Therapeutics, imaging and toxicity of nanomaterials in the central nervous system

Journal of Controlled Release

Volumn 161, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 290-306

  Nunes, Antonio ^a   Al Jamal, Khuloud T ^a,b   Kostarelos, Kostas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Brain; Imaging; Nanomedicine; Nanotechnology; Neurodegenerative

Indexed keywords

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS; DIAGNOSTIC MODALITY; MODERN MEDICINE; NEURODEGENERATIVE; NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS;

BRAIN; DIAGNOSIS; IMAGING TECHNIQUES; MEDICAL NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOTECHNOLOGY;

NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS;

APOMORPHINE; BENZYLOXYCARBONYLASPARTYLGLUTAMYLVALYLASPARTYL FLUOROMETHYL KETONE; CARBON NANOTUBE; CATALASE; CETUXIMAB; DENDRIMER; DOXORUBICIN; FERUMOXYTOL; FULLERENE; GLIAL CELL LINE DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; HEMOGLOBIN; HIGH MOBILITY GROUP B1 PROTEIN; IMATINIB; IRINOTECAN; LIPOSOME; METHOTREXATE; MICROSPHERE; MONOCRYSTALLINE IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE; NANOMATERIAL; NANOPARTICLE; NANOWIRE; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; PACLITAXEL; PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL; QUANTUM DOT; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE; ULTRASMALL SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE; UNINDEXED DRUG; UROCORTIN; VASCULOTROPIN;

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN INJURY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; GLIOBLASTOMA; GLIOMA; GLIOSARCOMA; HUMAN; IMAGING; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STROKE; TOXICITY;

ANIMALS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMANS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS;

EID: 84862659050     PISSN: 01683659     EISSN: 18734995     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.026     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. W.M. Pardridge, The blood-brain barrier: bottleneck in brain drug development, NeuroRx 2 (2005) 3-14.
2. D.J. Begley, Delivery of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system: the problems and the possibilities, Pharmacol. Ther. 104 (2004) 29-45.
3. W.M. Pardridge, Blood-brain barrier delivery, DrugDiscov. Today 12 (2007) 54-61.
4. S. Bhaskar, F.R. Tian, T. Stoeger, W. Kreyling, J.M. de la Fuente, V. Grazu, P. Borm, G. Estrada, V. Ntziachristos, D. Razansky, Multifunctional nanocarriers for diagnostics, drug delivery and targeted treatment across blood-brain barrier: perspectives on tracking and neuroimaging, Part. Fibre Toxicol. 7 (2010).
5. V. Mishra, S. Mahor, A. Rawat, P.N. Gupta, P. Dubey, K. Khatri, S.P. Vyas, Targeted brain delivery of AZT via transferrin anchored pegylated albumin nanoparticles, J. Drug Target. 14 (2006) 45-53.
6. J. Kreuter, R.N. Alyautdin, D.A. Kharkevich, A.A. Ivanov, Passage of peptides through the blood-brain-barrier with colloidal polymer particles (nanoparticles), Brain Res. 674 (1995) 171-174.
7. U. Schroder, B.A. Sabel,Nanoparticles, a drug carrier systemto pass the blood-brain barrier, permit central analgesic effects of iv dalargin injections, Brain Res. 710 (1996) 121-124.
8. S.E. Gelperina, A.S. Khalansky, I.N. Skidan, Z.S. Smirnova, A.I. Bobruskin, S.E. Severin, B. Turowski, F.E. Zanella, J. Kreuter, Toxicological studies of doxorubicin bound to polysorbate 80-coated poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles in healthy rats and rats with intracranial glioblastoma, Toxicol. Lett. 126 (2002) 131-141.
9. U. Schroeder, P. Sommerfeld, S. Ulrich, B.A. Sabel, Nanoparticle technology for delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier, J. Pharm. Sci.-Us. 87 (1998) 1305-1307.
10. A. Friese, E. Seiller, G. Quack, B. Lorenz, J. Kreuter, Increase of the duration of the anticonvulsive activity of a novel NMDA receptor antagonist using poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles as a parenteral controlled release system, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 49 (2000) 103-109.
11. P. Calvo, B. Gouritin, I. Brigger, C. Lasmezas, J.P. Deslys, A. Williams, J.P. Andreux, D. Dormont, P. Couvreur, PEGylated polycyanoacrylate nanoparticles as vector for drug delivery in prion diseases, J. Neurosci. Methods 111 (2001) 151-155.
12. B. Wilson, M.K. Samanta, K. Santhi, K.P.S. Kumar, N. Paramakrishnan, B. Suresh, Targeted delivery of tacrine into the brain with polysorbate 80-coated poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 70 (2008) 75-84.
13. B. Wilson, M.K. Samanta, K. Santhi, K.P.S. Kumar, N. Paramakrishnan, B. Suresh, Poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles coated with polysorbate 80 for the targeted delivery of rivastigmine into the brain to treat Alzheimer's disease, Brain Res. 1200 (2008) 159-168.
