The potential for increasing the concentrations of micro-nutrients relevant to human nutrition in meat, milk and eggs

Journal of Agricultural Science

Volumn 148, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 603-614

  Rooke, J A ^a   Flockhart, J F ^a   Sparks, N H ^a  

^a SCOTTISH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); FOOD CONSUMPTION; FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION; GREENHOUSE GAS; IODIDE; MILK; MUSCLE; NUTRIENT UPTAKE; NUTRITIVE VALUE; OBESITY; POLICY ANALYSIS; TRACE ELEMENT; VITAMIN;

EID: 78650530961     PISSN: 00218596     EISSN: 14695146     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S002185961000047X     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. 6 to male chickens on the nutrient composition of broiler breast meat. Journal of Food Science 49, 590-592.
2. APPLE, J.K., WALLIS-PHELPS, W.A., MAXWELL, C.V., RAKES, L.K., SAWYER, J.T., HUTCHISON, S. & FAKLER, T. M. (2007). Effect of supplemental iron on finishing swine performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality during retail display. Journal of Animal Science 85, 737-745. (Pubitemid 46651874)
3. ARNETT, A.M., DIKEMAN, M.E., DANIEL, M.J., OLSON, K. C., JAEGER, J. & PERRETT, J. (2009). Effects of vitamin A supplementation and weaning age on serum and liver retinol concentrations, carcass traits, and lipid composition in market beef cattle. Meat Science 81, 596-606.
4. BALLET, N., ROBERT, J.C. & WILLIAMS, P.E.V. (2000). Vitamins in forages. In Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition (Eds D. I. Givens, E. Owen, R. F. E. Axford & H. M. Omed), pp. 399-431. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
5. BENNETT, G.L. & FIELD, R.A. (1985). A note on the influence of breed and sire differences on iron and zinc concentration of lamb muscle. Animal Production 41, 421-424.
6. BIERLA, K., DERNOVICS, M., VACCHINA, V., SZPUNAR, J., BERTIN, G. & LOBINSKI, R. (2008). Determination of selenocysteine and selenomethionine in edible animal tissues by 2D size-exclusion reversed-phase HPLC-ICP MS following carbamidomethylation and proteolytic extraction. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 390, 1789-1798. (Pubitemid 351473870)
7. BOHMER, B. M. & ROTH-MAIER, D. A. (2007). Effects of high-level dietary B-vitamins on performance, body composition and tissue vitamin contents of growing/finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 91, 6-10.
8. BOU, R., GUARDIOLA, F., TRES, A., BARROETA, A.C. & CODONY, R. (2004). Effect of dietary fish oil, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, and zinc supplementation on the composition and consumer acceptability of chicken meat. Poultry Science 83, 282-292. (Pubitemid 39204486)
9. BOU, R., GUARDIOLA, F., BARROETA, A.C. & CODONY, R. (2005). Effect of dietary fat sources and zinc and selenium supplements on the composition and consumer acceptability of chicken meat. Poultry Science 84, 1129-1140. (Pubitemid 41102204)
10. BOU, R., GRIMPA, S., BAUCELLS, M.D., CODONY, R. & GUARDIOLA, F. (2006). Dose and duration effect of alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on chicken meat fatty acid composition, tocopherol content, and oxidative status. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, 5020-5026. (Pubitemid 44140897)
11. BOURRE, J. M. & GALEA, F. (2006). An important source of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins D and E, carotenoids, iodine and selenium: a new natural multi-enriched egg. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging 10, 371-376. (Pubitemid 44845347)
12. BUNCHASAK, C. & KACHANA, S. (2009). Dietary folate and vitamin B12 supplementation and consequent vitamin deposition in chicken eggs. Tropical Animal Health and Production 41, 1583-1589.
13. CAIRO, G., BERNUZZI, F. & RECALCATI, S. (2006). A precious metal: iron, an essential nutrient for all cells. Genes and Nutrition 1, 25-39.
