Nanomedicine in GI

American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Volumn 300, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 371-383

  Laroui, Hamed ^a   Wilson, David S ^b   Dalmasso, Guillaume ^a   Salaita, Khalid ^c   Murthy, Niren ^b   Sitaraman, Shanthi V ^a   Merlin, Didier ^a,b,c,d  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d ATLANTA VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Gastrointestinal; Intestinal tract; Nanomaterial; siRNA; Therapeutics

Indexed keywords

5 ACETAMIDOSALICYLIC ACID; AMYLOPECTIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; BETA CATENIN; CHITOSAN; CHOLESTEROL; DEXAMETHASONE; DOXORUBICIN; DRUG CARRIER; GLYCEROLIPID; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 12P40; LIPOSOME; MACROGOL; NANOMATERIAL; NANOPARTICLE; NANOSPHERE; PACLITAXEL; PECTIN; PLASMID DNA; POLYLACTIC ACID; POLYSACCHARIDE; RECOMBINANT SCATTER FACTOR; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; STEROID; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UROKINASE; VIROSOME; ZIRCONIUM DERIVATIVE; ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE;

ANTIGENICITY; CANCER INHIBITION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; COLITIS; COLON CANCER; CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE; ENTERITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HUMAN; HYDROPHOBICITY; LIPOSOMAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER METASTASIS; NANOENCAPSULATION; NANOMEDICINE; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NONHUMAN; NONVIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; PANCREAS CANCER; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TISSUE ENGINEERING; TRANSCYTOSIS; VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DRUG CARRIERS; GASTROENTEROLOGY; GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; GENE THERAPY; GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; NANOMEDICINE; NANOSTRUCTURES;

EID: 79954497032     PISSN: 01931857     EISSN: 15221547     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00466.2010     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Akita H, Kudo A, Minoura A, Yamaguti M, Khalil IA, Moriguchi R, Masuda T, Danev R, Nagayama K, Kogure K, Harashima H. Multilayered nanoparticles for penetrating the endosome and nuclear membrane via a step-wise membrane fusion process. Biomaterials 30: 2940-2949, 2009.
2. Altinbas N, Fehmer C, Terheiden A, Shukla A, Rehage H, Mayer C. Alkylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules prepared from mini-emulsions: a comparison with the conventional approach. J Microencapsul 23: 567-581, 2006.
3. An SY, Bui MP, Nam YJ, Han KN, Li CA, Choo J, Lee EK, Katoh S, Kumada Y, Seong GH. Preparation of monodisperse and sizecontrolled poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel nanoparticles using liposome templates. J Colloid Interface Sci 331: 98-103, 2009.
4. Avgoustakis K. Pegylated poly(lactide) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: preparation, properties and possible applications in drug delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 1: 321-333, 2004.
5. Baluom M, Friedman M, Rubinstein A. Improved intestinal absorption of sulpiride in rats with synchronized oral delivery systems. J Control Release 70: 139-147, 2001.
6. Belyakov IM, Berzofsky JA. Immunobiology of mucosal HIV infection and the basis for development of a new generation of mucosal AIDS vaccines. Immunity 20: 247-253, 2004.
7. Brigger I, Dubernet C, Couvreur P. Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54: 631-651, 2002.
8. Bu X, Khankaldyyan V, Gonzales-Gomez I, Groshen S, Ye W, Zhuo S, Pons J, Stratton JR, Rosenberg S, Laug WE. Species-specific urokinase receptor ligands reduce glioma growth and increase survival primarily by an antiangiogenesis mechanism. Lab Invest 84: 667-678, 2004.
9. Chan LM, Lowes S, Hirst BH. The ABCs of drug transport in intestine and liver: efflux proteins limiting drug absorption and bioavailability. Eur J Pharm Sci 21: 25-51, 2004.
10. Chan WC, Maxwell DJ, Gao X, Bailey RE, Han M, Nie S. Luminescent quantum dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging. Curr Opin Biotechnol 13: 40-46, 2002.
11. Chen LD, Liu J, Yu XF, He M, Pei XF, Tang ZY, Wang QQ, Pang DW, Li Y. The biocompatibility of quantum dot probes used for the targeted imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Biomaterials 29: 4170-4176, 2008.
12. Choi JS, Park JC, Nah H, Woo S, Oh J, Kim KM, Cheon GJ, Chang Y, Yoo J, Cheon J. A hybrid nanoparticle probe for dual-modality positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 47: 6259-6262, 2008.
