Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example

Tourism Management

Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 797-805

  Quintal, Vanessa Ann ^a   Lee, Julie Anne ^b   Soutar, Geoffrey N ^b  

^a CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Perceived risk; Perceived uncertainty; Theory of planned behavior

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; INTERNATIONAL TOURISM; RISK PERCEPTION; THEORY; TRAVEL BEHAVIOR; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 77955417946     PISSN: None     EISSN: 02615177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.006     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Ajzen I. From intentions to actions: a theory of planned behavior. Action-control: From cognition to behavior 1985, 11-39. Springer, Heidelberg. J. Kuhl, J. Beckman (Eds.).
2. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1991, 50(2):179-210.
3. Ajzen I., Driver B. Application of the theory of planned behavior to leisure choice. Journal of Leisure Research 1992, 24(3):207-224.
4. Ajzen I., Fishbein M. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior 1980, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
5. Bagozzi R., Dholakia U., Basuroy S. How effortful decisions get enacted: the motivating role of decision processes, desires, and anticipated emotions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 2003, 16(4):273-295.
6. Bagozzi R., Heatherton T. A general approach for representing multifaceted personality constructs: application to state self-esteem. Structural Equation Modeling 1994, 1(1):35-67.
7. Bagozzi R., Moore D., Leone L. Self-control and the self-regulation of dieting decisions: the role of prefactual attitudes, subjective norms, and resistance to temptation. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2004, 26(2):199-213.
8. Bagozzi R., Wong N., Abe S., Bergami M. Cultural and situational contingencies and the theory of reasoned action: application to fast food restaurant consumption. Journal of Consumer Psychology 2000, 9(2):97-106.
9. Bamberg S., Ajzen L., Schmidt P. Choice of travel mode in the theory of planned behavior: the roles of past behavior, habit and reasoned action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2003, 25(3):175-187.
10. Bauer R. Consumer behavior as risk-taking. Dynamic marketing for a changing world 1960, 389-398. American Marketing Association, Chicago, IL. R.S. Hancock (Ed.).
11. Becker M., Knudsen T. The role of routines in reducing pervasive uncertainty. Journal of Business Research 2005, 58(6):746-757.
12. Bell D. Regret in decision making under uncertainty. Operations Research 1982, 30(5):961-981.
13. Brislin R. Comparative research methodology: cross-cultural studies. International Journal of Psychology 1976, 11(3):215-229.
14. Burton I., Kates R., White G. The environment at hazard 1978, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
15. Campbell M., Goodstein R. The moderating effect of perceived risk on consumers' evaluations of product incongruity: preference for the norm. Journal of Consumer Research 2001, 28(3):439-449.
16. Carter S. Tourists' and travelers' social construction of Africa and Asia as risky locations. Tourism Management 1998, 19(4):349-358.
17. Chang M. Predicting unethical behavior: a comparison of the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior. Journal of Business Ethics 1998, 17:1825-1834.
18. Cheng S., Lam T., Hsu C. Negative word-of-mouth communication intention: an application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 2006, 30(1):95-116.
19. Cho J., Lee J. An integrated model of risk and risk-reducing strategies. Journal of Business Research 2006, 59(1):112-120.
20. Clawson M., Knetsch J. Economics of outdoor recreation 1966, The John Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
21. Cox D. Risk handling in consumer behavior - an intensive study of two cases. Risk taking and information handling in consumer behavior 1967, 34-81. Harvard University Press, Boston, MA. D. Cox (Ed.).
22. Cox D. Synthesis-perceived risk and information handling. Risk taking and information handling in consumer behavior 1967, 603-639. Harvard University Press, Boston, MA. D. Cox (Ed.).
23. Cunningham S. The major dimensions of perceived risk. Risk taking and information handling in consumer behavior 1967, 82-108. Harvard University Press, Boston, MA. D. Cox (Ed.).
24. De Beuckelaer A., Lievens F. Measurement equivalence of paper-and-pencil and internet organizational surveys: a large scale examination in 16 countries. Applied Psychology 2009, 58(2):336-361.
25. Dholakia U. A motivational process model of product involvement and consumer risk perception. European Journal of Marketing 2001, 35(11/12):1340-1360.
26. Dholakia U., Bagozzi R., Pearo L. A social influence model of consumer participation in network- and small-group-based virtual communities. International Journal of Research in Marketing 2004, 21(3):241-263.
27. Douglas M., Wildavsky A. Risk and culture 1982, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
28. Dowling G., Staelin R. A model of perceived risk and intended risk-handling activity. Journal of Consumer Research 1994, 21(1):119-134.
