Soluble receptors in human disease

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 135-146

  Heaney, Mark L ^a   Golde, David W ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Agonist; Cytokine; Diagnosis; Hormone; Inhibitor; Therapy

Indexed keywords

ERYTHROPOIETIN; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; LEPTIN; MEMBRANE RECEPTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; GENE EXPRESSION; LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; LIGAND BINDING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; RNA SPLICING;

EID: 0031879125     PISSN: 07415400     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jlb.64.2.135     Document Type: Review

References (186)

1. Heaney, M. L., Golde, D. W. (1993) Soluble hormone receptors. Blood 82, 1945-1948.
2. Heaney, M. L., Golde, D. W. (1996) Soluble cytokine receptors. Blood 87, 847-857.
3. Rose-John, S., Ehlers, M., Grotzinger, J., Mullberg, J. (1995) The soluble interleukin-6 receptor. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 762, 207-220.
4. Rose-John, S., Heinrich, P. C. (1994) Soluble receptors for cytokines and growth factors: generation and biological function. Biochem. J. 300, 281-290.
5. Arend, W. P. (1995) Inhibiting the effects of cytokines in human diseases. Adv. Int. Med. 40, 365-394.
6. Diez-Ruiz, A., Tilz, G. P., Zangerle, R., Baier-Bitterlich, G., Wachter, H., Fuchs, D. (1995) Soluble receptors for tumour necrosis factor in clinical laboratory diagnosis. Eur. J. Haematol. 54, 1-8.
7. Dinarello, C. A. (1996) Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood 87, 2095-2147.
8. Hwang, C., Gatanaga, M., Granger, G., Gatanaga, T. (1993) Mechanism of release of soluble forms of tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin receptors by phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated human THP-1 cells in vitro. J. Immunol. 151, 5631-5638.
9. Kohno, T., Brewer, M. T., Baker, S. L., Schwartz, P. E., King, M. W., Hale, K. K., Squires, C. H., Thompson, R. C., Vannice, J. L. (1990) A second tumor necrosis factor receptor gene product can shed a naturally occurring tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 8331-8335.
10. Cheng, J., Zhou, T. Liu, C., Shapiro, J. P., Brauer, M. J., Kiefer, M. C., Barr, P. J., Mountz, J. D. (1994) Protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis by a soluble form of the Fas molecule. Science 263, 1759-1762.
11. Cascino, I., Fiucci, G., Papoff, G., Ruberti, G. (1995) Three functional soluble forms of the human apoptosis-inducing Fas molecule are produced by alternative splicing. J. Immunol. 154, 2706-2713.
12. Owen-Schaub, L. B., Angelo, L. S., Radinsky, R., Ware, C. F., Gesner, T. G., Bartos, D. P. (1995) Soluble Fas/APO-1 in tumor cells: a potential regulator of apoptosis? Cancer Lett. 94, 1-8.
13. Barker, P. A., Miller, F. D., Large, T. H., Murphy, R. A. (1991) Generation of the truncated form of the nerve growth factor receptor by rat Schwann cells. Evidence for post-translational processing. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19113-19119.
14. Zupan, A. A., Johnson, E., Jr. (1991) Evidence for endocytosis-dependent proteolysis in the generation of soluble truncated nerve growth factor receptors by A875 human melanoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15384-15390.
15. Hintzen, R. Q., de Jong, R., Hack, C. E., Chamuleau, M., de Vries, E. F. R., ten Berge, I. J. M., Borst, J., van Lier, R. A. W. (1991) A soluble form of the human T cell differentiation antigen CD27 is released after triggering of the TCR/CD3 complex. J. Immunol. 147, 29-35.
16. Josimovic-Alasevic, O., Durkop, H., Schwarting, R., Backe, E., Stein, H., Diamantstein, T. (1989) Ki-1 (CD30) antigen is released by Ki-1-positive tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 19, 157-162.
17. Pizzolo, G., Vinante, F. Chilosi, M., Dallenbach, F., Josimovic-Alasevic, O., Diamantstein, T. (1990) Serum levels of soluble CD30 molecule (Ki-1 antigen) in Hodgkin's disease: relationship with disease activity and clinical stage. Br. J. Haematol. 75, 282-284.
18. + tumors. J. Clin. Oncol. 15, 3355-3362.
19. Leung, D. W., Spencer, S. A., Cachianes, G., Hammonds, R. G., Collins, C., Henzel, W. J., Barnard, R., Waters, M. J., Wood, W. I. (1987) Growth hormone receptor and serum binding protein: purification, cloning and expression. Nature 330, 537-543.
20. Sotiropoulos, A., Goujon, L., Simonin, G., Kelly, P. A., Postel-Vinay, M. C., Finidori, J. (1993) Evidence for generation of the growth hormone-binding protein through proteolysis of the growth hormone membrane receptor. Endocrinol. 132, 1863-1865.
21. Dastot, F., Sobrier, M. L., Duquesnoy, P., Duriez, B., Goossens, M., Amselem, S. (1996) Alternatively spliced forms in the cytoplasmic domain of the human growth hormone (GH) receptor regulate its ability to generate a soluble GH-binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 10723-10728.
22. Heaney, M. L., Vera, J. C., Raines, M. A., Golde, D. (1995) Membrane-associated and soluble granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor receptor a subunits are independently regulated in HL-60 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 2365-2369.
23. Raines, M. A., Liu, L., Quan, S. G., Joe, V., DiPersio, J. F., Golde, D. W. (1991) Identification and molecular cloning of a soluble human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8203-8207.
24. Nakagawa, Y., Kosugi, H., Miyajima, A., Arai, K.-i., Yokata, T. (1994) Structure of the gene encoding the a subunit of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10905-10912.
25. Ashworth, A., Kraft, A. (1990) Cloning of a potentially soluble receptor for human GM-CSF. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 7178.
