메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 119, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 261-274

Involvement of kynurenines in Huntington's disease and stroke-induced brain damage

Author keywords

Cognition; Huntington's disease; Kynurenic acid; Kynurenine; Neurodegeneration; Quinolinic acid; Stroke; Tryptophan

Indexed keywords

GLUTAMIC ACID; HUNTINGTIN; KYNURENINE; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TRYPTOPHAN;

EID: 84857633327     PISSN: 03009564     EISSN: 14351463     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0676-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (50)

References (140)
  • 1
    • 0035691471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of immune activation using biochemical changes in a porcine model of cardiac arrest
    • DOI 10.1080/09629350120102370
    • A Amann B Widner J Rieder H Antretter G Hoffmann V Mayr HU Strohmenger D Fuchs 2001 Monitoring of immune activation using biochemical changes in a porcine model of cardiac arrest Mediat Inflamm 10 343 346 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XhvFGgsrg%3D 10.1080/09629350120102370 (Pubitemid 34084415)
    • (2001) Mediators of Inflammation , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 343-346
    • Amann, A.1    Widner, B.2    Rieder, J.3    Antretter, H.4    Hoffmann, G.5    Mayr, V.6    Strohmenger, H.-U.7    Fuchs, D.8
  • 3
    • 0035800396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased kynurenic acid in the brain after neonatal asphyxia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01215-2, PII S0024320501012152
    • H Baran B Kepplinger M Herrera-Marschitz K Stolze G Lubec H Nohl 2001 Increased kynurenic acid in the brain after neonatal asphyxia Life Sci 69 1249 1256 11521749 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvVSktL4%3D 10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01215-2 (Pubitemid 32758695)
    • (2001) Life Sciences , vol.69 , Issue.11 , pp. 1249-1256
    • Baran, H.1    Kepplinger, B.2    Herrera-Marschitz, M.3    Stolze, K.4    Lubec, G.5    Nohl, H.6
  • 4
    • 33845195920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of inflammation and cellular stress in brain injury and central nervous system diseases
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cnr.2006.09.010, PII S156627720600048X, Immune Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration
    • FC Barone KS Kilgore 2006 Role of inflammation and cellular stress in brain injury and central nervous system diseases Clin Neurosci Res 6 329 356 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht12ksb3F 10.1016/j.cnr.2006.09.010 (Pubitemid 44849180)
    • (2006) Clinical Neuroscience Research , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 329-356
    • Barone, F.C.1    Kilgore, K.S.2
  • 5
    • 0038701684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huntingtin aggregation and toxicity in Huntington's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13304-1
    • G Bates 2003 Huntingtin aggregation and toxicity in Huntington's disease Lancet 361 1642 1644 12747895 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjs1Wluro%3D 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13304-1 (Pubitemid 36579005)
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , Issue.9369 , pp. 1642-1644
    • Bates, G.1
  • 6
    • 21244487758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying the immunosuppressive role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: Tryptophan metabolites suppress rat allogeneic T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2004.00031.x
    • TM Bauer LP Jiga JJ Chuang M Randazzo G Opelz P Terness 2005 Studying the immunosuppressive role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase: tryptophan metabolites suppress rat allogeneic T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo Transpl Intern 18 95 100 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXksFCgtLk%3D 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2004.00031.x (Pubitemid 41742952)
    • (2005) Transplant International , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-100
    • Bauer, T.M.1    Jiga, L.P.2    Chuang, J.-J.3    Randazzo, M.4    Opelz, G.5    Terness, P.6
  • 7
    • 0026554440 scopus 로고
    • Kynurenic acid concentrations are reduced in Huntington's disease
    • 1385624 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XisFensL8%3D 10.1016/0022-510X(92)90191-M
    • MF Beal WR Matson E Storey P Milbury EA Ryan T Ogawa ED Bird 1992 Kynurenic acid concentrations are reduced in Huntington's disease J Neurol Sci 108 80 87 1385624 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XisFensL8%3D 10.1016/0022-510X(92)90191-M
    • (1992) J Neurol Sci , vol.108 , pp. 80-87
    • Beal, M.F.1    Matson, W.R.2    Storey, E.3    Milbury, P.4    Ryan, E.A.5    Ogawa, T.6    Bird, E.D.7
  • 8
    • 0022446150 scopus 로고
    • Replication of the neurochemical characteristics of Huntington's disease by quinolinic acid
    • MF Beal NW Kowall DW Ellison MF Mazurek KJ Swartz JB Martin 1986 Replication of the neurochemical characteristics of Huntington's disease by quinolinic acid Nature 321 168 171 2422561 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XktVCmtrg%3D 10.1038/321168a0 (Pubitemid 16022019)
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , Issue.6066 , pp. 168-171
    • Beal, M.F.1    Kowall, N.W.2    Ellison, D.W.3
  • 9
    • 0026056410 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical characterization of excitotoxin lesions in the cerebral cortex
    • 1670782 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhvVehu7w%3D
    • MF Beal KJ Swartz SF Finn MF Mazurek NW Kowall 1991 Neurochemical characterization of excitotoxin lesions in the cerebral cortex J Neurosci 11 147 158 1670782 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhvVehu7w%3D
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 147-158
    • Beal, M.F.1    Swartz, K.J.2    Finn, S.F.3    Mazurek, M.F.4    Kowall, N.W.5
  • 10
    • 0026043565 scopus 로고
    • Chronic quinolinic acid lesions in rats closely resemble Huntington's disease
    • 1710657 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXlsFKgtLo%3D
    • MF Beal RJ Ferrante KJ Swartz NW Kowall 1991 Chronic quinolinic acid lesions in rats closely resemble Huntington's disease J Neurosci 11 1649 1659 1710657 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXlsFKgtLo%3D
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 1649-1659
    • Beal, M.F.1    Ferrante, R.J.2    Swartz, K.J.3    Kowall, N.W.4
  • 11
    • 0033997130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of kynurenines in the neurotoxic actions of kainic acid
    • WMH Behan TW Stone 2000 Role of kynurenines in the neurotoxic actions of kainic acid Br J Pharmacol 129 1764 1770 10780984 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtV2qsrs%3D 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703250 (Pubitemid 30219021)
    • (2000) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.129 , Issue.8 , pp. 1764-1770
    • Behan, W.M.H.1    Stone, T.W.2
  • 12
    • 49249089029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel pathogenic pathway of immune activation detectable before clinical onset in Huntington's disease
    • 18625748 10.1084/jem.20080178 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpsFOjsLg%3D
    • M Bjorkqvist EJ Wild J Thiele A Silvestroni R Andre N Lahiri, et al. 2008 A novel pathogenic pathway of immune activation detectable before clinical onset in Huntington's disease J Exp Med 205 1869 1877 18625748 10.1084/jem.20080178 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpsFOjsLg%3D
    • (2008) J Exp Med , vol.205 , pp. 1869-1877
    • Bjorkqvist, M.1    Wild, E.J.2    Thiele, J.3    Silvestroni, A.4    Andre, R.5    Lahiri, N.6
  • 13
    • 33845768784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: Uncovering the molecular mechanisms
    • DOI 10.1038/nrn2038, PII NRN2038
    • ML Block L Zecca JS Hong 2007 Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms Nat Rev Neurosci 8 57 69 17180163 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlemtL7M 10.1038/nrn2038 (Pubitemid 46011999)
    • (2007) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-69
    • Block, M.L.1    Zecca, L.2    Hong, J.-S.3
  • 14
    • 24144453087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: Multiple triggers with a common mechanism
    • DOI 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.06.004, PII S0301008205000675
    • ML Block JS Hong 2005 Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegenration: multiple triggers with a common mechanism Prog Neurobiol 76 77 98 16081203 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpvFemu7o%3D 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.06.004 (Pubitemid 41242883)
    • (2005) Progress in Neurobiology , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-98
    • Block, M.L.1    Hong, J.-S.2
  • 15
    • 77957830542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway in acute ischemic stroke
    • 20490917 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmtlamtLs%3D 10.1007/s11064-010-0187-2
    • R Brouns R Verkerk T Aerts D De Surgeloose A Wauters S Scharpe PP De Deyn 2010 The role of tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway in acute ischemic stroke Neurochem Res 35 1315 1322 20490917 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXmtlamtLs%3D 10.1007/s11064-010-0187-2
    • (2010) Neurochem Res , vol.35 , pp. 1315-1322
    • Brouns, R.1    Verkerk, R.2    Aerts, T.3    De Surgeloose, D.4    Wauters, A.5    Scharpe, S.6    De Deyn, P.P.7
  • 16
    • 0032903802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in Huntington's disease
    • SE Browne RJ Ferrante MF Beal 1999 Oxidative stress in Huntington's disease Brain Pathol 9 147 163 9989457 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXht1Cmsb0%3D 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00216.x (Pubitemid 29056525)
