Molecular and clinical aspects of targeting the VEGF pathway in tumors

Journal of Oncology

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages

  Korpanty, Grzegorz ^a   Sullivan, Laura A ^b   Smyth, Elizabeth ^a   Carney, Desmond N ^a   Brekken, Rolf A ^b,c  

^a MATER MISERICORDIAE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFLIBERCEPT; BEVACIZUMAB; GADOLINIUM; SORAFENIB; SUNITINIB; VASCULOTROPIN;

ANTIANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY; ANTIANGIOGENIC THERAPY; BONE NECROSIS; CARCINOGENESIS; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLORECTAL CANCER; DIARRHEA; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG TARGETING; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HEMOPTYSIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; LUNG HEMORRHAGE; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NAUSEA; NONHUMAN; NOSE SEPTUM PERFORATION; PROTEINURIA; REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 77954619947     PISSN: 16878450     EISSN: 16878469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2010/652320     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. Folkman J., Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease Nature Medicine 1995 1 1 27 31
2. Ferrara N., VEGF and the quest for tumour angiogenesis factors Nature Reviews Cancer 2002 2 10 795 803
3. Narazaki M., Tosato G., Targeting coagulation to the tumor microvasculature: perspectives and therapeutic implications from preclinical studies Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2005 97 10 705 707
4. Warren B. A., Shubik P., The growth of the blood supply to melanoma transplants in the hamster cheek pouch Laboratory Investigation 1966 15 2 464 478
5. Greenblatt M., Shubi P., Tumor angiogenesis: transfilter diffusion studies in the hamster by the transparent chamber technique Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1968 41 1 111 124
6. Folkman J., Merler E., Abernathy C., Williams G., Isolation of a tumor factor responsible or angiogenesis Journal of Experimental Medicine 1971 133 2 275 288
7. Folkman J., Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications The New England Journal of Medicine 1971 285 21 1182 1186
8. Hurwitz H., Fehrenbacher L., Novotny W., Cartwright T., Hainsworth J., Heim W., Berlin J., Baron A., Griffing S., Holmgren E., Ferrara N., Fyfe G., Rogers B., Ross R., Kabbinavar F., Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer The New England Journal of Medicine 2004 350 23 2335 2342
9. Senger D. R., Galli S. J., Dvorak A. M., Perruzzi C. A., Susan Harvey V., Dvorak H. F., Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid Science 1983 219 4587 983 985
10. Leung D. W., Cachianes G., Kuang W.-J., Goeddel D. V., Ferrara N., Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen Science 1989 246 4935 1306 1309
11. Keck P. J., Hauser S. D., Krivi G., Sanzo K., Warren T., Feder J., Connolly D. T., Vascular permeability factor, an endothelial cell mitogen related to PDGF Science 1989 246 4935 1309 1312 (Pubitemid 20066717)
12. Ferrara N., Gerber H.-P., LeCouter J., The biology of VEGF and its receptors Nature Medicine 2003 9 6 669 676
13. Takahashi H., Shibuya M., The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor system and its role under physiological and pathological conditions Clinical Science 2005 109 3 227 241
14. Park J. E., Chen H. H., Winer J., Houck K. A., Ferrara N., Placenta growth factor. Potentiation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioactivity, in vitro and in vivo, and high affinity binding to Flt-1 but not to Flk-1/KDR Journal of Biological Chemistry 1994 269 41 25646 25654
15. Olofsson B., Korpelainen E., Pepper M. S., Mandriota S. J., Aase K., Kumar V., Gunji Y., Jeltsch M. M., Shibuya M., Alitalo K., Eriksson U., Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) binds to VEGF receptor-1 and regulates plasminogen activator activity in endothelial cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 95 20 11709 11714
16. Hiratsuka S., Minowa O., Kuno J., Noda T., Shibuya M., Flt-1 lacking the tyrosine kinase domain is sufficient for normal development and angiogenesis in mice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 95 16 9349 9354
17. Lyden D., Hattori K., Dias S., Costa C., Blaikie P., Butros L., Chadburn A., Heissig B., Marks W., Witte L., Wu Y., Hicklin D., Zhu Z., Hackett N. R., Crystal R. G., Moore M. A. S., Hajjar K. A., Manova K., Benezra R., Raf S. II, Impaired recruitment of bone-marrow-derived endothelial and hematopoietic precursor cells blocks tumor angiogenesis and growth Nature Medicine 2001 7 11 1194 1201