14. Y.C. Kuo, F.L. Su, Transport of stavudine, delavirdine, and saquinavir across the blood-brain barrier by polybutylcyanoacrylate, methylmethacrylate- sulfopropylmethacrylate, and solid lipid nanoparticles, Int. J. Pharm. 340 (2007) 143-152.
15. K. Michaelis, M.M. Hoffmann, S. Dreis, E. Herbert, R.N. Alyautdin, M. Michaelis, J. Kreuter, K. Langer, Covalent linkage of apolipoprotein E to albumin nanoparticles strongly enhances drug transport into the brain, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 317 (2006) 1246-1253.
16. A. Zensi, D. Begley, C. Pontikis, C. Legros, L. Mihoreanu, S. Wagner, C. Buchel, H. von Briesen, J. Kreuter, Albumin nanoparticles targeted with Apo E enter the CNS by transcytosis and are delivered to neurones, J. Control. Release 137 (2009) 78-86.
17. G. Tosi, L. Costantino, F. Rivasi, B. Ruozi, E. Leo, A.V. Vergoni, R. Tacchi, A. Bertolini, M.A. Vandelli, F. Forni, Targeting the central nervous system: in vivo experiments with peptide-derivatized nanoparticles loaded with Loperamide and Rhodamine-123, J. Control. Release 122 (2007) 1-9.
18. C. Olbrich, A. Gessner, O. Kayser, R.H. Muller, Lipid-drug-conjugate (LDC) nanoparticles as novel carrier system for the hydrophilic antitrypanosomal drug diminazenediaceturate, J. Drug Target. 10 (2002) 387-396.
19. J.X. Wang, X. Sun, Z.R. Zhang, Enhanced brain targeting by synthesis of 3′,5′-dioctanoyl-5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine and incorporation into solid lipid nanoparticles, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 54 (2002) 285-290.
20. N.Y. Shi, Y. Zhang, C.N. Zhu, R.J. Boado, W.M. Pardridge, Brain-specific expression of an exogenous gene after i.v. administration, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (2001) 12754-12759.
21. X.B. Zhang, Y. Xie, Y.G. Jin, X.P. Hou, L.Y. Ye, J.N. Lou, The effect of RMP-7 and its derivative on transporting Evans blue liposomes into the brain, Drug Deliv. 11 (2004) 301-309.
22. Y. Xie, L.Y. Ye, X.B. Zhang, W. Cui, J.N. Lou, T. Nagai, X.P. Hou, Transport of nerve growth factor encapsulated into liposomes across the blood-brain barrier: in vitro and in vivo studies, J. Control. Release 105 (2005) 106-119.
23. W.L. Ke, K. Shao, R.Q. Huang, L. Han, Y. Liu, J.F. Li, Y.Y. Kuang, L.Y. Ye, J.N. Lou, C. Jiang, Gene delivery targeted to the brain using an angiopep-conjugated polyethyleneglycol-modified polyamidoamine dendrimer, Biomaterials 30 (2009) 6976-6985.
24. T.T. Win-Shwe, H. Fujimaki, Nanoparticles and neurotoxicity, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12 (2011) 6267-6280.
25. I. van Rooy, S. Cakir-Tascioglu, W.E. Hennink, G. Storm, R.M. Schiffelers, E. Mastrobattista, In vivo methods to study uptake of nanoparticles into the brain, Pharm. Res. 28 (2011) 456-471.
26. G.A. Silva, Neuroscience nanotechnology: progress, opportunities and challenges, Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7 (2006) 65-74.
27. T. Misgeld, M. Kerschensteiner, In vivo imaging of the diseased nervous system, Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7 (2006) 449-463.
28. K.D.W., Rodolfo R. Llinas, Masayuki Nakao, Ian Hunter, Patrick A. Anquetil, Neuro-vascular central nervous recording/stimulating system: using nanotechnology probes, J. Nanopart. Res. 7 (2005) 111-127.
29. J.S. Weinstein, C.G. Varallyay, E. Dosa, S. Gahramanov, B. Hamilton, W.D. Rooney, L.L. Muldoon, E.A. Neuwelt, Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging and potential therapeutic applications in neurooncology and central nervous system inflammatory pathologies, a review, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 30 (2009) 15-35.
30. J.L. Winer, P.E. Kim, M. Law, C.Y. Liu, M.L.J. Apuzzo, Visualizing the future: enhancing neuroimaging with nanotechnology,World Neurosurg. 75 (2011) 626-637.
31. E.A. Neuwelt, P. Varallyay, A.G. Bago, L.L. Muldoon, G. Nesbit, R. Nixon, Imaging of iron oxide nanoparticles by MR and light microscopy in patients with malignant brain tumours, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 30 (2004) 456-471.
32. E.A. Neuwelt, C.G. Varallyay, S. Manninger, D. Solymosi, M. Haluska, M.A. Hunt, G. Nesbit, A. Stevens, M. Jerosch-Herold, P.M. Jacobs, J.M. Hoffman, The potential of ferumoxytol nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging, perfusion, and angiography in central nervous system malignancy: a pilot study, Neurosurgery 60 (2007) 601-612.