    • (1999) Brain Pathology , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 147-163
    • Browne, S.E.1    Ferrante, R.J.2    Beal, M.F.3
  • 17
    • 0028890583 scopus 로고
    • Selective putaminal excitotoxic lesions in nonhuman-primates model the movement disorder of Huntington disease
    • 7753372 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvVGksL0%3D 10.1016/0306-4522(94)00431-4
    • LH Burns P Pakzaban TW Deacon AL Brownell SB Tatter BG Jenkins O Isacson 1995 Selective putaminal excitotoxic lesions in nonhuman-primates model the movement disorder of Huntington disease Neuroscience 64 1007 1017 7753372 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvVGksL0%3D 10.1016/0306-4522(94)00431-4
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.64 , pp. 1007-1017
    • Burns, L.H.1    Pakzaban, P.2    Deacon, T.W.3    Brownell, A.L.4    Tatter, S.B.5    Jenkins, B.G.6    Isacson, O.7
  • 18
    • 0028305047 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitors of kynurenine hydroxylase and kynureninase increase cerebral formation of kynurenate and have sedative and anticonvulsant activities
    • DOI 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90227-5
    • R Carpenedo A Chiarugi P Russi G Lombardi V Carla R Pellicciari F Moroni L Mattoli 1994 Inhibitors of kynurenine hydroxylase and kynureninase increase cerebral formation of kynurenate and have sedative and anticonvulsant activities Neuroscience 61 237 244 7969905 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmsVGru7g%3D 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90227-5 (Pubitemid 24219003)
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-244
    • Carpenedo, R.1
  • 20
    • 23344438452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged survival of a murine model of cerebral malaria by kynurenine pathway inhibition
    • DOI 10.1128/IAI.73.8.5249-5251.2005
    • CJ Clark GM Mackay GA Smythe S Bustamante TW Stone RS Phillips 2005 Prolonged survival of a murine model of cerebral malaria by kynurenine pathway inhibition Infect Immun 73 5249 5251 16041050 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVCit70%3D 10.1128/IAI.73.8.5249-5251.2005 (Pubitemid 41105691)
    • (2005) Infection and Immunity , vol.73 , Issue.8 , pp. 5249-5251
    • Clark, C.J.1    Mackay, G.M.2    Smythe, G.A.3    Bustamante, S.4    Stone, T.W.5    Phillips, R.S.6
  • 21
    • 0026531701 scopus 로고
    • Nicotinylalanine increases cerebral kynurenic acid content and has anticonvulsant activity
    • 1639238 1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xit1yjtL8%3D 10.1016/0306-3623(92)90017-E
    • JH Connick GC Heywood GJ Sills GG Thompson MJ Brodie TW Stone 1992 Nicotinylalanine increases cerebral kynurenic acid content and has anticonvulsant activity Gen Pharmacol 23 235 239 1639238 1:CAS:528: DyaK38Xit1yjtL8%3D 10.1016/0306-3623(92)90017-E
    • (1992) Gen Pharmacol , vol.23 , pp. 235-239
    • Connick, J.H.1    Heywood, G.C.2    Sills, G.J.3    Thompson, G.G.4    Brodie, M.J.5    Stone, T.W.6
  • 22
    • 58149373434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyglutamine-modulated striatal calpain activity in YAC transgenic huntington disease mouse model: Impact on NMDA receptor function and toxicity
    • 19036965 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVKgsbrE 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4619-08.2008
    • CM Cowan MMY Fan J Fan J Shehadeh LYJ Zhang RK Graham, et al. 2008 Polyglutamine-modulated striatal calpain activity in YAC transgenic huntington disease mouse model: impact on NMDA receptor function and toxicity J Neurosci 28 12725 12735 19036965 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVKgsbrE 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4619-08. 2008
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 12725-12735
    • Cowan, C.M.1    Fan, M.M.Y.2    Fan, J.3    Shehadeh, J.4    Zhang, L.Y.J.5    Graham, R.K.6
  • 23
    • 0033502043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kynurenine hydroxylase inhibitors reduce ischemic brain damage: Studies with (m-nitrobenzoyl)-alanine (mNBA) and 3,4-dimethoxy-[-N-4- (nitrophenyl)thiazol-2YL]-benzenesulfonamide (Ro 61-8048) in models of focal or global brain ischemia
    • R Cozzi R Carpenedo F Moroni 1999 Kynurenine hydroxylase inhibitors reduce ischaemic brain damage: studies with (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine and 3, 4-dimethoxy-[N-4-(nitrophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]-benzenesulfonamide (Ro 61-8048) in models of focal or global ischaemia J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 19 771 777 10413032 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXksVCqsbk%3D 10.1097/00004647-199907000-00007 (Pubitemid 30159803)
    • (1999) Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 771-777
    • Cozzi, A.1    Carpenedo, R.2    Moroni, F.3
  • 24
    • 35448978696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered kynurenine metabolism correlates with infarct volume in stroke
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05838.x
    • LG Darlington GM Mackay CM Forrest N Stoy C George TW Stone 2007 Altered kynurenine metabolism correlates with infarct volume in stroke Eur J Neurosci 26 2211 2221 17892481 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2snisVersQ%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007. 05838.x (Pubitemid 47620487)
    • (2007) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 2211-2221
    • Darlington, L.G.1    Mackay, G.M.2    Forrest, C.M.3    Stoy, N.4    George, C.5    Stone, T.W.6
  • 26
    • 0023095424 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative reactivity of the tryptophan metabolites 3-hydroxyanthranilate, cinnabarinate, quinolinate and picolinate
    • DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90691-5
    • JA Dykens SG Sullivan A Stern 1987 Oxidative reactivity of the tryptophan metabolites 3-hydroxyanthranilate, quinolinate and picolinate Biochem Pharmacol 36 211 217 2949752 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXhtlems7o%3D 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90691-5 (Pubitemid 17004917)
    • (1987) Biochemical Pharmacology , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-217
    • Dykens, J.A.1    Sullivan, S.G.2    Stern, A.3
  • 27
    • 0024384702 scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity of 3-hydroxykynurenine in a neuronal hybrid cell line
    • DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(89)90216-3
    • CL Eastman TR Guilarte 1989 Cytotoxicity of 3-hydroxykynurenine in a neuronal hybrid cell line Brain Res 495 225 231 2765927 1:CAS:528: DyaL1MXlsVygtb4%3D 10.1016/0006-8993(89)90216-3 (Pubitemid 19213559)
    • (1989) Brain Research , vol.495 , Issue.2 , pp. 225-231
    • Eastman, C.L.1    Guilarte, T.R.2
  • 28
    • 0025672787 scopus 로고
    • The role of hydrogen peroxide in the in vitro cytotoxicity of 3-hydroxykynurenine
    • 2089269 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXps1Cqtw%3D%3D 10.1007/BF01101711
    • CL Eastman TR Guilarte 1990 The role of hydrogen peroxide in the in vitro cytotoxicity of 3-hydroxykynurenine Neurochem Res 15 1101 1107 2089269 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXps1Cqtw%3D%3D 10.1007/BF01101711
    • (1990) Neurochem Res , vol.15 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Eastman, C.L.1    Guilarte, T.R.2
  • 29
    • 0030887550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated human microglia produce the excitotoxin quinolinic acid
    • MG Espey ON Chernyshev JF Reinhard MAA Namboodiri CA Colton 1997 Activated human microglia produce the excitotoxin quinolinic acid Neuroreport 8 431 434 9080423 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXisVaisrY%3D 10.1097/00001756-199701200-00011 (Pubitemid 27180096)
    • (1997) NeuroReport , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 431-434
    • Espey, M.G.1    Chernyshev, O.N.2    Reinhard Jr., J.F.3    Namboodiri, M.A.A.4    Colton, C.A.5
  • 30
    • 0028897091 scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial changes of quinolinic acid immunoreactivity in the immune-system of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mice
    • 7852833 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjsFOhtrs%3D
    • MG Espey JR Moffett MAA Namboodiri 1995 Temporal and spatial changes of quinolinic acid immunoreactivity in the immune-system of lipopolysaccharide- stimulated mice J Leukocyte Biol 57 199 206 7852833 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjsFOhtrs%3D
    • (1995) J Leukocyte Biol , vol.57 , pp. 199-206
    • Espey, M.G.1    Moffett, J.R.2    Namboodiri, M.A.A.3
  • 31
    • 31644440878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal synthesis of soluble HLA-G and HLA-I molecules are reciprocally associated to clinical and MRI activity in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • DOI 10.1191/1352458506ms1241oa
    • Fainardi E, Rizzo R, Melchiorri L, Castellazzi M, Paolino E, Tola MR, Granieri E, Baricordi OR (2006) Intrathecal synthesis of soluble HLA-G and HLA-I molecules are reciprocally associated to clinical and MRI activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 12:2-12 (Pubitemid 43169232)
    • (2006) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-12
    • Fainardi, E.1    Rizzo, R.2    Melchiorri, L.3    Castellazzi, M.4    Paolino, E.5    Tola, M.R.6    Granieri, E.7    Baricordi, O.R.8
  • 32
    • 34547103020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-G expression defines a novel regulatory T-cell subset present in human peripheral blood and sites of inflammation
    • DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-11-057125
