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Volumn 132, Issue 30, 2010, Pages 10533-10546

Organozirconium complexes as catalysts for markovnikov-selective lntermolecular hydrothiolation of terminal alkynes: Scope and mechanism

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1-HEXYNE; ACTIVATION PARAMETER; ACTIVE SPECIES; ALKYNE INSERTIONS; AROMATIC THIOL; BENZYLIC; CATALYST CONCENTRATION; CATALYST RESTING STATE; DEUTERIUM LABELING; FIRST-ORDER; HYDROTHIOLATION; ISOLATED YIELD; KINETIC INVESTIGATIONS; MARKOVNIKOV SELECTIVITY; MEDIATED REACTIONS; PRECATALYSTS; PROTONOLYSIS; RADICAL INHIBITOR; RADICAL MECHANISM; REACTION MEDIUM; TEMPERATURE RANGE; TERMINAL ALKYNE; THIOLATES;

EID: 77956193621     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: 15205126     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja103979b     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (101)

References (167)
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    • After the insertion of alkyne into the Pd-SR bond (Scheme IB, step i), the insertion of a second alkyne into the Pd-vinyl bond occurs instead of the release of product from the metal center (Scheme IB, step ii) resulting in a diene sulfide
    • After the insertion of alkyne into the Pd-SR bond (Scheme IB, step i), the insertion of a second alkyne into the Pd-vinyl bond occurs instead of the release of product from the metal center (Scheme IB, step ii) resulting in a diene sulfide.
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    • To test for temperature-dependent mechanism changes, samples were tested at constant temperature without the repeated heating/cooling and showed results consistent with those which were repeatedly heated/ cooled. Additionally, no change in the catalyst or substrates were observed as a result of the heating/cooling cycles
    • To test for temperature-dependent mechanism changes, samples were tested at constant temperature without the repeated heating/cooling and showed results consistent with those which were repeatedly heated/ cooled. Additionally, no change in the catalyst or substrates were observed as a result of the heating/cooling cycles.
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    • Because this reaction is first-order in thiol and alkyne, excess alkyne is neccesary to drive the reaction to near completion. NMR scale reactions of 6 + 11 →12 mediated by complex 2 at 120 °C results in 50% conversion after 24 h with 2 × excess alkyne while resulting in 95% conversion with 3 × excess alkyne
    • Because this reaction is first-order in thiol and alkyne, excess alkyne is neccesary to drive the reaction to near completion. NMR scale reactions of 6 + 11 →12 mediated by complex 2 at 120 °C results in 50% conversion after 24 h with 2 × excess alkyne while resulting in 95% conversion with 3 × excess alkyne.
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    • Fven at [thiol] > 1.2 M, when small amounts of precipitate are formed, no free CGCHj ligand is observed by NMR spectroscopy
    • Fven at [thiol] > 1.2 M, when small amounts of precipitate are formed, no free CGCHj ligand is observed by NMR spectroscopy.
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    • Activation in 120 °C occurs slowly and thus sometimes requires placing the reaction in a 140 °C oil bath overnight for complete activation
    • Activation in 120 °C occurs slowly and thus sometimes requires placing the reaction in a 140 °C oil bath overnight for complete activation.
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    • 2)4 (5) and benzylmercaptan (16) more slowly produces a bright orange precipitate under identical conditions
    • 2)4 (5) and benzylmercaptan (16) more slowly produces a bright orange precipitate under identical conditions.
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    • Additionally, 3-butyn-l-ol was tested together with 1-pentanethiol (11) and compound 1. No hydrothiolation activity was observed
    • Additionally, 3-butyn-l-ol was tested together with 1-pentanethiol (11) and compound 1. No hydrothiolation activity was observed.
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    • For thermodynamic estimates, Eyring and Arrhenius plots, and kinetic data at [Thiol] = 1.2 M, see Supporting Information.
    • For thermodynamic estimates, Eyring and Arrhenius plots, and kinetic data at [Thiol] = 1.2 M, see Supporting Information.
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    • In addition to NMR, the formation of 31 and 31-D(E/Z) are also confirmed by HRMS. We are unable to support the formation of 31D2 by HRMS due to an overlapping 13C isotopic pattern
    • In addition to NMR, the formation of 31 and 31-D(E/Z) are also confirmed by HRMS. We are unable to support the formation of 31D2 by HRMS due to an overlapping 13C isotopic pattern.
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    • 2H NMR spectra, see Supporting Information
    • 2H NMR spectra, see Supporting Information.
  • 127
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    • Injecting ethanethiol-d (7-d) into a completed reaction did not result in deuterium incorporation into an already formed product
    • Injecting ethanethiol-d (7-d) into a completed reaction did not result in deuterium incorporation into an already formed product.
  • 144
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    • This diminished activity has been attributed to the greater H-S bond enthalpies; see ref 5i
    • This diminished activity has been attributed to the greater H-S bond enthalpies; see ref 5i.
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    • γ-Terpinene is added in equimolar quantities to alkyne
    • γ-Terpinene is added in equimolar quantities to alkyne.
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    • Organozirconium complexes are known from the literature to cleave thiol C-S bonds; however, corresponding alkene products, indicative of this process, were not been observed by 1H NMR or GC/MS
    • Organozirconium complexes are known from the literature to cleave thiol C-S bonds; however, corresponding alkene products, indicative of this process, were not been observed by 1H NMR or GC/MS.
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    • 77956209569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The catalytic cycle is presented here with a monomelic organozirconium complex for simplicity. See Supporting Information for a dimer catalytic cycle
    • The catalytic cycle is presented here with a monomelic organozirconium complex for simplicity. See Supporting Information for a dimer catalytic cycle.
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    • Protonolysis is typically rapid in reports of organozirconium- and organo-f-element-mediated hydroelementation (refs 8h,n); however, organolanthanide-catalyzed hydrophosphination (refs 9f-h) appears to have a more sluggish product protonolysis from the metal center, resulting in turnover-limiting protonolysis
    • Protonolysis is typically rapid in reports of organozirconium- and organo-f-element-mediated hydroelementation (refs 8h,n); however, organolanthanide-catalyzed hydrophosphination (refs 9f-h) appears to have a more sluggish product protonolysis from the metal center, resulting in turnover-limiting protonolysis.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.