Deconstructing the Relationship Between Corporate Social and Financial Performance

Journal of Business Ethics

Volumn 102, Issue SUPPL., 2011, Pages 59-76

  Perrini, Francesco ^a   Russo, Angeloantonio ^b   Tencati, Antonio ^a   Vurro, Clodia ^a  

^a BOCCONI UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^b Libera Università Mediterranea   (Italy)

Author keywords

Corporate social performance; Corporate social responsibility; CSP CFP link; Multiple bottom line; Stakeholder theory

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858703429     PISSN: 01674544     EISSN: 15730697     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10551-011-1194-1     Document Type: Article

References (250)

1. Abbott, W. F., & Monsen, R. J. (1979). On the measurement of corporate social responsibility: Self-reported disclosures as a method of measuring corporate social involvement. Academy of Management Journal, 22(3), 501-515.
2. Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S.-W. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17-40.
3. Aguilera, R. V., Rupp, D. E., Williams, C. A., & Ganapathi, J. (2007). Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multilevel theory of social change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 836-863.
4. Alexander, G. J., & Buchholz, R. A. (1978). Corporate social responsibility and stock market performance. Academy of Management Journal, 21(3), 479-486.
5. Ambec, S., & Lanoie, P. (2008). Does it pay to be green? A systematic overview. Academy of Management Perspectives, 22(4), 45-62.
6. Anderson, J. C., & Frankle, A. W. (1980). Voluntary social reporting: An iso-beta portfolio analysis. Accounting Review, 55(3), 467-479.
7. Aragón-Correa, J. A., & Sharma, S. (2003). A contingent resource-based view of proactive corporate environmental strategy. Academy of Management Review, 28(1), 71-88.
8. Araujo, L., & Easton, G. (1999). A relational resource perspective on social capital. In R. Th. A. J. Leenders, & S. M. Gabbay (Eds.), Corporate social capital and liability (pp. 68-87). Norwell, MA: Kluwer.
9. Arlow, P., & Gannon, M. J. (1982). Social responsiveness, corporate structure, and economic performance. Academy of Management Review, 7(2), 235-241.
10. Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), 446-463.
11. Austin, J. E. (2000a). The collaboration challenge: How nonprofits and businesses succeed through strategic alliances. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
12. Austin, J. E. (2000b). Strategic collaboration between nonprofits and businesses. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 29(Supplement 1), 69-97.
13. Austin, J. E., Reficco, E., & the SEKN Team. (2004). Social partnering in Latin America: Lessons drawn from collaborations of businesses and civil society organizations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies.
14. Bansal, P. (2005). Evolving sustainably: A longitudinal study of corporate sustainable development. Strategic Management Journal, 26(3), 197-218.
15. Bansal, P., & Clelland, I. (2004). Talking trash: Legitimacy, impression management, and unsystematic risk in the context of the natural environment. Academy of Management Journal, 47(1), 93-103.
16. Barnett, M. L. (2007). Stakeholder influence capacity and the variability of financial returns to corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 794-816.
17. Barnett, M. L., & Salomon, R. (2006). Beyond dichotomy: The curvilinear relationship between social responsibility and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 27(11), 1101-1122.
18. Bauer, R., Derwall, J., & Otten, R. (2007). The ethical mutual fund performance debate: New evidence from Canada. Journal of Business Ethics, 70(2), 111-124.
19. Bear, S., Rahman, N., & Post, C. (2010). The impact of board diversity and gender composition on corporate social responsibility and firm reputation. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(2), 207-221.
20. Berens, G., van Riel, C. B. M., & van Bruggen, G. H. (2005). Corporate associations and consumer product responses: The moderating role of corporate brand dominance. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 35-48.
21. Berry, L. L., Mirabito, A. M., & Baun, W. B. (2010). What's the hard return on employee wellness programs? Harvard Business Review, 88(12), 104-112.
22. Bhattacharya, C. B., Korschun, D., & Sen, S. (2009). Strengthening stakeholder-company relationships through mutually beneficial corporate social responsibility initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(Supplement 2), 257-272.
23. Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer-company identification: A framework for understanding consumers' relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76-88.
24. Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2004). Doing better at doing good: When, why, and how consumers respond to social initiatives. California Management Review, 47(1), 9-24.
25. Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S., & Korschun, D. (2008). Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(2), 37-44.
26. Biong, H., Nygaard, A., & Silkoset, R. (2010). The influence of retail management's use of social power on corporate ethical values, employee commitment, and performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(3), 341-363.