26. Hu, X., Emanuel, P. D., Zuckerman, K. S. (1994) Cloning and sequencing of the cDNAs encoding two alternative splicing-derived variants of the alpha subunit of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1223, 306-308.
27. Brown, C., Beaudry, P., Laing, T. D., Shoemaker, S., Kaushansky, K. (1995) In vitro characterization of the human recombinant soluble granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor. Blood 85, 1488-1495.
28. Barron, C., Migliaccio, A. R., Migliaccio, G., Jiang, Y. Adamson, J. W., Ottolenghi, S. (1994) Alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding soluble isoforms of the erythropoietin receptor in murine cell lines and bone marrow. Gene 147, 263-268.
29. Todokaro, K., Kuramochi, S., Nagasawa, T., Abe, T., Ikawa, Y. (1991) Isolation of a cDNA encoding a potential soluble receptor for human erythropoietin. Gene 106, 283-284.
30. Fujita, M., Takahashi, R., Kitada, K., Watanabe, R., Kitazawa, S., Ashoori, F. Liang, P., Saya, H., Serikawa, T., Maeda, S. (1997) Alternative splicing of the erythropoietin receptor gene correlates with erythroid differentiation in rat hematopoietic and leukemic cells. Cancer Lett. 112, 47-55.
31. Kaushansky, K., Broudy, V. C., Lin, N., Jorgensen, M. J., McCarty, J., Fox, N., Zucker-Franklin, D., Lofton-Day, C. (1995) Thrombopoietin, the Mpl ligand, is essential for full megakaryocyte development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 3234-3238.
32. Kobayashi, M., Laver, J. H., Kato, T., Miyazaki, H., Ogawa, M. (1995) Recombinant human thrombopoietin (Mpl ligand) enhances proliferation of erythroid progenitors. Blood 86, 2494-2499.
33. Ku, H., Hirayama, F. Kato, T., Miyazaki, H., Aritomi, M., Ota, Y., D'Andrea, A. D., Lyman, S. D., Ogawa, M. (1996) Soluble thrombopoietin receptor (Mpl) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor directly stimulate proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitors of mice in synergy with steel factor or the ligand of Flt3/Flk2. Blood 88, 4124-4131.
34. Fukunaga, R., Ishizaka-Ikeda, E., Nagata, S. (1990) Purification and characterization of the receptor for murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 14008-14015.
35. Arend, W. P., Malyak, M., Smith, M., Jr., Whisenand, T. D., Slack, J. L., Sims, J. E., Giri, J. G., Dower, S. K. (1994) Binding of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist by soluble IL-1 receptors and levels of soluble IL-1 receptors in synovial fluids. J. Immunol. 153, 4766-4774.
36. Burger, D., Chicheportiche, R., Giri, J. G., Dayer, J. M. (1995) The inhibitory activity of human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is enhanced by type II interleukin-1 soluble receptor and hindered by type I interleukin-1 soluble receptor. J. Clin. Invest. 96, 38-41.
37. Liu, C., Hart, R. P., Liu, X. J., Clevenger, W., Maki, R. A., De Souza, E. B. (1996) Cloning and characterization of an alternatively processed human type II interleukin-1 receptor mRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20965-20972.
38. Rubin, L. A., Nelson, D. L. (1990) The soluble interleukin-2 receptor: biology, function, and clinical application. Ann. Intern. Med. 113, 619-637.
39. Rubin, L. A., Kurman, C. C., Fritz, M. E., Biddison, W. E., Boulin, B., Yarchoan, R., Nelson, D. L. (1985) Soluble interleukin 2 receptors are released from activated human lymphoid cells in vitro. J. Immunol. 135, 3172-3177.
40. Robb, R. J., Kutny, R. M. (1987) Structure-function relationships for the IL 2-receptor system. J. Immunol. 139, 855-862.
41. Zorn, U., Dallmann, I., Grosse, J., Kirchner, H., Poliwoda, H., Atzpodien, J. (1994) Soluble interleukin 2 receptors abrogate IL-2 induced activation of peripheral mononuclear cells. Cytokine 6, 358-364.
42. Mosley, B., Beckmann, M. P. (1989) The murine interleukin-4 receptor: molecular cloning and characterization of secreted and membrane bound forms. Cell 59, 335-348.
43. Sempowski, G. D., Beckmann, M. P., Derdak, S., Phipps, R. P. (1994) Subsets of murine lung fibroblasts express membrane-bound and soluble IL-4 receptors. Role of IL-4 in enhancing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. J. Immunol. 152, 3606-3614.
44. Sato, T. A., Widmer, M. B., Finkelman, F. D., Madani, H., Jacobs, C. A., Grabstein, K. H., Maliszewski, C. R. (1993) Recombinant soluble murine IL-4 receptor can inhibit or enhance IgE responses in vivo. J. Immunol. 150, 2717-2723.
45. Blum, A., Miller, H. (1997) Serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor in acute myocardial infarction and in acute heart failure [letter; comment]. Circulation 95, 1670-1671.
46. Takaki, S., Tominaga, A., Hitoshi, Y., Mita, S., Sonada, E., Yamaguchi, N., Takatsu, K. (1990) Molecular cloning and expression of the murine interleukin-5 receptor. EMBO J. 9, 4367-4374.
47. Tavernier, J., Devos, R., Cornelis, S., Tuypens, T., Van der Heyden, J., Fiers, W., Plaetinck, G. (1991) A human high affinity interleukin-5 receptor (IL5R) is composed of an IL5-speeific alpha chain and a beta chain shared with the receptor for GM-CSF. Cell 66, 1175-1184.
48. Tavernier, J., Tuypens, T., Plaetinck, G., Verhee, A., Fiers, W., Devos, R. (1992) Molecular basis of the membrane-anchored and two soluble isoforms of the human interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 7041-7045.
49. Tsuruoka, N., Yamashiro, K., Tsujimoto, M. (1993) Purification of soluble murine interleukin 5 (IL-5) receptor alpha expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and its action as an IL-5 antagonist. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 307, 133-137.