33. A. Saleh, M. Schroeter, C. Jonkmanns, H.P. Hartung, U. Modder, S. Jander, In vivo MRI of brain inflammation in human ischaemic stroke, Brain 127 (2004) 1670-1677.
34. E. Sykova, P. Jendelova, Magnetic resonance tracking of transplanted stem cells in rat brain and spinal cord, Neurodegener. Dis. 3 (2006) 62-67.
35. F. Callera, C.M. de Melo, Magnetic resonance tracking of magnetically labeled autologous bone marrow CD34+cells transplanted into the spinal cord via lumbar puncture technique in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: CD34+ cells' migration into the injured site, Stem Cells Dev. 16 (2007) 461-466.
36. B. Kateb, K. Chiu, K.L. Black, V. Yamamoto, B. Khalsa, J.Y. Ljubimova, H. Ding, R. Patil, J.A. Portilla-Arias, M. Modo, D.F. Moore, K. Farahani, M.S. Okun, N. Prakash, J. Neman, D. Ahdoot, W. Grundfest, S. Nikzad, J.D. Heiss, Nanoplatforms for constructing new approaches to cancer treatment, imaging, and drug delivery: what should be the policy? NeuroImage 54 (2011) S106-S124.
37. H. Jackson, O. Muhammad, H. Daneshvar, J. Nelms, A. Popescu, M.A. Vogelbaum, M. Bruchez, S.A. Toms, Quantum dots are phagocytized by macrophages and colocalize with experimental gliomas, Neurosurgery 60 (2007) 524-530.
38. S. Santra, H. Yang, J.T. Stanley, P.H. Holloway, B.M. Moudgil, G. Walter, R.A. Mericle, Rapid and effective labeling of brain tissue using TAT-conjugated CdS: Mn/ZnS quantum dots, Chem. Commun. (Camb) 7 (2005) 3144-3146.
39. M.J. Levene, D.A. Dombeck, K.A. Kasischke, R.P. Molloy,W.W. Webb, In vivo multi-photon microscopy of deep brain tissue, J. Neurophysiol. 91 (2004) 1908-1912.
40. X. Gao, J. Chen, J. Chen, B. Wu, H. Chen, X. Jiang, Quantum dots bearing lectinfunctionalized nanoparticles as a platform for in vivo brain imaging, Bioconjug. Chem. 19 (2008) 2189-2195.
41. H.L. Xin, L.C. Chen, J.J.Gu, X.Q. Ren, Z.Wei, J.Q. Luo, Y.Z. Chen, X.Y. Jiang, X.Y. Sha, X.L. Fang, Enhanced anti-glioblastoma efficacy by PTX-loaded PEGylated poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo evaluation, Int. J. Pharm. 402 (2010) 238-247.
42. M. Zhao, C. Liang, A.M. Li, J. Chang, H.J. Wang, R.M. Yan, J.J. Zhang, J.L. Tai, Magnetic paclitaxel nanoparticles inhibit glioma growth and improve the survival of rats bearing glioma xenografts, Anticancer. Res. 30 (2010) 2217-2223.
43. P. Couvreur, B. Kante, L. Grislain, M. Roland, P. Speiser, Toxicity of polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles II: doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles, J. Pharm. Sci. 71 (1982) 790-792.
44. A.E. Gulyaev, S.E. Gelperina, I.N. Skidan, A.S. Antropov, G.Y. Kivman, J. Kreuter, Significant transport of doxorubicin into the brain with polysorbate 80-coated nanoparticles, Pharm. Res. 16 (1999) 1564-1569.
45. S.C. Steiniger, J. Kreuter, A.S. Khalansky, I.N. Skidan, A.I. Bobruskin, Z.S. Smirnova, S.E. Severin, R. Uhl, M. Kock, K.D. Geiger, S.E. Gelperina, Chemotherapy of glioblastoma in rats using doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles, Int. J. Cancer 109 (2004) 759-767.
46. P.Y. Wen, S. Kesari, Malignant gliomas in adults, N. Engl. J. Med. 359 (2008) 492-507.
47. F.K.H. van Landeghem, K. Maier-Hauff, A. Jordan, K.-T. Hoffmann, U. Gneveckow, R. Scholz, B. Thiesen, W. Brück, A. von Deimling, Post-mortem studies in glioblastoma patients treated with thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles, Biomaterials 30 (2009) 52-57.
48. A. Jordan, P. Wust, R. Scholz, B. Tesche, H. Fahling, T. Mitrovics, T. Vogl, J. Cervos-Navarro, R. Felix, Cellular uptake of magnetic fluid particles and their effects on human adenocarcinoma cells exposed to AC magnetic fields in vitro, Int. J. Hyperthermia 12 (1996) 705-722.
49. K.Maier-Hauff, R. Rothe, R. Scholz, U. Gneveckow, P.Wust, B. Thiesen, A. Feussner, A. von Deimling, N. Waldoefner, R. Felix, A. Jordan, Intracranial thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles combined with external beam radiotherapy: results of a feasibility study on patients with glioblastoma multiforme, J. Neurooncol. 81 (2007) 53-60.
