The influence of HIV on CD127 expression and its potential implications for IL-7 therapy

Seminars in Immunology

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 231-240

  Crawley, Angela M ^a,b   Angel, Jonathan B ^a,b,c  

^a OTTAWA HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

CD127; HIV; IL 2 receptor ; IL 7; T cells

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 7; INTERLEUKIN 7 RECEPTOR;

ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DOSE RESPONSE; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; EFFECTOR CELL; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IN VITRO STUDY; INTERNALIZATION; MEMORY T LYMPHOCYTE; METASTATIC MELANOMA; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANIMALS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INTERLEUKIN-7; INTERLEUKIN-7 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT; T-LYMPHOCYTES; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 84861199413     PISSN: 10445323     EISSN: 10963618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.02.006     Document Type: Review

References (135)

1. Hofmeister R., Khaled A.R., Benbernou N., Rajnavolgyi E., Muegge K., Durum S.K. Interleukin-7: physiological roles and mechanisms of action. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 1999, 10:41-60.
2. Fry T.J., Mackall C.L. The many faces of IL-7: from lymphopoiesis to peripheral T cell maintenance. J Immunol 2005, 174:6571-6576.
3. Schluns K.S., Kieper W.C., Jameson S.C., Lefrancois L. Interleukin-7 mediates the homeostasis of naive and memory CD8T cells in vivo. Nat Immunol 2000, 1:426-432.
4. Tan J.T., Dudl E., LeRoy E., Murray R., Sprent J., Weinberg K.I., et al. IL-7 is critical for homeostatic proliferation and survival of naive T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:8732-8737.
5. Tan J.T., Ernst B., Kieper W.C., LeRoy E., Sprent J., Surh C.D. Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-7 jointly regulate homeostatic proliferation of memory phenotype CD8+ cells but are not required for memory phenotype CD4+ cells. J Exp Med 2002, 195:1523-1532.
6. Ferrari G., King K., Rathbun K., Place C.A., Packard M.V., Bartlett J.A., et al. IL-7 enhancement of antigen-driven activation/expansion of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp). Clin Exp Immunol 1995, 101:239-248.
7. Lynch D.H., Namen A.E., Miller R.E. In vivo evaluation of the effects of interleukins 2, 4 and 7 on enhancing the immunotherapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 1991, 21:2977-2985.
8. Sasson S.C., Smith S., Seddiki N., Zaunders J.J., Bryant A., Koelsch K.K., et al. IL-7 receptor is expressed on adult pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other B-cell derived neoplasms and correlates with expression of proliferation and survival markers. Cytokine 2010, 50:58-68.
9. hoZhang M., Drenkow J., Lankford C.S., Frucht D.M., Rabin R.L., Gingeras T.R., et al. HIV regulation of the IL-7R: a viral mechanism for enhancing HIV-1 replication in human macrophages in vitro. J Leukoc Biol 2006, 79:1328-1338.
10. Colle J.H., Moreau J.L., Fontanet A., Lambotte O., Joussemet M., Delfraissy J.F., et al. CD127 expression and regulation are altered in the memory CD8T cells of HIV-infected patients-reversal by highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Clin Exp Immunol 2006, 143:398-403.
11. MacPherson P.A., Fex C., Sanchez-Dardon J., Hawley-Foss N., Angel J.B. Interleukin-7 receptor expression on CD8(+) T cells is reduced in HIV infection and partially restored with effective antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001, 28:454-457.
12. Liu W., Putnam A.L., Xu-Yu Z., Szot G.L., Lee M.R., Zhu S., et al. CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4+ T reg cells. J Exp Med 2006, 203:1701-1711.
13. Seddiki N., Santner-Nanan B., Martinson J., Zaunders J., Sasson S., Landay A., et al. Expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 receptors discriminates between human regulatory and activated T cells. J Exp Med 2006, 203:1693-1700.
14. D'Cruz L.M., Rubinstein M.P., Goldrath A.W. Surviving the crash: transitioning from effector to memory CD8+ T cell. Semin Immunol 2009, 21:92-98.