50. Goodwin, R. G., Friend, D., Ziegler, S. F., Jerzy, R., Falk, B. A., Gimpel, S., Cosman, D., Dower, S. K., March, C. J., Namen, A. E., Park, L. S. (1990) Cloning of the human and murine interleukin-7 receptors: demonstration of a soluble form and homology to a new receptor superfamily. Cell 60, 941-951.
51. Mullberg, J., Schooltink, H., Stoyan, T., Gunther, M., Graeve, L., Buse, G., Mackiewicz, A., Heinrich, P. C., Rose-John, S. (1993) The soluble interleukin-6 receptor is generated by shedding. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 473-480.
52. Mullberg, J., Oberthur, W., Lottspeich, F., Mehl, E., Dittrich, E., Graeve, L., Heinrich, P. C., Rose-John, S. (1994) The soluble human IL-6 receptor. Mutational characterization of the proteolytic cleavage site. J. Immunol. 152, 4958-4968.
53. Lust, J. A., Donovan, K. A., Kline, M. P., Greipp, P. R., Kyle, R. A., Maihle, N. J. (1992) Isolation of an mRNA encoding a soluble form of the human interleukin-6 receptor. Cytokine 4, 96-100.
54. Horiuchi, S., Koyanagi, Y., Zhou, Y., Miyamoto, H., Tanaka, Y., Waki, M., Matsumoto, A., Yamamoto, M., Yamamoto, N. (1994) Soluble interleukin-6 receptors released from T cell or granulocyte/macrophage cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are generated through an alternative splicing mechanism. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 1945-1948.
55. Muller-Newen, G., Kohne, C., Keul, R., Hemmann, U., Muller-Esterl, W., Wijdenes, J., Brakenhoff, J. P., Hart, M. H., Heinrich, P. C. (1996) Purification and characterization of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor from human plasma and identification of an isoform generated through alternative splicing. Eur. J.Biochem. 236, 837-842.
56. Taga, T., Hibi, M., Hirata, Y., Yamasaki, K., Yasukawa, K., Matsuda, T., Hirano, T., Kishimoto, T. (1989) Interleukin-6 triggers the association of its receptor with a possible signal transducer, gp130. Cell 58, 573-581.
57. Narazaki, M., Yasukawa, K., Saito, T., Ohsugi, Y., Fukui, H., Koishihara, Y., Yancopoulos, G. D., Taga, T., Kishimoto, T. (1993) Soluble forms of the interleukin-6 signal-transducing receptor component gp130 in human serum possessing a potential to inhibit signals through membrane-anchored gp130. Blood 82, 1120-1126.
58. Yasukawa, K., Futatsugi, K., Saito, T., Yawata, H., Narazaki, M., Suzuki, H., Taga, T., Kishimoto, T. (1992) Association of recombinant soluble IL-6-signal transducer, gp130, with a complex of IL 6 and soluble IL-6 receptor, and establishment of an ELISA for soluble gp130. Immunol. Lett. 31, 123-130.
59. Diamant, M., Rieneck, K., Mechti, N., Zhang, X. G., Svenson, M., Bendtzen, K., Klein, B. (1997) Cloning and expression of an alternatively spliced mRNA encoding a soluble form of the human interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130. FEBS Lett. 412, 379-384.
60. Davis, S., Aldrich, T. H., Valenzuela, D. M., Wong, V., Furth, M. E., Squinto, S. P., Yancopoulos, G. D. (1991) The receptor for cliary neurotrophic factor. Science 253, 59-63.
61. Davis, S., Aldrich, T. H., Ip, N. Y., Stahl, N., Scherer, S., Farruggella, T., DiStefano, P. S., Curtis, R., Panayotatos, N., Gascan, H., Chevalier, S., Yancopoulous, G. D. (1993) Released form of CNTF receptor α component as a soluble mediator of CNTF responses. Science 259, 1736-1739.
62. Layton, M. J., Cross, B. A., Metcalf, D., Ward, L. D., Simpson, R. J., Nicola, N. A. (1992) A major binding protein for leukemia inhibitory factor in normal mouse serum: identification as a soluble form of the cellular receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 8616-8620.
63. Tomida, M., Yamamoto-Yamaguchi, Y., Hozumi, M. (1993) Pregnancy associated increase in mRNA for soluble D-factor/LIF receptor in mouse liver. FEBS Lett. 334, 193-197.
64. Tomida, M., Yamamoto-Yamaguchi, Y., Hozumi, M. (1994) Three different cDNAs encoding mouse D-factor/LIF receptor. J. Biochem. 115, 557-562.
65. Gearing, D. P., Thut, C. J., VandeBos, T., Gimpel, S. D., Delaney, P. B., King, J., Price, V., Cosman, D., Beckmann, M. P. (1991) Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor is structurally related to the IL-6 signal transducer, gp130. EMBO J. 10, 2839-2848.
66. Tomida, M. (1997) Presence of mRNAs encoding the soluble D-factor/LIF receptor in human choriocarcinoma cells and production of the soluble receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 232, 427-431.
67. Chen, H., Charlat, O., Tartaglia, L. A., Woolf, E. A., Weng, X., Ellis, S. J., Lakey, N. D., Culpepper, J., Moore, K. J., Breitbart, R. E., Duyk, G. M., Tepper, R. L. Morgenstern, J. P. (1996) Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mice. Cell 84, 491-495.
68. Lee, G., Proenca, R., Montez, J. M., Carroll, K. M., Darvishzadeh, J. G., Lee, J. I., Friedman, J. M. (1996) Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature 379, 632-635.
69. Takaya, K., Ogawa, Y., Isse, N., Okazaki, T., Satoh, N., Masuzaki, H., Mori, K., Tamura, N., Hosoda, K., Nakao, K. (1996) Molecular cloning of rat leptin receptor isoform complementary DNAs - identification of a missense mutation in Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 225, 75-83.