29. Eagly A., Chaiken S. The psychology of attitudes 1993, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
30. Floyd M., Gibson H., Pennington-Gray L., Thapa B. The effect of risk perceptions on intentions to travel in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 2003, 15(2/3):19-38.
31. Fornell C., Larcker D. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research 1981, 18(1):39-50.
32. Ghosh D., Ray M. Risk attitude, ambiguity intolerance and decision making: an exploratory investigation. Decision Sciences 1992, 23(2):431-444.
33. Ghosh D., Ray M. Risk, ambiguity, and decision choice: some additional evidence. Decision Sciences 1997, 28(1):81-104.
34. Gronhaug K., Stone R. Why perceived risk failed to achieve middle range theory status: a retrospective research note. European Advances in Consumer Research 1995, 2:412-417.
35. Han H.-S., Hsu L.-T., Sheu C.-W. Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice: testing the effect of environmental friendly activities. Tourism Management 2010, 31(3):325-334.
36. Hofstede G. Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations 2001, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA.
37. Horton R. The structure of decision risk: some further progress. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 1976, 4(4):694-706.
38. Howard R. Risky business? Asking tourists what hazards they actually encountered in Thailand. Tourism Management 2009, 30(3):359-365.
39. Huff L., Alden D. A model of managerial response to sales promotions: a four-country analysis. Journal of Global Marketing 2000, 13(3):7-28.
40. Hugstad P., Taylor J. Risk theory and the science of marketing. Conceptual and theoretical developments in marketing 1979, 448-458. American Marketing Association, Chicago, IL. O. Ferrell, S. Brown, C. Lamb (Eds.).
41. Jacoby J., Kaplan L. The components of perceived risk. Proceedings of the third Annual Conference of the association for consumer research 1972, 382-393. Association for Consumer Research, Ann Arbor, MI.
42. Jarvis C., Mackenzie S., Podsakoff P. A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research 2003, 30(2):199-218.
43. Jöreskog K., Sörbom D. LISREL VII: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language 1993, Scientific Software International, Chicago.
44. Kahn B., Sarin R. Modeling ambiguity in decisions under uncertainty. Journal of Consumer Research 1988, 15(2):265-271.
45. Kahneman D., Tversky A. Subjective probability: a judgment of representativeness. Cognitive Psychology 1972, 3(3):430-454.
46. Kim H.-B., Kim T., Shin S.-W. Modeling roles of subjective norms and eTrust in customers' acceptance of airline B2C eCommerce websites. Tourism Management 2009, 30(2):266-277.
47. Knight F. Risk, uncertainty and profit 1948, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, MA.
48. Lam T., Hsu C. Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism Management 2006, 27:589-599.
49. Laroche M., McDougall J., Bergeron J., Yang Z. Exploring how intangibility affects perceived risk. Journal of Service Research 2004, 6(4):373-389.
50. Larsen S., Brun W., Torvald O., Selstad L. Subjective food-risk judgments in tourists. Tourism Management 2007, 28(6):1555-1559.
51. Lee D. Retail bargaining behavior of American and Chinese customers. European Journal of Marketing 2000, 34(1/2):190.
52. Lee C., Green R. Cross-cultural examination of the Fishbein behavioral intentions model. Journal of International Business Studies 1991, 22(2):289-305.
53. Lepp A., Gibson H. Sensation seeking and tourism: tourist role, perception of risk and destination choice. Tourism Management 2008, 29(4):740-750.
54. Lobb A., Mazzocchi M., Traill W. Modeling risk perception and trust in food safety information within the theory of planned behavior. Food Quality and Preference 2007, 18(2):384-395.
55. Mitchell V. A role for consumer risk perceptions in grocery retailing. British Food Journal 1998, 100(4):171-183.
56. Mitchell V. Consumer perceived risk: conceptualizations and models. European Journal of Marketing 1999, 33(1/2):163.
57. Moutinho L. Consumer behavior in tourism. Journal of Marketing 1987, 21(10):1-44.
58. Murray K., Schlacter J. The impact of services versus goods on consumers' assessment of perceived risk and variability. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 1990, 18(1):51-65.
59. von Neumann J., Morgenstern O. Theory of games and economic behavior 1947, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
60. Nicosia F. Consumer decision process: Marketing and advertising implications 1966, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
61. Oh S., Ahn J., Kim B. Adoption of broadband internet in Korea: the role of experience in building attitudes. Journal of Information Technology 2003, 18(4):267-280.
62. Oliver R., Bearden W. Crossover effects in the theory of reasoned action: a moderating influence attempt. The Journal of Consumer Research 1985, 12(3):324-340.
63. Park H., Blenkinsopp J. Whistleblowing as planned behavior - a survey of South Korean police officers. Journal of Business Ethics 2009, 85:545-556.