13. Colonna S, Gaggero N, Carrea G, Pasta P. Enantio and diastereoselectivity of cyclohexanone monooxygenase catalyzed oxidation of 1,3-dithioacetals. Tetrahedron 7: 565-570, 1996.
14. Conacher M, Alexander J, JMB. Oral immunization with peptide and protein antigens by formulations in lipid vesicles incorporating bile salts (bilosomes). Vaccine 19: 2965-2974, 2001.
15. Crociani F, Alessandrini A, Mucci MM, Biavati B. Degradation of complex carbohydrates by Bifidobacterium spp. Int J Food Microbiol 24: 199-210, 1994.
16. Das S, Ng KY. Colon-specific delivery of resveratrol: optimization of multi-particulate calcium-pectinate carrier. Int J Pharm 385: 20-28, 2010.
17. De Jonge J, Holtrop M, Wilschut J, Huckriede A. Reconstituted influenza virus envelopes as an efficient carrier system for cellular delivery of small-interfering RNAs. Gene Ther 13: 400-411, 2006.
18. Debongnie JC, Phillips SF. Capacity of the human colon to absorb fluid. Gastroenterology 74: 698-703, 1978.
19. Delattre J, Couvreur P, Puisieux F, Philippot Schuber F JR. Les liposomes: aspects technologiques, biologiques et pharmacologiques, edited by Doc-Lavoisier T. Paris: INSERM, 1993.
20. Demento SL, Bonafe N, Cui W, Kaech SM, Caplan MJ, Fikrig E, Ledizet M, Fahmy TM. TLR9-targeted biodegradable nanoparticles as immunization vectors protect against West Nile encephalitis. J Immunol 185: 2989-2997, 2010.
21. Diaz A, David A, Perez R, Gonzalez ML, Baez A, Wark SE, Zhang P, Clearfield A, Colon JL. Nanoencapsulation of insulin into zirconium phosphate for oral delivery applications. Biomacromolecules 11: 2465-2470, 2010.
22. Dittgen MHB. Zeta potential-fundamentals, measurement methods and application to pharmacy. Pharmazie 42: 641-656, 1987.
23. Dorkoosh FA, Verhoef JC, Borchard G, Rafiee-Tehrani M, Junginger HE. Development and characterization of a novel peroral peptide drug delivery system. J Control Release 71: 307-318, 2001.
24. Douglas SJ, Davis SS, Illum L. Nanoparticles in drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 3: 233-261, 1987.
25. Fang C, Bhattarai N, Sun C, Zhang M. Functionalized nanoparticles with long-term stability in biological media. Small 5: 1637-1641, 2009.
26. Faraday M. The Bakerian lecture: experimental relations of gold (and other metals) to light. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 147: 145-181, 1847.
27. Farokhzad OC, Jon S, Khademhosseini A, Tran TN, Lavan DA, Langer R. Nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates: a new approach for targeting prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 64: 7668-7672, 2004.
28. Fattal E, Vauthier C, Aynie I, Nakada Y, Lambert G, Malvy C, Couvreur P. Biodegradable polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles for the delivery of oligonucleotides. J Control Release 53: 137-143, 1998.
29. Flynn MA, Casey DG, Todryk SM, Mahon BP. Efficient delivery of small interfering RNA for inhibition of IL-12p40 expression in vivo. J Inflamm 1: 4, 2004.
30. Godbey WT, Barry MA, Saggau P, Wu KK, Mikos AG. Poly(ethylenimine)-mediated transfection: a new paradigm for gene delivery. J Biomed Mater Res 51: 321-328, 2000.
31. Gunther M, Wagner E, Ogris M. Specific targets in tumor tissue for the delivery of therapeutic genes. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents 5: 157-171, 2005.
32. Harokopakis E, Childers NK, Michalek SM, Zhang SS, Tomasi M. Conjugation of cholera toxin or its B subunit to liposomes for targeted delivery of antigens. J Immunol Methods 185: 31-42, 1995.
33. Hassani S, Pellequer Y, Lamprecht A. Selective adhesion of nanoparticles to inflamed tissue in gastric ulcers. Pharm Res 26: 1149-1154, 2009.
34. Hikage M, Gonda K, Takeda M, Kamei T, Kobayashi M, Kumasaka M, Watanabe M, Satomi S, Ohuchi N. Nano-imaging of the lymph network structure with quantum dots. Nanotechnology 21: 185103, 2010.