70. Liu, C., Liu, X. J., Barry, G., Ling, N., Maki, R. A., De Souza, E. B. (1997) Expression and characterization of a putative high affinity human soluble leptin receptor. Endocrinol. 138, 3548-3554.
71. Robb, L., Hilton, D. J., Willson, T. A., Begley, C. G. (1996) Structural analysis of the gene encoding the murine interleukin-11 receptor α-chain and a related locus. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 13754-13761.
72. Curtis, D. J., Hilton, D. J., Roberts, B., Murray, L., Nicola, N., Begley, C. G. (1997) Recombinant soluble interleukin-11 (IL-11) receptor a-chain can act as an IL-11 antagonist. Blood 90, 4403-4412.
73. Gearing, D. P., Cosman, D. (1991) Homology of the p40 subunit of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF) with the extracellular domain of the interleukin-6 receptor. Cell 66, 9-10.
74. Trinchieri, G. (1994) Interleukin-12: a cytokine produced by antigen-presenting cells with immunoregulatory functions in the generation of T-helper cells type 1 and cytotoxic lymphocytes. Blood 84, 4008-4027.
75. Gillessen, S., Carvajal, D., Ling, P., Podlaski, F. J., Stremlo, D. L., Familletti, P. C., Gubler, U., Presky, D. H., Stern, A. S., Gately, M. K. (1995) Mouse interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 homodimer: a potent IL-12 antagonist. Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 200-206.
76. Ling, P., Gately, M. K., Gubler, U., Stern, A. S., Lin, P., Hollfelder, K., Su, C., Pan, Y.-C. E., Hakami, J. (1995) Human IL-12 p40 homodimer binds to the IL-12 receptor but does not mediate biologic activity. J. Immunol. 154, 116-127.
77. Wypych, J., Bennett, L. G., Schwartz, M. G., Clogston, C. L., Lu, H. S., Broudy, V. C., Bartley, T. D., Parker, V. P., Langley, K. E. (1995) Soluble kit receptor in human serum. Blood 85, 66-73.
78. Vandenbark, G. R., deCastro, C. M., Taylor, H., Dew-Knight, S., Kaufman, R. E. (1992) Cloning and structural analysis of the human c-kit gene. Oncogene 7, 1259-1266.
79. Broudy, V. C. (1997) Stem cell factor and hematopoiesis. Blood 90, 1345-1364.
80. Abramovich, C., Ratovitski, E., Lundgren, E., Revel, M. (1994) Identification of mRNAs encoding two different soluble forms of the human interferon alpha-receptor. FEBS Lett. 338, 295-300.
81. Novick, D., Cohen, B., Rubinstein, M. (1994) The human interferon alpha/beta receptor: characterization and molecular cloning. Cell 77, 391-400.
82. Haziot, A., Chen, S., Ferrero, E., Low, M. G., Silber, R., Goyert, S. M. (1988) The monocyte differentiation antigen, CD14, is anchored to the cell membrane by a phosphatidylinositol linkage. J. Immunol. 141, 547-552.
83. Haziot, A., Rong, G. W., Lin, X., Silver, J., Goyert, S. M. (1995) Recombinant soluble CD14 prevents mortality in mice treated with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). J. Immunol. 154, 6529-6532.
84. Frey, E. A., Miller, D. S., Gullstein Jahr, T., Sundan, A., Bazil, V., Espevik, T., Finlay, B. B., Wright, S. D. (1992) Soluble CD14 participates in the response of cells to lipopolysaccharide. J. Exp. Med. 176, 1665-1671.
85. Durieux, J.-J., Vita, N., Popescu, O., Guette, F., Calzada-Wack, J., Munker, R., Schmidt, R. E., Lupker, J., Ferrara, P., Ziegler-Heitbrock, Labeta, M. O. (1994) The two soluble forms of the lipopolysaccharide receptor, CD14: characterization and release by normal human monocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 2006-2012.
86. Yoon, S. H., Fearon, D. T. (1985) Characterization of a soluble form of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) in human plasma. J. Immunol. 134, 3332-3338.
87. Danielsson, C., Pascual, M., French, L., Steiger, G., Schifferli, J. A. (1994) Soluble complement receptor type 1 (CD35) is released from leukocytes by surface cleavage. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 2725-2731.
88. Haynes, B. F., Hale, L. P., Patton, K. L., Martin, M. E., McCallum, R. (1991) Measurement of an adhesion molecule as an indicator of inflammatory disease activity. Arthritis Rheumatol. 34, 1434-1443.
89. Hoffmann, J. C., Dengler, T. J., Knolle, P. A., Albert-Wolf, M., Roux, M., Wallich, R., Meuer, S. C. (1993) A soluble form of the adhesion receptor CD58 (LFA-3) is present in human body fluids. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 3003-3010.
90. Nakajima, T., Sarfati, M., Delespesse, G. (1987) Relationship between human IgE-binding factors (IgE-BF) and lymphocyte receptors for IgE. J. Immunol. 139, 848-854.
91. Sarfati, M., Bron, D., Lagneaux, L., Fonteyn, C., Frost, H., Delespesse, G. (1988) Elevation of IgE-binding factors in serum of patients with B cell-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 71, 94-98.
92. Fridman, W. H., Teillaud, J. L., Bouchard, C., Teillaud, C., Astier, A., Tartour, E., Galon, J., Mathiot, C., Sautes, C. (1993) Soluble Fc gamma receptors. J. Leukoc. Biol. 54, 504-512.
93. Seth, R., Raymond, F. D., Makgoba, M. W. (1991) Circulating ICAM-1 isoforms: diagnostic prospects for inflammatory and immune disorders. Lancet 338, 83-84.
94. Rothlein, R., Mainolfi, E. A., Czajkowski, M., Marlin, S. D. (1991) A form of circulating ICAM-1 in human serum. J. Immunol. 147, 3788-3793.
95. Greve, J. M., Davis, G., Meyer, A. M., Forte, C. P., Connolly Yost, S., Marlor, C. W., Kamarch, M. E., McClelland, A. (1989) The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1. Cell 56, 839-847.