14. CEBALLOS, A., SANCHEZ, J., STRYHN, H., MONTGOMERY, J. B., BARKEMA, H. W. & WICHTEL, J. J. (2009). Meta-analysis of the effect of oral selenium supplementation on milk selenium concentration in cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 324-342.
15. CHIKUNYA, S., DEMIREL, G., ENSER, M., WOOD, J.D., WILKINSON, R.G. & SINCLAIR, L.A. (2004). Biohydrogenation of dietary n-3 PUFA and stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen, and their effects on microbial activity in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 91, 539-550. (Pubitemid 38584778)
16. CHO, H. W. & AHN, B. H. (2006). Effects of dietary vitamin E levels on carcass characteristics, vitamin E concentration of longissimus muscle and lipid oxidation in Hanwoo steers. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 48, 827-838.
17. CHOWANADISAI, W., LONNERDAL, B. & KELLEHER, S.L. (2006). Identification of a mutation in SLC30A2 (ZnT-2) in women with low milk zinc concentration that results in transient neonatal zinc deficiency. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, 39699-39707. (Pubitemid 46041929)
18. COMA (1991). Dietary Reference Values for Food, Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values, Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. London: HMSO.
19. COPE, C.M., MACKENZIE, A.M., WILDE, D. & SINCLAIR, L. A. (2009). Effects of level and form of dietary zinc on dairy cow performance and health. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 2128-2135.
20. COUSINS, R.J., LIUZZI, J.P. & LICHTEN, L.A. (2006). Mammalian zinc transport, trafficking, and signals. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, 24085-24089.
21. DANNENBERGER, D., REICHARDT, W., DANIER, J., NUERNBERG, K., NUERNBERG, G. & ENDER, K. (2007). Investigations on selected essential micronutrients in muscle of German pure and crossbred pigs. Fleischwirtschaft 87, 90-93. (Pubitemid 47342390)
22. DE LA FUENTE, J., DIAZ, M. T., ALVAREZ, I., LAUZURICA, S., CANEQUE, V. & PEREZ, C. (2007). Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin E on characteristics of vacuum-packed lamb. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87, 651-659. (Pubitemid 46374842)
23. DEBIER, C. & LARONDELLE, Y. (2005). Vitamins A and E: metabolism, roles and transfer to offspring. British Journal of Nutrition 93, 153-174.
24. FAIRWEATHER-TAIT, S. J. (2004). Iron nutrition in the UK: getting the balance right. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, 519-528.
25. FOLHOFFER, A., FERENCI, P., CSAK, T., HORVATH, A., HEGEDUS, D., FIRNEISZ, G., OSZTOVITS, J., KOSA, J.P., WILLHEIM-POLLI, C., SZONYI, L., ABONYI, M., LAKATOS, P. L. & SZALAY, F. (2007). Novel mutations of the ATP7B gene among 109 Hungarian patients with Wilson's disease. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 19, 105-111. (Pubitemid 46204326)
26. FOOD STANDARDS AGENCY (2002). McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 6th edn. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry.
27. FRANKE, B. M., HALDIMANN, M., REIMANN, J., BAUMER, B., GREMAUD, G., HADORN, R., BOSSET, J.O. & KREUZER, M. (2007). Indications for the applicability of element signature analysis for the determination of the geographic origin of dried beef and poultry meat. European Food Research and Technology 225, 501-509. (Pubitemid 46945669)
28. FRANKE, B.M., HALDIMANN, M., GREMAUD, G., BOSSET, J. O., HADORN, R. & KREUZER, M. (2008a). Element signature analysis: its validation as a tool for geographic authentication of the origin of dried beef and poultry meat. European Food Research and Technology 227, 701-708. (Pubitemid 351814517)
29. FRANKE, K., SCHONE, F., BERK, A., LEITERER, M. & FLACHOWSKY, G. (2008b). Influence of dietary iodine on the iodine content of pork and the distribution of the trace element in the body. European Journal of Nutrition 47, 40-46.
30. 12 in growing-finishing pigs: impact on growth performance and meat quality. Archives of Animal Nutrition 62, 193-206. (Pubitemid 351878828)
31. GIRARD, C. L. & MATTE, J. J. (2005). Folic acid and vitamin B-12 requirements of dairy cows: a concept to be revised. Livestock Production Science 98, 123-133.