    • U Feger E Tolosa Y-H Huang A Waschbisch T Biedermann A Melms H Wiendl 2007 HLA-G expression defines a novel regulatory T-cell subset present in human peripheral blood and sites of inflammation Blood 110 568 577 17371944 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXot1emtrw%3D 10.1182/blood-2006-11-057125 (Pubitemid 47105395)
    • (2007) Blood , vol.110 , Issue.2 , pp. 568-577
    • Feger, U.1    Tolosa, E.2    Huang, Y.-H.3    Waschbisch, A.4    Biedermann, T.5    Melms, A.6    Wiendl, H.7
  • 34
    • 71649101571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood levels of kynurenines, interleukin IL-23 and sHLA-G at different stages of Huntington's disease
    • 19845828 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1GhsQ%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06442. x
    • CM Forrest GM Mackay N Stoy SL Spiden R Taylor TW Stone LG Darlington 2010 Blood levels of kynurenines, interleukin IL-23 and sHLA-G at different stages of Huntington's disease J Neurochem 112 112 122 19845828 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1GhsQ%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06442.x
    • (2010) J Neurochem , vol.112 , pp. 112-122
    • Forrest, C.M.1    MacKay, G.M.2    Stoy, N.3    Spiden, S.L.4    Taylor, R.5    Stone, T.W.6    Darlington, L.G.7
  • 36
    • 0024994054 scopus 로고
    • Decreased serum tryptophan in patients with HIV-1 infection correlates with increased serum neopterin and with neurologic/psychiatric symptoms
    • D Fuchs A-A Moeller G Reibnegger E Stoeckle E-R Werner H Wachter 1990 Decreased serum tryptophan in patients with HIV-1 infection correlates with increased serum neopterin and with neurologic/psychiatric symptoms J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3 873 876 2166783 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXpvFOmtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 20330669)
    • (1990) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , vol.3 , Issue.9 , pp. 873-876
    • Fuchs, D.1    Moller, A.A.2    Reibnegger, G.3    Stockle, E.4    Werner, E.R.5    Wachter, H.6
  • 38
    • 0029157454 scopus 로고
    • Reactive microglia in cerebral ischemia-an early mediator of tissue damage
    • 7494596 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2Fls1KjtA%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1995. tb01062.x
    • J Gehrmann RB Banati C Wiessnert KA Hossmann GW Kreutzberg 1995 Reactive microglia in cerebral ischemia-an early mediator of tissue damage Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 21 277 289 7494596 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2Fls1KjtA%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1995.tb01062.x
    • (1995) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.21 , pp. 277-289
    • Gehrmann, J.1    Banati, R.B.2    Wiessnert, C.3    Hossmann, K.A.4    Kreutzberg, G.W.5
  • 39
    • 0037449906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical and in vitro evaluation of the redox-properties of kynurenine species
    • DOI 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02917-0
    • GI Giles CA Collins TW Stone C Jacob 2003 Electrochemical and in vitro evaluation of the redox properties of kynurenine species Biochem Biophys Res Commun 300 719 724 12507509 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpvVWlsrY%3D 10.1016/S0006- 291X(02)02917-0 (Pubitemid 36268896)
    • (2003) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol.300 , Issue.3 , pp. 719-724
    • Giles, G.I.1    Collins, C.A.2    Stone, T.W.3    Jacob, C.4
  • 40
    • 18144406846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genomic screen in yeast implicates kynurenine 3-monooxygenase as a therapeutic target for Huntington disease
    • DOI 10.1038/ng1542
    • F Giorgini P Guidetti QV Nguyen SC Bennett PJ Muchowski 2005 A genomic screen in yeast implicates kynurenine 3-monooxygenase as a therapeutic target for Huntington disease Nat Genet 37 526 531 15806102 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXjsF2ksrs%3D 10.1038/ng1542 (Pubitemid 40617282)
    • (2005) Nature Genetics , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 526-531
    • Giorgini, F.1    Guidetti, P.2    Nguyen, Q.3    Bennett, S.C.4    Muchowski, P.J.5
  • 41
    • 43149110841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone deacetylase inhibition modulates kynurenine pathway activation in yeast, microglia and mice expressing a mutant huntingtin fragment
    • 18079112 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjt1emtbc%3D 10.1074/jbc.M708192200
    • F Giorgini T Moller W Kwan D Zwilling JL Wacker S Hong LC-L Tsai CS Cheah R Schwarcz P Guidetti PJ Muchowski 2008 Histone deacetylase inhibition modulates kynurenine pathway activation in yeast, microglia and mice expressing a mutant huntingtin fragment J Biol Chem 283 7390 7400 18079112 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjt1emtbc%3D 10.1074/jbc.M708192200
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 7390-7400
    • Giorgini, F.1    Moller, T.2    Kwan, W.3    Zwilling, D.4    Wacker, J.L.5    Hong, S.6    Lc-L, T.7    Cheah, C.S.8    Schwarcz, R.9    Guidetti, P.10    Muchowski, P.J.11
  • 44
    • 0032698232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Hydroxykynurenine potentiates quinolinate but not NMDA toxicity in the rat striatum
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00806.x
    • P Guidetti R Schwarcz 1999 3-Hydroxykynurenine potentiates quinolinate but not NMDA toxicity in the rat striatum Eur J Neurosci 11 3857 3863 10583474 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FltFajtQ%3D%3D 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00806.x (Pubitemid 29537565)
    • (1999) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 3857-3863
    • Guidetti, P.1    Schwarcz, R.2
  • 45
    • 0034647059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early kynurenergic impairment in Huntington's Disease and in a transgenic animal model
    • DOI 10.1016/S0304-3940(00)00956-3, PII S0304394000009563
    • P Guidetti PH Reddy DA Tagle R Schwarcz 2000 Early kynureninergic impairment in Huntington's disease and in a transgenic animal model Neurosci Lett 283 233 235 10754231 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXit1Wgtbg%3D 10.1016/S0304-3940(00) 00956-3 (Pubitemid 30168976)
    • (2000) Neuroscience Letters , vol.283 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-235
    • Guidetti, P.1    Hemachandra Reddy, P.2    Tagle, D.A.3    Schwarcz, R.4
  • 46
    • 9644270316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neostriatal and cortical quinolinate levels are increased in early grade Huntington's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.07.006, PII S0969996104001603
    • P Guidetti RE Luthi-Carter SJ Augood R Schwarcz 2004 Neostriatal and cortical quinolinate levels are increased in early grade Huntington's disease Neurobiol Dis 17 455 461 15571981 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVansbjP 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.07.006 (Pubitemid 39574879)
    • (2004) Neurobiology of Disease , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 455-461
    • Guidetti, P.1    Luthi-Carter, R.E.2    Augood, S.J.3    Schwarcz, R.4
  • 49
    • 33847662852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: Lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide
    • DOI 10.1038/nrm2101, PII NRM2101
    • C Haass DJ Selkoe 2007 Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8 101 112 17245412 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXotFKmtw%3D%3D 10.1038/nrm2101 (Pubitemid 46432529)
    • (2007) Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-112
    • Haass, C.1    Selkoe, D.J.2
  • 50
    • 0031836667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of striatal quinolinate neurotoxicity by elevation of endogenous brain kynurenic acid
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701834
    • CA Harris AF Miranda JJ Tanguay RJ Boegman RJ Beninger K Jhamandas 1998 Modulation of striatal quinolinate neurotoxicity by elevation of endogenous brain kynurenic acid Br J Pharmacol 124 391 399 9641558 1:CAS:528: DyaK1cXjs1Ogurs%3D 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701834 (Pubitemid 28248031)
    • (1998) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.124 , Issue.2 , pp. 391-399
    • Harris, C.A.1    Miranda, A.F.2    Tanguay, J.J.3    Boegman, R.J.4    Beninger, R.J.5    Jhamandas, K.6
  • 51
    • 38349101590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake is reduced in prefrontal cortex in Huntington's disease
    • 17726644 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXps1WntA%3D%3D 10.1007/s11064-007-9463-1
    • B Hassel S Tessler RLM Faull PC Emson 2008 Glutamate uptake is reduced in prefrontal cortex in Huntington's disease Neurochem Res 33 232 237 17726644 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXps1WntA%3D%3D 10.1007/s11064-007-9463-1
    • (2008) Neurochem Res , vol.33 , pp. 232-237
    • Hassel, B.1    Tessler, S.2    Faull, R.L.M.3    Emson, P.C.4
  • 52
    • 63849154126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo evidence for NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in a murine genetic model of Huntington disease
    • 19279257 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjsVamt7s%3D 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5599-08.2009
    • MY Heng PJ Detloff PL Wang JZ Tsien RL Albin 2009 In vivo evidence for NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in a murine genetic model of Huntington disease J Neurosci 29 3200 3205 19279257 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjsVamt7s%3D 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5599-08.2009
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 3200-3205
    • Heng, M.Y.1    Detloff, P.J.2    Wang, P.L.3    Tsien, J.Z.4    Albin, R.L.5
  • 53
    • 0027233683 scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic acid and inflammation