96. Pino-Otin, M. R., Vinas, O., de la Fuente, M. A., Juan, M., Font, J., Torradeflot, M., Pallares, L., Lozano, F., Alberola-Ila, J., Matorell, J., Yague, J., Vives, J., Gaya, A. (1995) Existence of a soluble form of CD50 (intercellular adhesion molecule-3) produced upon human lymphocyte activation. J. Immunol. 154, 3015-3024.
97. Lopez-Casillas, F., Cheifetz, S., Doody, J., Andres, J. L., Lane, W. S., Massague, J. (1991) Structure and expression of the membrane proteoglycan betaglycan, a component of the TGF-β receptor system. Cell 67, 785-795.
98. Wang, X., Lin, H. Y., Ng-Eaton, E., Downward, J., Lodish, H. F., Weinberg, R. A. (1991) Expression cloning and characterization of the TGF-B type III receptor. Cell 67, 797-805.
99. Basu, A., Raghunath, M., Bishayee, S., Das, M. (1989) Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor by a truncated receptor form that binds to EGF: role for inter-receptor interaction in kinase regulation. Mol. Cell Biol. 9, 671-677.
100. Maihle, N. J., Flickinger, T. W., Raines, M. A., Sanders, M. L., Kung, H.-J. (1991) Native avian c-erbB gene expresses a secreted protein product corresponding to the ligand-binding domain of the receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 1825-1829.
101. Petch, L. A., Harris, J., Raymond, V. W., Blasband, A., Lee, D. C., Earp, H. S. (1990) A truncated, secreted form of the epidermal growth factor receptor is encoded by an alternatively spliced transcript in normal rat tissue. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 2973-2982.
102. Flickinger, T. W., Maihle, N. J., Kung, H. J. (1992) An alternatively processed mRNA from the avian c-erbB gene encodes a soluble, truncated form of the receptor that can block ligand-dependent transformation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 883-893.
103. Kendall, R. L., Thomas, K. A. (1993) Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 10705-10709.
104. Tiesman, J., Hart, C. E. (1993) Identification of a soluble receptor for platelet-derived growth factor in cell-conditioned medium and human plasma. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 9621-9628.
105. Hanneken, A., Ying, W., Ling, N., Baird, A. (1994) Identification of soluble forms of the fibroblast growth factor receptor in blood. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 9170-9174.
106. Downing, J. R., Roussel, M. F., Sherr, C. J. (1989) Ligand and protein kinase C down-modulate the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor by independent mechaninsms. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 2890-2896.
107. Costa, M., Bellosta, P., Basilico, C. (1996) Cleavage and release of a soluble form of the receptor tyrosine kinase ARK in vitro and in vivo. J. Cell. Physiol. 168, 737-744.
108. Yabkowitz, R., Meyer, S., Yanagihara, D., Brankow, D., Staley, T. Elliott, G., Hu, S., Ratzkin, B. (1997) Regulation of tie receptor expression on human endothelial cells by protein kinase C-mediated release of soluble tie. Blood 90, 706-715.
109. Papa, V., Russo, P., Gliozzo, B., Goldfine, I. D., Vigneri, R., Pezzino, V. (1993) An intact and functional soluble form of the insulin receptor is secreted by cultured cells. Endocrinol. 133, 1369-1376.
110. Confort, C., Rochefort, H., Vignon, F. (1995) Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) stimulate the release of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and soluble IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor from MCF7 breast cancer cells. Endocrinol. 136, 3759-3766.
111. Fernandez-Botran, R., Vitetta, E. S. (1991) Evidence that natural murine soluble interleukin 4 receptors may asct as transport proteins. J. Exp. Med. 174, 673-681.
112. Blum, H., Wolf, M., Enssle, K., Rollinghoff, M., Gessner, A. (1996) Two distinct stimulus-dependent pathways lead to production of soluble murine interleukin-4 receptor. J. Immunol. 157, 1846-1853.
113. Gasson, J. C. (1991) Molecular physiology of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood 77, 1131-1145.
114. Baumann, G., Stolar, M. W., Amburn, K., Barsano, C. P., DeVries, B. C. (1986) A specific growth hormone-binding protein in human plasma: initial characterization. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 62, 134-141.
115. Baumann, G., Shaw, M. A., Buchanan, T. A. (1989) In vivo kinetics of a covalent growth hormone-binding protein complex. Metabolism 38, 330-333.
116. Veldhuis, J. D., Johnson, M. L., Faunt, L. M., Mercado, M., Baumann, G. (1993) Influence of the high-affinity growth hormone (GH)-binding protein on plasma profiles of free and bound GH and on the apparent half-life of GH. J. Clin. Invest. 91, 629-641.
117. Murray, E. W., Pihl, C., Morcos, A., Brown, C. R. (1996) Ligand-independent cell surface expression of the human soluble granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor α subunit depends on co-expression of the membrane-associated receptor β subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 15330-15335.
118. Aderka, D., Engelmann, H., Maor, Y., Brakebusch, C., Wallach, D. (1992) Stabilization of the bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor by its soluble receptors. J. Exp. Med. 175, 323-329.
119. Frieling, J. T., Sauerwein, R. W., Wijdenes, J., Hendriks, T., van der Linden, C. J. (1994) Soluble interleukin 6 receptor in biological fluids from human origin. Cytokine 6, 376-381.
120. Lantz, M., Bjornberg, F., Olsson, I., Richter, J. (1994) Adherence of neutrophils induces release of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor forms. J. Immunol. 152, 1362-1369.
121. Higuchi, M., Aggarwal, B. B. (1994) TNF induces internalization of the p60 receptor and shedding of the p80 receptor. J. Immunol. 152, 3550-3558.
122. Chilton, P. M., Fernandez-Botran, R. (1993) Production of soluble IL-4 receptors by murine spleen cells is regulated by T cell activation and IL-4. J. Immunol. 151, 5907-5917.