15. Huster K.M., Busch V., Schiemann M., Linkemann K., Kerksiek K.M., Wagner H., et al. Selective expression of IL-7 receptor on memory T cells identifies early CD40L-dependent generation of distinct CD8+ memory T cell subsets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:5610-5615.
16. Bannard O., Kraman M., Fearon D. Pathways of memory CD8+ T-cell development. Eur J Immunol 2009, 39:2083-2087.
17. Goodwin R.G., Friend D., Ziegler S.F., Jerzy R., Falk B.A., Gimpel S., et al. Cloning of the human and murine interleukin-7 receptors: demonstration of a soluble form and homology to a new receptor superfamily. Cell 1990, 60:941-951.
18. Pleiman C.M., Gimpel S.D., Park L.S., Harada H., Taniguchi T., Ziegler S.F. Organization of the murine and human interleukin-7 receptor genes: two mRNAs generated by differential splicing and presence of a type I-interferon-inducible promoter. Mol Cell Biol 1991, 11:3052-3059.
19. Crawley A.M., Faucher S., Angel J.B. Soluble IL-7Ralpha (sCD127) inhibits IL-7 activity and is increased in HIV infection. J Immunol 2010, 184:4679-4687.
20. Carini C., McLane M.F., Mayer K.H., Essex M. Dysregulation of interleukin-7 receptor may generate loss of cytotoxic T cell response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Eur J Immunol 1994, 24:2927-2934.
21. Rose T., Lambotte O., Pallier C., Delfraissy J.F., Colle J.H. Identification and biochemical characterization of human plasma soluble IL-7R: lower concentrations in HIV-1-infected patients. J Immunol 2009, 182:7389-7397.
22. Rane L., Vudattu N., Bourcier K., Graniar E., Hillert J., Seyfert V., et al. J Neuroimmunol. Alternative splicing of interleukin-7 (IL-7) and interleukin-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Ralpha) in peripheral blood from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) 2010, 222:82-86.
23. Fernandez-Botran R. Soluble cytokine receptors: basic immunology and clinical applications. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1999, 36:165-224.
24. Fernandez-Botran R., Crespo F.A., Sun X. Soluble cytokine receptors in biological therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2002, 2:585-605.
25. Heaney M.L., Golde D.W. Soluble receptors in human disease. J Leukoc Biol 1998, 64:135-146.
26. Lang K.S., Recher M., Navarini A.A., Harris N.L., Lohning M., Junt T., et al. Inverse correlation between IL-7 receptor expression and CD8T cell exhaustion during persistent antigen stimulation. Eur J Immunol 2005, 35:738-745.
27. Koesters S.A., Alimonti J.B., Wachihi C., Matu L., Anzala O., Kimani J., et al. IL-7Ralpha expression on CD4(+) T lymphocytes decreases with HIV disease progression and inversely correlates with immune activation. Eur J Immunol 2006, 36:336-344.
28. Boutboul F., Puthier D., Appay V., Pelle O., Ait-Mohand H., Combadiere B., et al. Modulation of interleukin-7 receptor expression characterizes differentiation of CD8T cells specific for HIV, EBV and CMV. AIDS 2005, 19:1981-1986.
29. Golden-Mason L., Burton J.R., Castelblanco N., Klarquist J., Benlloch S., Wang C., et al. Loss of IL-7 receptor alpha-chain (CD127) expression in acute HCV infection associated with viral persistence. Hepatology 2006, 44:1098-1109.
30. Rethi B., Fluur C., Atlas A., Krzyzowska M., Mowafi F., Grutzmeier S., et al. Loss of IL-7Ralpha is associated with CD4 T-cell depletion, high interleukin-7 levels and CD28 down-regulation in HIV infected patients. AIDS 2005, 19:2077-2086.
31. Paiardini M., Cervasi B., Albrecht H., Muthukumar A., Dunham R., Gordon S., et al. Loss of CD127 expression defines an expansion of effector CD8+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals. J Immunol 2005, 174:2900-2909.