    • MP Heyes 1993 Quinolinic acid and inflammation Ann NY Acad Sci 679 211 216 8512184 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXks12itLk%3D 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18300.x (Pubitemid 23202410)
    • (1993) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.679 , pp. 211-216
    • Heyes, M.P.1
  • 55
    • 0026507973 scopus 로고
    • Human macrophages convert l-tryptophan into the neurotoxin quinolinic acid
    • 1534219 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XktVGru7w%3D
    • MP Heyes K Saito SP Markey 1992 Human macrophages convert l-tryptophan into the neurotoxin quinolinic acid Biochem J 283 633 635 1534219 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XktVGru7w%3D
    • (1992) Biochem J , vol.283 , pp. 633-635
    • Heyes, M.P.1    Saito, K.2    Markey, S.P.3
  • 56
    • 0029960647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human microglia convert L-tryptophan into the neurotoxin quinolinic acid
    • MP Heyes CL Achim CA Wiley EO Major K Saito SP Markey 1996 Human microglia convert l-tryptophan into the neurotoxin quinolinic acid Biochem J 320 595 597 8973572 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXivVGh (Pubitemid 26417785)
    • (1996) Biochemical Journal , vol.320 , Issue.2 , pp. 595-597
    • Heyes, M.P.1    Achim, C.L.2    Wiley, C.A.3    Major, E.O.4    Saito, K.5    Markey, S.P.6
  • 57
    • 0035478066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain metabolite kynurenic acid inhibits α7 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-α7 nicotinic receptor expression: Physiopathological implications
    • C Hilmas EF Pereira M Alkondon A Rassoulpour R Schwarcz 2001 The brain metabolites kynurenic acid inhibits α7-nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-α7 nicotinic receptor expression J Neurosci 21 7463 7473 11567036 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsFCksrc%3D (Pubitemid 32904945)
    • (2001) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.21 , Issue.19 , pp. 7463-7473
    • Hilmas, C.1    Pereira, E.F.R.2    Alkondon, M.3    Rassoulpour, A.4    Schwarcz, R.5    Albuquerque, E.X.6
  • 58
    • 4644313685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neopterin: A mediator of the cellular immune system
    • G Hoffmann W Schobersberger 2004 Neopterin: a mediator of the cellular immune system Pteridines 15 107 112 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXotFaqt70%3D (Pubitemid 39280261)
    • (2004) Pteridines , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 107-112
    • Hoffmann, G.1    Schobersberger, W.2
  • 59
    • 0028831934 scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic acid-induced increases in calbindin-d-28 k immunoreactivity in rat striatal neurons in-vivo and in-vitro mimic the pattern seen in Huntingtons-disease
    • 7777157 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXkt1ymtL8%3D 10.1016/0306-4522(94)00494-P
    • Q Huang D Zhou E Sapp H Aizawa P Ge ED Bird, et al. 1995 Quinolinic acid-induced increases in calbindin-d-28 k immunoreactivity in rat striatal neurons in-vivo and in-vitro mimic the pattern seen in Huntingtons-disease Neuroscience 65 397 407 7777157 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXkt1ymtL8%3D 10.1016/0306-4522(94)00494-P
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.65 , pp. 397-407
    • Huang, Q.1    Zhou, D.2    Sapp, E.3    Aizawa, H.4    Ge, P.5    Bird, E.D.6
  • 60
    • 33747781747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in stroke and focal cerebral ischemia
    • DOI 10.1016/j.surneu.2005.12.028, PII S0090301906001017
    • J Huang UM Uphadyay RJ Tamargo 2006 Inflammation in stroke and focal cerebral ischemia Surg Neurol 66 232 245 16935624 10.1016/j.surneu.2005.12.028 (Pubitemid 44279808)
    • (2006) Surgical Neurology , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 232-245
    • Huang, J.1    Upadhyay, U.M.2    Tamargo, R.J.3
  • 61
    • 0033041786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of recombinant human activin-A has powerful neurotrophic effects on select striatal phenotypes in the quinolinic acid lesion model of Huntington's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00724-6, PII S0306452298007246
    • PE Hughes T Alexi CE Williams RG Clark PD Gluckman 1999 Administration of recombinant human Activin-A has powerful neurotrophic effects on select striatal phenotypes in the quinolinic acid lesion model of Huntington's disease Neuroscience 92 197 209 10392842 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjs1ymsr4%3D 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00724-6 (Pubitemid 29249030)
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 197-209
    • Hughes, P.E.1    Alexi, T.2    Williams, C.E.3    Clark, R.G.4    Gluckman, P.D.5
  • 62
    • 68849129336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-G: A human pregnancy modulator
    • 19570712 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVenurbE 10.1016/j.coph.2009.05.007
    • JS Hunt DL Langat 2009 HLA-G: a human pregnancy modulator Curr Opin Pharmacol 9 462 469 19570712 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVenurbE 10.1016/j.coph.2009. 05.007
    • (2009) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.9 , pp. 462-469
    • Hunt, J.S.1    Langat, D.L.2
  • 63
    • 0028903541 scopus 로고
    • Dysfunction of brain kynurenic acid metabolism in Huntington's disease: Focus on kynurenine aminotransferase
    • 7650530 1:STN:280:DyaK2MznvVynuw%3D%3D 10.1016/0022-510X(94)00280-2
    • D Jauch EM Urbanska P Guidetti ED Bird JP Vonsattel WO Whetsell R Schwarcz 1995 Dysfunction of brain kynurenic acid metabolism in Huntington's disease: focus on kynurenine aminotransferase J Neurol Sci 130 39 47 7650530 1:STN:280:DyaK2MznvVynuw%3D%3D 10.1016/0022-510X(94)00280-2
    • (1995) J Neurol Sci , vol.130 , pp. 39-47
    • Jauch, D.1    Urbanska, E.M.2    Guidetti, P.3    Bird, E.D.4    Vonsattel, J.P.5    Whetsell, W.O.6    Schwarcz, R.7
  • 64
    • 0035129390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble HLA-G influences the release of cytokines from allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture
    • T Kanai T Fujii S Kozuma T Yamashita A Miki A Kikuchi Y Taketani 2001 Soluble HLA-G influences the release of cytokines from allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture Mol Human Reprod 7 195 200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsFahtro%3D 10.1093/molehr/7.2.195 (Pubitemid 32148347)
    • (2001) Molecular Human Reproduction , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-200
    • Kanai, T.1    Fujii, T.2    Kozuma, S.3    Yamashita, T.4    Miki, A.5    Kikuchi, A.6    Taketani, Y.7
  • 65
    • 23844467167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-microglobulin changes
    • DOI 10.1159/000086295
    • B Kepplinger H Baran A Kainz H Ferraz-Leite J Newcombe P Kalina 2005 Age-related increase of kynurenic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid-IgG and beta(2)-microglobulin changes Neurosignals 14 126 135 16088227 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXntFSnt7g%3D 10.1159/000086295 (Pubitemid 41160299)
    • (2005) NeuroSignals , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 126-135
    • Kepplinger, B.1    Baran, H.2    Kainz, A.3    Ferraz-Leite, H.4    Newcombe, J.5    Kalina, P.6
  • 66
    • 0032590053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huntingtin aggregates may not predict neuronal death in Huntington's disease
    • 10589536 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FlsFCmsQ%3D%3D 10.1002/1531-8249(199912)46: 6<842::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-O
    • S Kuemmerle CA Gutekunst AM Klein XJ Li SH Li MF Beal SM Hersch, et al. 1999 Huntingtin aggregates may not predict neuronal death in Huntington's disease Ann Neurol 46 842 849 10589536 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FlsFCmsQ%3D%3D 10.1002/1531-8249(199912)46:6<842::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-O
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 842-849
    • Kuemmerle, S.1    Gutekunst, C.A.2    Klein, A.M.3    Li, X.J.4    Li, S.H.5    Beal, M.F.6    Hersch, S.M.7
  • 67
    • 27444438525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and human leucocyte antigen-G inhibit the T-cell alloproliferative response through two independent pathways
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02224.x
    • S Le Rond A Gonzalez ASL Gonzalez ED Carosella N Rouas-Freiss 2005 Indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase and human leucocyte antigen-G inhibit the T-cell alloproliferative response through two independent pathways Immunology 116 297 307 16236119 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1Sitb3N 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02224.x (Pubitemid 41532122)
    • (2005) Immunology , vol.116 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-307
    • Le Rond, S.1    Gonzalez, A.2    Gonzalez, A.S.L.3    Carosella, E.D.4    Rouas-Freiss, N.5
  • 69
    • 77955012431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid selectively induces activated T cell death via intracellular GSH depletion
    • 20570696 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXptVamsb4%3D 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.05.008
    • SM Lee YS Lee JH Choi SG Park IW Choi YD Joo WS Lee JN Lee I Choi K Seo 2010 Tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid selectively induces activated T cell death via intracellular GSH depletion Immunol Lett 132 53 60 20570696 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXptVamsb4%3D 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.05.008
    • (2010) Immunol Lett , vol.132 , pp. 53-60
    • Lee, S.M.1    Lee, Y.S.2    Choi, J.H.3    Park, S.G.4    Choi, I.W.5    Joo, Y.D.6    Lee, W.S.7    Lee, J.N.8    Choi, I.9    Seo, K.10
  • 70
    • 33845492329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro evidence for an antioxidant role of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in the brain