35. Hood JD, Bednarski M, Frausto R, Guccione S, Reisfeld RA, Xiang R, Cheresh DA. Tumor regression by targeted gene delivery to the neovasculature. Science 296: 2404-2407, 2002.
36. Horber JK, Miles MJ. Scanning probe evolution in biology. Science 302: 1002-1005, 2003.
37. Horter D, Dressman JB. Influence of physicochemical properties on dissolution of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 46: 75-87, 2001.
38. Hu Z, Mawatari S, Shibata N, Takada K, Yoshikawa H, Arakawa A, Yosida Y. Application of a biomagnetic measurement system (BMS) to the evaluation of gastrointestinal transit of intestinal pressure-controlled colon delivery capsules (PCDCs) in human subjects. Pharm Res 17: 160-167, 2000.
39. Hu Z, Mawatari S, Shimokawa T, Kimura G, Yoshikawa Y, Shibata N, Takada K. Colon delivery efficiencies of intestinal pressure-controlled colon delivery capsules prepared by a coating machine in human subjects. J Pharm Pharmacol 52: 1187-1193, 2000.
40. Hussain H, Tan BH, Seah GL, Liu Y, He CB, Davis TP. Micelle formation and gelation of (PEG-P(MA-POSS)) amphiphilic block copolymers via associative hydrophobic effects. Langmuir 26: 11763-11773, 2010.
41. Hussain N, Florence AT. Utilizing bacterial mechanisms of epithelial cell entry: invasin-induced oral uptake of latex nanoparticles. Pharm Res 15: 153-156, 1998.
42. Jain S, Vyas SP. Mannosylated niosomes as adjuvant-carrier system for oral mucosal immunization. J Liposome Res 16: 331-345, 2006.
43. Jani P, Halbert GW, Langridge J, Florence AT. The uptake and translocation of latex nanospheres and microspheres after oral administration to rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 41: 809-812, 1989.
44. Jung T, Kamm W, Breitenbach A, Kaiserling E, Xiao JX, Kissel T. Biodegradable nanoparticles for oral delivery of peptides: is there a role for polymers to affect mucosal uptake? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 50: 147-160, 2000.
45. Jung Y, Kim YM. What should be considered on design of a colonspecific prodrug? Expert Opin Drug Deliv 7: 245-258, 2010.
46. Karoutsos V. Scanning probe microscopy: instrumentation and applications on thin films and magnetic multilayers. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 9: 6783-6798, 2009.
47. Kim B, Tang Q, Biswas PS, Xu J, Schiffelers RM, Xie FY, Ansari AM, Scaria PV, Woodle MC, Lu P, Rouse BT. Inhibition of ocular angiogenesis by siRNA targeting vascular endothelial growth factor pathway genes: therapeutic strategy for herpetic stromal keratitis. Am J Pathol 165: 2177-2185, 2004.
48. Kirui DK, Rey DA, Batt CA. Gold hybrid nanoparticles for targeted phototherapy and cancer imaging. Nanotechnology 21: 105105, 2010.
49. Kountouras J, Chatzopoulos D, Zavos C. Reactive oxygen metabolites and upper gastrointestinal diseases. Hepatogastroenterology 48: 743-751, 2001.
50. Kozlowski PA, Neutra MR. The role of mucosal immunity in prevention of HIV transmission. Curr Mol Med 3: 217-228, 2003.
51. Kroto HW, Heath JR, O'Brien SC, Curl RF, Smalley RE. C60: Buckminsterfullerene. Nature 318: 162-163, 1985.
52. Lacoeuille F, Garcion E, Benoit JP, Lamprecht A. Lipid nanocapsules for intracellular drug delivery of anticancer drugs. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 7: 4612-4617, 2007.
53. Lamprecht A, Scaffer U, Lehr CM. Size dependent targeting of microand nano-particulate carriers to the inflamed colonic mucosa. Pharm Res 18: 788-793, 2001.
54. Lamprecht A, Ubrich N, Yamamoto H, Schafer U, Takeuchi H, Maincent P, Kawashima Y, Lehr CM. Biodegradable nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299: 775-781, 2001.
55. Lamprecht A, Yamamoto H, Takeuchi H, Kawashima Y. Microsphere design for the colonic delivery of 5-fluorouracil. J Control Release 90: 313-322, 2003.
56. Langer R, Folkman J. Polymers for the sustained release of proteins and other macromolecules. Nature 263: 797-800, 1976.
57. Laroui H, Dalmasso G, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D. Drug-loaded nanoparticles targeted to the colon with polysaccharide hydrogel reduce colitis in a mouse model. Gastroenterology 138: 843-853.e41-42, 2010.