18. Fong G.-H., Rossant J., Gertsenstein M., Breitman M. L., Role of the Flt-1 receptor tyrosine kinase in regulating the assembly of vascular endothelium Nature 1995 376 6535 66 70
19. Brekken R. A., Overholser J. P., Stastny V. A., Waltenberger J., Minna J. D., Thorpe P. E., Selective inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (KDR/Flk-1) activity by a monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody blocks tumor growth in mice Cancer Research 2000 60 18 5117 5124
20. Korpanty G., Carbon J. G., Grayburn P. A., Fleming J. B., Brekken R. A., Monitoring response to anticancer therapy by targeting microbubbles to tumor vasculature Clinical Cancer Research 2007 13 1 323 330
21. Dineen S. P., Lynn K. D., Holloway S. E., Miller A. F., Sullivan J. P., Shames D. S., Beck A. W., Barnett C. C., Fleming J. B., Brekken R. A., Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 mediates macrophage infiltration into orthotopic pancreatic tumors in mice Cancer Research 2008 68 11 4340 4346
22. Witte L., Hicklin D. J., Zhu Z., Pytowski B., Kotanides H., Rockwell P., Bhlen P., Monoclonal antibodies targeting the VEGF receptor-2 (Flk1/KDR) as an anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategy Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 1998 17 2 155 161
23. Izumi Y., Di Tomaso E., Hooper A., Huang P., Huber J., Hicklin D. J., Fukumura D., Jain R. K., Suit H. D., Responses to antiangiogenesis treatment of spontaneous autochthonous tumors and their isografts Cancer Research 2003 63 4 747 751
24. Shibuya M., Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-receptor2: its biological functions, major signaling pathway, and specific ligand VEGF-E Endothelium 2006 13 2 63 69
25. Holmes K., Roberts O. L., Thomas A. M., Cross M. J., Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: structure, function, intracellular signalling and therapeutic inhibition Cellular Signalling 2007 19 10 2003 2012
26. Ferrara N., Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress Endocrine Reviews 2004 25 4 581 611 (Pubitemid 39099316)
27. Paavonen K., Puolakkainen P., Jussila L., Jahkola T., Alitalo K., Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 in lymphangiogenesis in wound healing American Journal of Pathology 2000 156 5 1499 1504 (Pubitemid 30646689)
28. He Y., Rajantie I., Pajusola K., Jeltsch M., Holopainen T., Yla-Herttuala S., Harding T., Jooss K., Takahashi T., Alitalo K., Vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 3-mediated activation of lymphatic endothelium is crucial for tumor cell entry and spread via lymphatic vessels Cancer Research 2005 65 11 4739 4746
29. He Y., Kozaki K.-I., Karpanen T., Koshikawa K., Yla-Herttuala S., Takahashi T., Alitalo K., Suppression of tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 signaling Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002 94 11 819 825
30. Neufeld G., Cohen T., Shraga N., Lange T., Kessler O., Herzog Y., The neuropilins: multifunctional semaphorin and VEGF receptors that modulate axon guidance and angiogenesis Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 2002 12 1 13 19
31. Soker S., Fidder H., Neufeld G., Klagsbrun M., Characterization of novel vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors on tumor cells that bind VEGF165 via its exon 7-encoded domain Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996 271 10 5761 5767
32. Soker S., Takashima S., Miao H. Q., Neufeld G., Klagsbrun M., Neuropilin-1 is expressed by endothelial and tumor cells as an isoform- specific receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor Cell 1998 92 6 735 745
33. Safran M., Kaelin W. G. Jr., HIF hydroxylation and the mammalian oxygen-sensing pathway Journal of Clinical Investigation 2003 111 6 779 783
34. Wang G. L., Semenza G. L., Purification and characterization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 Journal of Biological Chemistry 1995 270 3 1230 1237
35. Wang G. L., Jiang B.-H., Rue E. A., Semenza G. L., Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995 92 12 5510 5514
36. Semenza G. L., HIF-1, O2, and the 3 PHDs: how animal cells signal hypoxia to the nucleus Cell 2001 107 1 1 3
37. Levy A. P., Levy N. S., Wegner S., Goldberg M. A., Transcriptional regulation of the rat vascular endothelial growth factor gene by hypoxia Journal of Biological Chemistry 1995 270 22 13333 13340
