.
125. Al-Hanbali O., Rutt K.J., Sarker D.K., Hunter A.C., Moghimi S.M. Concentration dependent structural ordering with poloxamine 908 on polystyrene nanoparticles and their modulatory role on complement consumption. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2006, 6:1-8.
126. Froner E., D'Amato E., Adamo R., et al. Deoxycholate as an efficient coating agent for hydrophilic silicon nanocrystals. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2011, 358:86-92.
127. Kumar A.C., Erothu H., Bohidar H.B., Mishra A.K. Bile-salt-induced aggregation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and lowering of the lower critical solution temperature in aqueous solutions. Journal of Physical Chemistry-B 2011, 115:433-439.
128. Moghimi S.M., Pavey K.D., Hunter A.C. Real-time evidence of surface modification at polystyrene lattices by poloxamine 908 in the presence of serum: in vivo conversion of macrophage-prone nanoparticles to stealth entities by poloxamine 908. FEBS Letters 2003, 547:177-182.
129. Berstad A.E., Brandtzaeg P. Expression of cell membrane complement glycoproteins along the normal and diseased human gastrointestinal tract. Gut 1998, 42:522-529.
130. Halstensen T.S., Mollnes T.E., Garred P., Fausa O., Brandtzaeg P. Surface epithelium related activation of complement differs in Chron's disease and ulcerative colitis. Gut 1992, 33:902-908.
131. Cao Q., McIsaac S., Stadnyk A. On the role of complement and colitis: colonic epithelial cells express the C5a receptor to detect activated complement in the gut lumen. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2011, 17:S20-S21.
132. Hamad I., Al-Hanbali O., Hunter A.C., Rutt K.J., Andresen T.L., Moghimi S.M. Distinct polymer architecture mediates switching of complement activation pathways at the nanosphere-serum interface: implications for stealth nanoparticle engineering. ACS Nano 2010, 4:6629-6638.
133. Moghimi S.M., Andersen A.J., Ahmadvand D., Wibroe P.P., Andresen T.L., Hunter A.C. Material properties in complement activation. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2011, 63:1000-1007.
134. Andersen A.J., Hashemi S.H., Andresen T.L., Hunter A.C., Moghimi S.M. Complement: alive and kicking nanomedicines. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 2009, 5:364-372.
135. Moghimi S.M., Hunter A.C., Dadswell C.M., Savay S., Alving C.R., Szebeni J. Causative factors behind poloxamer 188 (Pluronic F68 Flocor™)-induced complement activation in human sera. A protective role against poloxamer mediated complement activation by elevated serum lipoprotein levels. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2004, 1689:103-113.
136. Hamad I., Hunter A.C., Szebeni J., Moghimi S.M. Poly(ethylene glycol)s generate complement activation products in human serum through increased alternative pathway turnover and a MASP-2-dependent process. Molecular Immunology 2008, 46:225-232.
137. Maciej M.M., De Angelis R.A., Benencia F., et al. Modulation of the antitumor immune response by complement. Nature Immunology 2008, 9:1225-1235.
138. Holpuch A.S., Hunnel G.J., Tong M., et al. Nanoparticles for local delivery to the oral mucosa: proof of principle studies. Pharmaceutical Research 2010, 27:1224-1236.
139. McCarron P.A., Donnelly R.F., Canning P.E., McGovern J.G., Jones D.S. Bioadhesive, non-drug-loaded nanoparticles as modulators of candidal adherence to buccal epithelial cells: a potentially novel prophylaxis for candidosis. Biomaterials 2004, 25:2399-2407.
140. Allaker R.P. The use of nanoparticles to control oral biofilm formation. Journal of Dental Research 2010, 89:1175-1186.
141. Elsom J., Lethem M.I., Rees G.D., Hunter A.C. Novel quartz crystal microbalance based biosensor for detection of oral epithelial cell-microparticle interaction in real time. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2008, 23:1259-1265.
142. Hunter A.C. Application of the quartz crystal microbalance to nanomedicine. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 2009, 5:669-675.
143. Müller R.H., Mäder, Gohla S. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery-a review of the state of the art. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2000, 50:161-177.
144. Woitiski C.B., Neufeld R.J., Veiga F., Carvalho R.A., Figueiredo I.V. Pharmacological effect of orally delivered insulin facilitated by multilayered stable nanoparticles. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2010, 41:556-563.
145. Wu T., Zheng W.-L., Zhang S.-Z., Sun J.-H., Yuan H. Bimodal visualization of colorectal uptake of nanoparticles in dimethylhydrazine-treated mice. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011, 17:3614-3622.
146. Moghimi S.M., Murray J.C. Poloxamer-188 revisited: a potentially valuable immune modulator?. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1996, 88:766-768.
