Discovery, connection, nostalgia: Key travel motives within the senior market

Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 55-71

  Sellick, Megan Cleaver ^a  

^a CENTRAL WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive age; Mature consumers; Seniors; Tourism product development; Travel motives; Travel risk perceptions

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750379333     PISSN: 10548408     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J073v17n01_04     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Atchley, R. C. (1972). The Social Forces of Later Life. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
2. Atchley, R. C. (1989). Continuity theory and the evolution of activity in later adulthood. In J. R. Kelly (Ed.), Activity and Aging (pp. 5-24). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
3. Auken, S. V., Barry, T. E. and Anderson, R. L. (1993). Observations: Toward the internal validation of cognitive age measures in advertising research. Journal of Advertising Research, 33(3), 82-84.
4. Aurifeille, J-M. and Quester, P. (1999). Clusterwise regression: Concept and application. Australasian Journal of Market Research, 7(1), 25-32.
5. Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J. and Silverberg, K. E. (1999). An investigation into the psychographics of senior nature-based travelers. Tourism Recreation Research, 24(1), 13-22.
6. Barak, B. and Schiffman, L. G. (1981). Cognitive age: A nonchronological age variable. In K. B. Monroe (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, 8 (pp. 602-606). Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research.
7. Bartos, R. (1983). Over 49: the invisible consumer. In Harvard Business Review, Marketing Communications in a Changing Environment (pp. 23-31). Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review.
8. Bauer, R. A. (1967). Consumer behaviour as risk taking. In D. F. Cox (Ed.), Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behaviour (pp. 23-33). Boston, MA: Harvard University.
9. Beard, J, G. and Ragheb, M. G. (1983). Measuring leisure motivation. Journal of Leisure Research, 15(3), 219-228.
10. Birren, J. E. and Schaie, K. W. (1996). Handbook of the Psychology ofAging (4th ed). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Blau, Z. S. (1956). Changes in status and age identification. American Sociological Review, 21, 198-203.
11. Blazey, M. A. (1992). Travel and retirement status. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4), 771-783.
12. Bultena, G. L. and Powers, E. A. (1978). Denial of aging: Age identification and reference groups orientations. Journal of Gerontology, 33(5), 748-754.
13. Capella, L. M. and Greco, A. (1987). Information sources of elderly for vacation decisions. Annals of Tourism Research, 14(1), 148-151.
14. Center for Strategic and International Studies and Watson Wyatt Worldwide (2000). Global Aging: The Challenge of the New Millennium. Washington, DC: Author.
15. Cleaver, M., Green, B. C. and Muller, T. E. (2000). Using consumer behaviour to understand the baby boomer tourist. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 24(2), 274-287.
16. Cleaver, M. and Muller, T. E. (1998). Testing the theoretical link between cognitive age and travel motives: A new way to segment the Australasian senior tourism market? In B. J. Gray and K. R. Deans (Eds.). Proceedings of the ANZMAC’98 Conference (pp. 1634-1648). Dunedin, New Zealand: Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy.
17. Cleaver, M., Muller, T. E., Ruys, H. F. M. and Wei, S. (1999). Tourism product developments for the senior market, based on travel motive research. Tourism Recreation Research, 24(1), 5-12.
18. Cox, D. F. (1967). Risk handling in consumer behav- iour-An intensive study of two cases. In D. F. Cox (Ed.), Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behaviour (pp. 34-81). Boston, MA: Harvard University.
19. Cunningham, S. M. (1967). The major dimensions of perceived risk. In D. F. Cox (Ed.), Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behaviour (pp. 82-108). Boston, MA: Harvard University.
20. Dann, G. M. S. (1981). Tourism motivation: An appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research, 8(2), 187-219.
21. Day, E., Davis, B., Dove, R. and French, W. (1988). Reaching the senior citizen market(s). Journal of Advertising Research, 27(6), 23-30.
22. Dover, N. H. (1998). Where there’s gray, there’s green: Active seniors mean marketing opportunities. Marketing News, 32(13), 2.