32. Colle J.H., Moreau J.L., Fontanet A., Lambotte O., Joussemet M., Jacod S., et al. Regulatory dysfunction of the interleukin-7 receptor in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients-effects of antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006, 42:277-285.
33. Vingerhoets J., Bisalinkumi E., Penne G., Colebunders R., Bosmans E., Kestens L., et al. Altered receptor expression and decreased sensitivity of T-cells to the stimulatory cytokines IL-2, IL-7 and IL-12 in HIV infection. Immunol Lett 1998, 61:53-61.
34. Zaunders J.J., Moutouh-de Parseval L., Kitada S., Reed J.C., Rought S., Genini D., et al. Polyclonal proliferation and apoptosis of CCR5+ T lymphocytes during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: regulation by interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, and Bcl-2. J Infect Dis 2003, 187:1735-1747.
35. Sasson S.C., Zaunders J.J., Zanetti G., King E.M., Merlin K.M., Smith D.E., et al. Increased Plasma Interleukin-7 Level Correlates with Decreased CD127 and Increased CD132 Extracellular Expression on T Cell Subsets in Patients with HIV-1 Infection. J Infect Dis 2006, 193:505-514.
36. Kryworuchko M., Pasquier V., Keller H., David D., Goujard C., Gilquin J., et al. Defective interleukin-2-dependent STAT5 signalling in CD8 T lymphocytes from HIV-positive patients: restoration by antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2004, 18:421-426.
37. Juffroy O., Bugault F., Lambotte O., Landires I., Viard J.P., Niel L., et al. Dual mechanism of impairment of interleukin-7 (IL-7) responses in human immunodeficiency virus infection: decreased IL-7 binding and abnormal activation of the JAK/STAT5 pathway. J Virol 2010, 84:96-108.
38. Camargo J.F., Kulkarni H., Agan B.K., Gaitan A.A., Beachy L.A., Srinivas S., et al. Responsiveness of T cells to interleukin-7 is associated with higher CD4(+) T cell counts in HIV-1-positive individuals with highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced viral load suppression. J Infect Dis 2009, 199:1872-1882.
39. Colle J.H., Moreau J.L., Fontanet A., Lambotte O., Delfraissy J.F., Theze J. The correlation between levels of IL-7Ralpha expression and responsiveness to IL-7 is lost in CD4 lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients. AIDS 2007, 21:101-103.
40. Benoit A., Abdkader K., Sirskyj D., Alhetheel A., Sant N., Diaz-Mitoma F., et al. Inverse association of repressor growth factor independent-1 with CD8 T cell interleukin (IL)-7 receptor [alpha] expression and limited signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling in response to IL-7 among [gamma]-chain cytokines in HIV patients. AIDS 2009, 23:1341-1347.
41. Bellistri G.M., Casabianca A., Merlini E., Orlandi C., Ferrario G., Meroni L., et al. Increased bone marrow interleukin-7 (IL-7)/IL-7R levels but reduced IL-7 responsiveness in HIV-positive patients lacking CD4+ gain on antiviral therapy. PLoS One 2010, 5:e15663.
42. O'Connor A.M., Crawley A.M., Angel J.B. Interleukin-7 enhances memory CD8(+) T-cell recall responses in health but its activity is impaired in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Immunology 2010, 131:525-536.
43. Vranjkovic A., Crawley A.M., Patey A., Angel J.B. IL-7-dependent STAT-5 activation and CD8+ T cell proliferation are impaired in HIV infection. J Leukoc Biol 2011, 89:499-506.
44. Vudattu N.K., Magalhaes I., Schmidt M., Seyfert-Margolis V., Maeurer M.J. Reduced numbers of IL-7 receptor (CD127) expressing immune cells and IL-7-signaling defects in peripheral blood from patients with breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2007, 121:1512-1519.
45. Sodora D.L., Silvestri G. Immune activation and AIDS pathogenesis. AIDS 2008, 22:439-446.
46. Mercier F., Boulassel M.R., Yassine-Diab B., Tremblay C., Bernard N.F., Sekaly R.P., et al. Persistent human immunodeficiency virus-1 antigenaemia affects the expression of interleukin-7Ralpha on central and effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Clin Exp Immunol 2008, 152:72-80.