38. Cohen T., Nahari D., Cerem L. W., Neufeld G., Levin B.-Z., Interleukin 6 induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996 271 2 736 741
39. Frank S., Hubner G., Breier G., Longaker M. T., Greenhalgh D. G., Werner S., Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cultured keratinocytes. Implications for normal and impaired wound healing Journal of Biological Chemistry 1995 270 21 12607 12613
40. Pertovaara L., Kaipainen A., Mustonen T., Orpana A., Ferrara N., Saksela O., Alitalo K., Vascular endothelial growth factor is induced in response to transforming growth factor- in fibroblastic and epithelial cells Journal of Biological Chemistry 1994 269 9 6271 6274
41. Warren R. S., Yuan H., Matli M. R., Ferrara N., Donner D. B., Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor by insulin-like growth factor 1 in colorectal carcinoma Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996 271 46 29483 29488 (Pubitemid 26382669)
42. Ben-Av P., Crofford L. J., Wilder R. L., Hla T., Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in synovial fibroblasts by prostaglandin E and interleukin-1: a potential mechanism for inflammatory angiogenesis FEBS Letters 1995 372 1 83 87
43. Li Y.-Q., Tao K.-S., Ren N., Wang Y.-H., Effect of c-fos antisense probe on prostaglandin E2-induced upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in human liver cancer cells World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005 11 28 4427 4430
44. Grugel S., Finkenzeller G., Weindel K., Barleon B., Marme D., Both v-Ha-Ras and v-Raf stimulate expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor in NIH 3T3 cells Journal of Biological Chemistry 1995 270 43 25915 25919
45. Okada F., Rak J. W., St. Croix B., Lieubeau B., Kaya M., Roncari L., Shirasawa S., Sasazuki T., Kerbel R. S., Impact of oncogenes in tumor angiogenesis: mutant K-ras up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor is necessary, but not sufficient for tumorigenicity of human colorectal carcinoma cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 95 7 3609 3614
46. Wey J. S., Stoeltzing O., Ellis L. M., Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors: expression and function in solid tumors Clinical Advances in Hematology amp; Oncology 2004 2 1 37 45
47. Decaussin M., Sartelet H., Robert C., Moro D., Claraz C., Brambilla C., Brambilla E., Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its two receptors (VEGF-R1-Flt1 and VEGF-R2-Flk1/KDR) in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs): correlation with angiogenesis and survival Journal of Pathology 1999 188 4 369 377
48. Lantujoul S., Constantin B., Drabkin H., Brambilla C., Roche J., Brambilla E., Expression of VEGF, semaphorin SEMA3F, and their common receptors neuropilins NP1 and NP2 in preinvasive bronchial lesions, lung tumours, and cell lines Journal of Pathology 2003 200 3 336 347
49. Castro-Rivera E., Ran S., Thorpe P., Minna J. D., Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) induces apoptosis in lung and breast cancer, whereas VEGF165 antagonizes this effect Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004 101 31 11432 11437
50. Nasarre P., Constantin B., Rouhaud L., Harnois T., Raymond G., Drabkin H. A., Bourmeyster N., Roche J., Semaphorin SEMA3F and VEGF have opposing effects on cell attachment and spreading Neoplasia 2003 5 1 83 92
51. Bertolini F., Shaked Y., Mancuso P., Kerbel R. S., The multifaceted circulating endothelial cell in cancer: towards marker and target identification Nature Reviews Cancer 2006 6 11 835 845
52. Okazaki T., Ebihara S., Asada M., Kanda A., Sasaki H., Yamaya M., Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promotes tumor angiogenesis via increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells and Gr1+CD11b+ cells in cancer animal models International Immunology 2006 18 1 1 9
53. De Palma M., Venneri M. A., Galli R., Sergi L. S., Politi L. S., Sampaolesi M., Naldini L., Tie2 identifies a hematopoietic lineage of proangiogenic monocytes required for tumor vessel formation and a mesenchymal population of pericyte progenitors Cancer Cell 2005 8 3 211 226
54. Venneri M. A., De Palma M., Ponzoni M., Pucci F., Scielzo C., Zonari E., Mazzieri R., Doglioni C., Naldini L., Identification of proangiogenic TIE2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) in human peripheral blood and cancer Blood 2007 109 12 5276 5285