23. Drevenstedt, J. (1976). Perceptions of onset of young adulthood, middle-age and old-age. Journal of Gerontology, 31(1), 53-57.
24. Dychtwald, M. K. (1997). Marketplace 2000: Riding the wave of population change. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14(4), 271-275.
25. George, L. K., Mutran, E. J. and Pennybacker, M. R. (1980). The meaning and measurement of age identity. Experimental Aging Research, 6(3), 283-298.
26. Gilbert, D. C. (1991). An examination of the consumer behaviour process related to tourism. In C. P. Cooper (Ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management (Vol. 3; pp. 78-105). London: Belhaven.
27. Gollub, J. and Javitz, H. (1989). Six ways to age. American Demographics, 11(6), 28-30, 35, 56-57.
28. Goodall, B. (1991). Understanding holiday choice. In C. P. Cooper (Ed.), Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management (Vol. 3; pp. 58-77). London: Belhaven.
29. Guinn, R. (1980). Elderly recreational vehicle tourists: Motivation for leisure. Journal of Travel Research, 14(1), 9-12.
30. Guptill, C. S. (1969). A measure of age identification. The Gerontologist, 9(2), 96-102.
31. Hair, J. F., Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. and Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate Data Analysis, with Readings (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
32. Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1989). Motivation for leisure. In E. L. Jackson and T. L. Burton (Eds.), Understanding Leisure and Recreation: Mapping the Past, Charting the Future (pp. 247-271). State College, PA: Venture.
33. Kaplan, M. (1961). Toward a theory of leisure for social gerontology. In R. W. Havighurst (Ed.), Aging and Leisure: A Research Perspective into the Meaningful Use of Time (pp. 289-412). New York: Oxford University Press.
34. Kastenbaum, R., Derbin, V., Sabatini, P. and Artt, S. (1972). The ages of me: Toward personal and interpersonal definitions of functional aging. Aging and Human Development, 3(2), 197-211.
35. Keng, K. A. and Cheng, J. L. L. (1999). Determining tourist role typologies: An exploratory study of Singapore vacationers. Journal of Travel Research, 37(4), 382-390.
36. Kim, Y., Weaver, P. and Mc Cleary, K. (1996). A structural equation model: The relationship between travel motivation and information sources in the senior travel market. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 3(1), 55-66.
37. Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing Management: The Millennium Edition (International Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
38. La Forge, M. C. (1984). Elderly recreational travelers: A profile. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 25(2), 14-15.
39. Lavery, K. (1999). Educating adland-Is the advertising industry finally discovering the older consumer? Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science, 5(6/7/8).
40. Lewis, H. G. (1996). Another look at the senior market. Direct Marketing, March, 20-23.
41. Loker, L. E. and Perdue, R. R. (1999). A benefit-based segmentation of a nonresident summer travel market. Journal of Travel Research, 31(1), 30-35.
42. Maddox, G. L. and Wiley, J. (1976). Scope, concepts and methods in the study of aging. In R. H. Binstock and E. Shanan (Eds.), Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (pp. 3-34). New York: Van Norstrand.
43. Mannell, R. C. and Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1987). Psychological nature of leisure and tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 314-331.
44. Mc Guire, F. A. (1984). A factor analysis study of leisure constraints in advances adulthood. Leisure Sciences, 6(3), 313-326.
45. Mc Guire, F., Uysal, M. and Mc Donald, C. (1988). Attracting the older traveler. Annals of Tourism Management, June, 161-164.
46. Mc Intosh, R. W., Goeldner, C. R. and Ritchie, J. R. B. (1995). Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies (7th ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
47. Meadow, H. L., Cosmas, S. C. and Plotkin, A. (1981). The elderly consumer: Past present and future. In K. B. Monroe (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, 8 (pp. 742-747). Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research.
48. Mill, R. C. and Morrison, A. M. (1985). The Tourism System: An Introductory Text. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
49. Moldofsky, L. (2001). Traveler’s advisory. Time, March 5, 6.
50. Moscardo, G., Morrison, A. M., Pearce, P. L., Lang, C.-T. and O’Leary, J. T. (1996). Understanding vacation destination choice through travel motivation and activities. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 2(2), 109-122.