47. Dunham R.M., Cervasi B., Brenchley J.M., Albrecht H., Weintrob A., Sumpter B., et al. CD127 and CD25 expression defines CD4+ T cell subsets that are differentially depleted during HIV infection. J Immunol 2008, 180:5582-5592.
48. Kiazyk S.A., Fowke K.R. Loss of CD127 expression links immune activation and CD4(+) T cell loss in HIV infection. Trends Microbiol 2008, 16:567-573.
49. Franchimont D., Galon J., Vacchio M.S., Fan S., Visconti R., Frucht D.M., et al. Positive effects of glucocorticoids on T cell function by up-regulation of IL-7 receptor alpha. J Immunol 2002, 168:2212-2218.
50. Alves N.L., van Leeuwen E.M., Derks I.A., van Lier R.A. Differential regulation of human IL-7 receptor alpha expression by IL-7 and TCR signaling. J Immunol 2008, 180:5201-5210.
51. Wherry E.J., Day C.L., Draenert R., Miller J.D., Kiepiela P., Woodberry T., et al. HIV-specific CD8 T cells express low levels of IL-7Ralpha: implications for HIV-specific T cell memory. Virology 2006, 353:366-373.
52. Zaunders J.J., Ip S., Munier M.L., Kaufmann D.E., Suzuki K., Brereton C., et al. Infection of CD127+ (interleukin-7 receptor+) CD4+ cells and overexpression of CTLA-4 are linked to loss of antigen-specific CD4 T cells during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 2006, 80:10162-10172.
53. Champagne P., Ogg G.S., King A.S., Knabenhans C., Ellefsen K., Nobile M., et al. Skewed maturation of memory HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytes. Nature 2001, 410:106-111.
54. Bai F., Bellistri G.M., Tincati C., Savoldi A., Pandolfo A., Bini T., et al. Reduced CD127 expression on peripheral CD4+ T cells impairs immunological recovery in course of suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2010, 24:2590-2593.
55. Okazaki H., Ito M., Sudo T., Hattori M., Kano S., Katsura Y., et al. IL-7 promotes thymocyte proliferation and maintains immunocompetent thymocytes bearing alpha beta or gamma delta T-cell receptors in vitro: synergism with IL-2. J Immunol 1989, 143:2917-2922.
56. Sawa Y., Arima Y., Ogura H., Kitabayashi C., Jiang J.J., Fukushima T., et al. Hepatic interleukin-7 expression regulates T cell responses. Immunity 2009, 30:447-457.
57. Durum S.K., Mazzucchelli R.I. Live from the liver: hepatocyte IL-7. Immunity 2009, 30:320-321.
58. Darcissac E.C., Vidal V., De La Tribonniere X., Mouton Y., Bahr G.M. Variations in serum IL-7 and 90K/Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2 BP) levels analysed in cohorts of HIV-1 patients and correlated with clinical changes following antiretroviral therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2001, 126:287-294.
59. Napolitano L.A., Grant R.M., Deeks S.G., Schmidt D., De Rosa S.C., Herzenberg L.A., et al. Increased production of IL-7 accompanies HIV-1-mediated T-cell depletion: implications for T-cell homeostasis. Nat Med 2001, 7:73-79.
60. Swainson L., Verhoeyen E., Cosset F.L., Taylor N. IL-7R alpha gene expression is inversely correlated with cell cycle progression in IL-7-stimulated T lymphocytes. J Immunol 2006, 176:6702-6708.
61. Vranjkovic A., Crawley A.M., Gee K., Kumar A., Angel J.B. IL-7 decreases IL-7 receptor alpha (CD127) expression and induces the shedding of CD127 by human CD8+ T cells. Int Immunol 2007, 19:1329-1339.
62. Beq S., Nugeyre M.T., Ho Tsong Fang R., Gautier D., Legrand R., Schmitt N., et al. IL-7 induces immunological improvement in SIV-infected rhesus macaques under antiviral therapy. J Immunol 2006, 176:914-922.