147. Moghimi S.M., Hunter A.C., Dadswell C.M., Savay S., Alving C.R., Szebeni J. Causative factors behind poloxamer 188 (Pluronic F68 Flocor™)-induced complement activation in human sera. A protective role against poloxamer mediated complement activation by elevated serum lipoprotein levels. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Diseases 2004, 1689:103-113.
148. Müller R.H., Runge S., Ravelli V., Mehnert W., Thunemann A.F., Souto A.B. Oral bioavailability of cyclosporine: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN (R)) verses drug nanocrystals. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2006, 317:82-89.
149. Collnot E.-M., Ali H., Lehr C.M. Nano- and microparticulate carriers for targeting of the inflamed intestinal mucosa. Journal of Controlled Release 2012, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.028.
150. British National Formulary 62. Pub BMJ group and Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 9780853699811; September 2011, p. 568.
151. Szebeni J. Complement activation-related pseudoallergy: a new class of drug-induced acute immunity. Toxicology 2005, 216:106-121.
152. Szebeni J., Muggia F.M., Alving C.R. Complement activation by cremophor EL as a possible contributor to hypersensitivity to paclitaxel: an in vitro study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1998, 90:300-306.
153. Date A.A., Nagarsenker M. Design and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for cefpodoxime proxetil. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2007, 329:166-172.
154. Kohli K., Chopra S., Dhar D., Arora S., Khar R.K. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: an approach to enhance oral bioavailability. Drug Discovery Today 2010, 15:958-965.
155. Lundin P.D.P., Bojrup M., Ljusberg-Wahren H., Westrom B.R., Lundin S. Enhancing effects of monohexanion and two other medium-chain glyceride vehicles on intestinal absorption of desmopressin (dDAVP). Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1997, 282:585-590.
156. Rege B.D., Kao J., Pollia J. Effects of non-ionic surfactants on membrane transporters in Caco-2 cell monolayers. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2002, 16:237-246.
157. Seeballuck F., Lawless E., Ashford M.B. Stimulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein secretion by polysorbate 80: in vitro and in vivo correlation using Caco-2 cells and a cannulated rat intestinal lymphatic model. Pharmaceutical Research 2004, 21:2320-2326.
158. Hugger E.D., Novak Bl, Burton P.S., Audus K.L., Borchardt R.T. A comparison of commonly used polyethoxylated pharmaceutical excipients on their ability to inhibit p-glycoprotein activity in vitro. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2002, 91:1991-2002.
159. Brüsewitz C., Schendler A., Funke A., Wagner T., Lipp R. Novel poloxamer-based nanoemulsions to enhance the intestinal absorption of active compounds. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2007, 329:173-181.
160. Mountfield R.J., Senepin S., Schleimer M., Walter I., Bittner B. Potential inhibitory effects of formulation ingredients on intestinal cytochrome P450. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2000, 211:89-92.
161. Subramanian R., Wasan K.M. Effect of lipid excipients on in vitro pancreatic lipase activity. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 2003, 29:885-890.
162. Ren S., Park M.J., Kim A., Lee B.J. In vitro metabolic stability of moisture-sensitive rabeprazole in human liver microsomes and its modulation by pharmaceutical excipients. Archives of Pharmacal Research 2008, 31:406-413.
163. Dixit R.P., Nagarsenker M.S. Self-nanoemulsifying granules of ezetimibe: design, optimization and evaluation. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2008, 35:183-192.
164. Dabhi M.R., Limbani M.D., Sheth N.R. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing ezetimibe. Current Nanoscience 2011, 7:616-627.
165. Date A.A., Nagarsenker Novel delivery systems of atorvastatin should be evaluated for pharmacodynamics instead of pharmacokinetics. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2007, 59:1583-1584.
166. Sadurni N., Solans C., Azemar N., Garcia-Celma M.J. Studies on the formation of O/W nano-emulsions, by low-energy emulsification methods, suitable for pharmaceutical applications. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2005, 26:438-445.
167. Anton N., Vandamme T.F. The universality of low-energy nano-emulsification. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2009, 377:142-147.
168. Cuiné J.F., Charman W.N., Pouton C.W., Edwards G.A., Porter C.J.H. Increasing the proportional content of surfactant (Cremophor EL) relative to lipid in self-emulsifying lipid-based formulations of danazol reduces oral bioavailability in beagle dogs. Pharmaceutical Research 2007, 24:748-757.
169. Cuiné J.F., Mcevoy C.L., Charman W.N., et al. Evaluation of the impact of surfactant digestion on the bioavailability of Danazol after oral administration of lipidic self-emulsifying formulations to dogs. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2008, 97:995-1012.
170. Wulff-Pérez M., Gálvez-Ruiz M.J., Vicente J., Martin-Rodriguez A. Delaying lipid digestion through steric Pluronic F68: a novel approach. Food Research International 2010, 33:1629-1633.