50. A. Jordan, R. Scholz, K. Maier-Hauff, F.K.H. van Landeghem, N. Waldoefner, U. Teichgraeber, J. Pinkernelle, H. Bruhn, F. Neumann, B. Thiesen, A. von Deimling, R. Felix, The effect of thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles on rat malignant glioma, J. Neurooncol. 78 (2006) 7-14.
51. K. Maier-Hauff, F. Ulrich, D. Nestler, H. Niehoff, P. Wust, B. Thiesen, H. Orawa, V. Budach, A. Jordan, Efficacy and safety of intratumoral thermotherapy using magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles combined with external beam radiotherapy on patients with recurrent glioblastomamultiforme, J. Neurooncol. 103 (2011) 317-324.
52. W. Lu, Q. Sun, J. Wan, Z. She, X.G. Jiang, Cationic albumin-conjugated pegylated nanoparticles allow gene delivery into brain tumors via intravenous administration, Cancer Res. 66 (2006) 11878-11887.
53. R. Kopelman, Y.-E. Lee Koo, M. Philbert, B.A. Moffat, G. Ramachandra Reddy, P. McConville, D.E. Hall, T.L. Chenevert, M.S. Bhojani, S.M. Buck, A. Rehemtulla, B.D. Ross, Multifunctional nanoparticle platforms for in vivo MRI enhancement and photodynamic therapy of a rat brain cancer, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 293 (2005) 404-410.
54. L. Agemy, D. Friedmann-Morvinski, V.R. Kotamraju, L. Roth, K.N. Sugahara, O.M. Girard, R.F. Mattrey, I.M. Verma, E. Ruoslahti, Targeted nanoparticle enhanced proapoptotic peptide as potential therapy for glioblastoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 (2011) 17450-17455.
55. S.K. Pulfer, J.M. Gallo, Enhanced brain tumor selectivity of cationic magnetic polysaccharide microspheres, J. Drug Target. 6 (1998) 215-227.
56. M. Yemisci, S. Bozdag,M. Cetin, F. Soylemezoglu, Y. Capan, T. Dalkara, I. Vural, Treatment of malignant gliomas with mitoxantrone-loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres, Neurosurgery 59 (2006) 1296-1303.
57. O. Benny, L.G. Menon, G. Ariel, E. Goren, S.K. Kim, C. Stewman, P.M. Black, R.S. Carroll, M. Machluf, Local delivery of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres containing imatinib mesylate inhibits intracranial xenograft glioma growth, Clin. Cancer Res. 15 (2009) 1222-1231.
58. C.E. Holt, N. Garlick, E. Cornel, Lipofection of cDNAs in the embryonic vertebrate central nervous system, Neuron 4 (1990) 203-214.
59. A. Doi, S. Kawabata, K. Iida, K. Yokoyama, Y. Kajimoto, T. Kuroiwa, T. Shirakawa, M. Kirihata, S. Kasaoka, K. Maruyama, H. Kumada, Y. Sakurai, S. Masunaga, K. Ono, S. Miyatake, Tumor-specific targeting of sodium borocaptate (BSH) to malignant glioma by transferrin-PEG liposomes: a modality for boron neutron capture therapy, J. Neurooncol. 87 (2008) 287-294.
60. B. Feng, K. Tomizawa, H. Michiue, S. Miyatake, X.J. Han, A. Fujimura, M. Seno, M. Kirihata, H. Matsui, Delivery of sodium borocaptate to glioma cells using immunoliposome conjugated with anti-EGFR antibodies by ZZ-His, Biomaterials 30 (2009) 1746-1755.
61. M.T. Krauze, C.O.Noble, T. Kawaguchi,D.Drummond, D.B. Kirpotin, Y. Yamashita, E. Kullberg, J. Forsayeth, J.W. Park, K.S. Bankiewicz, Convection-enhanced delivery of nanoliposomal CPT-11 (irinotecan) and PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) in rodent intracranial brain tumor xenografts, Neuro Oncol. 9 (2007) 393-403.
62. A.Y. Grahn, K.S. Bankiewicz, M. Dugich-Djordjevic, J.R. Bringas, P. Hadaczek, G.A. Johnson, S. Eastman, M. Luz, Non-PEGylated liposomes for convection-enhanced delivery of topotecan and gadodiamide in malignant glioma: initial experience, J. Neurooncol. 95 (2009) 185-197.
63. G. Wu, R.F. Barth, W.L. Yang, S. Kawabata, L.W. Zhang, K. Green-Church, Targeted delivery of methotrexate to epidermal growth factor receptor-positive brain tumors by means of cetuximab (IMC-C225) dendrimer bioconjugates, Mol. Cancer Ther. 5 (2006) 52-59.
64. Z. Cui, P.R. Lockman, C.S. Atwood, C.-H. Hsu, A. Gupte, D.D. Allen, R.J. Mumper, Novel D-penicillamine carrying nanoparticles for metal chelation therapy in Alzheimer's and other CNS diseases, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 59 (2005) 263-272.