63. Park J.H., Yu Q., Erman B., Appelbaum J.S., Montoya-Durango D., Grimes H.L., et al. Suppression of IL7Ralpha transcription by IL-7 and other prosurvival cytokines: a novel mechanism for maximizing IL-7-dependent T cell survival. Immunity 2004, 21:289-302.
64. Sasson S., Zanetti G., Zaunders J., Mallon P., Cooper D., Kelleher A. IL-7 down-regulates surface expression of IL-7Ralpha in vitro and in vivo. 11th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections 2004.
65. Faller E., Kakal J., Kumar R., Macpherson P. IL-7 and the HIV Tat protein act synergistically to down-regulate CD127 expression on CD8T cells. Int Immunol 2009, 21:203-216.
66. Kim H.R., Hwang K.A., Kim K.C., Kang I. Down-regulation of IL-7Ralpha expression in human T cells via DNA methylation. J Immunol 2007, 178:5473-5479.
67. Chandele A., Joshi N.S., Zhu J., Paul W.E., Leonard W.J., Kaech S.M. Formation of IL-7Ralphahigh and IL-7Ralphalow CD8T cells during infection is regulated by the opposing functions of GABPalpha and Gfi-1. J Immunol 2008, 180:5309-5319.
68. Kim H.R., Hong M.S., Dan J.M., Kang I. Altered IL-7Ralpha expression with aging and the potential implications of IL-7 therapy on CD8+ T-cell immune responses. Blood 2006, 107:2855-2862.
69. Pearse B.M., Robinson M.S. Clathrin, adaptors, and sorting. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1990, 6:151-171.
70. Le Roy C., Wrana J.L. Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005, 6:112-126.
71. Morelon E., Dautry-Varsat A. Endocytosis of the common cytokine receptor gammac chain. Identification of sequences involved in internalization and degradation. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:22044-22051.
72. Marks M.S., Woodruff L., Ohno H., Bonifacino J.S. Protein targeting by tyrosine- and di-leucine-based signals: evidence for distinct saturable components. J Cell Biol 1996, 135:341-354.
73. Henriques C.M., Rino J., Nibbs R.J., Graham G.J., Barata J.T. IL-7 induces rapid clathrin-mediated internalization and JAK3-dependent degradation of IL-7Ralpha in T cells. Blood 2010, 115:3269-3277.
74. Levine S.J. Mechanisms of soluble cytokine receptor generation. J Immunol 2004, 173:5343-5348.
75. Levine S.J. Molecular mechanisms of soluble cytokine receptor generation. J Biol Chem 2008, 283:14177-14181.
76. Faller E.M., Sugden S.M., McVey M.J., Kakal J.A., MacPherson P.A. Soluble HIV Tat protein removes the IL-7 receptor alpha-chain from the surface of resting CD8T cells and targets it for degradation. J Immunol 2010, 185:2854-2866.
77. Xue H.H., Kovanen P.E., Pise-Masison C.A., Berg M., Radovich M.F., Brady J.N., et al. IL-2 negatively regulates IL-7 receptor alpha chain expression in activated T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, 99:13759-13764.
78. Navikas V., Link J., Wahren B., Persson C., Link H. Increased levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA expressing blood mononuclear cells in human HIV infection. Clin Exp Immunol 1994, 96:59-63.
79. Biglino A., Sinicco A., Forno B., Pollono A.M., Sciandra M., Martini C., et al. Serum cytokine profiles in acute primary HIV-1 infection and in infectious mononucleosis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996, 78:61-69.
80. Clerici M., Shearer G.M. A TH1→TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection. Immunol Today 1993, 14:107-111.
81. Crawley A.M., Vranjkovic A., Young C., Angel J.B. Interleukin-4 downregulates CD127 expression and activity on human thymocytes and mature CD8(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2010, 40:1396-1407.
82. Rosenzweig M., Bunting E.M., Gaulton G.N. Neonatal HIV-1 thymic infection. Leukemia 1994, 8(Suppl. 1):S163-S165.
83. Rosenzweig M., Bunting E.M., Damico R.L., Clark D.P., Gaulton G.N. Human neonatal thymic organ culture: an ex vivo model of thymocyte ontogeny and HIV-1 infection. Pathobiology 1994, 62:245-251.