27. Blacconiere, W. G., & Northcut, W. D. (1997). Environmental information and market reactions to environmental legislation. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 12(2), 149-178.
28. Blacconiere, W. G., & Patten, D. M. (1994). Environmental disclosures, regulatory costs, and changes in firm value. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 18(3), 357-377.
29. Bonini, S., Brun, N., & Rosenthal, M. (2009, February). Valuing corporate social responsibility. McKinsey Quarterly, 1-9.
30. Bowie, N. E. (2006). Stakeholder dialogues as a governance mechanism. TransAtlantic Business Ethics Conference. Philadelphia, PA: The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
31. Bowman, E. H., & Haire, M. (1975). A strategic posture toward corporate social responsibility. California Management Review, 18(2), 49-58.
32. Bragdon, J. H., & Marlin, J. A. T. (1972). Is pollution profitable? Risk Management, 19(4), 9-18.
33. Brammer, S. J., & Pavelin, S. (2006). Corporate reputation and social performance: The importance of fit. Journal of Management Studies, 43(3), 435-455.
34. Brown, T. J., & Dacin, P. A. (1997). The company and the product: Corporate associations and consumer product responses. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68-84.
35. Brugmann, J., & Prahalad, C. K. (2007). Cocreating business's new social compact. Harvard Business Review, 85(2), 80-90.
36. Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
37. Caldwell, C., & Hansen, M. H. (2010). Trustworthiness, governance, and wealth creation. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(2), 173-188.
38. Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business & Society, 38(3), 268-295.
39. Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85-105.
40. Carter, C. R. (2000a). Ethical issues in international buyer-supplier relationships: A dyadic examination. Journal of Operations Management, 18(2), 191-208.
41. Carter, C. R. (2000b). Precursors of unethical behaviour in global supplier management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 36(1), 45-56.
42. Carter, C. R., Auskalnis, R. J., & Ketchum, C. L. (1999). Purchasing from minority business enterprises: Key success factors. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 35(1), 28-32.
43. Carter, C. R., & Carter, J. R. (1998). Interorganizational determinants of environmental purchasing: Initial evidence from the consumer product industries. Decision Sciences, 29(3), 659-684.
44. Carter, C. R., & Dresner, M. (2001). Purchasing's role in environmental management: Cross-functional development of grounded theory. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 37(3), 12-27.
45. Carter, C. R., & Jennings, M. M. (2002a). Logistics social responsibility: An integrative framework. Journal of Business Logistics, 23(1), 145-180.
46. Carter, C. R., & Jennings, M. M. (2002b). Social responsibility and supply chain relationships. Transportation Research Part E, 38(1), 37-52.
47. Castaldo, S., Perrini, F., Misani, N., & Tencati, A. (2009). The missing link between corporate social responsibility and consumer trust: The case of Fair Trade products. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(1), 1-15.
48. Choi, J., & Wang, H. (2009). Stakeholder relations and the persistence of corporate financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30(8), 895-907.
49. Christmann, P. (2000). Effects of "best practices" of environmental management on cost advantage: The role of complementary assets. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 663-680.
50. Clarkson, M. B. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117.
51. Cochran, P. L., & Wood, R. A. (1984). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 27(1), 42-56.
52. Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(Supplement), S95-S120.
53. Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
54. Cooper, R. W., Frank, G. L., & Kemp, R. A. (2000). A multinational comparison of key ethical issues, helps and challenges in the purchasing and supply management profession: The key implications for business and the professions. Journal of Business Ethics, 23(1), 83-100.
55. Cummings, J. L., & Doh, J. P. (2000). Identifying who matters: Mapping key players in multiple environments. California Management Review, 42(2), 83-104.
56. Davis, K. (1973). The case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities. Academy of Management Journal, 16(2), 312-322.
57. Davis, A. L., & Rothstein, H. R. (2006). The effects of the perceived behavioral integrity of managers on employee attitudes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(4), 407-419.
58. Devinney, T. M. (2009). Is the socially responsible corporation a myth? The good, the bad, and the ugly of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(2), 44-56.
59. Di Giulio, A., Migliavacca, P., & Tencati, A. (2011). Corporate social performance and cost of capital: A meaningful relationship? In A. Tencati & F. Perrini (Eds.), Business ethics and corporate sustainability (pp. 132-146). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
60. Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91.
61. Drake, M. J., & Schlachter, J. T. (2008). A virtue-ethics analysis of supply chain collaboration. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 851-864.