65. G. Liu, P. Men, P.L.R. Harris, R.K. Rolston, G. Perry, M.A. Smith, Nanoparticle iron chelators: A new therapeutic approach in Alzheimer disease and other neurologic disorders associated with trace metal imbalance, Neurosci. Lett. 406 (2006) 189-193.
66. G. Liu, P. Men, W. Kudo, G. Perry, M.A. Smith, Nanoparticle-chelator conjugates as inhibitors of amyloid-[beta] aggregation and neurotoxicity: a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer disease, Neurosci. Lett. 455 (2009) 187-190.
67. M.K. Reddy, L. Wu, W. Kou, A. Ghorpade, V. Labhasetwar, Superoxide dismutase-loaded PLGA nanoparticles protect cultured human neurons under oxidative stress, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 151 (2008) 565-577.
68. D. Schubert, R. Dargusch, J. Raitano, S.W. Chan, Cerium and yttrium oxide nanoparticles are neuroprotective, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 342 (2006) 86-91.
69. Y. Cho, R. Shi, R. Ben Borgens, Chitosan nanoparticle-based neuronal membrane sealing and neuroprotection following acrolein-induced cell injury, J. Biol. Eng. 4 (2010) 2.
70. E.V. Batrakova, S. Li, A.D. Reynolds, R.L. Mosley, T.K. Bronich, A.V. Kabanov, H.E. Gendelman, A macrophage-nanozyme delivery system for Parkinson's disease, Bioconjug. Chem. 18 (2007) 1498-1506.
71. S. Crotty, P. Fitzgerald, E. Tuohy, D.M. Harris, A. Fisher, A. Mandel, A.E. Bolton, A.M. Sullivan, Y. Nolan, Neuroprotective effects of novel phosphatidylglycerol-based phospholipids in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease, Eur. J. Neurosci. 27 (2008) 294-300.
72. K.B. Kurakhmaeva, I.A. Djindjikhashvili, V.E. Petrov, V.U. Balabanyan, T.A. Voronina, S.S. Trofimov, J. Kreuter, S. Gelperina, D. Begley, R.N. Alyautdin, Brain targeting of nerve growth factor using poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles, J. Drug Target. 17 (2009) 564-574.
73. K.L. Hu, Y.B. Shi, W.M. Jiang, J.Y. Han, S.X. Huang, X.G. Jiang, Lactoferrin conjugated PEG-PLGA nanoparticles for brain delivery: preparation, characterization and efficacy in Parkinson's disease, Int. J. Pharm. 415 (2011) 273-283.
74. Z.Y. Wen, Z.Q. Yan, K.L. Hu, Z.Q. Pang, X.F. Cheng, L.R. Guo, Q.Z. Zhang, X.G. Jiang, L. Fang, R. Lai, Odorranalectin-conjugated nanoparticles: preparation, brain delivery and pharmacodynamic study on Parkinson's disease following intranasal administration, J. Control. Release 151 (2011) 131-138.
75. H. Karatas, Y. Aktas, Y. Gursoy-Ozdemir, E. Bodur, M. Yemisci, S. Caban, A. Vural, O. Pinarbasli, Y. Capan, E. Fernandez-Megia, R. Novoa-Carballal, R. Riguera, K. Andrieux, P. Couvreur, T. Dalkara, A nanomedicine transports a peptide caspase-3 inhibitor across the blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection, J. Neurosci. 29 (2009) 13761-13769.
76. I.D. Kim, C.M. Lim, J.B. Kim, H.Y. Nam, K. Nam, S.W. Kim, J.S. Park, J.K. Lee, Neuroprotection by biodegradable PAMAM ester (e-PAM-R)-mediated HMGB1 siRNA delivery in primary cortical cultures and in the postischemic brain, J. Control. Release 142 (2010) 422-430.
77. J.A. Gonzalez-Barrios, M. Lindahl, M.J. Bannon, V. Anaya-Martinez, G. Flores, I. Navarro-Quiroga, L.E. Trudeau, J. Aceves, D.B. Martinez-Arguelles, R. Garcia-Villegas, I. Jimenez, J. Segovia, D. Martinez-Fong, Neurotensin polyplex as an efficient carrier for delivering the human GDNF gene into nigral dopamine neurons of hemiparkinsonian rats, Mol. Ther. 14 (2006) 857-865.
78. R. Huang, L. Han, J. Li, F. Ren, W. Ke, C. Jiang, Y. Pei, Neuroprotection in a 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned Parkinson model using lactoferrin-modified nanoparticles, J. Gene Med. 11 (2009) 754-763.
79. R. Huang, W. Ke, Y. Liu, D. Wu, L. Feng, C. Jiang, Y. Pei, Gene therapy using lactoferrin-modified nanoparticles in a rotenone-induced chronic Parkinson model, J. Neurol. Sci. 290 (2010) 123-130.
80. C.F. Xia, R.J. Boado, Y. Zhang, C. Chu, W.M. Pardridge, Intravenous glial-derived neurotrophic factor gene therapy of experimental Parkinson's disease with Trojan horse liposomes and a tyrosine hydroxylase promoter, J. Gene Med. 10 (2008) 306-315.