55. Conejo-Garcia J. R., Buckanovich R. J., Benencia F., Courreges M. C., Rubin S. C., Carroll R. G., Coukos G., Vascular leukocytes contribute to tumor vascularization Blood 2005 105 2 679 681
56. Grunewald M., Avraham I., Dor Y., Bachar-Lustig E., Itin A., Yung S., Chimenti S., Landsman L., Abramovitch R., Keshet E., VEGF-induced adult neovascularization: recruitment, retention, and role of accessory cells Cell 2006 124 1 175 189
57. Peters B. A., Diaz L. A. Jr., Polyak K., Meszler L., Romans K., Guinan E. C., Antin J. H., Myerson D., Hamilton S. R., Vogelstein B., Kinzler K. W., Lengauer C., Contribution of bone marrow-derived endothelial cells to human tumor vasculature Nature Medicine 2005 11 3 261 262
58. Garcia-Barros M., Paris F., Cordon-Cardo C., Lyden D., Raf S. II, Haimovitz-Friedman A., Fuks Z., Kolesnick R., Tumor response to radiotherapy regulated by endothelial cell apoptosis Science 2003 300 5622 1155 1159
59. Spring H., Schler T., Arnold B., Hmmerling G. J., Ganss R., Chemokines direct endothelial progenitors into tumor neovessels Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005 102 50 18111 18116
60. Shaked Y., Ciarrocchi A., Franco M., Lee C. R., Man S., Cheung A. M., Hicklin D. J., Chaplin D., Foster F. S., Benezra R., Kerbel R. S., Therapy-induced acute recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells to tumors Science 2006 313 5794 1785 1787
61. Siemann D. W., Chaplin D. J., Horsman M. R., Vascular-targeting therapies for treatment of malignant disease Cancer 2004 100 12 2491 2499
62. Ferrara N., Kerbel R. S., Angiogenesis as a therapeutic target Nature 2005 438 7070 967 974
63. Jain R. K., Duda D. G., Clark J. W., Loeffler J. S., Lessons from phase III clinical trials on anti-VEGF therapy for cancer Nature Clinical Practice Oncology 2006 3 1 24 40
64. Medina M. A., Munoz-Chapuli R., Quesada A. R., Challenges of antiangiogenic cancer therapy: trials and errors, and renewed hope Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 2007 11 3 374 382
65. Aflibercept: AVE 0005, AVE 005, AVE0005, VEGF Trapregeneron, VEGF Trap (R1R2), VEGF Trap-eye Drugs in R and D 2008 9 4 261 269
66. Krause D. S., Van Etten R. A., Tyrosine kinases as targets for cancer therapy The New England Journal of Medicine 2005 353 2 172 187
67. Motzer R. J., Hutson T. E., Tomczak P., Michaelson D., Bukowski R. M., Rixe O., Oudard S., Negrier S., Szczylik C., Kim S. T., Chen I., Bycott P. W., Baum C. M., Figlin R. A., Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma The New England Journal of Medicine 2007 356 2 115 124
68. Llovet J. M., Ricci S., Mazzaferro V., Hilgard P., Gane E., Blanc J.-F., De Oliveira A. C., Santoro A., Raoul J.-L., Forner A., Schwartz M., Porta C., Zeuzem S., Bolondi L., Greten T. F., Galle P. R., Seitz J.-F., Borbath I., Hussinger D., Giannaris T., Shan M., Moscovici M., Voliotis D., Bruix J., Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma The New England Journal of Medicine 2008 359 4 378 390
69. Jubb A. M., Oates A. J., Holden S., Koeppen H., Predicting benefit from anti-angiogenic agents in malignancy Nature Reviews Cancer 2006 6 8 626 635
70. Jaffe C. C., Measures of response: RECIST, WHO, and new alternatives Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006 24 20 3245 3251
71. Duda D. G., Jain R. K., Willett C. G., Antiangiogenics: the potential role of integrating this novel treatment modality with chemoradiation for solid cancers Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007 25 26 4033 4042
72. Akslen L. A., Naumov G. N., Tumor dormancyfrom basic mechanisms to clinical practice APMIS 2008 116 7-8 545 547
73. Naumov G. N., Folkman J., Straume O., Akslen L. A., Tumor-vascular interactions and tumor dormancy APMIS 2008 116 7-8 569 585
74. Carmeliet P., Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine Nature 2005 438 7070 932 936
75. Greenberg J. I., Shields D. J., Barillas S. G., Acevedo L. M., Murphy E., Huang J., Scheppke L., Stockmann C., Johnson R. S., Angle N., Cheresh D. A., A role for VEGF as a negative regulator of pericyte function and vessel maturation Nature 2008 456 7223 809 814
76. Jain R. K., Normalizing tumor vasculature with anti-angiogenic therapy: a new paradigm for combination therapy Nature Medicine 2001 7 9 987 989
77. Jain R. K., Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy Science 2005 307 5706 58 62