62. Dunlop, A. (1998). Corporate governance and control. London: CIMA Publishing.
63. Dye, R. A. (1985). Disclosure of nonproprietary information. Journal of Accounting Research, 23(1), 123-145.
64. Elkington, J. (2006). Governance for sustainability. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 14(6), 522-529.
65. Emmelhainz, M. A., & Adams, R. J. (1999). The apparel industry response to "sweatshop" concerns: A review and analysis of codes of conduct. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 35(3), 51-57.
66. Etzion, D. (2007). Research on organizations and the natural environment, 1992-present: A review. Journal of Management, 33(4), 637-664.
67. EU CSR Alliance Laboratory on Corporate Social Responsibility and the Market Valuation of Non-Financial Performance. (2010). Valuing non-financial performance: A European framework for company and investor dialogue. Brussels: CSR Europe.
68. Fassin, Y., & van Rossem, A. (2009). Corporate governance in the debate on CSR and ethics: Sensemaking of social issues in management by authorities and CEOs. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(5), 573-593.
69. Fogler, H. R., & Nutt, F. (1975). A note on social responsibility and stock valuation. Academy of Management Journal, 18(1), 155-160.
70. Folkes, V. S., & Kamins, M. A. (1999). Effects of information about firms' ethical and unethical actions on consumers' attitudes. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 8(3), 243-259.
71. Fombrun, C., & Shanley, M. (1990). What's in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 33(2), 233-258.
72. Frank, R. H. (2004). What price the moral high ground? Ethical dilemmas in competitive environments. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
73. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston, MA: Pitman.
74. Freeman, R. E., Martin, K., & Parmar, B. (2007). Stakeholder capitalism. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), 303-314.
75. Freeman, R. E., & Velamuri, S. R. (2006). A new approach to CSR: Company stakeholder responsibility. In A. Kakabadse & M. Morsing (Eds.), Corporate social responsibility: Reconciling aspiration with application (pp. 9-23). Houndmills, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
76. Friedman, M. (1970, September 13). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. (Reprinted from Perspectives in business ethics, 3rd ed., pp. 280-285, by L. P. Hartman, Ed., 2005, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill).
77. Garriga, E., & Melé, D. (2004). Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1-2), 51-71.
78. Ghoshal, S. (2005). Bad management theories are destroying good management practices. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4(1), 75-91.
79. Glaeser, E. L., Laibson, D., & Sacerdote, B. (2000). The economic approach to social capital. NBER working paper series. Cambridge, MA, 7728.
80. Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research. (2007). Introducing GS SUSTAIN. New York, NY: The Goldman Sachs Group.
81. Gond, J.-P., & Crane, A. (2010). Corporate social performance disoriented: Saving the lost paradigm? Business & Society, 49(4), 677-703.
82. Googins, B. K., & Rochlin, S. A. (2000). Creating the partnership society: Understanding the rhetoric and reality of cross-sectoral partnerships. Business and Society Review, 105(1), 127-144.
83. Grant, A. M. (2007). Relational job design and the motivation to make a prosocial difference. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 393-417.
84. Grant, A. M., Dutton, J. E., & Rosso, B. D. (2008). Giving commitment: Employee support programs and the prosocial sensemaking process. Academy of Management Journal, 51(5), 898-918.
85. Graves, S. B., & Waddock, S. A. (2000). Beyond built to last Stakeholder relations in "built-to-last" companies. Business and Society Review, 105(4), 393-418.
86. Gray, R., Owen, D., & Adams, C. (1996). Accounting and accountability: Changes and challenges in corporate social and environmental reporting. London: Prentice Hall.
87. Grayson, D., & Hodges, A. (2004). Corporate social opportunity! 7 steps to make corporate social responsibility work for your business. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.
88. Greening, D. W., & Turban, D. B. (2000). Corporate social performance as a competitive advantage in attracting a quality workforce. Business & Society, 39(3), 254-280.
89. Griffin, J. J., & Mahon, J. F. (1997). The corporate social performance and corporate financial performance debate: Twenty-five years of incomparable research. Business & Society, 36(1), 5-31.
90. Habisch, A., Meister, H.-P., & Schmidpeter, R. (Eds.). (2001). Corporate citizenship as investing in social capital. Berlin: Logos Verlag.
91. Harjoto, M. A., & Jo, H. (2011). Corporate governance and CSR nexus. Journal of Business Ethics, 100(1), 45-67.
92. Harrison, J. S., & Freeman, R. E. (1999). Stakeholders, social responsibility, and performance: Empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives. Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 479-485.
93. Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986-1014.