    • 16959377 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.04.017 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht12msrfL
    • G Leipnitz C Schumacher KB Dalcin, et al. 2006 In vitro evidence for an antioxidant role of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in the brain Neurochem Int 50 83 94 16959377 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.04.017 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht12msrfL
    • (2006) Neurochem Int , vol.50 , pp. 83-94
    • Leipnitz, G.1    Schumacher, C.2    Dalcin, K.B.3
  • 71
    • 33744815355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory role of tryptophan degradation pathway in HLA-G expression by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells
    • DOI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.01.007, PII S0161589006000186
    • AS López E Alegre J LeMaoult E Carosella A González 2006 Regulatory role of tryptophan degradation pathway in HLA-G expression by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells Mol Immunol 43 2151 2160 16490253 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.01.007 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XlsFCns7s%3D (Pubitemid 43831200)
    • (2006) Molecular Immunology , vol.43 , Issue.14 , pp. 2151-2160
    • Lopez, A.S.1    Alegre, E.2    LeMaoult, J.3    Carosella, E.4    Gonzalez, A.5
  • 72
    • 40649106667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in the immunosuppressive molecules indoleamine dioxygenase and HLA-G in macrophages
    • 18289708 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.01.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtlWgtrs%3D
    • AS López E Alegre A Díaz-Lagares C García- Girón MJ Coma A González 2008 Effect of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in the immunosuppressive molecules indoleamine dioxygenase and HLA-G in macrophages Immunol Lett 117 91 95 18289708 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.01.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtlWgtrs%3D
    • (2008) Immunol Lett , vol.117 , pp. 91-95
    • López, A.S.1    Alegre, E.2    Díaz-Lagares, A.3    García- Girón, C.4    Coma, M.J.5    González, A.6
  • 73
    • 33645214553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tryptophan metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with chronic brain injury
    • 16420391 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28%2FjtlSjsQ%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006. 01220.x
    • GM Mackay CM Forrest N Stoy J Christofides M Egerton TW Stone LG Darlington 2006 Tryptophan metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with chronic brain injury Eur J Neurol 13 30 42 16420391 1:STN:280: DC%2BD28%2FjtlSjsQ%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01220.x
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 30-42
    • MacKay, G.M.1    Forrest, C.M.2    Stoy, N.3    Christofides, J.4    Egerton, M.5    Stone, T.W.6    Darlington, L.G.7
  • 75
    • 77951737056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut CD103+dendritic cells express indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase which influences T regulatory/T effector cell balance and oral tolerance induction
    • 20427394 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvFKiu7Y%3D 10.1136/gut.2009.185108
    • G Matteoli E Mazzini ID Iliev E Mileti F Fallarino P Puccetti M Chieppa M Rescigno 2010 Gut CD103+dendritic cells express indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase which influences T regulatory/T effector cell balance and oral tolerance induction Gut 59 595 604 20427394 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvFKiu7Y%3D 10.1136/gut.2009.185108
    • (2010) Gut , vol.59 , pp. 595-604
    • Matteoli, G.1    Mazzini, E.2    Iliev, I.D.3    Mileti, E.4    Fallarino, F.5    Puccetti, P.6    Chieppa, M.7    Rescigno, M.8
  • 76
    • 78649880396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An interaction between kynurenine and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor can generate regulatory T cells
    • 20720200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFSntL7F 10.4049/jimmunol.0903670
    • JD Mezrich JH Fechner X Zhang BP Johnson WJ Burlingham CA Bradfield 2010 An interaction between kynurenine and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor can generate regulatory T cells J Immunol 185 3190 3198 20720200 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXhtFSntL7F 10.4049/jimmunol.0903670
    • (2010) J Immunol , vol.185 , pp. 3190-3198
    • Mezrich, J.D.1    Fechner, J.H.2    Zhang, X.3    Johnson, B.P.4    Burlingham, W.J.5    Bradfield, C.A.6
  • 77
    • 41949104569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Up-regulation of GLT1 expression increases glutamate uptake and attenuates the Huntington's disease phenotype in the R6/2 mouse
    • 18353560 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkvVOkurg%3D 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.02. 004
    • BR Miller JL Dorner M Shou Y Sari SJ Barton DR Sengelaub, et al. 2008 Up-regulation of GLT1 expression increases glutamate uptake and attenuates the Huntington's disease phenotype in the R6/2 mouse Neuroscience 153 329 337 18353560 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkvVOkurg%3D 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.02.004
    • (2008) Neuroscience , vol.153 , pp. 329-337
    • Miller, B.R.1    Dorner, J.L.2    Shou, M.3    Sari, Y.4    Barton, S.J.5    Sengelaub, D.R.6
  • 78
    • 0033056044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tryptophan metabolism and brain function: Focus on kynurenine and other indole metabolites
    • DOI 10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00196-X, PII S001429999900196X
    • F Moroni 1999 Tryptophan metabolism and brain function: focus on kynurenine and other indole metabolites Eur J Pharmacol 375 87 100 10443567 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXks1Crsro%3D 10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00196-X (Pubitemid 29317595)
    • (1999) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.375 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 87-100
    • Moroni, F.1
  • 79
  • 80
    • 0030018558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-hydroxykynurenine toxicity on the rat striatum in vivo
    • Y Nakagami H Saito H Katsuki 1996 3-Hydroxykynurenine toxicity on the rat striatum in vivo Jpn J Pharmacol 71 183 186 8835646 1:CAS:528: DyaK28XjvVWku7g%3D 10.1254/jjp.71.183 (Pubitemid 26235604)
    • (1996) Japanese Journal of Pharmacology , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-186
    • Nakagami, Y.1    Saito, H.2    Katsuki, H.3
  • 81
    • 59949094635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-infectious activity of tryptophan metabolites in the l-tryptophan-l-kynurenine pathway
    • 19122278 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmsVGmurw%3D 10.1248/bpb.32.41
    • K Narui N Noguchi A Saito K Kakimi N Motomura K Kubo 2009 Anti-infectious activity of tryptophan metabolites in the l-tryptophan-l-kynurenine pathway Biol Pharm Bull 32 41 44 19122278 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmsVGmurw%3D 10.1248/bpb.32.41
    • (2009) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.32 , pp. 41-44
    • Narui, K.1    Noguchi, N.2    Saito, A.3    Kakimi, K.4    Motomura, N.5    Kubo, K.6
  • 82
    • 22144432194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of kynurenines in the central and peripherial nervous systems
    • DOI 10.2174/1567202054368326
    • H Nemeth J Toldi L Vecsei 2005 Role of kynurenines in the central and peripheral nervous systems Curr Neurovasc Res 2 249 260 16181118 10.2174/1567202054368326 (Pubitemid 40980183)
    • (2005) Current Neurovascular Research , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-260
    • Nemeth, H.1    Toldi, J.2    Vecsei, L.3
  • 84
    • 0031972945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Hydroxykynurenine, an endogenous oxidative stress generator, causes neuronal cell death with apoptotic features and region selectivity
    • S Okuda N Nishiyama H Saito H Katsuki 1998 3-Hydroxykynurenine, an endogenous oxidative stress generator, causes neuronal cell death with apoptotic features and region selectivity J Neurochem 70 299 307 9422375 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmt1Wk 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70010299.x (Pubitemid 28020856)
    • (1998) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 299-307
    • Okuda, S.1    Nishiyama, N.2    Saito, H.3    Katsuki, H.4
  • 85
    • 0026783169 scopus 로고
    • Increased brain concentrations of a neurotoxin, 3-hydroxy-kynurenine, in Huntington's disease
    • 1436703 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXpvFGnsw%3D%3D 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90749-W
    • SJ Pearson GP Reynolds 1992 Increased brain concentrations of a neurotoxin, 3-hydroxy-kynurenine, in Huntington's disease Neurosci Lett 144 199 201 1436703 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXpvFGnsw%3D%3D 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90749-W
    • (1992) Neurosci Lett , vol.144 , pp. 199-201
    • Pearson, S.J.1    Reynolds, G.P.2
  • 86
    • 0029097723 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the activities of 3-hydroxykynureninease and kynurenine aminotransferase in the brain in Huntington's disease
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xjt1Cmuw%3D%3D 10.1007/BF01276566
    • SJ Pearson A Meldrum GP Reynolds 1995 An investigation of the activities of 3-hydroxykynureninease and kynurenine aminotransferase in the brain in Huntington's disease J Neural Transm 102 67 73 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xjt1Cmuw%3D%3D 10.1007/BF01276566
    • (1995) J Neural Transm , vol.102 , pp. 67-73