58. Laroui H, Grossin L, Leonard M, Stoltz JF, Gillet P, Netter P, Dellacherie E. Hyaluronate-covered nanoparticles for the therapeutic targeting of cartilage. Biomacromolecules 8: 3879-3885, 2007.
59. Laroui H, Theiss AL, Yan Y, Dalmasso G, Nguyen HT, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D. Functional TNFα gene silencing mediated by polyethyl-eneimine/TNFα siRNA nanocomplexes in inflamed colon. Biomaterials 32: 1218-1228, 2011.
60. Lees CW, Satsangi J. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease: implications for disease pathogenesis and natural history. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 3: 513-534, 2009.
61. Leong JM, Fournier RS, Isberg RR. Identification of the integrin binding domain of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein. EMBO J 9: 1979-1989, 1990.
62. Li F, Sun JY, Wang JY, Du SL, Lu WY, Liu M, Xie C, Shi JY. Effect of hepatocyte growth factor encapsulated in targeted liposomes on liver cirrhosis. J Control Release 131: 77-82, 2008.
63. Li H, Soria C, Griscelli F, Opolon P, Soria J, Yeh P, Legrand C, Vannier JP, Belin D, Perricaudet M, Lu H. Amino-terminal fragment of urokinase inhibits tumor cell invasion in vitro and in vivo: respective contribution of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-dependent or -independent pathway. Hum Gene Ther 16: 1157-1167, 2005.
64. Li J, Ng HT, Chen H. Carbon nanotubes and nanowires for biological sensing. Methods Mol Biol 300: 191-123, 2005.
65. Liu W, Greytak AB, Lee J, Wong CR, Park J, Marshall LF, Jiang W, Curtin PN, Ting AY, Nocera DG, Fukumura D, Jain RK, Bawendi MG. Compact biocompatible quantum dots via RAFT-mediated synthesis of imidazole-based random copolymer ligand. J Am Chem Soc 132: 472-483, 2010.
66. Matsumura Y. Polymeric micellar delivery systems in oncology. Jpn J Clin Oncol 38: 793-802, 2008.
67. McConnell EL, Murdan S, Basit AW. An investigation into the digestion of chitosan (noncrosslinked and crosslinked) by human colonic bacteria. J Pharm Sci 97: 3820-3829, 2008.
68. Meade BR, Dowdy SF. Exogenous siRNA delivery using peptide transduction domains/cell penetrating peptides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59: 134-140, 2007.
69. Moghimi SM, Hunter AC, Murray JC. Long-circulating and targetspecific nanoparticles: theory to practice. Pharmacol Rev 53: 283-318, 2001.
70. Morrissey DV, Lockridge JA, Shaw L, Blanchard K, Jensen K, Breen W, Hartsough K, Machemer L, Radka S, Jadhav V, Vaish N, Zinnen S, Vargeese C, Bowman K, Shaffer CS, Jeffs LB, Judge A, MacLachlan I, Polisky B. Potent and persistent in vivo anti-HBV activity of chemically modified siRNAs. Nat Biotechnol 23: 1002-1007, 2005.
71. Nakase H, Okazaki K, Tabata Y, Chiba T. Biodegradable microspheres targeting mucosal immune-regulating cells: new approach for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 38, Suppl 15: 59-62, 2003.
72. Neutra MR, Kozlowski PA. Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge. Nat Rev Immunol 6: 148-158, 2006.
73. O'Hagan DT. The intestinal uptake of particles and the implications for drug and antigen delivery. J Anat 189: 477-482, 1996.
74. Onishi H, Koyama K, Sakata O, Machida Y. Preparation of chitosan/ alginate/calcium complex microparticles loaded with lactoferrin and their efficacy on carrageenan-induced edema in rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 36: 879-884, 2010.
75. Otsuka H, Nagasaki Y, Kataoka K. PEGylated nanoparticles for biological and pharmaceutical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55: 403-419, 2003.
76. Owens DE 3rd, Peppas NA. Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 307: 93-102, 2006.
77. Pardridge WM. Intravenous, non-viral RNAi gene therapy of brain cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 4: 1103-1113, 2004.
78. Pedersen GP, Fäldt P, Bergenståhl B, Kristensen HG. Solid state characterisation of a dry emulsion: a potential drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 171: 257-270, 1998.
79. Pertuit D, Moulari B, Betz T, Nadaradjane A, Neumann D, Ismaili L, Refouvelet B, Pellequer Y, Lamprecht A. 5-Amino salicylic acid bound nanoparticles for the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. J Control Release 123: 211-218, 2007.