94. Hart, S. L., & Ahuja, G. (1996). Does it pay to be green? An empirical examination of the relationship between emission reduction and firm performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 5(1), 30-37.
95. Hart, S. L., & Milstein, M. B. (2003). Creating sustainable value. Academy of Management Executive, 17(2), 56-67.
96. Hemingway, C. A., & Maclagan, P. W. (2004). Managers' personal values as drivers of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(1), 33-44.
97. Hoffman, A. J. (2000). Competitive environmental strategy: A guide to the changing business landscape. Washington, DC: Island Press.
98. Hollender, J., & Breen, B. (2010). The responsibility revolution: How the next generation of businesses will win. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
99. Holmes, S., & Moir, L. (2007). Developing a conceptual framework to identify corporate innovations through engagement with non-profit stakeholders. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 7(4), 414-422.
100. Horváthová, E. (2010). Does environmental performance affect financial performance? A meta-analysis. Ecological Economics, 70(1), 52-59.
101. Howard-Grenville, J. A., & Hoffman, A. J. (2003). The importance of cultural framing to the success of social initiatives in business. Academy of Management Executive, 17(2), 70-84.
102. Integrated Reporting Committee (IRC) of South Africa. (2011). Framework for integrated reporting and the integrated report. Johannesburg: IRC of South Africa.
103. Jamali, D. (2008). A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility: A fresh perspective into theory and practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(1), 213-231.
104. Jamali, D. (2010). MNCs and international accountability standards through an institutional lens: Evidence of symbolic conformity or decoupling. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(4), 617-640.
105. Jamali, D., Safieddine, A. M., & Rabbath, M. (2008). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility synergies and interrelationships. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 16(5), 443-459.
106. Janney, J. J., & Gove, S. (2011). Reputation and corporate social responsibility aberrations, trends, and hypocrisy: Reactions to firm choices in the stock option backdating scandal. Journal of Management Studies, 48(7), 1562-1585.
107. Jensen, M. C. (2001). Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 14(3), 8-21.
108. Jones, T. M. (1995). Instrumental stakeholder theory: A synthesis of ethics and economics. Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 404-437.
109. Jones, R., & Murrell, A. J. (2001). Signaling positive corporate social performance: An event study of family-friendly firms. Business & Society, 40(1), 59-78.
110. Judge, W. Q., Jr., & Douglas, T. J. (1998). Performance implications of incorporating natural environmental issues into the strategic planning process: An empirical assessment. Journal of Management Studies, 35(2), 241-262.
111. Kanter, R. M. (1999). From spare change to real change: The social sector as beta site for business innovation. Harvard Business Review, 77(3), 122-132.
112. Kaptein, M., & van Tulder, R. (2003). Toward effective stakeholder dialogue. Business and Society Review, 108(2), 203-224.
113. Kern, I., Sachs, S., & Rühli, E. (2007). Stakeholder relations and maintaining the licence to operate: A comparative case study of the Swiss telecommunications industry. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 7(4), 446-454.
114. King, A. A., & Lenox, M. J. (2000). Industry self-regulation without sanctions: The chemical industry's Responsible Care program. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 698-716.
115. King, A. A., & Lenox, M. J. (2001). Does it really pay to be green? An empirical study of firm environmental and financial performance. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 5(1), 105-116.
116. Kolk, A. (2003). Trends in sustainability reporting by the Fortune Global 250. Business Strategy and the Environment, 12(5), 279-291.
117. Kotler, P., & Lee, N. (2005). Corporate social responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and your cause. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
118. KPMG. (2008). KPMG international survey of corporate responsibility reporting 2008. Amstelveen, The Netherlands: KPMG International.
119. Lee, M.-D. P. (2008). A review of the theories of corporate social responsibility: Its evolutionary path and the road ahead. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(1), 53-73.
120. Letza, S., Sun, X., & Kirkbride, J. (2004). Shareholding versus stakeholding: A critical review of corporate governance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 12(3), 242-262.
121. Lev, B. (1992). Information disclosure strategy. California Management Review, 34(4), 9-32.
122. Lev, B., Petrovits, C., & Radhakrishnan, S. (2010). Is doing good good for you? How corporate charitable contributions enhance revenue growth. Strategic Management Journal, 31(2), 182-200.
123. Li, S., Rao, S. S., Ragu-Nathan, T. S., & Ragu-Nathan, B. (2005). Development and validation of a measurement instrument for studying supply chain management practices. Journal of Operations Management, 23(6), 618-641.