32. GIRARD, C. L., LAPIERRE, H., MATTE, J. J. & LOBLEY, G. E. (2005). Effects of dietary supplements of folic acid and rumen-protected methionine on lactational performance and folate metabolism of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 660-670. (Pubitemid 40771962)
33. 12 concentrations in plasma and muscle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87, 277-280. (Pubitemid 47138229)
34. 12 and its analogs in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 4524-4529.
35. GIVENS, D.I., ALLISON, R. & BLAKE, J.S. (2003). Enhancement of oleic acid and vitamin E concentrations of bovine milk using dietary supplements of whole rapeseed and vitamin E. Animal Research 52, 531-542. (Pubitemid 38161654)
36. GONCALVES, I. D. V., GONCALVES, P. B. D., DA SILVA, J. C., PORTELA, V.V., BORGES, L.F.K., OLIVEIRA, J.F.C. & LOVATTO, P. A. (2008). Interaction between estrogen receptor and retinol-binding protein-4 polymorphisms as a tool for the selection of prolific pigs. Genetics and Molecular Biology 31, 481-486.
37. GRAULET, B., MATTE, J.J., DESROCHERS, A., DOEPEL, L., PALIN, M. F. & GIRARD, C. L. (2007). Effects of dietary supplements of folic acid and vitamin B-12 on metabolism of dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 3442-3455. (Pubitemid 350063990)
38. HARTMANN, S., EDER, K. & KIRCHGESSNER, M. (1994). Marginal copper and iron supply of pigs. 1. Influence on hematological parameters, enzymes and copper and iron concentrations in various tissues. Archives of Animal Nutrition-Archiv fur Tierernahrung 47, 91-106.
39. HEBERT, K., HOUSE, J. D. & GUENTER, W. (2005). Effect of dietary folic acid supplementation on egg folate content and the performance and folate status of two strains of laying hens. Poultry Science 84, 1533-1538. (Pubitemid 44509835)
40. HENDERSON, L., IRVING, K. & GREGORY, J. (2002). The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years. London: The Stationery Office.
41. HENRY, P. R., LITTELL, R. C. & AMMERMAN, C. B. (1997). Effect of high dietary zinc concentration and length of zinc feeding on feed intake and tissue zinc concentration in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 66, 237-245.
42. HERNÁNDEZ, A., PLUSKE, J. R., D'SOUZA, D. N. & MULLAN, B. P. (2008). Levels of copper and zinc in diets for growing and finishing pigs can be reduced without detrimental effects on production and mineral status. Animal 2, 1763-1771.
43. HOGBERG, A., PICKOVA, J., BABOL, J., ANDERSSON, K. & DUTTA, P. C. (2002). Muscle lipids, vitamins E and A, and lipid oxidation as affected by diet and RN genotype in female and castrated male Hampshire crossbreed pigs. Meat Science 60, 411-420. (Pubitemid 36426547)
44. HOLLO, G., NUERNBERG, K., HOLLO, I., CSAPO, J., SEREGI, J., REPA, I. & ENDER, K. (2007). Effect of feeding on the composition of longissmus muscle of Hungarian Grey and Holstein Friesian bulls. III. Amino acid composition and mineral content. Archiv fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding 50, 575-586. (Pubitemid 350254616)
45. HOEY, L., MCNULTY, H., MCCANN, E.M. E., MCCRACKEN, K. J., SCOTT, J.M., MARC, B.B., MOLLOY, A.M., GRAHAM, C. & PENTIEVA, K. (2009). Laying hens can convert high doses of folic acid added to the feed into natural folates in eggs providing a novel source of food folate. British Journal of Nutrition 101, 206-212.