81. A.T. Kawaguchi, D. Kurita, H. Furuya, M. Yamano, Y. Ogata, M. Haida, Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin alleviates brain edema after permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats, Artif. Organs 33 (2009) 153-158.
82. A.T. Kawaguchi, D. Fukumoto, M. Haida, Y. Ogata, M. Yamano, H. Tsukada, Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin reduces the size of cerebral infarction in the rat - evaluation with photochemically induced thrombosis of the middle cerebral artery, Stroke 38 (2007) 1626-1632.
83. I.Y. Podolski, Z.A. Podlubnaya, E.A. Kosenko, E.A. Mugantseva, E.G. Makarova, L.G. Marsagishvili, M.D. Shpagina, Y.G. Kaminsky, G.V. Andrievsky, V.K. Klochkov, Effects of hydrated forms of C-60 fullerene on amyloid beta-peptide fibrillization in vitro and performance of the cognitive task, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7 (2007) 1479-1485.
84. A.S. Basso, D. Frenkel, F.J. Quintana, F.A. Costa-Pinto, S. Petrovic-Stojkovic, L. Puckett, A. Monsonego, A. Bar-Shir, Y. Engel, M. Gozin, H.L. Weiner, Reversal of axonal loss and disability in a mouse model of progressive multiple sclerosis, J. Clin. Invest. 118 (2008) 1532-1543.
85. X. Cai, H. Jia, Z. Liu, B. Hou, C. Luo, Z. Feng, W. Li, J. Liu, Polyhydroxylated fullerene derivative C(60)(OH)(24) prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in an MPP(+)-induced cellular model of Parkinson's disease, J. Neurosci. Res. 86 (2008) 3622-3634.
86. S.S. Huang, S.K. Tsai, C.L. Chih, L.Y. Chiang, H.M. Hsieh, C.M. Teng, M.C. Tsai, Neuroprotective effect of hexasulfobutylated C60 on rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 30 (2001) 643-649.
87. D.Y. Yang, M.F. Wang, I.L. Chen, Y.C. Chan, M.S. Lee, F.C. Cheng, Systemic administration of a water-soluble hexasulfonated C(60) (FC(4)S) reduces cerebral ischemia-induced infarct volume in gerbils, Neurosci. Lett. 311 (2001) 121-124.
88. A.M.Y. Lin, S.F. Fang, S.Z. Lin, C.K. Chou, T.Y. Luh, L.T. Ho, Local carboxyfullerene protects cortical infarction in rat brain, Neurosci. Res. 43 (2002) 317-321.
89. H.J. Lee, J. Park, O.J. Yoon, H.W. Kim, Y. Lee do, H. Kim do,W.B. Lee, N.E. Lee, J.V. Bonventre, S.S. Kim, Amine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes protect neurons from injury in a rat stroke model, Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 (2011) 121-125.
90. P. Higgins, J. Dawson, M. Walters, Nanomedicine: nanotubes reduce stroke damage, Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 (2011) 83-84.
91. K.T. Al-Jamal, L. Gherardini, G. Bardi, A. Nunes, C. Guo, C. Bussy, M.A. Herrero, A. Bianco, M. Prato, K. Kostarelos, T. Pizzorusso, Functional motor recovery from brain ischemic insult by carbon nanotube-mediated siRNA silencing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 (2011) 10952-10957.
92. Y. Cho, R.B. Borgens, Polymer and nano-technology applications for repair and reconstruction of the central nervous system, Exp. Neurol. 233 (2012) 126-144.
93. Y. Cho, R. Shi, R. Borgens, A. Ivanisevic, Repairing the damaged spinal cord and brain with nanomedicine, Small 4 (2008) 1676-1681.
94. T.C. Holmes, S. de Lacalle, X. Su, G. Liu, A. Rich, S. Zhang, Extensive neurite outgrowth and active synapse formation on self-assembling peptide scaffolds, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97 (2000) 6728-6733.
95. R.G. Ellis-Behnke, Y.X. Liang, S.W. You, D.K. Tay, S. Zhang, K.F. So, G.E. Schneider, Nano neuro knitting: peptide nanofiber scaffold for brain repair and axon regeneration with functional return of vision, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 (2006) 5054-5059.
96. V.M. Tysseling-Mattiace, V. Sahni, K.L. Niece, D. Birch, C. Czeisler, M.G. Fehlings, S.I. Stupp, J.A. Kessler, Self-assembling nanofibers inhibit glial scar formation and promote axon elongation after spinal cord injury, J. Neurosci. 28 (2008) 3814-3823.
97. P.A. Tran, L.J. Zhang, T.J. Webster, Carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes in regenerative medicine, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 61 (2009) 1097-1114.
98. V. Lovat, D. Pantarotto, L. Lagostena, B. Cacciari, M. Grandolfo, M. Righi, G. Spalluto, M. Prato, L. Ballerini, Carbon nanotube substrates boost neuronal electrical signaling, Nano Lett. 5 (2005) 1107-1110.