124. Lichtenstein, D. R., Drumwright, M. E., & Braig, B. M. (2004). The effects of corporate social responsibility on customer donations to corporate-supported nonprofits. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 16-32.
125. Lim, S.-J., & Phillips, J. (2008). Embedding CSR values: The global footwear industry's evolving governance structure. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 143-156.
126. Lothe, S., Myrtveit, I., & Trapani, T. (1999). Compensation systems for improving environmental performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 8(6), 313-321.
127. Luo, X., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2006). Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, and market value. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 1-18.
128. Maak, T. (2007). Responsible leadership, stakeholder engagement, and the emergence of social capital. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), 329-343.
129. Maak, T., & Pless, N. M. (2006). Responsible leadership in a stakeholder society-A relational perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 66(1), 99-115.
130. Maignan, I., Ferrell, O. C., & Hult, G. T. M. (1999). Corporate citizenship: Cultural antecedents and business benefits. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 455-469.
131. Maignan, I., Hillebrand, B., & McAlister, D. (2002). Managing socially-responsible buying: How to integrate non-economic criteria into the purchasing process. European Management Journal, 20(6), 641-648.
132. Maloni, M. J., & Brown, M. E. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in the supply chain: An application in the food industry. Journal of Business Ethics, 68(1), 35-52.
133. Mamic, I. (2005). Managing global supply chain: The sports footwear, apparel and retail sectors. Journal of Business Ethics, 52(1-2), 81-100.
134. Marcus, A. A., & Fremeth, A. R. (2009). Green management matters regardless. Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3), 17-26.
135. Margolis, J. D., Elfenbein, H. A., & Walsh, J. P. (2007). Does it pay to be good? A meta-analysis and redirection of research on the relationship between corporate social and financial performance. Boston, MA: The Stakeholder Marketing Consortium, Boston University.
136. Margolis, J. D., & Walsh, J. P. (2003). Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48(2), 268-305.
137. Marin, L., Ruiz, S., & Rubio, A. (2009). The role of identity salience in the effects of corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(1), 65-78.
138. McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2000). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Correlation or misspecification? Strategic Management Journal, 21(5), 603-609.
139. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. S., & Wright, P. M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: Strategic implications. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1), 1-18.
140. Melnyk, S. A., Sroufe, R. P., & Calantone, R. (2003). Assessing the impact of environmental management systems on corporate environmental performance. Journal of Operations Management, 21(3), 329-351.
141. Min, H., & Galle, W. P. (2001). Green purchasing practices of US firms. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(9), 1222-1238.
142. Mirvis, P., & Googins, B. (2006). Stages of corporate citizenship. California Management Review, 48(2), 104-126.
143. Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853-886.
144. Moore, G. (2004). The fair trade movement: parameters, issues and future research. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1-2), 73-86.
145. Moskowitz, M. R. (1972). Choosing socially responsible stocks. Business and Society Review, 1, 71-75.
146. Murphy, P. R., Poist, R. F., & Braunschwieg, C. D. (1994). Management of environmental issues in logistics: Current status and future potential. Transportation Journal, 34(1), 48-56.
147. Murray, K. B., & Vogel, C. M. (1997). Using a hierarchy-of-effects approach to gauge the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility to generate goodwill toward the firm: Financial versus nonfinancial impacts. Journal of Business Research, 38(2), 141-159.
148. Nehrt, C. (1996). Timing and intensity effects of environmental investments. Strategic Management Journal, 17(7), 535-547.
149. New, S. (2010). The transparent supply chain. Harvard Business Review, 88(10), 76-82.
150. Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C. K., & Rangaswami, M. R. (2009). Why sustainability is now the key driver of innovation. Harvard Business Review, 87(9), 56-64.
151. O'Dwyer, B. (2005). The construction of a social account: A case study in an overseas aid agency. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 30(3), 279-296.
152. Orlitzky, M., & Benjamin, J. D. (2001). Corporate social performance and firm risk: A meta-analytic review. Business & Society, 40(4), 369-396.
153. Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies, 24(3), 403-441.
154. Paine, L. S. (1994). Managing for organizational integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2), 106-117.
155. Paine, L. S. (2003). Value shift: Why companies must merge social and financial imperatives to achieve superior performance. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
156. Paldam, M. (2000). Social capital: One or many? Definition and measurement. Journal of Economic Surveys, 14(5), 629-653.
157. Pava, M. L., & Krausz, J. (1996). The association between corporate social-responsibility and financial performance: The paradox of social cost. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(3), 321-357.