46. HOUSE, J. D., BRAUN, K., BALLANCE, D. M., O'CONNOR, C. P. & GUENTER, W. (2002). The enrichment of eggs with folic acid through supplementation of the laying hen diet. Poultry Science 81, 1332-1337. (Pubitemid 39615816)
47. IRIE, M., INNO, Y., ISHIZUKA, Y., NISHIOKA, T. & MORITA, T. (2006). Vitamins A and E in carcass fat from Japanese Black and F1 cross cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 19, 1266-1270. (Pubitemid 44566271)
48. JENSEN, S.K., JENSEN, C., JAKOBSEN, K., ENGBERG, R. M., ANDERSEN, J. O., LAURIDSEN, C., SORENSEN, P., SKIBSTED, L. H. & BERTELSEN, G. (1998). Supplementation of broiler diets with retinol acetate, beta-carotene or canthaxanthin: effect on vitamin status and oxidative status of broilers in vivo and on meat stability. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A-Animal Science 48, 28-37. (Pubitemid 128705859)
49. JUNIPER, D. T., PHIPPS, R. H., RAMOS-MORALES, E. & BERTIN, G. (2008). Effect of dietary supplementation with selenium-enriched yeast or sodium selenite on selenium tissue distribution and meat quality in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 86, 3100-3109.
50. KESSLER, J., MOREL, I., DUFEY, P.A., GUTZWILLER, A., STERN, A. & GEYER, H. (2003). Effect of organic zinc sources on performance, zinc status and carcass, meat and claw quality in fattening bulls. Livestock Production Science 81, 161-171. (Pubitemid 36610384)
51. KING, J. C., SHAMES, D. M. & WOODHOUSE, L. R. (2000). Zinc homeostasis in humans. Journal of Nutrition 130, 1360S-1366S.
52. KNOWLES, S.O., GRACE, N.D., KNIGHT, T.W., MCNABB, W. C. & LEE, J. (2006). Reasons and means for manipulating the micronutrient composition of milk from grazing dairy cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131, 154-167. (Pubitemid 44693013)
53. LAWRIE, R. A. & LEDWARD, D. A. (2006). Lawrie's Meat Science. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited.
54. LEE, J., TRELOAR, B.P. & GRACE, N.D. (1994). Metallothionein and trace-element metabolism in sheep tissues in response to high and sustained zinc dosages. 2. Expression of metallothionein m-RNA. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, 321-332.
55. LEESON, S. (2009). Copper metabolism and dietary needs. World's Poultry Science Journal 65, 353-366.
56. LEESON, S. & CASTON, L. J. (2003). Vitamin enrichment of eggs. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12, 24-26. (Pubitemid 36413214)
57. LU, Y., SULIMAN, S., HANSEN, H. R. & FELDMANN, J. (2006). Iodine excretion and accumulation in seaweed-eating sheep from Orkney, Scotland. Environmental Chemistry 3, 338-344. (Pubitemid 44657282)
58. MAHAN, D. C. & PARRETT, N. A. (1996). Evaluating the efficacy of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite on tissue selenium retention and serum glutathione per-oxidase activity in grower and finisher swine. Journal of Animal Science 74, 2967-2974.
59. MAHAN, D. C., CLINE, T. R. & RICHERT, B. (1999). Effects of dietary levels of selenium-enriched yeast and sodium selenite as selenium sources fed to growing-finishing pigs on performance, tissue selenium, serum glutathione peroxidase activity, carcass characteristics, and loin quality. Journal of Animal Science 77, 2172-2179. (Pubitemid 129598173)
60. MALCOLM-CALLIS, K.J., DUFF, G.C., GUNTER, S.A., KEGLEY, E. B. & VERMEIRE, D.A. (2000). Effects of supplemental zinc concentration and source on performance, carcass characteristics, and serum values in finishing beef steers. Journal of Animal Science 78, 2801-2808.