78. Dings R. P. M., Loren M., Heun H., McNiel E., Griffioen A. W., Mayo K. H., Griffin R. J., Scheduling of radiation with angiogenesis inhibitors anginex and avastin improves therapeutic outcome via vessel normalization Clinical Cancer Research 2007 13 11 3395 3402
79. McDonald D. M., Choyke P. L., Imaging of angiogenesis: from microscope to clinic Nature Medicine 2003 9 6 713 725
80. Provenzale J. M., Imaging of angiogenesis: clinical techniques and novel imaging methods American Journal of Roentgenology 2007 188 1 11 23
81. Shaked Y., Bertolini F., Man S., Rogers M. S., Cervi D., Foutz T., Rawn K., Voskas D., Dumont D. J., Ben-David Y., Lawler J., Henkin J., Huber J., Hicklin D. J., D'Amato R. J., Kerbel R. S., Genetic heterogeneity of the vasculogenic phenotype parallels angiogenesis: implications for cellular surrogate marker analysis of antiangiogenesis Cancer Cell 2005 7 1 101 111
82. Padhani A. R., Leach M. O., Antivascular cancer treatments: functional assessments by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging Abdominal Imaging 2005 30 3 324 341
83. Barrett T., Brechbiel M., Bernardo M., Choyke P. L., MRI of tumor angiogenesis Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2007 26 2 235 249
84. Tofts P. S., Brix G., Buckley D. L., Evelhoch J. L., Henderson E., Knopp M. V., Larsson H. B. W., Lee T.-Y., Mayr N. A., Parker G. J. M., Port R. E., Taylor J., Weisskoff R. M., Estimating kinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced T1- weighted MRI of a diffusable tracer: standardized quantities and symbols Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1999 10 3 223 232
85. Morgan B., Thomas A. L., Drevs J., Hennig J., Buchert M., Jivan A., Horsfield M. A., Mross K., Ball H. A., Lee L., Mietlowski W., Fuxius S., Unger C., O'Byrne K., Henry A., Cherryman G. R., Laurent D., Dugan M., Marm D., Steward W. P., Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for the pharmacological response of PTK787/ZK 222584, an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and liver metastases: results from two phase I studies Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003 21 21 3955 3964
86. Gossmann A., Helbich T. H., Kuriyama N., Ostrowitzki S., Roberts T. P. L., Shames D. M., Van Bruggen N., Wendland M. F., Israel M. A., Brasch R. C., Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a surrogate marker of tumor response to anti-angiogenic therapy in a xenograft model of glioblastoma multiforme Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2002 15 3 233 240
87. Leach M. O., Brindle K. M., Evelhoch J. L., Griffiths J. R., Horsman M. R., Jackson A., Jayson G., Judson I. R., Knopp M. V., Maxwell R. J., McIntyre D., Padhani A. R., Price P., Rathbone R., Rustin G., Tofts P. S., Tozer G. M., Vennart W., Waterton J. C., Williams S. R., Workman P., Assessment of antiangiogenic and antivascular therapeutics using MRI: recommendations for appropriate methodology for clinical trials British Journal of Radiology 2003 76 1 S87 S91
88. Miller J. C., Pien H. H., Sahani D., Sorensen A. G., Thrall J. H., Imaging angiogenesis: application and potential for drug development Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2005 97 3 172 187
89. Rosen M. A., Schnall M. D., Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for assessing tumor vascularity and vascular effects of targeted therapies in renal cell carcinoma Clinical Cancer Research 2007 13 2, part 2 770s 776s
90. Willett C. G., Boucher Y., Di Tomaso E., Duda D. G., Munn L. L., Tong R. T., Chung D. C., Sahani D. V., Kalva S. P., Kozin S. V., Mino M., Cohen K. S., Scadden D. T., Hartford A. C., Fischman A. J., Clark J. W., Ryan D. P., Zhu A. X., Blaszkowsky L. S., Chen H. X., Shellito P. C., Lauwers G. Y., Jain R. K., Direct evidence that the VEGF-specific antibody bevacizumab has antivascular effects in human rectal cancer Nature Medicine 2004 10 2 145 147
91. Hahn O. M., Yang C., Medved M., Karczmar G., Kistner E., Karrison T., Manchen E., Mitchell M., Ratain M. J., Stadler W. M., Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging pharmacodynamic biomarker study of sorafenib in metastatic renal carcinoma Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 26 28 4572 4578
92. Zhu A. X., Holalkere N. S., Muzikansky A., Horgan K., Sahani D. V., Early antiangiogenic activity of bevacizumab evaluated by computed tomography perfusion scan in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma Oncologist 2008 13 2 120 125