158. Pearson, J. N., Fawcett, S. E., & Cooper, A. (1993). Challenges and approaches to purchasing from minority-owned firms: A longitudinal examination. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(2), 71-88.
159. Peloza, J. (2009). The challenge of measuring financial impacts from investments in corporate social performance. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1518-1541.
160. Perrini, F. (2006). The practitioner's perspective on non-financial reporting. California Management Review, 48(2), 73-103.
161. Perrini, F., Castaldo, S., Misani, N., & Tencati, A. (2010). The impact of corporate social responsibility associations on trust in organic products marketed by mainstream retailers: A study of Italian consumers. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(8), 512-526.
162. Perrini, F., Pogutz, S., & Tencati, A. (2006). Developing corporate social responsibility. A European perspective. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
163. Perrini, F., Russo, A., & Tencati, A. (2007). CSR strategies of SMEs and large firms. Evidence from Italy. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(3), 285-300.
164. Perrini, F., & Tencati, A. (2006). Sustainability and stakeholder management: The need for new corporate performance evaluation and reporting systems. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15(5), 296-308.
165. Perrini, F., & Vurro, C. (2010). Collaborative social entrepreneurship. In A. Tencati & L. Zsolnai (Eds.), The collaborative enterprise: Creating values for a sustainable world (pp. 351-371). Oxford: Peter Lang AG-International Academic Publishers.
166. Pfeffer, J. (1994). Competitive advantage through people. California Management Review, 36(2), 9-28.
167. Pfeffer, J. (2010). Building sustainable organizations: The human factor. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(1), 34-45.
168. Phillips, R., & Caldwell, C. B. (2005). Value chain responsibility: A farewell to arm's length. Business and Society Review, 110(4), 345-370.
169. Phillips, R., Freeman, R. E., & Wicks, A. C. (2003). What stakeholder theory is not. Business Ethics Quarterly, 13(4), 479-502.
170. Picou, A., & Rubach, M. (2006). Does good governance matter to institutional investors? Evidence from the enactment of corporate governance guidelines. Journal of Business Ethics, 65(1), 55-67.
171. Pivato, S., Misani, N., & Tencati, A. (2008). The impact of corporate social responsibility on consumer trust: The case of organic food. Business Ethics: A European Review, 17(1), 3-12.
172. Porter, M. E. (1991). America's greening strategy. Scientific American, 264(4), 168.
173. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2002). The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review, 80(12), 57-68.
174. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 78-92.
175. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62-77.
176. Porter, M. E., & Reinhardt, F. L. (2007). A strategic approach to climate. Harvard Business Review, 85(10), 22-26.
177. Porter, M. E., & van der Linde, C. (1995). Green and competitive: Ending the stalemate. Harvard Business Review, 73(5), 120-134.
178. Post, J. E., Preston, L. E., & Sachs, S. (2002). Managing the extended enterprise: The new stakeholder view. California Management Review, 45(1), 6-28.
179. Prottas, D. J. (2008). Perceived behavioral integrity: Relationships with employee attitudes, well-being, and absenteeism. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 313-322.
180. Putnam, R. (1993). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
181. Rasche, A., & Esser, D. E. (2006). From stakeholder management to stakeholder accountability. Journal of Business Ethics, 65(3), 251-267.
182. Razzaque, M. A., & Hwee, T. P. (2002). Ethics and purchasing dilemma: A Singaporean view. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(4), 307-326.
183. Rivoli, P. (2003). Labor standards in the global economy: Issues for investors. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(3), 223-232.
184. Rivoli, P., & Waddock, S. (2011). The grand misapprehension. California Management Review, 53(2), 112-116.
185. Roberts, S. (2003). Supply chain specific? Understanding the patchy success of ethical sourcing initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(2-3), 159-170.
186. Robinson, C. J., & Malhotra, M. K. (2005). Defining the concept of supply chain quality management and its relevance to academic and industrial practice. International Journal of Production Economics, 96(3), 315-337.
187. Rosam, I., & Peddle, R. (2004). Implementing effective corporate social responsibility and corporate governance. London: British Standards Institution.
188. Rowley, T. J. (1997). Moving beyond dyadic ties: A network theory of stakeholder influences. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 887-910.
189. Rowley, T., & Berman, S. (2000). A brand new brand of corporate social performance. Business & Society, 39(4), 397-418.
190. Russo, M. V., & Fouts, P. A. (1997). A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 40(3), 534-559.
191. Russo, A., & Perrini, F. (2010). Investigating stakeholder theory and social capital: CSR in large firms and SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(2), 207-221.