80. Pinhassi RI, Assaraf YG, Farber S, Stark M, Ickowicz D, Drori S, Domb AJ, Livney YD. Arabinogalactan-folic acid-drug conjugate for targeted delivery and target-activated release of anticancer drugs to folate receptor-overexpressing cells. Biomacromolecules 11: 294-303, 2010.
81. Porta C, James PS, Phillips AD, Savidge TC, Smith MW, Cremaschi D. Confocal analysis of fluorescent bead uptake by mouse Peyer's patch follicle-associated M cells. Exp Physiol 77: 929-932, 1992.
82. Raper SE. Gene therapy: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Surgery 137: 487-492, 2005.
83. Ravi S, Peh KK, Darwis Y, Murthy BK, Singh TR, Mallikarjun C. Development and characterization of polymeric microspheres for controlled release protein loaded drug delivery system. Indian J Pharm Sci 70: 303-309, 2008.
84. Romberg B, Hennink WE, Storm G. Sheddable coatings for longcirculating nanoparticles. Pharm Res 25: 55-71, 2008.
85. Sajeesh S, Bouchemal K, Sharma CP, Vauthier C. Surface-functionalized polymethacrylic acid based hydrogel microparticles for oral drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 74: 209-218, 2010.
86. Schiffelers RM, Ansari A, Xu J, Zhou Q, Tang Q, Storm G, Molema G, Lu PY, Scaria PV, Woodle MC. Cancer siRNA therapy by tumor selective delivery with ligand-targeted sterically stabilized nanoparticle. Nucleic Acids Res 32: e149, 2004.
87. Serrano F, Lopez GL, Jadraque M, Koper M, Ellis G, Cano P, Martin M, Garrido L. A Nd:YAG laser-microperforated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-basal membrane matrix composite film as substrate for keratinocytes. Biomaterials 28: 650-660, 2007.
88. Shahiwala A, Vyas TK, Amiji MM. Nanocarriers for systemic and mucosal vaccine delivery. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul 1: 1-9, 2007.
89. Shibata N, Ohno T, Shimokawa T, Hu Z, Yoshikawa Y, Koga K, Murakami M, Takada K. Application of pressure-controlled colon delivery capsule to oral administration of glycyrrhizin in dogs. J Pharm Pharmacol 53: 441-447, 2001.
90. Shrivastava PK, Shrivastava SK. Dextran carrier macromolecule for colon specific delivery of celecoxib. Curr Drug Deliv 7: 144-151, 2010.
91. Shukla AK, Verma M, Singh KN. Superoxide induced deprotection of 1,3-dithiolanes: a convenient method of dedithioacetalization. Indian J Chem-Sect B 43: 1748-1752, 2004.
92. Singh P, Prabakaran D, Jain S, Mishra V, Jaganathan KS, Vyas SP. Cholera toxin B subunit conjugated bile salt stabilized vesicles (bilosomes) for oral immunization. Int J Pharm 278: 379-390, 2004.
93. Solvang S, Finholt P. Effect of tablet processing and formulation factors on dissolution rate of the active ingredient in human gastric juice. J Pharm Sci 59: 49-52, 1970.
94. Soutschek J, Akinc A, Bramlage B, Charisse K, Constien R, Donoghue M, Elbashir S, Geick A, Hadwiger P, Harborth J, John M, Kesavan V, Lavine G, Pandey RK, Racie T, Rajeev KG, Rohl I, Toudjarska I, Wang G, Wuschko S, Bumcrot D, Koteliansky V, Limmer S, Manoharan M, Vornlocher HP. Therapeutic silencing of an endogenous gene by systemic administration of modified siRNAs. Nature 432: 173-178, 2004.
95. Sun C, Du K, Fang C, Bhattarai N, Veiseh O, Kievit F, Stephen Z, Lee D, Ellenbogen RG, Ratner B, Zhang M. PEG-mediated synthesis of highly dispersive multifunctional superparamagnetic nanoparticles: their physicochemical properties and function in vivo. ACS Nano 4: 2402-2410, 2010.
96. Sun C, Lee JS, Zhang M. Magnetic nanoparticles in MR imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60: 1252-1265, 2008.
97. Tafaghodi M, Jaafari MR, Tabassi SA. Nasal immunization studies by cationic, fusogenic and cationic-fusogenic liposomes encapsulated with tetanus toxoid. Curr Drug Deliv 5: 108-113, 2008.