123. Gessner, A., Schroppel, K., Will, A., Enssle, K. H., Lauffer, L., Rollinghoff, M. (1994) Recombinant soluble interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor acts as an antagonist of IL-4 in murine cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Infect. Immun. 62, 4112-4117.
124. Yasruel, Z., Humbert, M., Kotsimbos, T. C., Ploysongsang, Y., Minshall, E., Durham, S. R., Pfister, R., Menz, G., Tavernier, J., Kay, A. B., Hamid, Q. (1997) Membrane-bound and soluble alpha IL-5 receptor mRNA in the bronchial mucosa of atopic and nonatopic asthmatics. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 155, 1413-1418.
125. Frieling, J. T., van Deuren, M., Wijdenes, J., van Dalen, R., Bartelink, A. K., van der Linden, C. J., Sauerwein, R. W. (1996) Interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor during acute meningococcal infections: effect of plasma or whole blood exchange. Crit. Care Med. 24, 1801-1805.
126. Cichy, J., Rose-John, S., Pryjma, J., Travis, J. (1996) Effect of soluble interleukin-6 receptor on interleukin-6 synthesis in human skin fibroblasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 227, 318-321.
127. Modur, V., Li, Y., Zimmerman, G. A., Prescott, S. M., McIntyre, T. M. (1997) Retrograde inflammatory signaling from neutrophils to endothelial cells by soluble interleukin-6 receptor alpha. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 2752-2756.
128. Maliszewski, C. R., Morrissey, P. J., Fanslow, W. C., Sato, T. A., Willis, C., Davison, B. (1992) Delayed allograft rejection in mice transgenic for a soluble form of the IL-4 receptor. Cell. Immunol. 143, 434-448.
129. Maliszewski, C. R., Sato, T. A., Davison, B., Jacobs, C. A., Finkelman, F. D., Fanslow, W. C. (1994) In vivo biological effects of recombinant soluble interleukin-4 receptor. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 206, 233-237.
130. Peters, M., Meyer zum Buschenfelde, K. H., Rose-John, S. (1996) The function of the soluble IL-6 receptor in vivo. Immunol. Lett. 54, 177-184.
131. Magram, J., Connaughton, S. E., Warrier, R. R., Carvajal, D. M., Wu, C., Ferrante, J., Stewart, C., Sarmiento, U., Faherty, D. A., Gately, M. K. (1996) IL-12-deficient mice are defective in IFNγ production and type 1 cytokine responses. Immunity 4, 471-481.
132. Barral-Netto, M., Barral, A., Santos, S. B., Carvalho, E. M., Badaro, R., Rocha, H., Reed, S. G., Johnson, W., Jr. (1991) Soluble IL-2 receptor as an agent of serum-mediated suppression in human visceral leishmamasis. J. Immunol. 147, 281-284.
133. Gooding, L. R. (1992) Virus proteins that counteract host immune defenses. Cell 71, 5-7.
134. Alcami, A., Smith, G. L. (1992) A soluble receptor for interleukin-1β encoded by vaccinia virus: a novel mechanism of virus modulation of the host response to infection. Cell 71, 153-167.
135. Spriggs, M. K., Hruby, D. E., Maliszewski, C. R., Pickup, D. J., Sims, J. E., Buller, R. M. L. (1992) Vaccinia and cowpox viruses encode a novel secreted interleukin-1-binding protein. Cell 71, 145-152.
136. Symons, J. A., Alcami, A., Smith, G. L. (1995) Viccinia virus encodes a soluble type I interferon receptor of novel structure and broad species specificity. Cell 81, 551-560.
137. Smith, C. A., Davis, T., Anderson, D., Solam, L., Beckmann, M. P., Jerzy, R., Dower, S. K., Cosman, D., Goodwin, R. G. (1990) A receptor for tumor necrosis factor defines an unusual family of cellular and viral proteins. Science 248, 1019-1023.
138. Alcami, A., Smith, G. L. (1995) Vaccinia, cowpox, and camelpox viruses encode soluble gamma interferon receptors with novel broad species specificity. J. Virol. 69, 4633-4639.
139. Alcami, A., Smith, G. L. (1996) A mechanism for the inhibition of fever by a virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 11029-11034.
140. Blum, A., Sclarovsky, S., Rehavia, E., Shohat, B. (1994) Levels of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, interleukin-1 beta, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in acute myocardial infarction. Am. Heart J. 127, 1226-1230.
141. Fawcett, P. T., Rose, C. D., Proujansky, R., Gibney, K. M., Molloy, D. M., Doughty, R. A. (1993) Serial measurement of soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels: an early indicator of treatment response for Lyme disease. J. Rheumatol. 20, 996-998.
142. Spear, M. L., Stefano, J. L., Fawcett, P., Proujansky, R. (1995) Soluble interleukin-2 receptor as a predictor of neonatal sepsis [see comments]. J. Pediatr. 126, 982-985.
143. Cohen-Kaminsky, S., Jacques, Y., Aime, C., Safar, D., Morel, E., Berrih-Aknin, S. (1992) Follow-up of soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels after thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 62, 190-198.
144. Symons, J. A., Wood, N. C., Di Giovone, F. S., Duff, G. W. (1988) Soluble IL-2 receptor in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Immunol. 141, 2612-2618.
145. Viviani, S., Salvini, P. M., Bidoli, P., Camerini, E., Spinazze, S., Arienti, F., Rivoltini, L., Motta, V. (1993) Chronic effects of subcutaneous interleukin-2 therapy on soluble interleukin-2 receptors in advanced small cell lung cancer. Int. J. Biol. Markers 8, 21-24.
146. Berghella, A. M., Pellegrini, P., Piancatelli, D., Maccarone, D., Del Beato, T., Giubilei, D., Pomidori, A., Adorno, D., Casciani, C. U. (1994) Progression mechanisms in colon cancer: soluble interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, IL-2 plus anti-CD3 proliferative response and tumour stage correlations. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 38, 160-166.