192. Russo, A., & Tencati, A. (2009). Formal vs. informal CSR strategies: Evidence from Italian micro, small, medium-sized, and large firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(Supplement 2), 339-353.
193. Salzmann, O., Ionescu-Somers, A., & Steger, U. (2005). The business case for corporate sustainability: Literature review and research options. European Management Journal, 23(1), 27-36.
194. Schaltegger, S., & Wagner, M. (Eds.). (2006). Managing the business case for sustainability: The integration of social, environmental and economic performance. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.
195. Scherer, A. G., & Palazzo, G. (2011). The new political role of business in a globalized world: A review of a new perspective on CSR and its implications for the firm, governance, and democracy. Journal of Management Studies, 48(4), 899-931.
196. Schmidheiny, S. (1992). Changing course: A global business perspective on development and the environment. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
197. Sen, S., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Does doing good always lead to doing better? Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 225-243.
198. Sharfman, M. P., & Fernando, C. S. (2008). Environmental risk management and the cost of capital. Strategic Management Journal, 29(6), 569-592.
199. Sharma, S., & Vredenburg, H. (1998). Proactive corporate environmental strategy and the development of competitively valuable organizational capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 19(8), 729-753.
200. Shepherd, C., & Günter, H. (2006). Measuring supply chain performance: Current research and future directions. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(3/4), 242-258.
201. Shrivastava, P. (1995). Environmental technologies and competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 16(S1), 183-200.
202. Siegel, D. S. (2009). Green management matters only if it yields more green: An economic/strategic perspective. Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3), 5-16.
203. Singh, J., del Mar Garcia de los Salmones Sanchez, M., & del Bosque, I. R. (2008). Understanding corporate social responsibility and product perceptions in consumer markets: A cross-cultural evaluation. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(3), 597-611.
204. Smith, N. C. (2003). Corporate social responsibility: Whether or how? California Management Review, 45(4), 52-76.
205. Spekman, R. E., & Davis, E. W. (2004). Risky business: Expanding the discussion on risk and the extended enterprise. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 34(5), 414-433.
206. Spekman, R. E., Kamauff, J. W., Jr., & Myhr, N., (1998). An empirical investigation into supply chain management: A perspective on partnerships. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 28(8), 630-650.
207. Spence, L. J., Habisch, A., & Schmidpeter, R. (Eds.) (2004). Responsibility and social capital: The world of small and medium sized enterprises. Houndmills, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
208. Spence, L. J., & Schmidpeter, R. (2003). SMEs, social capital and the common good. Journal of Business Ethics, 45(1-2), 93-108.
209. Spence, L. J., Schmidpeter, R., & Habisch, A. (2003). Assessing social capital: Small and medium sized enterprises in Germany and the U. K. Journal of Business Ethics, 47(1), 17-29.
210. Surroca, J., Tribó, J. A., & Waddock, S. (2010). Corporate responsibility and financial performance: The role of intangible resources. Strategic Management Journal, 31(5), 463-490.
211. SustainAbility and UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). (2004). Risk & opportunity: Best practice in non-financial reporting. London: SustainAbility.
212. Sustainable Value EABIS (The Academy of Business in Society) Research Project. (2009). Corporate responsibility, market valuation and measuring the financial and non-financial performance of the firm. Cranfield: Doughty Centre for Corporate Responsibility, Cranfield School of Management.
213. Taneja, S. S., Taneja, P. K., & Gupta, R. K. (2011). Researches in corporate social responsibility: A review of shifting focus, paradigms, and methodologies. Journal of Business Ethics, 101(3), 343-364.
214. Tencati, A., Perrini, F., & Pogutz, S. (2004). New tools to foster corporate socially responsible behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1-2), 173-190.
215. Tencati, A., Russo, A., & Quaglia, V. (2010). Sustainability along the global supply chain: The case of Vietnam. Social Responsibility Journal, 6(1), 91-107.
216. Tencati, A., & Zsolnai, L. (2009). The collaborative enterprise. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), 367-376.
217. Terjesen, S., Sealy, R., & Singh, V. (2009). Women directors on corporate boards: A review and research agenda. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(3), 320-337.
218. Teuscher, P., Grüninger, B., & Ferdinand, N. (2006). Risk management in Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM): Lessons learnt from the case of GMO-free soybeans. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 13(1), 1-10.
219. The Prince's Accounting for Sustainability Project. (2010). Governance & collaboration: Establishing an "International Integrated Reporting Committee". London: The Prince's Accounting for Sustainability Project.