84. Okamoto Y., Douek D., Koup R. Positive feedback on CXCR4-tropic HIV infection in the thymus is regulated through interleukin (IL)-7. 9th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections 2002.
85. Schmitt N., Nugeyre M.T., Scott-Algara D., Cumont M.C., Barre-Sinoussi F., Pancino G., et al. Differential susceptibility of human thymic dendritic cell subsets to X4 and R5 HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2006, 20:533-542.
86. Jenkins M., Hanley M.B., Moreno M.B., Wieder E., McCune J.M. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection interrupts thymopoiesis and multilineage hematopoiesis in vivo. Blood 1998, 91:2672-2678.
87. Rosenzweig M., Clark D.P., Gaulton G.N. Selective thymocyte depletion in neonatal HIV-1 thymic infection. AIDS 1993, 7:1601-1605.
88. Schnittman S.M., Denning S.M., Greenhouse J.J., Justement J.S., Baseler M., Kurtzberg J., et al. Evidence for susceptibility of intrathymic T-cell precursors and their progeny carrying T-cell antigen receptor phenotypes TCR alpha beta+and TCR gamma delta+to human immunodeficiency virus infection: a mechanism for CD4+ (T4) lymphocyte depletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990, 87:7727-7731.
89. Kitchen S.G., Zack J.A. CXCR4 expression during lymphopoiesis: implications for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the thymus. J Virol 1997, 71:6928-6934.
90. Guillemard E., Nugeyre M.T., Chene L., Schmitt N., Jacquemot C., Barre-Sinoussi F., et al. Interleukin-7 and infection itself by human immunodeficiency virus 1 favor virus persistence in mature CD4(+)CD8(-)CD3(+) thymocytes through sustained induction of Bcl-2. Blood 2001, 98:2166-2174.
91. Ye P., Kirschner D.E., Kourtis A.P. The thymus during HIV disease: role in pathogenesis and in immune recovery. Curr HIV Res 2004, 2:177-183.
92. Clark D.R., Ampel N.M., Hallett C.A., Yedavalli V.R., Ahmad N., DeLuca D. Peripheral blood from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients displays diminished T cell generation capacity. J Infect Dis 1997, 176:649-654.
93. Clerici M., Saresella M., Trabattoni D., Ferrante P., Vanzulli A., Vigano A. Thymic volume predicts long-term immune reconstitution in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2002, 16:2219-2221.
94. Sudo T., Nishikawa S., Ohno N., Akiyama N., Tamakoshi M., Yoshida H. Expression and function of the interleukin 7 receptor in murine lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993, 90:9125-9129.
95. Fry T.J., Mackall C.L. Interleukin-7: from bench to clinic. Blood 2002, 99:3892-3904.
96. Napolitano L.A., Stoddart C.A., Hanley M.B., Wieder E., McCune J.M. Effects of IL-7 on early human thymocyte progenitor cells in vitro and in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice. J Immunol 2003, 171:645-654.
97. Munitic I., Williams J.A., Yang Y., Dong B., Lucas P.J., El Kassar N., et al. Dynamic regulation of IL-7 receptor expression is required for normal thymopoiesis. Blood 2004, 104:4165-4172.
98. Young C.D., Angel J.B. Optimization of culture and storage conditions for an in vitro system to evaluate thymocyte phenotype and function. J Immunol Methods 2006, 312:157-166.
99. Kolte L., Rosenfeldt V., Vang L., Jeppesen D., Karlsson I., Ryder L.P., et al. Reduced thymic size but no evidence of impaired thymic function in uninfected children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011, 30:325-330.
100. Sasson S.C., Zaunders J.J., Kelleher A.D. The IL-7/IL-7 receptor axis: understanding its central role in T-cell homeostasis and the challenges facing its utilization as a novel therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2006, 7:1571-1582.
101. Fry T.J., Connick E., Falloon J., Lederman M.M., Liewehr D.J., Spritzler J., et al. A potential role for interleukin-7 in T-cell homeostasis. Blood 2001, 97:2983-2990.