    • Pearson, S.J.1    Meldrum, A.2    Reynolds, G.P.3
  • 87
    • 61349084796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting oxidative/nitrergic stress ameliorates motor impairment, and attenuates synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in two models of Huntington's disease
    • 19100293 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisl2rsrk%3D 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.037
    • V Perez-De La Cruz D Elinos-Calderon Y Robledo-Arratia ON Medina-Campos J Pedraza-Chaverri SF Ali A Santamaria 2009 Targeting oxidative/nitrergic stress ameliorates motor impairment, and attenuates synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in two models of Huntington's disease Behav Brain Res 199 210 217 19100293 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisl2rsrk%3D 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.037
    • (2009) Behav Brain Res , vol.199 , pp. 210-217
    • Perez-De La Cruz, V.1    Elinos-Calderon, D.2    Robledo-Arratia, Y.3    Medina-Campos, O.N.4    Pedraza-Chaverri, J.5    Ali, S.F.6    Santamaria, A.7
  • 88
    • 0019967973 scopus 로고
    • An iontophoretic investigation of the actions of convulsant kynurenines and their interaction with the endogenous excitant quinolinic acid
    • DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(82)91048-4
    • MN Perkins TW Stone 1982 An iontophoretic investigation of the actions of convulsant kynurenines and their interaction with the endogenous excitant quinolinic acid Brain Res 247 184 187 6215086 1:CAS:528:DyaL38Xls1Slsr4%3D 10.1016/0006-8993(82)91048-4 (Pubitemid 12028646)
    • (1982) Brain Research , vol.247 , Issue.1 , pp. 184-187
    • Perkins, M.N.1    Stone, T.W.2
  • 89
    • 33646468351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in nonagenarians is markedly increased and predicts mortality
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjvVWmsLw%3D 10.1016/j.mad.2006.01.020
    • M Pertovaara A Raitala T Lehtimaki PJ Karhunen SS Oja M Jylha A Hervonen M Hurme 2006 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in nonagenarians is markedly increased and predicts mortality Mech Ageing Develop 127 497 499 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjvVWmsLw%3D 10.1016/j.mad.2006.01.020
    • (2006) Mech Ageing Develop , vol.127 , pp. 497-499
    • Pertovaara, M.1    Raitala, A.2    Lehtimaki, T.3    Karhunen, P.J.4    Oja, S.S.5    Jylha, M.6    Hervonen, A.7    Hurme, M.8
  • 90
    • 0034466499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experiences with the use of indole-3-pyruvic acid
    • 10721060 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXis1ygtro%3D 10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9-29
    • V Politi G Deluca V Gallai O Puca M Comin 1999 Clinical experiences with the use of indole-3-pyruvic acid Adv Exp Med Biol 467 227 232 10721060 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXis1ygtro%3D 10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9-29
    • (1999) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.467 , pp. 227-232
    • Politi, V.1    Deluca, G.2    Gallai, V.3    Puca, O.4    Comin, M.5
  • 92
    • 0024347246 scopus 로고
    • Increased brain 3-hydroxykynurenine in Huntington's disease
    • GP Reynolds SJ Pearson 1989 Increased brain 3-hydroxykynurenine in Huntington's disease Lancet 2 979 980 2571888 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FhtlOlsA%3D%3D 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90987-2 (Pubitemid 19255771)
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8669 , pp. 979-980
    • Reynolds, G.P.1    Pearson, S.J.2
  • 93
    • 66549100383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kynurenine pathway inhibition reduces central nervous system inflammation in a model of human African trypanosomiasis
    • 19339256 10.1093/brain/awp074
    • J Rodgers TW Stone MP Barratt B Bradley PG Kennedy 2009 Kynurenine pathway inhibition reduces central nervous system inflammation in a model of human African trypanosomiasis Brain 132 1259 1267 19339256 10.1093/brain/awp074
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 1259-1267
    • Rodgers, J.1    Stone, T.W.2    Barratt, M.P.3    Bradley, B.4    Kennedy, P.G.5
  • 94
    • 0031434549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of N-(4-phenylthiazol-2- yl)benzenesulfonamides as high-affinity inhibitors of kynurenine 3- hydroxylase
    • DOI 10.1021/jm970467t
    • S Roever AM Cesura P Hugenin R Kettler A Szente 1997 Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides as high-affinity inhibitors of kynurenine 3-hydroxylase J Med Chem 40 4378 4385 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtFKmtg%3D%3D 10.1021/jm970467t (Pubitemid 28042317)
    • (1997) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , vol.40 , Issue.26 , pp. 4378-4385
    • Rover, S.1    Cesura, A.M.2    Huguenin, P.3    Kettler, R.4    Szente, A.5
  • 95
    • 52049085768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of Huntington's disease: From huntingtin functions to potential treatments
    • 18607213 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpsFyjt70%3D 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328304b692
    • E Roze F Saudou J Caboche 2008 Pathophysiology of Huntington's disease: from huntingtin functions to potential treatments Curr Opin Neurol 21 497 503 18607213 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpsFyjt70%3D 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328304b692
    • (2008) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 497-503
    • Roze, E.1    Saudou, F.2    Caboche, J.3
  • 96
    • 0026489478 scopus 로고
    • Effects of immune activation on quinolinic acid and neuroactive kynurenines in the mouse
    • 1465184 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXnvFaktQ%3D%3D 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90467-G
    • K Saito SP Markey MP Heyes 1992 Effects of immune activation on quinolinic acid and neuroactive kynurenines in the mouse Neuroscience 51 25 39 1465184 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXnvFaktQ%3D%3D 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90467-G
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.51 , pp. 25-39
    • Saito, K.1    Markey, S.P.2    Heyes, M.P.3
  • 97
    • 0027459915 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of delayed increases in kynurenine pathway metabolism in damaged brain regions following transient cerebral ischemia
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05836.x
    • K Saito TS Nowak SP Markey MP Heyes 1993 Mechanism of delayed increases in kynurenine pathway metabolism in damaged brain-regions following transient cerebral-ischemia J Neurochem 60 180 192 8417138 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXpvFGqtQ%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05836.x (Pubitemid 23006716)
    • (1993) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 180-192
    • Saito, K.1    Nowak Jr., T.S.2    Markey, S.P.3    Heyes, M.P.4
  • 98
    • 0027524549 scopus 로고
    • Kynurenine pathway enzymes in brain: Responses to ischemic brain injury versus systemic immune activation
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07443.x
    • K Saito TS Nowak K Suyama BJ Quearry M Saito JS Crowley SP Markey MP Heyes 1993 Kynurenine pathway enzymes in brain-responses to ischemic brain injury versus systemic immune activation J Neurochem 61 2061 2070 8245962 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivVKksA%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07443.x (Pubitemid 23354062)
    • (1993) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 2061-2070
    • Saito, K.1    Nowak Jr., T.S.2    Suyama, K.3    Quearry, B.J.4    Saito, M.5    Crowley, J.S.6    Markey, S.P.7    Heyes, M.P.8
  • 101
    • 77953107292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunctional kynurenine pathway metabolism in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease
    • 20236387 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvFaktLg%3D
    • KV Sathyasaikumar EK Stachowski L Amori P Guidetti PJ Muchowski R Schwarcz 2010 Dysfunctional kynurenine pathway metabolism in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease J Neurochem 113 1416 1425 20236387 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvFaktLg%3D
    • (2010) J Neurochem , vol.113 , pp. 1416-1425
    • Sathyasaikumar, K.V.1    Stachowski, E.K.2    Amori, L.3    Guidetti, P.4    Muchowski, P.J.5    Schwarcz, R.6
  • 102
    • 4644335290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neopterin to monitor clinical pathologies involving interferon-γ production
    • K Schroecksnadel C Murr C Winkler B Wirleitner LC Fruith D Fuchs 2004 Neopterin to monitor clinical pathologies involving interferon-gamma production Pteridines 15 75 90 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXotFaqtrc%3D (Pubitemid 39280257)
    • (2004) Pteridines , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 75-90
    • Schroecksnadel, K.1    Murr, C.2    Winkler, C.3    Wirleitner, B.4    Fuith, L.C.5    Fuchs, D.6
  • 103
    • 0020702374 scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic acid: An endogenous metabolite that produces axon-sparing lesions in rat brain
    • R Schwarcz WO Jnr Whetsell RM Mangano 1983 Quinolinic acid: an endogenous metabolite that produces axon-sparing lesions in rat brain Science 219 316 318 6849138 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXmvF2gsQ%3D%3D 10.1126/science.6849138 (Pubitemid 13222319)
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , Issue.4582 , pp. 316-318
    • Schwarcz, R.1    Whetsell Jr., W.O.2    Mangano, R.M.3
  • 104
    • 0024024251 scopus 로고
    • 3-Hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase activity is increased in the brains of Huntington disease victims
    • 2967497 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXktlKjtbc%3D 10.1073/pnas.85.11.4079