147. Sharma, S., Saha, K., Shinghal, R. N., Malik, G. B. (1991) Serum soluble interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor levels in women with breast carcinoma and its correlation with IL-2 receptor expression on blood lymphocytes and lymphocytic infiltration within the tumour. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 33, 198-202.
148. Barton, D. P., Blanchard, D. K., Michelini-Norris, B., Nicosia, S. V., Cavanagh, D., Djeu, J. Y. (1993) High serum and ascitic soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha levels in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Blood 81, 424-429.
149. Barton, D. P., Blanchard, D. K., Wells, A. F., Nicosia, S. V., Roberts, W. S., Cavanagh, D., Djeu, J. Y. (1994) Expression of interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha) mRNA and protein in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Anticancer Res. 14, 761-772.
150. Nassberger, L., Traskman-Bendz, L. (1993) Increased soluble interleukin-2 receptor concentrations in suicide attempters. Acta Psych. Scand. 88, 48-52.
151. Brivio, F., Lissoni, P., Mancini, D., Tisi, E., Tancini, G., Barni, S., Nociti, V. (1991) Effect of antitumor surgery on soluble interleukin-2 receptor serum levels. Am. J. Surg. 161, 466-469.
152. Kamihira, S., Atogami, S., Sohda, H., Momita, S., Yamada, Y., Tomonaga, M. (1994) Significance of soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels for evaluation of the progression of adult T-cell leukemia. Cancer 73, 2753-2758.
153. Bernengo, M. G., Fierro, M. T., Novelli, M., Lisa, F. Appino, A. (1993) Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in Sezary syndrome: its origin and clinical application. Br. J. Dermatol. 128, 124-129.
154. Ambrosetti, A., Nadali, G., Vinante, F., Ricetti, M. M., Todeschini, G., Morosato, L., de Sabata, D., Bergamo Andreis, I. A., Chilosi, M., Semenzato, G., et al. (1993) Soluble interleukin-2 receptor in hairy-cell leukemia: a reliable marker of disease. Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res. 23, 34-37.
155. Beguin, Y., Lampertz, S., De Groote, D., Igot, D., Malaise, M., Fillet, G. (1993) Soluble CD23 and other receptors (CD4, CD8, CD25, CD71) in serum of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 7, 2019-2025.
156. Kersten, M. J., Evers, L. M., Dellemijn, P. L. I., Portegies, P., Hintzen, R. Q., van Lier, R. A. W., von dem Borne, A. E. G. K., van Oers, R. H. J. (1996) Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid soluble CD27 levels in patients with meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies. Blood 87, 1985-1989.
157. Sarfati, M., Chevret, S., Chastang, C., Biron, G., Stryckmans, P., Delespesse, G., Binet, J., Merle-Beral, H., Bron, D. (1996) Prognostic importance of serum soluble CD23 level in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 88, 4259-4264.
158. Kalinkovich, A., Engelmann, H., Harpaz, N., Burstein, R., Barak, V., Kalickman, I., Wallach, D., Bentwich, Z. (1992) Elevated serum levels of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-R) in patients with HIV infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 89, 351-355.
159. Barcellini, W., Rizzardi, G. P., Poli, G., Tambussi, G., Velati, C., Meroni, P. L., Dalgleish, A. G., Lazzarin, A. (1996) Cytokines and soluble receptor changes in the transition from primary to early chronic HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 12, 325-331.
160. Hestdal, K., Aukrust, P., Muller, F., Lien, E., Bjerkeli, V., Espevik, T., Froland, S. S. (1997) Dysregulation of membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor-α and tumor necrosis factor receptors on mononuclear cells in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: low percentage of p75-tumor necrosis factor receptor positive cells in patients with advanced disease and high viral load. Blood 90, 2670-2679.
161. Thea, D. M., Porat, R., Nagimbi, K., Baangi, M., St. Louis, M. E., Kaplan, G., Dinarello, C. A., Keusch, G. T. (1996) Plasma cytokines, cytokine antagonists, and disease progression in African women infected with HIV-1. Ann. Intern. Med. 124, 757-762.
162. Bilello, J. A., Stellrecht, K., Drusano, G. L., Stein, D. S. (1996) Soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor type II (sTNF alpha RII) correlates with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA copy number in HIV-infected patients. J.Infect. Dis. 173, 464-467.
163. Salles, G., Bienvenu, J., Bastion, Y., Barbier, Y., Doche, C., Warzocha, K., Gutowski, M. C., Rieux, C., Coiffier, B. (1996) Elevated circulating levels of TNFalpha and its p55 soluble receptor are associated with an adverse prognosis in lymphoma patients. Br. J. Haematol. 93, 352-359.
164. Warzocha, K., Salles, G., Bienvenu, J., Bastion, Y., Dumontet, C., Renard, N., Neidhardt-Berard, E., Coiffier, B. (1997) Tumor necrosis factor ligand-receptor system can predict treatment outcome in lymphoma patients. J. Clin. Oncol 15, 499-508.
165. Ohtani, K., Ninomiya, H., Hasegawa, Y., Kobayashi, T., Kojima, H., Nagasawa, T., Abe, T. (1995) Clinical significance of elevated soluble interleukin-6 receptor levels in the sera of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias [see comments]. Br. J. Haematol. 91, 116-120.
166. Gaillard, J. P., Bataille, R., Brailly, H., Zuber, C., Yasukawa, K., Attal, M., Maruo, N., Taga, T., Kishimoto, T., Klein, B. (1993) Increased and highly stable levels of functional soluble interleukin-6 receptor in sera of patients with monoclonal gammopathy. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 820-824.
167. Kyrtsonis, M. C., Dedoussis, G., Zervas, C., Perifanis, V., Baxevanis, C., Stamatelou, M., Maniatis, A. (1996) Soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), a new prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Br. J. Haematol. 93, 398-400.