51. Moschis, G. P. (1992). Marketing to Older Consumers: A Handbook of Information for Strategy Development. Westport, CT: Quorum.
52. Moschis, G. P. (1996). Gerontographics: Life-Stage Segmentation for Marketing Strategy Development. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
53. Moschis, G. P., Lee, E. and Mathur, A. (1997). Targeting the mature market: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14(4), 282-293.
54. Muller, T. E. (1996). Baby boomer lifestyle segments and the imminence of eight trends. New Zealand Journal of Business, 18(2), 1-25.
55. Muller, T. E. (1997). The benevolent society: Value and lifestyle changes among middle-aged baby boomers. In L. R. Kahle and L. Chiagouris (Eds.), Values, Lifestyle and Psychographics (pp. 299-316). Mahwah, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum Associates.
56. Muller, T. E. and Strickland, C. D. (1995). Educational and adventure tourism for older adults: Assessing the potential. In D. H. Sogar and I. Weber (Eds.), Proceedings of the Marketing Educators and Researchers International Conference (pp. 656-663). Gold Coast, Australia: Griffith University.
57. Ostroff, J. (1989). An aging market: How businesses can prosper. American Demographics, 11(5), 26-28, 33, 58-59.
58. Pearce, P. L. (1993). Fundamentals of tourist motivation. In D. G. Pearce and R. W. York (Eds.), Fundamentals of Tourist Motivation (pp. 113-134). London: Routledge.
59. Pitts, R. E., Jr. and Woodside, A. G. (1986). Personal values and travel decisions. Journal of Travel Research, 25(1), 20-25.
60. Punj, G. and Stewart, D. W. (1983). Cluster analysis in marketing research: Review and suggestions for applications. Journal of Marketing Research, 20(2), 134-48.
61. Roehl, W. S. and Fesenmaier, D. R. (1992). Risk perception and pleasure travel: An exploratory study. Journal of Travel Research, 30(4), 17-26.
62. Rosenfeld, J. P. (1996). Demographics on vacation. American Demographics, 8(1), 38-41, 58.
63. Ruys, H. and Wei, S. (1998). Accommodation needs of mature Australian travelers. Australian Journal of Hospitality Management, 5(1), 51-59.
64. Ryan, C. and Glendon, I. (1998). Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), 169-184.
65. Shoemaker, S. (1989). Segmentation of the senior pleasure travel market. Journal of Travel Research, 27(3), 14-21.
66. Silvers, C. (1997). Smashing old stereotypes of 50-plus America. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14(4), 303-309.
67. Stone, G. J. and Nicol, S. (1999). Older, single female holidaymakers in the United Kingdom-Who needs them? Journal of Vacation Marketing, 5(1), 7-17.
68. Taylor, G. D. (1987). Foreign pleasure travel by Americans. Journal of Travel Research, 25(3), 5-7.
69. Tongren, H. N. (1988). Determinant behaviour characteristics of older consumers. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 22(1), 136-157.
70. Tuckman, J. and Lorge, I. (1954). Classification of the self as young, middle-aged or old. Geriatrics, 9(11), 534-536.
71. Turnbull, D. R. and Uysal, M. (1995). An explanatory study of German visitors to the Caribbean: Push and pull motivations. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 4(2), 85-92.
72. U.S. Census Bureau (2000). Projections of the Total Resident Population by 5-Year Age Groups. Washington, D.C.: Author.
73. Van Raaji, W. F. and Francken, D. A. (1984). Vacation decisions, activities and satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research, 11(1), 101-112.
74. Ward, R. A. (1977). The impact of subjective age and stigma of older persons. Journal of Gerontology, 32(2), 227-232.
75. Wilkes, R. E. (1992). A structural modeling approach to the measurement and meaning of cognitive age. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(2), 292-301.
76. Wylie, R. C. (1974). The Self Concept. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.