61. MCCANN, M.E.E., MCCRACKEN, K. J., HOEY, L., PENTIEVA, K., MCNULTY, H. & SCOTT, J. L. (2004). Effect of dietary folic acid supplementation on the folate content of broiler chicken meat. British Poultry Science 45, S65-S66. (Pubitemid 38946773)
62. MEYER, U., WEIGEL, K., SCHONE, F., LEITERER, M. & FLACHOWSKY, G. (2008). Effect of dietary iodine on growth and iodine status of growing fattening bulls. Livestock Science 115, 219-225. (Pubitemid 351515909)
63. MIRANDA, M., CRUZ, J.M., LOPEZ-ALONSO, M. & BENEDITO, J. L. (2006). Variations in liver and blood copper concentrations in young beef cattle raised in north-west Spain: associations with breed, sex, age and season. Animal Science 82, 253-258.
64. MOREL, I. (2007). Dairy cow feeding and folic acid in milk. Agrarforschung 14, 490-495.
65. MOREL, P. C. H., JANZ, J. A. M., ZOU, M., PURCHAS, R. W., HENDRIKS, W.H. & WILKINSON, B.H.P. (2008). The influence of diets supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid, selenium, and vitamin E, with or without animal protein, on the composition of pork from female pigs. Journal of Animal Science 86, 1145-1155. (Pubitemid 351692564)
66. NABER, E. C. & SQUIRES, M. W. (1993). Vitamin profiles of eggs as indicators of nutritional-status in the laying hen-diet to egg transfer and commercial flock survey. Poultry Science 72, 1046-1053.
67. NEWCOM, D.W., STALDER, K.J., BAAS, T.J., GOODWIN, R. N., PARRISH, F. C. & WIEGAND, B. R. (2004). Breed differences and genetic parameters of myoglobin concentration in porcine longissimus muscle. Journal of Animal Science 82, 2264-2268.
68. O'SULLIVAN, M. G., BYRNE, D. V., STAGSTED, J., ANDERSEN, H. J. & MARTENS, M. (2002). Sensory colour assessment of fresh meat from pigs supplemented with iron and vitamin E. Meat Science 60, 253-265. (Pubitemid 36537487)
69. OLIVARES, A., REY, A.I., DAZA, A. & LOPEZ-BOTE, C.J. (2009). High dietary vitamin A interferes with tissue α-tocopherol concentrations in fattening pigs: a study that examines administration and withdrawal times. Animal 3, 1264-1270.
70. ORTIGUES-MARTY, I., MICOL, D., PRACHE, S., DOZIAS, D. & GIRARD, C. L. (2005). Nutritional value of meat: the influence of nutrition and physical activity on vitamin B12 concentrations in ruminant tissues. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 45, 453-467. (Pubitemid 41136567)
71. PAIK, I., LEE, H. & PARK, S. (2009). Effects of organic iron supplementation on the performance and iron content in the egg yolk of laying hens. Journal of Poultry Science 46, 198-202.
72. PARK, S. W., NAMKUNG, H., AHN, H. J. & PAIK, I. K. (2004). Production of iron enriched eggs of laying hens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 17, 1725-1728. (Pubitemid 39606170)
73. PATRA, R. C., SWARUP, D., KUMAR, P., NANDI, D., NARESH, R. & ALI, S. L. (2008). Milk trace elements in lactating cows environmentally exposed to higher level of lead and cadmium around different industrial units. Science of the Total Environment 404, 36-43.
74. PAYNE, R. L., LAVERGNE, T. K. & SOUTHERN, L. L. (2005). Effect of inorganic versus organic selenium on hen production and egg selenium concentration. Poultry Science 84, 232-237.
75. PESTI, G. M. & BAKALLI, R. I. (1998). Studies on the effect of feeding cupric sulfate pentahydrate to laying hens on egg cholesterol content. Poultry Science 77, 1540-1545.
76. PESUT, O., BACKOVIC, D. & SOBAJIC, S. (2005). Dietary selenium supplementation of pigs and broilers as a way of producing selenium enriched meat. Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 55, 483-492. (Pubitemid 44696209)
77. PHIPPS, R.H., GRANDISON, A.S., JONES, A.K., JUNIPER, D. T., RAMOS-MORALES, E. & BERTIN, G. (2008). Selenium supplementation of lactating dairy cows: effects on milk production and total selenium content and speciation in blood, milk and cheese. Animal 2, 1610-1618.