168. Tamura, T., Udagawa, N., Takahashi, N., Miyaura, C., Tanaka, S., Yamada, Y., Koishihara, Y., Ohsugi, Y., Kumaki, K., Taga, T., et al. (1993) Soluble interleukin-6 receptor triggers osteoclast formation by interleukin 6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11924-11928.
169. Franchimont, N., Durant, D., Canalis, E. (1997) Interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor regulate the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 in osteoblast cultures. Endocrinol. 138, 3380-3386.
170. Atkins, M. B., Robertson, M. J., Gordon, M., Lotze, M. T., DeCoste, M., DuBois, J. S., Ritz, J., Sandler, A. B., Edington, H. D., Garzone, P. D., Mier, J. W., Canning, C. M., Battiato, L. Tahara, H., Sherman, M. L. (1997) Phase I evaluation of intravenous recombinant human interleukin 12 in patients with advanced malignancies. Clin. Cancer Res. 3, 409-417.
171. Leonard, J. P., Sherman, M. L., Fisher, G. L., Buchanan, L. J., Larsen, G., Atkins, M. B., Sosman, J. A., Dutcher, J. P., Vogelzang, N. J., Ryan, J. L. (1997) Effects of single-dose interleukin-12 exposure on interleukin-12 associated toxicity and interferon-γ production. Blood 90, 2541-2548.
172. Girardin, E., Roux-Lombard, P., Grau, G. E., Suter, P., Gallati, H., Dayer, J. M. (1992) Imbalance between tumour necrosis factor-alpha and soluble TNF receptor concentrations in severe meningococcaemia. The J5 Study Group. Immunol. 76, 20-23.
173. Ashkenazi, A., Marsters, S. A., Capon, D. J., Chamow, S. M., Figari, I. S., Pennica, D., Goeddel, D. V., Palladino, M. A., Smith, D. H. (1991) Protection against endotoxic shock by a tumor necrosis factor receptor immunoadhesin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10535-10539.
174. Evans, T. J., Moyes, D., Carpenter, A., Martin, R., Loetscher, H., Lesslauer, W., Cohen, J. (1994) Protective effect of 55-but not 75-kD soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-immunoglobulin G fusion proteins in an animal model of gram-negative sepsis. J. Exp.Med. 180, 2173-2179.
175. Hale, K. K., Smith, C. G., Baker, S. L., Vanderslice, R. W., Squires, C. H., Gleason, T. M., Tucker, K. K., Kohno, T., Russell, D. A. (1995) Multifunctional regulation of the biological effects of TNF-alpha by the soluble type I and type II TNF receptors. Cytokine 7, 26-38.
176. Fisher, C. J., Jr., Agosti, J. M., Opal, S. M., Lowry, S. F., Balk, R. A., Sadoff, J. C., Abraham, E., Schein, R. M., Benjamin, E. (1996) Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein. The Soluble TNF Receptor Sepsis Study Group [see comments]. N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 1697-1702.
177. Anderson, J. A., Knott, A. W., Wilson, M. A., Garrison, R. N., Sims, D. E., Edwards, M. J. (1995) The effect of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-II on endotoxin-mediated hemodynamic instability. J. Surg. Res. 58, 53-57.
178. Welborn, M. B. R., Van Zee, K., Edwards, P. D., Pruitt, J. H., Kaibara, A., Vauthey, J. N., Rogy, M., Castleman, W. L., Lowry, S. F., Kenney, J. S., et al. (1996) A human tumor necrosis factor p75 receptor agonist stimulates in vitro T cell proliferation but does not produce inflammation or shock in the baboon. J. Exp. Med. 184, 165-171.
179. van der Poll, T., Coyle, S. M., Levi, M., Jansen, P. M., Dentener, M., Barbosa, K., Buurman, W. A., Hack, C. E., ten Cate, J. W., Agosti, J. M., Lowry, S. F. (1997) Effect of a recombinant dimeric tumor necrosis factor receptor on inflammatory responses to intravenous endotoxin in normal humans. Blood 89, 3727-3734.
180. Moreland, L. W., Baumgartner, S. W., Schiff, M. H., Tindall, E. A., Fleischmann, R. M., Weaver, A. L., Ettlinger, R. E., Cohen, S., Koopman, W. J., Mohler, K., Widmer, M. B., Blosch, C. M. (1997) Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein [see comments]. N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 141-147.
181. Tomassini, J. E., Graham, D., DeWitt, C. M., Lineberger, D. W., Rodkey, J. A., Colonno, R. J. (1989) cDNA cloning reveals that the major group rhinovirus receptor on HeLa cells is intercellular adhesion molcule 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 4907-4911.
182. Staunton, D. E., Merluzzi, V. J., Rothlein, R., Barton, R., Marlin, S. D., Springer, T. A. (1989) A cell adhesion molecule, ICAM-1, is the major surface receptor for rhinoviruses. Cell 56, 849-853.
183. Greve, J. M., Forte, C. P., Marlor, C. W., Meyer, A. M., Hoover-Litty, H., Wunderlich, D., McClelland, A. (1991) Mechanisms of receptor-mediated rhinovims neutralization defined by two soluble forms of ICAM-1. J. Virol. 65, 6015-6023.
184. Huguenel, E. D., Cohn, D., Dockum, D. P., Greve, J. M., Fournel, M. A., Hammond, L., Irwin, R., Mahoney, J., McClelland, A., Muchmore, E., Ohlin, A. C., Scuderi, P. (1997) Prevention of rhinovirus infection in chimpanzees by soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 155, 1206-1210.
185. Auguste, P., Robledo, O., Olivier, C., Froger, J., Praloran, V., Pouplard-Barthelaix, A., Gascan, H. (1996) Alanine substitution for Thr268 and Asp269 of soluble ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor alpha component defines a specific antagonist for the CNTF response. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 26049-26056.
186. Economides, A. N., Ravetch, J. V., Yancopoulos, G. D., Stahl, N. (1995) Designer cytokines: targeting actions to cells of choice. Science 270, 1351-1353.