99. M.P. Mattson, R.C. Haddon, A.M. Rao, Molecular functionalization of carbon nanotubes and use as substrates for neuronal growth, J. Mol. Neurosci. 14 (2000) 175-182.
100. J.A. Roman, T.L. Niedzielko, R.C. Haddon, V. Parpura, C.L. Floyd, Single-walled carbon nanotubes chemically functionalized with polyethylene glycol promote tissue repair in a rat model of spinal cord injury, J. Neurotraum 28 (2011) 2349-2362.
101. H.S. Sharma, A. Sharma, S. Hari Shanker, Nanoparticles aggravate heat stress induced cognitive deficits, blood-brain barrier disruption, edema formation and brain pathology, Prog Brain Res., Elsevier, 2007, pp. 245-273.
102. J.C. Olivier, L. Fenart, R. Chauvet, C. Pariat, R. Cecchelli, W. Couet, Indirect evidence that drug brain targeting using polysorbate 80-coated polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles is related to toxicity, Pharm. Res. 16 (1999) 1836-1842.
103. J. Kreuter, P. Ramge, V. Petrov, S. Hamm, S.E. Gelperina, B. Engelhardt, R. Alyautdin, H. von Briesen, D.J. Begley, Direct evidence that polysorbate-80-coated poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles deliver drugs to the CNS via specific mechanisms requiring prior binding of drug to the nanoparticles, Pharm. Res. 20 (2003) 409-416.
104. L. Chen, R.A. Yokel, B. Hennig, M. Toborek, Manufactured aluminum oxide nanoparticles decrease expression of tight junction proteins in brain vasculature, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 3 (2008) 286-295.
105. H.S. Sharma, S.M. Hussain, J.J. Schlager, S.F. Ali, A. Sharma, Influence of nanoparticles on blood brain barrier permeability and brain edema formation in rats, Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 106 (2010) 359-364.
106. G. Oberdorster, Z. Sharp, V. Atudorei, A. Elder, R. Gelein,W. Kreyling, C. Cox, Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain, Inhal. Toxicol. 16 (2004) 437-445.
107. A.J.D. De Lorenzo, The olfactory neuron and the blood-brain barrier, Ciba Foundation Symposium - Internal Secretions of the Pancreas (Colloquia on Endocrinology), JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008, pp. 151-176.
108. W.F., BingWang, Motao Zhu, Yun Wang, MengWang, Yiqun Gu, Hong Ouyang, HuajianWang, Ming Li, Yuliang Zhao, Zhifang Chai, HaifangWang,Neurotoxicity of low-dose repeatedly intranasal instillation of nano- and submicron-sized ferric oxide particles in mice, J. Nanopart. Res. 11 (2009) 41-53.
109. J. Wang, C. Chen, Y. Liu, F. Jiao, W. Li, F. Lao, Y. Li, B. Li, C. Ge, G. Zhou, Y. Gao, Y. Zhao, Z. Chai, Potential neurological lesion after nasal instillation of TiO(2) nanoparticles in the anatase and rutile crystal phases, Toxicol. Lett. 183 (2008) 72-80.
110. E. Hutter, S. Boridy, S. Labrecque, M. Lalancette-Hebert, J. Kriz, F.M. Winnik, D. Maysinger, Microglial response to gold nanoparticles, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 2595-2606.
111. D. Maysinger, M. Behrendt, M. Lalancette-Hebert, J. Kriz, Real-time imaging of astrocyte response to quantum dots: in vivo screening model system for biocompatibility of nanoparticles, Nano Lett. 7 (2007) 2513-2520.
112. M. Lalancette-Hebert, A. Moquin, A.O. Choi, J. Kriz, D. Maysinger, Lipopolysaccharide-QD micelles induce marked induction of TLR2 and lipid droplet accumulation in olfactory bulb microglia, Mol. Pharm. 7 (2010) 1183-1194.
113. C. Eriksson Linsmeier, C.N. Prinz, L.M. Pettersson, P. Caroff, L. Samuelson, J. Schouenborg, L. Montelius, N. Danielsen, Nanowire biocompatibility in the brain-looking for a needle in a 3D stack, Nano Lett. 9 (2009) 4184-4190.
114. T. Yamada, D.Y. Jung, R. Sawada, A. Matsuoka, R. Nakaoka, T. Tsuchiya, Effects intracerebral microinjection and intraperitoneal injection of [60]fullerene on brain functions differ in rats, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8 (2008) 3973-3980.
115. T. Yamada, R. Nakaoka, R. Sawada, A. Matsuoka, T. Tsuchiya, Effects of intracerebral microinjection of hydroxylated-[60]fullerene on brain monoamine concentrations and locomotor behavior in rats, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10 (2010) 604-611.
116. M. VanHandal, D. Alizadeh, L.Y. Zhang, B. Kateb, M. Bronikowski, H. Manohara, B. Badie, Selective uptake of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by tumor macrophages in a murine glioma model, J. Neuroimmunol. 208 (2009) 3-9.
117. G. Bardi, P. Tognini, G. Ciofani, V. Raffa, M. Costa, T. Pizzorusso, Pluronic-coated carbon nanotubes do not induce degeneration of cortical neurons in vivo and in vitro, Nanomedicine 5 (2009) 96-104.