93. Broumas A. R., Pollard R. E., Bloch S. H., Wisner E. R., Griffey S., Ferrara K. W., Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasound for the evaluation of tumor blood flow Investigative Radiology 2005 40 3 134 147
94. Dugdale P. E., Miles K. A., Bunce I., Kelley B. B., Leggett D. A. C., CT measurement of perfusion and permeability within lymphoma masses and its ability to assess grade, activity, and chemotherapeutic response Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 1999 23 4 540 547
95. Pollard R. E., Garcia T. C., Stieger S. M., Ferrara K. W., Sadlowski A. R., Wisner E. R., Quantitative evaluation of perfusion and permeability of peripheral tumors using contrast-enhanced computed tomography Investigative Radiology 2004 39 6 340 349
96. Tsushima Y., Funabasama S., Aoki J., Sanada S., Endo K., Quantitative perfusion map of malignant liver tumors, created from dynamic computed tomography data Academic Radiology 2004 11 2 215 223
97. Castell F., Cook G. J. R., Quantitative techniques in 18FDG PET scanning in oncology British Journal of Cancer 2008 98 10 1597 1601
98. Lodge M. A., Carson R. E., Carrasquillo J. A., Whatley M., Libutti S. K., Bacharach S. L., Parametric images of blood flow in oncology PET studies using [15O]water Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2000 41 11 1784 1792
99. De Langen A. J., Van Den Boogaart V. E. M., Marcus J. T., Lubberink M., Use of H215O-PET and DCE-MRI to measure tumor blood flow Oncologist 2008 13 6 631 644
100. Franklin D. L., Schlegel W., Rushmer R. F., Blood flow measured by Doppler frequency shift of back-scattered ultrasound Science 1961 134 3478 564 565
101. Fry W. J., Production of focal destructive lesions in the central nervous system with ultrasound Journal of Neurosurgery 1954 11 5 417 418
102. Correas J.-M., Bridal L., Lesavre A., Mjean A., Claudon M., Hlnon O., Ultrasound contrast agents: properties, principles of action, tolerance, and artifacts European Radiology 2001 11 8 1316 1328
103. Morgan K. E., Experimental and theoretical evaluation of microbubble behavior: effect of transmitted phase and bubble size IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 2000 47 6 1494 1509
104. Cwajg J., Detection of angiographically significant coronary artery disease with accelerated intermittent imaging after intravenous administration of ultrasound contrast material American Heart Journal 2000 139 4 675 683
105. Cheng S.-C., Dy T. C., Feinstein S. B., Contrast echocardiography: review and future directions American Journal of Cardiology 1998 81 12 A 41G 48G
106. Cohen J. L., Cheirif J., Segar D. S., Gillam L. D., Gottdiener J. S., Hausnerova E., Bruns D. E., Improved left ventricular endocardial border delineation and opacification with OPTISON (FS069), a new echocardiographic contrast agent: results of a phase III multicenter trial Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1998 32 3 746 752
107. Krix M., Quantification of enhancement in contrast ultrasound: a tool for monitoring of therapies in liver metastases European Radiology, Supplement 2005 15 5 E104 E108
108. Krix M., Monitoring of liver metastases after stereotactic radiotherapy using low-MI contrast-enhanced ultrasoundinitial results European Radiology 2005 15 4 677 684
109. Kim T. K., Choi B. I., Han J. K., Hong H.-S., Park S. H., Moon S. G., Hepatic tumors: contrast agent-enhancement patterns with pulse-inversion harmonic US Radiology 2000 216 2 411 417
110. Forsberg F., Goldberg B. B., Liu J.-B., Merton D. A., Rawool N. M., Shi W. T., Tissue-specific US contrast agent for evaluation of hepatic and splenic parenchyma Radiology 1999 210 1 125 132
111. Harvey C. J., Blomley M. J. K., Eckersley R. J., Heckemann R. A., Butler-Barnes J., Cosgrove D. O., Pulse-inversion mode imaging of liver specific microbubbles: improved detection of subcentimetre metastases Lancet 2000 355 9206 807 808
112. Niermann K. J., Fleischer A. C., Huamani J., Yankeelov T. E., Kim D. W., Wilson W. D., Hallahan D. E., Measuring tumor perfusion in control and treated murine tumors: correlation of microbubble contrast-enhanced sonography to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 2007 26 6 749 756
113. Yankeelov T. E., Correlation between estimates of tumor perfusion from microbubble contrast-enhanced sonography and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 2006 25 4 487 497
114. Ismail S., Relation between air-filled albumin microbubble and red blood cell rheology in the human myocardium. Influence of echocardiographic systems and chest wall attenuation Circulation 1996 94 3 445 451