220. Treviño, L. K., Weaver, G. R., Gibson, D. G., & Toffler, B. L. (1999). Managing ethics and legal compliance: What works and what hurts. California Management Review, 41(2), 131-151.
221. Turban, D. B., & Greening, D. W. (1996). Corporate social performance and organizational attractiveness to prospective employees. Academy of Management Journal, 40(3), 658-672.
222. Tyler, T., Dienhart, J., & Thomas, T. (2008). The ethical commitment to compliance: Building value-based cultures. California Management Review, 50(2), 31-51.
223. Ullmann, A. A. (1985). Data in search of a theory: A critical examination of the relationship among social performance, social disclosure, and economic performance of U. S. firms. Academy of Management Review, 10(3), 540-557.
224. UNEP FI, & WBCSD. (2010). Translating ESG into sustainable business value-key insights for companies and investors. Geneva: UNEP FI (United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative) and WBCSD (World Business Council for Sustainable Development).
225. Valentine, S., & Barnett, T. (2003). Ethics code awareness, perceived ethical values, and organizational commitment. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 23(4), 359-367.
226. Valentine, S., Godkin, L., Fleischman, G. M., & Kidwell, R. (2011). Corporate ethical values, group creativity, job satisfaction and turnover intention: The impact of work context on work response. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(3), 353-372.
227. van Tulder, R., van Wijk, J., & Kolk, A. (2009). From chain liability to chain responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(Supplement 2), 399-412.
228. Verrecchia, R. E. (1983). Discretionary disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5, 179-194.
229. Victor, B., & Cullen, J. B. (1988). The organizational bases of ethical work climate. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(1), 101-125.
230. Vitell, S. J., & Singhapakdi, A. (2008). The role of ethics institutionalization in influencing organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and esprit de corps. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 343-353.
231. Vogel, D. (2005). The market for virtue: The potential and limits of corporate social responsibility. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
232. Vollebergh, H. R. J., & Kemfert, C. (2005). The role of technological change for a sustainable development. Ecological Economics, 54(2-3), 133-147.
233. von Bismark, M., Ishizuka, T., & Sikken, B. J. (2011). Accelerating the transition towards sustainable investing: Strategic options for investors, corporations and other key stakeholders. Cologny, Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
234. Vurro, C., Dacin, M. T., & Perrini, F. (2010). Institutional antecedents of partnering for social change: How institutional logics shape cross-sector social partnerships. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(Supplement 1), 39-53.
235. Vurro, C., & Perrini, F. (2011). Making the most of corporate social responsibility reporting: Disclosure structure and its impact on performance. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 11(4), 459-474.
236. Vurro, C., Russo, A., & Perrini, F. (2009). Shaping sustainable value chains: Network determinants of supply chain governance models. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(Supplement 4), 607-621.
237. Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997a). The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 303-319.
238. Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997b). Quality of management and quality of stakeholder relations: Are they synonymous? Business & Society, 36(3), 250-279.
239. Wagner, M. (2010). The role of corporate sustainability performance for economic performance: A firm-level analysis of moderation effects. Ecological Economics, 69(7), 1553-1560.
240. Walley, N., & Whitehead, B. (1994). It's not easy being green. Harvard Business Review, 72(3), 46-52.
241. Warner, M., & Sullivan, R. (Eds.) (2004). Putting partnerships to work: Strategic alliances for development between the government, the private sector and civil society. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.
242. Wartick, S. L., & Cochran, P. L. (1985). The evolution of the corporate social performance model. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 758-769.
243. Weisband, E. (2009). The virtues of virtue: social capital, network governance, and corporate social responsibility. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(6), 905-918.
244. Weiser, J., Kahane, M., Rochlin, S., & Landis, J. (2006). Untapped: Creating value in underserved markets. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
245. Williams, C. C., & Ryan, L. V. (2007). Courting shareholders: The ethical implications of altering corporate ownership structures. Business Ethics Quarterly, 17(4), 669-688.
246. Williams, C. C., & Ryan, L. V. (2010). Investor relations. In J. R. Boatright (Ed.), Finance ethics: Critical issues in theory and practice (pp. 475-493). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
247. Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 691-718.
248. Wood, D. J. (2010). Measuring corporate social performance: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 50-84.
249. Wood, D. J., & Jones, R. E. (1995). Stakeholder mismatching: A theoretical problem in empirical research on corporate social performance. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 3(3), 229-267.
250. Zattoni, A. (2011). Who should control a corporation? Toward a contingency stakeholder model for allocating ownership rights. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(2), 255-274.