102. Kitazawa H., Muegge K., Badolato R., Wang J.M., Fogler W.E., Ferris D.K., et al. IL-7 activates alpha4beta1 integrin in murine thymocytes. J Immunol 1997, 159:2259-2264.
103. Kimura K., Matsubara H., Sogoh S., Kita Y., Sakata T., Nishitani Y., et al. Role of glycosaminoglycans in the regulation of T cell proliferation induced by thymic stroma-derived T cell growth factor. J Immunol 1991, 146:2618-2624.
104. Clarke D., Katoh O., Gibbs R.V., Griffiths S.D., Gordon M.Y. Interaction of interleukin 7 (IL-7) with glycosaminoglycans and its biological relevance. Cytokine 1995, 7:325-330.
105. Faller E.M., McVey M.J., Kakal J.A., MacPherson P.A. Interleukin-7 receptor expression on CD8 T-cells is downregulated by the HIV Tat protein. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006, 43:257-269.
106. Vranjkovic A., Crawley A.M., Angel J.B. In vitro HIV type 1 infection indirectly alters CD127 expression on CD8(+) T cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011, In press.
107. Lundmark F., Duvefelt K., Iacobaeus E., Kockum I., Wallstrom E., Khademi M., et al. Variation in interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain (IL7R) influences risk of multiple sclerosis. Nat Genet 2007, 39:1108-1113.
108. Gregory S.G., Schmidt S., Seth P., Oksenberg J.R., Hart J., Prokop A., et al. Interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain (IL7R) shows allelic and functional association with multiple sclerosis. Nat Genet 2007, 39:1083-1091.
109. Limou S., Coulonges C., Do H., Vasilescu A., Labib T., Gut I., et al. Identification of an IL-7RA risk allele for rapid progression to AIDS: results of a genomic IL-7/IL-7RA study in the GRIV cohort. 15th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections 2008, [poster# 295].
110. Rajasuriar R., Booth D., Solomon A., Chua K., Spelman T., Gouillou M., et al. Biological determinants of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: the role of interleukin 7 and interleukin 7 receptor alpha and microbial translocation. J Infect Dis 2010, 202:1254-1264.
111. McKay F.C., Swain L.I., Schibeci S.D., Rubio J.P., Kilpatrick T.J., Heard R.N., et al. Haplotypes of the interleukin 7 receptor alpha gene are correlated with altered expression in whole blood cells in multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun 2008, 9:1-6.
112. Korte A., Kochling J., Badiali L., Eckert C., Andreae J., Geilen W., et al. Expression analysis and characterization of alternatively spliced transcripts of human IL-7Ralpha chain encoding two truncated receptor proteins in relapsed childhood all. Cytokine 2000, 12:1597-1608.
113. Booth D.R., Arthur A.T., Teutsch S.M., Bye C., Rubio J., Armati P.J., et al. Gene expression and genotyping studies implicate the interleukin 7 receptor in the pathogenesis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Mol Med 2005, 83:822-830.
114. Hoe E., McKay F.C., Schibeci S.D., Gandhi K., Heard R.N., Stewart G.J., et al. Functionally Significant Differences in Expression of Disease-Associated IL-7 Receptor {alpha} Haplotypes in CD4 T Cells and Dendritic Cells. J Immunol 2010, 184:2512-2517.
115. Chiappini E., Galli L., Azzari C., de Martino M. Interleukin-7 and immunologic failure despite treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy in children perinatally infected with HIV-1. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003, 33:601-604.
116. Janot-Sardet C., Assouline B., Cheynier R., Morre M., Beq S. A validated assay to measure soluble IL-7 receptor shows minimal impact of IL-7 treatment. J Immunol Methods 2009.
117. Lundstrom W, Walsh, S, Mackall, C. Soluble IL7 receptor alpha chain serves as a depot to prevent IL7 consumption. J Immunol 2011;186 (Meeting Abstract Supplement):57.51.