115. Villanueva F. S., Jankowski R. J., Manaugh C., Wagner W. R., Albumin microbubble adherence to human coronary endotheliumml: implications for assessment of endothelial function using myocardial contrast echocardiography Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1997 30 3 689 693
116. Lindner J. R., Coggins M. P., Kaul S., Klibanov A. L., Brandenburger G. H., Ley K., Microbubble persistence in the microcirculation during ischemia/reperfusion and inflammation is caused by integrin- and complement- mediated adherence to activated leukocytes Circulation 2000 101 6 668 675
117. Lindner J. R., Dayton P. A., Coggins M. P., Ley K., Song J., Ferrara K., Kaul S., Noninvasive imaging of inflammation by ultrasound detection of Phagocytosed microbubbles Circulation 2000 102 5 531 538 (Pubitemid 30639971)
118. Dayton P. A., Ferrara K. W., Targeted imaging using ultrasound Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2002 16 4 362 377
119. Korpanty G., Grayburn P. A., Shohet R. V., Brekken R. A., Targeting vascular endothelium with avidin microbubbles Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 2005 31 9 1279 1283
120. Lanza G. M., Wickline S. A., Targeted ultrasonic contrast agents for molecular imaging and therapy Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 2001 44 1 13 31
121. Lindner J. R., Song J., Christiansen J., Klibanov A. L., Xu F., Ley K., Ultrasound assessment of inflammation and renal tissue injury with microbubbles targeted to P-selectin Circulation 2001 104 17 2107 2112
122. Villanueva F. S., Jankowski R. J., Klibanov S., Pina M. L., Alber S. M., Watkins S. C., Brandenburger G. H., Wagner W. R., Microbubbles targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 bind to activated coronary artery endothelial cells Circulation 1998 98 1 1 5
123. Villanueva F. S., Wagner W. R., Ultrasound molecular imaging of cardiovascular disease Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 2008 5 2 S26 S32
124. Hida K., Hida Y., Amin D. N., Flint A. F., Panigrahy D., Morton C. C., Klagsbrun M., Tumor-associated endothelial cells with cytogenetic abnormalities Cancer Research 2004 64 22 8249 8255
125. St. Croix B., Rago C., Velculescu V., Traverso G., Romans K. E., Montegomery E., Lal A., Riggins G. J., Lengauer C., Vogelstein B., Kinzler K. W., Genes expressed in human tumor endothelium Science 2000 289 5482 1197 1202
126. Eberhard A., Kahlert S., Goede V., Hemmerlein B., Plate K. H., Augustin H. G., Heterogeneity of angiogenesis and blood vessel maturation in human tumors: implications for antiangiogenic tumor therapies Cancer Research 2000 60 5 1388 1393
127. Lee D. J., Relationship between retention of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-targeted ultrasonographic contrast agent and the level of VEGFR2 expression in an in vivo breast cancer model Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 2008 27 6 855 866
128. Lyshchik A., Fleischer A. C., Huamani J., Hallahan D. E., Brissova M., Gore J. C., Molecular imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression using targeted contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasonography Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 2007 26 11 1575 1586
129. Palmowski M., Huppert J., Ladewig G., Hauff P., Reinhardt M., Mueller M. M., Woenne E. C., Jenne J. W., Maurer M., Kauffmann G. W., Semmler W., Kiessling F., Molecular profiling of angiogenesis with targeted ultrasound imaging: early assessment of antiangiogenic therapy effects Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2008 7 1 101 109
130. Leong-Poi H., Molecular imaging using contrast-enhanced ultrasound: evaluation of angiogenesis and cell therapy Cardiovascular Research 2009 84 2 190 200
131. Kuliszewski M. A., Fuj H. II, Liao C., Smith A. H., Xie A., Lindner J. R., Leong-Poi H., Molecular imaging of endothelial progenitor cell engraftment using contrast-enhanced ultrasound and targeted microbubbles Cardiovascular Research 2009 83 4 653 662
132. Willmann J. K., Cheng Z., Davis C., Lutz A. M., Schipper M. L., Nielsen C. H., Gambhir S. S., Targeted microbubbles for imaging tumor angiogenesis: assessment of whole-body biodistribution with dynamic micro-pet in Mice Radiology 2008 249 1 212 219
133. Willmann J. K., Lutz A. M., Paulmurugan R., Patel M. R., Chu P., Rosenberg J., Gambhir S. S., Dual-targeted contrast agent for US assessment of tumor angiogenesis in vivo Radiology 2008 248 3 936 944