    • R Schwarcz E Okuno RJ White ED Bird WO Jnr Whetsell 1988 3-Hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase activity is increased in the brains of Huntington disease victims Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 4079 4081 2967497 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXktlKjtbc%3D 10.1073/pnas.85.11.4079
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.85 , pp. 4079-4081
    • Schwarcz, R.1    Okuno, E.2    White, R.J.3    Bird, E.D.4    Jnr Whetsell, W.O.5
  • 105
    • 0036784518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of brain kynurenines: Glial targets, neuronal effects, and clinical opportunities
    • 12235226 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnsV2ru7k%3D 10.1124/jpet.102.034439
    • R Schwarcz R Pellicciari 2002 Manipulation of brain kynurenines: glial targets, neuronal effects, and clinical opportunities J Pharmacol Exp Ther 303 1 10 12235226 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnsV2ru7k%3D 10.1124/jpet.102.034439
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.303 , pp. 1-10
    • Schwarcz, R.1    Pellicciari, R.2
  • 106
    • 76849100874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of mice, rats and men: Revisiting the quinolinic acid hypothesis of Huntington's disease
    • 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.04.005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXisFOmu7w%3D
    • R Schwarcz P Guidetti KV Sathyasaikumar PJ Muchowski 2009 Of mice, rats and men: revisiting the quinolinic acid hypothesis of Huntington's disease Progr Neurobiol 90 230 245 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.04.005 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXisFOmu7w%3D
    • (2009) Progr Neurobiol , vol.90 , pp. 230-245
    • Schwarcz, R.1    Guidetti, P.2    Sathyasaikumar, K.V.3    Muchowski, P.J.4
  • 107
    • 0026779799 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of somatosensory evoked-potentials in the quinolinic acid model of Huntingtons-disease-evidence that basal ganglia modulate sensory cortical input
    • 1329611 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2Fjslahtw%3D%3D 10.1002/ana.410320309
    • M Schwarz F Block R Topper KH Sontag J Noth 1992 Abnormalities of somatosensory evoked-potentials in the quinolinic acid model of Huntingtons-disease-evidence that basal ganglia modulate sensory cortical input Ann Neurol 32 358 364 1329611 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2Fjslahtw%3D%3D 10.1002/ana.410320309
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 358-364
    • Schwarz, M.1    Block, F.2    Topper, R.3    Sontag, K.H.4    Noth, J.5
  • 108
    • 0036271165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologic alterations in schizophrenia: Neopterin, L-kynurenine, tryptophan and T-cell subsets in the acute stage of illness
    • B Sperner-Unterweger C Miller B Holzner A Laich B Widner WW Fleischhacker D Fuchs 2002 Immunologic alterations in schizophrenia: neopterin, L-kynurenine, tryptophan and T-cell subsets in the acute stage of illness Pteridines 13 9 14 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XksFWjt78%3D (Pubitemid 34586905)
    • (2002) Pteridines , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-14
    • Sperner-Unterweger, B.1    Miller, C.2    Holzner, B.3    Laich, A.4    Widner, B.5    Fleischhacker, W.W.6    Fuchs, D.7
  • 109
    • 0027486072 scopus 로고
    • The neuropharmacology of quinolinic and kynurenic acids
    • 8248282 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmtFKltr8%3D
    • TW Stone 1993 The neuropharmacology of quinolinic and kynurenic acids Pharmacol Rev 45 309 379 8248282 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmtFKltr8%3D
    • (1993) Pharmacol Rev , vol.45 , pp. 309-379
    • Stone, T.W.1
  • 110
    • 0036690151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development
    • DOI 10.1038/nrd870
    • TW Stone LG Darlington 2002 Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development Nat Rev Drug Discov 1 609 620 12402501 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlslGqtr4%3D 10.1038/nrd870 (Pubitemid 37361524)
    • (2002) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery , vol.1 , Issue.8 , pp. 609-620
    • Stone, T.W.1    Darlington, L.G.2
  • 111
    • 0019440926 scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic acid: A potent endogenous excitant at amino acid receptors in CNS
    • DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(81)90587-2
    • TW Stone MN Perkins 1981 Quinolinic acid: a potent endogenous excitant at amino acid receptors in the CNS Eur J Pharmacol 72 411 412 6268428 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXlsVChs7Y%3D 10.1016/0014-2999(81)90587-2 (Pubitemid 11081065)
    • (1981) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 411-412
    • Stone, T.W.1    Perkins, M.N.2
  • 112
    • 0035123904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kynurenines in the CNS: From endogenous obscurity to therapeutic importance
    • DOI 10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00032-0, PII S0301008200000320
    • TW Stone 2001 Kynurenines in the CNS-from obscurity to therapeutic importance Prog Neurobiol 64 185 218 11240212 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhs1aqsbY%3D 10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00032-0 (Pubitemid 32195412)
    • (2001) Progress in Neurobiology , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-218
    • Stone, T.W.1
  • 113
    • 34250017113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kynurenic acid blocks nicotinic synaptic transmission to hippocampal interneurons in young rats
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05540.x
    • TW Stone 2007 Kynurenic acid blocks nicotinic synaptic transmission to hippocampal interneurons in young rats Eur J Neurosci 25 2656 2665 17459105 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05540.x (Pubitemid 46888851)
    • (2007) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.25 , Issue.9 , pp. 2656-2665
    • Stone, T.W.1
  • 114
    • 0028362759 scopus 로고
    • Movement disorder following excitotoxin lesions in primates
    • E Storey PB Cipolloni RJ Ferrrante NW Kowall MF Beal 1994 Movement disorder following excitotoxin lesions in primates Neuroreport 5 1259 1261 7919178 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmtVahu7g%3D (Pubitemid 24199811)
    • (1994) NeuroReport , vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp. 1259-1261
    • Storey, E.1    Cipolloni, P.B.2    Ferrante, R.J.3    Kowall, N.W.4    Flint Beal, M.5
  • 115
    • 18144386929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tryptophan metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Huntington's disease
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03070.x
    • N Stoy GM Mackay CM Forrest J Christofides M Egerton TW Stone LG Darlington 2005 Tryptophan metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Huntington's disease J Neurochem 93 611 623 15836620 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXktFKgtbY%3D 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03070.x (Pubitemid 40617621)
    • (2005) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.93 , Issue.3 , pp. 611-623
    • Stoy, N.1    Mackay, G.M.2    Forrest, C.M.3    Christofides, J.4    Egerton, M.5    Stone, T.W.6    Darlington, L.G.7
  • 116
    • 0033982887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical damage in the Huntington R6/2 transgenic mouse
    • DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(200001)47:1<80::AID-ANA13>3.0.CO;2-K
    • SJ Tabrizi J Workman PE Hart L Mangiarini A Mahal G Bates JM Cooper AHV Schapira 2000 Mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical damage in the Huntington R6/2 transgenic mouse Ann Neurol 47 80 86 10632104 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FpsF2ltw%3D%3D 10.1002/1531-8249(200001)47:1<80::AID- ANA13>3.0.CO;2-K (Pubitemid 30033653)
    • (2000) Annals of Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-86
    • Tabrizi, S.J.1    Workman, J.2    Hart, P.E.3    Mangiarini, L.4    Mahal, A.5    Bates, G.6    Cooper, J.M.7    Schapira, A.H.V.8
  • 117
    • 0029066045 scopus 로고
    • Effects of striatal excitotoxicity on Huntington-like immunoreactivity
    • 7662892 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmslyntbc%3D 10.1097/00001756-199505300-00013
    • SB Tatter WR Galpern AT Hoogeveen O Isacson 1995 Effects of striatal excitotoxicity on Huntington-like immunoreactivity Neuroreport 6 1125 1129 7662892 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmslyntbc%3D 10.1097/00001756-199505300-00013
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.6 , pp. 1125-1129
    • Tatter, S.B.1    Galpern, W.R.2    Hoogeveen, A.T.3    Isacson, O.4
  • 119
    • 0037136266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of allogeneic T cell proliferation by indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-expressing dendritic cells: Mediation of suppression by tryptophan metabolites
    • 12186837 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmsV2htLg%3D 10.1084/jem.20020052
    • P Terness TM Bauer L Rose C Dufter A Watzlik H Simon G Opelz 2002 Inhibition of allogeneic T cell proliferation by indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-expressing dendritic cells: mediation of suppression by tryptophan metabolites J Exp Med 196 447 457 12186837 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmsV2htLg%3D 10.1084/jem.20020052
    • (2002) J Exp Med , vol.196 , pp. 447-457
    • Terness, P.1    Bauer, T.M.2    Rose, L.3    Dufter, C.4    Watzlik, A.5    Simon, H.6    Opelz, G.7
  • 120
    • 64049119303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyglutamine disruption of the huntingtin exon 1 N terminus triggers a complex aggregation mechanism
    • 19270701 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXivVKlsLg%3D 10.1038/nsmb.1570