64. Park J., Lennon S., Stoel L. On-line product presentation: effects on mood, perceived risk, and purchase intention. Psychology and Marketing 2005, 22(9):695-719.
65. Peter J., Tarpey L. A comparative analysis of three consumer decision strategies. Journal of Consumer Research 1975, 1(1):29-38.
66. Reisinger Y., Mavondo F. Cultural differences in travel risk perception. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 2006, 20(1):13-31.
67. Rittichainuwat B., Chakraborty G. Perceived travel risks regarding terrorism and disease: the case of Thailand. Tourism Management 2009, 30(3):410-418.
68. Roehl W., Fesenmaier D. Risk perceptions and pleasure travel: an exploratory analysis. Journal of Travel Research 1992, 30(4):17-26.
69. Roselius T. Consumer rankings of risk reduction methods. Journal of Marketing 1971, 35(1):56-61.
70. Ross I. Perceived risk and consumer behavior: a critical review. Advances in Consumer Research 1975, 2(1):1-20.
71. Ryan M.J. Behavioral intention formation: the interdependency of attitudinal and social influence variables. Journal of Consumer Research 1982, 9:263-278.
72. Ryu K., Jang S. Intention to experience local cuisine in a travel destination: the modified theory of reasoned action. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 2006, 30(4):507-516.
73. Sellick M. Discovery, connection, nostalgia: key travel motives within the senior market. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 2004, 17(1):55-71.
74. Shimp T., Bearden W. Warranty and other extrinsic cue effects on consumers' risk perceptions. Journal of Consumer Research 1982, 9(1):38-46.
75. Simon H. Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review 1956, 63:129-138.
76. Singh N., Fassott G., Zhao H., Boughton P. A cross-cultural analysis of German, Chinese and Indian consumers' perception of web site adaptation. Journal of Consumer Behavior 2006, 5(1):56-68.
77. Sirakaya E., Woodside A. Building and testing theories of decision making by travelers. Tourism Management 2005, 26:815-832.
78. Sjoberg L. The risks of risk analysis. Acta Psychologica 1980, 45(1-3):301-321.
79. Song Z., Wanberg C., Niu X., Xie Y. Action-state orientation and the theory of planned behavior: a study of job search in China. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2006, 68(3):490-503.
80. Sonmez S., Graefe A. Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions. Annals of Tourism Research 1998, 25(1):112-144.
81. Sonmez S., Graefe A. Determining future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety. Journal of Travel Research 1998, 37(2):171-177.
82. Sparks B. Planning a wine tourism vacation? Factors that help to predict tourist behavioral intentions. Tourism Management 2007, 28:1180-1192.
83. Sparks B., Pan G. Chinese outbound tourists: understanding their attitudes, constraints and use of information sources. Tourism Management 2009, 30(4):483-494.
84. Stoddard J., Fern E. Risk-taking propensity in supplier choice: differences by sex and decision frame in a simulated organizational buying context. Psychology and Marketing 1999, 16(7):563-582.
85. Stone R., Gronhaug K. Perceived risk: further considerations for the marketing discipline. European Journal of Marketing 1993, 27(3):372-394.
86. Sweeney J., Soutar G., Johnson W. The role of perceived risk in the quality-value relationship: a study in a retail environment. Journal of Retailing 1999, 75(1):77-105.
87. Taylor J. The role of risk in consumer behavior. Journal of Marketing 1974, 38(2):54-60.
88. Tourism Research Australia. (2008). International visitors in Australia - quarterly results of the international visitor survey, September 2008. Available at http://www.tra.australia.com/content/documents.
89. Trafimow D., Finlay K. The importance of subjective norms for a minority of people: between subjects and within-subjects analyses. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1996, 22(8):820-828.
90. Trafimow D., Finlay K. The relationship between normatively versus attitudinally controlled people and normatively versus attitudinally controlled behaviors. The Social Science Journal 2001, 38(2):203-216.
91. Triandis H. Individualism and collectivism 1995, Westview Press, Boulder.
92. Um S., Chon K., Ro Y. Antecedents of revisit intention. Annals of Tourism Research 2006, 33(4):1141-1158.
93. Van Raaij W., Francken D. Vacation destinations, activities and satisfactions. Annals of Tourism Research 1984, 11(1):101-112.
94. Wahab S., Crampon L., Rothfield L. Tourism marketing 1976, Tourism International Press, London.
95. Weber E., Hsee C., Sokolowska J. What folklore tells us about risk and risk taking: cross cultural comparisons of American, German, and Chinese proverbs. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1998, 75(2):170-186.
96. Woodside A., Lyonski S. A general model of traveler destination choice. Journal of Travel Research 1989, 27(1):8-14.
97. Xie C., Bagozzi R., Troye S. Trying to prosume: toward a theory of consumers as co-creators of value. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 2008, 36(1):109-122.
98. Yuksel A., Yuksel F. Shopping risk perceptions: effects on tourists' emotions, satisfaction and expressed loyalty intentions. Tourism Management 2007, 28:703-713.