98. Takaya T, Ikeda C, Imagawa N, Niwa K, Takada K. Development of a colon delivery capsule and the pharmacological activity of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in beagle dogs. J Pharm Pharmacol 47: 474-478, 1995.
99. Tangirala R, Revanur R, Russell TP, Emrick T. Sizing nanoparticlecovered droplets by extrusion through track-etch membranes. Langmuir 23: 965-969, 2007.
100. Theiss AL, Laroui H, Obertone TS, Chowdhury I, Thompson WE, Merlin D, Sitaraman SV. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic delivery of prohibitin to the colonic epithelial cells ameliorates acute murine colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010. [Epub ahead of print]
101. Toub N, Bertrand JR, Tamaddon A, Elhamess H, Hillaireau H, Maksimenko A, Maccario J, Malvy C, Fattal E, Couvreur P. Efficacy of siRNA nanocapsules targeted against the EWS-Fli1 oncogene in Ewing sarcoma. Pharm Res 23: 892-900, 2006.
102. Veiseh O, Gunn JW, Zhang M. Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62: 284-304, 2010.
103. Veiseh O, Sun C, Fang C, Bhattarai N, Gunn J, Kievit F, Du K, Pullar B, Lee D, Ellenbogen RG, Olson J, Zhang M. Specific targeting of brain tumors with an optical/magnetic resonance imaging nanoprobe across the blood-brain barrier. Cancer Res 69: 6200-6207, 2009.
104. Verma UN, Surabhi RM, Schmaltieg A, Becerra C, Gaynor RB. Small interfering RNAs directed against beta-catenin inhibit the in vitro and in vivo growth of colon cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 9: 1291-1300, 2003.
105. Vittaz M, Bazile D, Spenlehauer G, Verrecchia T, Veillard M, Puisieux F, Labarre D. Effect of PEO surface density on long-circulating PLA-PEO nanoparticles which are very low complement activators. Biomaterials 17: 1575-1581, 1996.
106. Wilson DS, Dalmasso G, Wang L, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D, Murthy N. Orally delivered thioketal nanoparticles loaded with TNF-alphasiRNA target inflammation and inhibit gene expression in the intestines. Nat Mater 9: 923-928, 2010.
107. Xiong XB, Ma Z, Lai R, Lavasanifar A. The therapeutic response to multifunctional polymeric nano-conjugates in the targeted cellular and subcellular delivery of doxorubicin. Biomaterials 31: 757-768, 2010.
108. Yang L, Mao H, Cao Z, Wang YA, Peng X, Wang X, Sajja HK, Wang L, Duan H, Ni C, Staley CA, Wood WC, Gao X, Nie S. Molecular imaging of pancreatic cancer in an animal model using targeted multifunctional nanoparticles. Gastroenterology 136: 1514-1525.e2, 2009.
109. Yang Z, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Sun L, Han D, Li H, Wang C. Pharmacological and toxicological target organelles and safe use of singlewalled carbon nanotubes as drug carriers in treating Alzheimer disease. Nanomedicine 6: 427-441, 2010.
110. Yang Z, Zheng S, Harrison WJ, Harder J, Wen X, Gelovani JG, Qiao A, Li C. Long-circulating near-infrared fluorescence core-crosslinked polymeric micelles: synthesis, characterization, and dual nuclear/ optical imaging. Biomacromolecules 8: 3422-3428, 2007.
111. Yano J, Hirabayashi K, Nakagawa S, Yamaguchi T, Nogawa M, Kashimori I, Naito H, Kitagawa H, Ishiyama K, Ohgi T, Irimura T. Antitumor activity of small interfering RNA/cationic liposome complex in mouse models of cancer. Clin Cancer Res 10: 7721-7726, 2004.
112. Yoo MK, Kang SK, Choi JH, Park IK, Na HS, Lee HC, Kim EB, Lee NK, Nah JW, Choi YJ, Cho CS. Targeted delivery of chitosan nanoparticles to Peyer's patch using M cell-homing peptide selected by phage display technique. Biomaterials 31: 7738-7747, 2010.
113. Zambaux MF, Bonneaux F, Gref R, Dellacherie E, Vigneron C. Preparation and characterization of protein C-loaded PLA nanoparticles. J Control Release 60: 179-188, 1999.
114. Zhou F, Kraehenbuhl JP, Neutra MR. Mucosal IgA response to rectally administered antigen formulated in IgA-coated liposomes. Vaccine 13: 637-644, 1995.