171. Trevakis N.L., Charman W.N., Porter C.J.H. Targeted drug delivery to lymphocytes: a route to site-specific immunomodulation?. Molecular Pharmacology 2010, 7:2297-2309.
172. das Neves J., Amiji M.M., Bahia M.F., Sarmento B. Nanotechnology-based systems for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2010, 62:458-477.
173. Hillaireau H., Le Doan T., Besnard M., Chacun H., Janin J., Couvreur P. Encapsulation of antiviral nucleotide analogues azidithymidine-triphosphate and cidofovir in poly(iso-butylcyanoacrylate) nanocapsules. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2006, 324:37-42.
174. Hillaireau H., Le Doan T., Chacun H., Janin J., Couvreur P. Encapsulation of mono and oligo-nucleotides into aqueous-core nanocapsules in presence of various water soluble polymers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2007, 331:148-152.
175. Boudad H., Legrand P., Appel M., Coconnier M., Ponchel G. Formulation and cytotoxicity of combined cyclodextrin poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles on Caco-2 cells monolayers intended for oral administration of saquinavir. STP Pharma Sciences 2001, 11:369-375.
176. Leroux J.C., Cozens R.M., Roesel J.L., Galli B., Doelker E., Gurny R. pH-sensitive nanoparticles: an effective means to improve the oral delivery of HIV-1 protease inhibitors in dogs. Pharmaceutical Research 1996, 13:485-487.
177. Shegokar R., Singh K.K. Stavudine entrapped lipid nanoparticles for targeting lymphatic HIV reservoirs. Pharmazie 2011, 66:264-271.
178. Choi S.U., Bui T., Ho R.J. pH dependent interactions of indinavir and lipids in nanoparticles and their ability to entrap a solute. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2008, 97:931-943.
179. Kesisoglou F., Panmai S., Wu Y.H. Nanosizing-oral formulation development and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2007, 59:631-644.
180. Wu Y., Loper A., Landis E., et al. The role of biopharmaceutics in the development of a clinical nanoparticle formulation of MK-0869: a Beagle dog model predicts improved bioavailability and diminished food effect on absorption in human. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2004, 285:135-146.
181. Junghanns J.-U., Müller A.H.R.H. Nanocrystal technology, drug delivery and clinical applications. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2008, 3:295-310.
182. Laroui H., Theiss A.L., Yan Y., et al. Functional TNFα siRNA nanocomplexes in inflamed colon. Biomaterials 2011, 32:1218-1228.
183. Sun W., Tian W., Zhang Y., He J., Mao S., Fang L. Effect of novel stabilizers-cationic polymers on the particle size and physicochemical stability of poorly soluble drug nanocrystals. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2012, 8:460-467.
184. Alberts B., Brady D., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Watson J.D. The molecular biology of the cell 1994, Garland Publishing Inc., New York/London, ISBN: 0-8153-16-20-8, p. 1155. 3rd ed.
185. Montrose D.C., Kadaveru K., Iisley J.N.M., et al. cPLA is protective against cox inhibitor-induced intestinal damage. Toxicological Sciences 2010, 117:122-132.
186. Schiffelers R.M., Ansari A., Xu J., et al. Cancer siRNA therapy by tumor selective delivery with ligand-targeted sterically stabilized nanoparticle. Nucleic Acids Research 2004, 32:e149.
187. Howard K.A., Rahbek U.L., Liu X.D., et al. RNA interference in vitro and in vivo using a chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle system. Molecular Therapy 2006, 14:476-484.
188. Liu X.D., Howard K.A., Dong M.D., et al. The influence of polymeric properties on chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle formulation and gene silencing. Biomaterials 2007, 28:1280-1288.
189. Navarro G., Sawant R.R., Biswas S., Essex S., de Llarduya C.T., Torchillin V.P. P-glycoprotein silencing with siRNA delivered by DOPE-modified PEI overcomes doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells. Nanomedicine 2012, 7:65-78.
190. Hubbell J.A., Thomas S.N., Swartz M.A. Materials engineering for immunomodulation. Nature 2009, 462:449-460.
191. Thomas S.N., van der Vlies A.J., O'Neil C.P., et al. Engineering complement activation on polypropylene sulphide vaccine nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011, 32:2194-2203.
192. Brayden D.J., Mrsny R. Oral peptide delivery: prioritizing the leading technologies. Therapeutic Delivery 2011, 2:1567-1573.
193. Bouwmeester H., Poortman J., Peters R.J., et al. Characterization of translocation of silver nanoparticles and effects on whole-genome gene expression using an in vitro intestinal epithelium coculture model. ACS Nano 2011, 5:4091-4103.