    • AK Thakur M Jayaraman R Mishra M Thakur VM Chellgren IJ Byeon, et al. 2009 Polyglutamine disruption of the huntingtin exon 1 N terminus triggers a complex aggregation mechanism Nat Struct Mol Biol 16 380 389 19270701 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXivVKlsLg%3D 10.1038/nsmb.1570
    • (2009) Nat Struct Mol Biol , vol.16 , pp. 380-389
    • Thakur, A.K.1    Jayaraman, M.2    Mishra, R.3    Thakur, M.4    Chellgren, V.M.5    Byeon, I.J.6
  • 121
    • 85009332113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unified Huntington's disease rating scale: Reliability and consistency
    • DOI 10.1002/mds.870110204
    • The Huntington Study Group 1996 Unified Huntington's disease rating scale: reliability and consistency Mov Disord 11 136 142 10.1002/mds.870110204 (Pubitemid 26082779)
    • (1996) Movement Disorders , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-142
    • Kieburtz, K.1
  • 122
    • 0033376234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox reactions related to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway
    • SR Thomas R Stocker 1999 Redox reactions related to indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase and tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway Redox Rep 4 199 220 10731095 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtl2hu7w%3D 10.1179/135100099101534927 (Pubitemid 30088218)
    • (1999) Redox Report , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 199-220
    • Thomas, S.R.1    Stocker, R.2
  • 123
    • 12644298632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is an efficient, cell-derived co-antioxidant for α-tocopherol, inhibiting human low density lipoprotein and plasma lipid peroxidation
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.271.51.32714
    • SR Thomas PK Witting R Stocker 1996 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is an efficient, cell-derived co-antioxidant for alpha-tocopherol, inhibiting human low density lipoprotein and plasma lipid peroxidation J Biol Chem 271 32714 32721 8955104 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmvVOg 10.1074/jbc.271.51.32714 (Pubitemid 27008696)
    • (1996) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.271 , Issue.51 , pp. 32714-32721
    • Thomas, S.R.1    Witting, P.K.2    Stocker, R.3
  • 124
    • 0032897760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired synaptic plasticity in mice carrying the Huntington's disease mutation
    • MT Usdin PF Shelbourne RM Myers DV Madison 1999 Impaired synaptic plasticity in mice carrying the Huntington's disease mutation Human Mol Genet 8 839 846 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXivFamtrw%3D 10.1093/hmg/8.5.839 (Pubitemid 29189051)
    • (1999) Human Molecular Genetics , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 839-846
    • Usdin, M.T.1    Shelbourne, P.F.2    Myers, R.M.3    Madison, D.V.4
  • 125
    • 0025776094 scopus 로고
    • Comparative behavioral and neurochemical studies with striatal kainic acid-lesioned or quinolinic acid-lesioned rats
    • 1719569 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXltlegsLc%3D 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90211-J
    • L Vecsei MF Beal 1991 Comparative behavioral and neurochemical studies with striatal kainic acid-lesioned or quinolinic acid-lesioned rats Pharmacol Biochem Behav 39 473 478 1719569 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXltlegsLc%3D 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90211-J
    • (1991) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.39 , pp. 473-478
    • Vecsei, L.1    Beal, M.F.2
  • 126
    • 33845337987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in adult and neonatal stroke
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cnr.2006.09.008, PII S1566277206000466, Immune Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration
    • ZS Vexler XN Tang MA Yenari 2006 Inflammation in adult and neonatal stroke Clin Neurosci Res 6 293 313 20300490 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht12ksb3L 10.1016/j.cnr.2006.09.008 (Pubitemid 44872641)
    • (2006) Clinical Neuroscience Research , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 293-313
    • Vexler, Z.S.1    Tang, X.N.2    Yenari, M.A.3
  • 128
    • 0036982779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tryptophan metabolites as scavengers of reactive oxygen and chlorine species
    • G Weiss A Diez-Ruiz C Murr I Theurl D Fuchs 2002 Tryptophan metabolites as scavengers of reactive oxygen and chlorine species Pteridines 13 140 144 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtlCku7c%3D (Pubitemid 36188286)
    • (2002) Pteridines , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 140-144
    • Weiss, G.1    Diez-Ruiz, A.2    Murr, C.3    Theur, I.4    Fuchs, D.5
  • 129
    • 0023276687 scopus 로고
    • Human macrophages degrade tryptophan upon induction by interferon-gamma
    • DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90149-4
    • ER Werner G Bitterlich D Fuchs A Hausen G Reibnegger G Szabo 1987 Human macrophages degrade tryptophan upon induction by interferon-γ Life Sci 41 273 280 3110526 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXksFOiur4%3D 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90149-4 (Pubitemid 17109654)
    • (1987) Life Sciences , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-280
    • Werner, E.R.1    Bitterlich, G.2    Fuchs, D.3
  • 130
    • 0024317795 scopus 로고
    • Parallel induction of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in human cells and cell lines by interferon-γ
    • ER Werner G Werner-Felmayer D Fuchs A Hausen G Reibnegger H Wachter 1989 Parallel induction of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase activity in human cells and cell lines by interferon-gamma Biochem J 262 861 866 2511835 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXlvFars74%3D (Pubitemid 19225160)
    • (1989) Biochemical Journal , vol.262 , Issue.3 , pp. 861-866
    • Werner, E.R.1    Werner-Felmayer, G.2    Fuchs, D.3    Hausen, A.4    Reibnegger, G.5    Wachter, H.6
  • 132
    • 0034280245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-gamma-induced tryptophan degradation: Neuropsychiatric and immunological consequences
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntlOrs7g%3D 10.2174/1389200003339063
    • B Widner M Ledochowski D Fuchs 2000 Interferon-gamma-induced tryptophan degradation: neuropsychiatric and immunological consequences Curr Drug Metabol 1 193 204 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXntlOrs7g%3D 10.2174/1389200003339063
    • (2000) Curr Drug Metabol , vol.1 , pp. 193-204
    • Widner, B.1    Ledochowski, M.2    Fuchs, D.3
  • 134
    • 33947700405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-G in the Nervous System
    • DOI 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.10.021, PII S0198885906005659
    • H Wiendl 2007 HLA-G in the nervous system Human Immunol 68 286 293 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjslShsrk%3D 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.10.021 (Pubitemid 46497519)
    • (2007) Human Immunology , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 286-293
    • Wiendl, H.1
  • 135
    • 0042811001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-γ-induced conversion of tryptophan: Immunologic and neuropsychiatric aspects
    • B Wirleitner G Neurauter K Schrocksnadel B Frick D Fuchs 2003 Interferon-gamma-induced conversion of tryptophan: immunologic and neuropsychiatric aspects Curr Med Chem 10 1581 1591 12871129 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXls1Wru74%3D 10.2174/0929867033457179 (Pubitemid 36896559)
    • (2003) Current Medicinal Chemistry , vol.10 , Issue.16 , pp. 1581-1591
    • Wirleitner, B.1    Neurauter, G.2    Schrocksnadel, K.3    Frick, B.4    Fuchs, D.5
  • 137
    • 54049133593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDO: A double-edged sword for T(H)1/T(H)2 regulation
    • 18824197 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht12lsbbK 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.08.008
    • H Xu GX Zhang B Ciric A Rostami 2008 IDO: a double-edged sword for T(H)1/T(H)2 regulation Immunol Lett 121 1 6 18824197 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXht12lsbbK 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.08.008
    • (2008) Immunol Lett , vol.121 , pp. 1-6
    • Xu, H.1    Zhang, G.X.2    Ciric, B.3    Rostami, A.4
  • 138
    • 78650673114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDO upregulates regulatory T cells via tryptophan catabolite and suppresses encephalitogenic T cell responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • 20944000 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtlOhsbrI 10.4049/jimmunol.1001628
    • Y Yan GX Zhang B Gran F Fallarino S Yu H Li ML Cullimore A Roatami H Xu 2010 IDO upregulates regulatory T cells via tryptophan catabolite and suppresses encephalitogenic T cell responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis J Immunol 185 5953 5961 20944000 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtlOhsbrI 10.4049/jimmunol.1001628
    • (2010) J Immunol , vol.185 , pp. 5953-5961
    • Yan, Y.1    Zhang, G.X.2    Gran, B.3    Fallarino, F.4    Yu, S.5    Li, H.6    Cullimore, M.L.7    Roatami, A.8    Xu, H.9
  • 140
    • 77952788086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of selective immune tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus during pregnancy: Role of tryptophan catabolites
    • 20428785 10.3892/ijmm-00000411
    • BT Zhu 2010 Development of selective immune tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus during pregnancy: role of tryptophan catabolites Int J Mol Med 25 831 835 20428785 10.3892/ijmm-00000411
    • (2010) Int J Mol Med , vol.25 , pp. 831-835
    • Zhu, B.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.