78. POTO, A., GALIAN, M. & PEINADO, B. (2007). Chato Murciano pig and its crosses with Iberian and large white pigs, reared outdoors. Comparative study of the carcass and meat characteristics. Livestock Science 111, 96-103.
79. RAYMAN, M. P. (2008). Food-chain selenium and human health: emphasis on intake. British Journal of Nutrition 100, 254-268.
80. RAYMAN, M.P., INFANTE, H.G. & SARGENT, M. (2008). Food-chain selenium and human health: spotlight on speciation. British Journal of Nutrition 100, 238-253.
81. REILLY, C. (2004). The Nutritional Trace Metals. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
82. ROJAS, L.X., MCDOWELL, L.R., COUSINS, R.J., MARTIN, F. G., WILKINSON, N.S., JOHNSON, A.B. & VELASQUEZ, J. B. (1995). Relative bioavailability of 2 organic and 2 inorganic zinc sources fed to sheep. Journal of Animal Science 73, 1202-1207.
83. ROTH-MAIER, D. A. & BOHMER, B. M. (2007). Fortification of eggs with folic acid as a possible contribution to enhance the folic acid status of populations. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 77, 297-301.
84. SANTSCHI, D.E., BERTHIAUME, R., MATTE, J.J., MUSTAFA, A. F. & GIRARD, C. L. (2005). Fate of supplementary B-vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 2043-2054. (Pubitemid 41431187)
85. SCHONE, F., ZIMMERMANN, C., QUANZ, G., RICHTER, G. & LEITERER, M. (2006). A high dietary iodine increases thyroid iodine stores and iodine concentration in blood serum but has little effect on muscle iodine content in pigs. Meat Science 72, 365-372. (Pubitemid 41563300)
86. SCHONE, F., LEITERER, M., LEBZIEN, P., BEMMANN, D., SPOLDERS, M. & FLACHOWSKY, G. (2009). Iodine concentration of milk in a dose-response study with dairy cows and implications for consumer iodine intake. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 23, 84-92.
87. SCHWAB, E.C., SCHWAB, C.G., SHAVER, R.D., GIRARD, C. L., PUTNAM, D.E. & WHITEHOUSE, N.L. (2006). Dietary forage and nonfiber carbohydrate contents influence B-vitamin intake, duodenal flow, and apparent ruminal synthesis in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 174-187.
88. SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION (2005). Review of Dietary Advice on Vitamin A. Norwich: The Stationary Office. Available online at http://www.sacn. gov.uk/pdfs/sacn-vita-report.pdf (verified 10 June 2010).
89. SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION (2009). Iron and Health: Draft Report. London: SACN. Available online at http://www.sacn.gov.uk/reports- position-state-ments/reports/draft-iron-and-health-report-039scientific- consultation039-june-2009.html (verified 10 June 2010).
90. SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE FOR ANIMAL NUTRITION (2003). Opinion of the Scientific Committee for Animal Nutrition on the Use of Copper in Feedingstuffs. Brussels: European Commission. Available online at http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/ sc/scan/out115-en.pdf (verified 10 June 2010).
91. SEO, S. H., LEE, H. K., LEE, W. S., SHIN, K. S. & PAIK, I. K. (2008). The effect of level and period of Fe-methionine chelate supplementation on the iron content of boiler meat. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 21, 1501-1505.
92. SEVCIKOVA, S., SKRIVAN, M., DLOUHA, G. & KOUCKY, M. (2006). The effect of selenium source on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, 449-457. (Pubitemid 44786952)
93. SHARP, P. (2004). The molecular basis of copper and iron interactions. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, 563-569. (Pubitemid 40558052)
94. SHAW, D. T., ROZEBOOM, D. W., HILL, G. M., BOOREN, A. M. & LINK, J. E. (2002). Impact of vitamin and mineral supplement withdrawal and wheat middling inclusion on finishing pig growth performance, fecal mineral concentration, carcass characteristics, and the nutrient content and oxidative stability of pork. Journal of Animal Science 80, 2920-2930.