118. Liu X., Leung S., Wang C., Tan Z., Wang J., Guo T.B., et al. Crucial role of interleukin-7 in T helper type 17 survival and expansion in autoimmune disease. Nat Med 2010, 16:191-197.
119. Mazzucchelli R., Durum S.K. Interleukin-7 receptor expression: intelligent design. Nat Rev Immunol 2007, 7:144-154.
120. Abrams D., Levy Y., Losso M.H., Babiker A., Collins G., Cooper D.A., et al. Interleukin-2 therapy in patients with HIV infection. N Engl J Med 2009, 361:1548-1559.
121. Marchetti G., Meroni L., Molteni C., Taskaris G., Gazzola L., Galli M., et al. IL-7/IL-7 receptor system regulation following IL-2 immunotherapy in HIV-infected patients. Antivir Ther 2004, 9:447-452.
122. Bolotin E., Smogorzewska M., Smith S., Widmer M., Weinberg K. Enhancement of thymopoiesis after bone marrow transplant by in vivo interleukin-7. Blood 1996, 88:1887-1894.
123. Abdul-Hai A., Or R., Slavin S., Friedman G., Weiss L., Matsa D., et al. Stimulation of immune reconstitution by interleukin-7 after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice. Exp Hematol 1996, 24:1416-1422.
124. Mackall C.L., Fry T.J., Bare C., Morgan P., Galbraith A., Gress R.E. IL-7 increases both thymic-dependent and thymic-independent T-cell regeneration after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2001, 97:1491-1497.
125. Fry T.J., Christensen B.L., Komschlies K.L., Gress R.E., Mackall C.L. Interleukin-7 restores immunity in athymic T-cell-depleted hosts. Blood 2001, 97:1525-1533.
126. Sportes C., Gress R.E., Mackall C.L. Perspective on potential clinical applications of recombinant human interleukin-7. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009, 1182:28-38.
127. Nanjappa S.G., Kim E.H., Suresh M. Immunotherapeutic effects of IL-7 during a chronic viral infection in mice. Blood 2011, 117:5123-5132.
128. Pellegrini M., Calzascia T., Toe J.G., Preston S.P., Lin A.E., Elford A.R., et al. IL-7 engages multiple mechanisms to overcome chronic viral infection and limit organ pathology. Cell 2011, 144:601-613.
129. Capitini C.M., Chisti A.A., Mackall C.L. Modulating T-cell homeostasis with IL-7: preclinical and clinical studies. J Intern Med 2009, 266:141-153.
130. Rosenberg S.A., Sportes C., Ahmadzadeh M., Fry T.J., Ngo L.T., Schwarz S.L., et al. IL-7 administration to humans leads to expansion of CD8+ and CD4+ cells but a relative decrease of CD4+ T-regulatory cells. J Immunother 2006, 29:313-319.
131. Powell D.J., Dudley M.E., Robbins P.F., Rosenberg S.A. Transition of late-stage effector T cells to CD27+ CD28+ tumor-reactive effector memory T cells in humans after adoptive cell transfer therapy. Blood 2005, 105:241-250.
132. Levy Y., Lacabaratz C., Weiss L., Viard J.P., Goujard C., Lelievre J.D., et al. Enhanced T cell recovery in HIV-1-infected adults through IL-7 treatment. J Clin Invest 2009, 119:997-1007.
133. Sereti I., Dunham R.M., Spritzler J., Aga E., Proschan M.A., Medvik K., et al. IL-7 administration drives T cell-cycle entry and expansion in HIV-1 infection. Blood 2009, 113:6304-6314.
134. Leone A., Rohankhedkar M., Okoye A., Legasse A., Axthelm M.K., Villinger F., et al. Increased CD4+ T cell levels during IL-7 administration of antiretroviral therapy-treated simian immunodeficiency virus-positive macaques are not dependent on strong proliferative responses. J Immunol 2010, 185:1650-1659.
135. Fry T.J., Moniuszko M., Creekmore S., Donohue S.J., Douek D.C., Giardina S., et al. IL-7 therapy dramatically alters peripheral T-cell homeostasis in normal and SIV-infected nonhuman primates. Blood 2003, 101:2294-2299.