134. Verheul H. M. W., Pinedo H. M., Possible molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of angiogenesis inhibition Nature Reviews Cancer 2007 7 6 475 485
135. Zhu X., Wu S., Dahut W. L., Parikh C. R., Risks of proteinuria and hypertension with bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor: systematic review and meta-analysis American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2007 49 2 186 193
136. Eremina V., Jefferson J. A., Kowalewska J., Hochster H., Haas M., Weisstuch J., Richardson C., Kopp J. B., Kabir M. G., Backx P. H., Gerber H.-P., Ferrara N., Barisoni L., Alpers C. E., Quaggin S. E., VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy The New England Journal of Medicine 2008 358 11 1129 1136 (Pubitemid 351398487)
137. Rudge J. S., Inaugural article: VEGF Trap complex formation measures production rates of VEGF, providing a biomarker for predicting efficacious angiogenic blockade Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA 2007 104 47 18363 18370
138. Herbst R. S., Sandler A. B., Non-small cell lung cancer and antiangiogenic therapy: what can be expected of bevacizumab? Oncologist 2004 9 1 19 26
139. Sandler A., Gray R., Perry M. C., Brahmer J., Schiller J. H., Dowlati A., Lilenbaum R., Johnson D. H., Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer The New England Journal of Medicine 2006 355 24 2542 2550 (Pubitemid 44917502)
140. Traina T. A., Norton L., Drucker K., Singh B., Nasal septum perforation in a bevacizumab-treated patient with metastatic breast cancer Oncologist 2006 11 10 1070 1071
141. Ozcan C., Wong S. J., Hari P., Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome and bevacizumab The New England Journal of Medicine 2006 354 9 981 982
142. Estilo C. L., Fornier M., Farooki A., Carlson D., Bohle I G. II, Huryn J. M., Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to bevacizumab Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 26 24 4037 4038
143. Roodhart J. M., Langenberg M. H., Witteveen E., Voest E. E., The molecular basis of class side effects due to treatment with inhibitors of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway Current Clinical Pharmacology 2008 3 2 132 143
144. Je Y., Schutz F. A., Choueiri T. K., Risk of bleeding with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials The Lancet Oncology 2009 10 10 967 974
145. Brower V., Antiangiogenesis research is booming, as questions and studies proliferate Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2009 101 11 780 781
146. Bergers G., Hanahan D., Modes of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy Nature Reviews Cancer 2008 8 8 592 603
147. Batchelor T. T., Sorensen A. G., di Tomaso E., Zhang W.-T., Duda D., Cohen K. S., Kozak K. R., Cahill D. P., Chen P.-J., Zhu M., Ancukiewicz M., Mrugala M. M., Plotkin S., Drappatz J., Louis D. N., Ivy P., Scadden D., Benner T., Loeffler J. S., Wen P. Y., Jain R. K., AZD2171, a pan-VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, normalizes tumor vasculature and alleviates edema in glioblastoma patients Cancer Cell 2007 11 1 83 95
148. Casanovas O., Hicklin D. J., Bergers G., Hanahan D., Drug resistance by evasion of antiangiogenic targeting of VEGF signaling in late-stage pancreatic islet tumors Cancer Cell 2005 8 4 299 309
149. Mizukami Y., Jo W.-S., Duerr E.-M., Gala M., Li J., Zhang X., Zimmer M. A., Iliopoulos O., Zukerberg L. R., Kohgo Y., Lynch M. P., Rueda B. R., Chung D. C., Induction of interleukin-8 preserves the angiogenic response in HIF-1 -deficient colon cancer cells Nature Medicine 2005 11 9 992 997
150. Mancuso M. R., Davis R., Norberg S. M., O'Brien S., Sennino B., Nakahara T., Yao V. J., Inai T., Brooks P., Freimark B., Shalinsky D. R., Hu-Lowe D. D., McDonald D. M., Rapid vascular regrowth in tumors after reversal of VEGF inhibition Journal of Clinical Investigation 2006 116 10 2610 2621
151. Song S., Ewald A. J., Stallcup W., Werb Z., Bergers G., PDGFR + perivascular progenitor cells in tumours regulate pericyte differentiation and vascular survival Nature Cell Biology 2005 7 9 870 879
152. Yu J. L., Rak J. W., Carmeliet P., Nagy A., Kerbel R. S., Coomber B. L., Heterogeneous vascular dependence of tumor cell populations American Journal of Pathology 2001 158 4 1325 1334
153. Bhatt R. S., Seth P., Sukhatme V. P., Biomarkers for monitoring antiangiogenic therapy Clinical Cancer Research 2007 13 2, part 2 777s 780s