118. K.G. Petry, C. Boiziau, V. Dousset, B. Brochet, Magnetic resonance imaging of human brain macrophage infiltration, Neurotherapeutics 4 (2007) 434-442.
119. O. Mykhaylyk, A. Cherchenko, A. Ilkin, N. Dudchenko, V. Ruditsa, M. Novoseletz, Y. Zozulya, Glial brain tumor targeting of magnetite nanoparticles in rats, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 225 (2001) 241-247.
120. C.H. Liu, J.Q. Ren, Z. You, J. Yang, C.-M. Liu, R. Uppal, P.K. Liu, Noninvasive detection of neural progenitor cells in living brains by MRI, FASEB J. 26 (2012).
121. B. Tomanek, U. Iqbal, B. Blasiak, A. Abulrob, H. Albaghdadi, J.R. Matyas, D. Ponjevic, G.R. Sutherland, Evaluation of brain tumor vessels specific contrast agents for glioblastoma imaging, Neuro Oncol. 14 (2012) 53-63.
122. M.A. Popescu, S.A. Toms, In vivo optical imaging using quantum dots for the management of brain tumors, Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn. 6 (2006) 879-890.
123. H.H. Yan, J.Y. Wang, P.W. Yi, H. Lei, C.Y. Zhan, C. Xie, L.L. Feng, J. Qian, J.H. Zhu, W.Y. Lu, C. Li, Imaging brain tumor by dendrimer-based optical/paramagnetic nanoprobe across the blood-brain barrier, Chem. Commun. 47 (2011) 8130-8132.
124. E.W. Keefer, B.R. Botterman, M.I. Romero, A.F. Rossi, G.W. Gross, Carbon nanotube coating improves neuronal recordings, Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 (2008) 434-439.
125. X. Jiang, H. Xin, X. Sha, J. Gu, Y. Jiang, K. Law, Y. Chen, L. Chen, X. Wang, X. Fang, PEGylated poly(trimethylene carbonate) nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced glioma: in vitro and in vivo evaluation, Int. J. Pharm. 420 (2011) 385-394.
126. F.Y. Yang, M.C. Teng, M. Lu, H.F. Liang, Y.R. Lee, C.C. Yen, M.L. Liang, T.T. Wong, Treating glioblastoma multiforme with selective high-dose liposomal doxorubicin chemotherapy induced by repeated focused ultrasound, Int. J. Nanomedicine 7 (2012) 965-974.
127. X.Y. Sun, Z.Q. Pang, H.X. Ye, B. Qiu, L.R. Guo, J.W. Li, J.F. Ren, Y. Qian, Q.Z. Zhang, J. Chen, X.G. Jiang, Co-delivery of pEGFP-hTRAIL and paclitaxel to brain glioma mediated by an angiopep-conjugated liposome, Biomaterials 33 (2012) 916-924.
128. D.C. Zhao, D. Alizadeh, L.Y. Zhang, W. Liu, O. Farrukh, E. Manuel, D.J. Diamond, B. Badie, Carbon nanotubes enhance CpG uptake and potentiate antiglioma immunity, Clin. Cancer Res. 17 (2011) 771-782.
129. J. Ren, S. Shen, D. Wang, Z. Xi, L. Guo, Z. Pang, Y. Qian, X. Sun, X. Jiang, The targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to brain glioma by PEGylated oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with angiopep-2, Biomaterials 33 (2012) 3324-3333.
130. A.Y. Estevez, S. Pritchard, K. Harper, J.W. Aston, A. Lynch, J.J. Lucky, J.S. Ludington, P. Chatani, W.P. Mosenthal, J.C. Leiter, S. Andreescu, J.S. Erlichman, Neuroprotective mechanisms of cerium oxide nanoparticles in a mouse hippocampal brain slice model of ischemia, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 51 (2011) 1155-1163.
131. M.J. Tsai, Y.B. Huang, P.C. Wu, Y.S. Fu, Y.R. Kao, J.Y. Fang, Y.H. Tsai, Oral apomorphine delivery from solid lipid nanoparticles with different monostearate emulsifiers: pharmacokinetic and behavioral evaluations, J. Pharm. Sci. 100 (2011) 547-557.
132. H. Zhao, X.J. Bao, R.Z. Wang, G.L. Li, J. Gao, S.H. Ma, J.J. Wei, M. Feng, Y.J. Zhao, W.B. Ma, Y. Yang, Y.N. Li, Y.G. Kong, Postacute ischemia vascular endothelial growth factor transfer by transferrin-targeted liposomes attenuates ischemic brain injury after experimental stroke in rats, Hum. Gene Ther. 22 (2011) 207-215.
133. Y.G. Zhang, Z. Yang, Y.L.A. Yang, L. Sun, D. Han, H. Li, C. Wang, Pharmacological and toxicological target organelles and safe use of single-walled carbon nanotubes as drug carriers in treating Alzheimer disease, Nanomedicine 6 (2010) 427-441.