95. SKRIVAN, M., SKRIVANOVA, V. & MAROUNEK, M. (2005). Effects of dietary zinc, iron, and copper in layer feed on distribution of these elements in eggs, liver, excreta, soil, and herbage. Poultry Science 84, 1570-1575. (Pubitemid 44509840)
96. SKRIVAN, M., SIMANE, J., DLOUHA, G. & DOUCHA, J. (2006a). Effect of dietary sodium selenite, Se-enriched yeast and Se-enriched Chlorella on egg Se concentration, physical parameters of eggs and laying hen production. Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, 163-167. (Pubitemid 44598935)
97. SKRIVAN, M., SKRIVANOVA, V. & MAROUNEK, M. (2006b). Effect of various copper supplements to feed of laying hens on Cu content in eggs, liver, excreta, soil, and herbage. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 50, 280-283. (Pubitemid 43155400)
98. STANDISH, J.F., AMMERMAN, C.B., SIMPSON, C.F., NEAL, F. C. & PALMER, A. Z. (1969). Influence of graded levels of dietary iron, as ferrous sulfate, on performance and tissue mineral composition of steers. Journal of Animal Science 29, 496-503.
99. STEINFELD, H., GERBER, P., WASSENAAR, T., CASTEL, V., ROSALES, M. & DE HAAN, C. (2006). Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation.
100. SURAI, P. F. (2006). Selenium in Nutrition and Health. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
101. SUTTLE, N.F., LEWIS, R.M. & SMALL, J.N.W. (2002). Effects of breed and family on rate of copper accretion in the liver of purebred Charollais, Suffolk and Texel lambs. Animal Science 75, 295-302.
102. UNDERWOOD, E. J. & SUTTLE, N. F. (1999). The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
103. VAN RAVENSWAAY, R.O., HENRY, P. R. & AMMERMAN, C. B. (2001). Effects of time and dietary iron on tissue iron concentration as an estimate of relative bioavailability of supplemental iron sources for ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 90, 185-198.
104. WEISS, W.P., SMITH, K.L., HOGAN, J.S. & STEINER, T. E. (1995). Effect of forage to concentrate ratio on disappearance of vitamins A and E during in vitro ruminal fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 1837-1842.
105. WIENER, G. (1979). Review of genetic-aspects of mineral metabolism with particular reference to copper in sheep. Livestock Production Science 6, 223-232.
106. WILKINSON, J.M., HILL, J. & LIVESEY, C.T. (2001). Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in the body tissues of sheep grazed on grassland given repeated applications of sewage sludge. Animal Science 72, 179-190. (Pubitemid 33228017)
107. WOOLLIAMS, J. A., SUTTLE, N. F., WIENER, G., FIELD, A. C. & WOOLLIAMS, C. (1982). The effect of breed of sire on the accumulation of copper in lambs, with particular reference to copper toxicity. Animal Production 35, 299-307. (Pubitemid 13151928)
108. WOOLLIAMS, J.A., WOOLLIAMS, C., SUTTLE, N.F., JONES, D. G. & WIENER, G. (1986). Studies on lambs from lines genetically selected for low and high copper status. 2. Incidence of hypocuprosis on improved hill pasture. Animal Production 43, 303-317.
109. World Health Organisation. (2003). Obesity and Overweight. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation. Available online at http://www.who.int/ dietphysical activity/media/en/gsfs-obesity.pdf (verified 10 June 2010).
110. YALCIN, S., KAHRAMAN, Z., YALCIN, S., YALCIN, S.S. & DEDEOGLU, H. E. (2004). Effects of supplementary iodine on the performance and egg traits of laying hens. British Poultry Science 45, 499-503. (Pubitemid 39290158)
111. ZEMBAYASHI, M., LUNT, D. K. & SMITH, S. B. (1999). Dietary tea reduces the iron content of beef. Meat Science 53, 221-226. (Pubitemid 129600726)
112. ZHAN, X.A., WANG, M., ZHAO, R.Q., LI, W. F. & XU, Z. R. (2007). Effects of different selenium source on selenium distribution, loin quality and antioxidant status in finishing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 132, 202-211. (Pubitemid 44792875)