Dissymmetries in fluorescence excitation and emission from single chiral molecules

Chirality

Volumn 21, Issue 1 E, 2009, Pages

  Hassey Paradise, Ruthanne ^a   Cyphersmith, Austin ^a   Tilley, Anna May ^a   Mortsolf, Tim ^a   Basak, Dipankur ^a   Venkataraman, Dhandapani ^a   Barnes, Michael D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

Chiroptical spectroscopy; Circularly polarized luminescence; Fluorescence excitation; Single molecule

Indexed keywords

HELICENES; POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBON;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL MODEL; CHEMISTRY; CIRCULAR DICHROISM; FLUORESCENCE; METHODOLOGY; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; STEREOISOMERISM;

CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL; CIRCULAR DICHROISM; FLUORESCENCE; MODELS, CHEMICAL; POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; STEREOISOMERISM;

EID: 77952979662     PISSN: 08990042     EISSN: 1520636X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/chir.20809     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (227)

1. Barron L. Molecular light scattering and optical activity, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2004.
2. Berova N, Nakanishi K, Woody RW, editors. Circular dichroism: principles and applications, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-VCH; 2000.
3. Stephens PJ, Devlin FJ, Cheeseman JR, Frisch MJ. Calculation of optical rotation using density functional theory. J Phys Chem A 2001;105:5356-5371.
4. Cheeseman JR, Frisch MJ, Devlin FJ, Stephens PJ, Cammi R, Mennucci B, Tomasi J. Ab initio calculation of optical rotation. Abstr Pap Am Chem Soc 2000;219:U348-U348.
5. Ashvar CS, Devlin FJ, Stephens PJ. Molecular structure in solution: An ab initio vibrational spectroscopy study of phenyloxirane. J Am Chem Soc 1999;121:2836-2849.
6. Devlin FJ, Stephens PJ, Cheeseman JR, Frisch MJ. Ab initio prediction of vibrational absorption and circular dichroism spectra of chiral natural products using density functional theory: camphor and fenchone. J Phys Chem A 1997;101:6322-6333.
7. Nafie LA, Keiderling TA, Stephens PJ. Vibrational circular-dichroism. J Am Chem Soc 1976;98:2715-2723.
8. Wu CS, Ambler E, Hayward RW, Hoppes DD, Hudson RP. Experimental test of parity conservation in beta-decay. Phys Rev 1957;105: 1413-1415.
9. Glashow SL, Weinberg S. Breaking chiral symmetry. Phys Rev Lett 1968;20:224-227.
10. Coleman S, Glashow SL. Chiral symmetries. Ann Phys 1962;17:41-60.
11. Allevi P, Cribiu R, Giannini E, Anastasia M. Practical syntheses of pyridinolines, important amino acidic biomarkers of collagen health. J Org Chem 2007;72:3478-3483.
12. Varghese OP, Barman J, Pathmasiri W, Plashkevych O, Honcharenko D, Chattopadhyaya J. Conformationally constrained 20-N, 40-Cethylene- bridged thymidine (aza-ENA-T): synthesis, structure, physical, and biochemical studies of aza-ENA-T-modified oligonucleotides. J Am Chem Soc 2006;128:15173-15187.
13. Ferber B, Top S, Vessieres A, Welter R, Jaouen G. Synthesis of optically pure o- formylcyclopentadienyl metal complexes of 17 alphaethynylestradiol. Recognition of the planar chirality by the estrogen receptor. Organometallics 2006;25:5730-5739.
14. Major DT, Nahum V, Wang YF, Reiser G, Fischer B. Molecular recognition in purinergic receptors. 2. Diastereoselectivity of the h-P2Y(1)-receptor. J Med Chem 2004;47:4405-4416.
15. Agmon I, Amit M, Auerbach T, Bashan A, Baram D, Bartels H, Berisio R, Greenberg I, Harms J, Hansen HAS, Kessler M, Pyetan E, Schluenzen F, Sittner A, Yonath A, Zarivach R. Ribosomal crystallography: A flexible nucleotide anchoring tRNA translocation facilitates peptide-bond formation, chirality discrimination and antibiotics synergism. FEBS Lett 2004;567:20-26.
16. Yashima E, Maeda K. Chirality-responsive helical polymers. Macromolecules 2008;41:3-12.
17. Wang W, Shaller AD, Li ADQ. Twisted perylene stereodimers reveal chiral molecular assembly codes. J Am Chem Soc 2008;130: 8271-8279.
18. Izake EL. Chiral discrimination and enantioselective analysis of drugs: An overview. J Pharm Sci 2007;96:1659-1676.
19. Lemieux RP. Molecular recognition in chiral smectic liquid crystals: The effect of core core interactions and chirality transfer on polar order. Chem Soc Rev 2007;36:2033-2045.
20. Fasel R, Parschau M, Ernst KH. Amplification of chirality in two-dimensional enantiomorphous lattices. Nature 2006;439:449- 452.
21. Guo PZ, Zhang L, Liu MH. A supramolecular chiroptical switch exclusively from an achiral amphiphile. Adv Mater 2006;18:177.
22. Seeber G, Tiedemann BEF, Raymond KN. Supramolecular chirality in coordination chemistry. Supramol Chirality 2006;265:147-183.
23. Miyauchi M, Takashima Y, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Chiral supramolecular polymers formed by host-guest interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2005;127:2984-2989.
24. Zhang J, Albelda MT, Liu Y, Canary JW. Chiral nanotechnology. Chirality 2005;17:404-418.
25. Tamura K, Sato H, Yamashita S, Yamagishi A, Yamada H. Orientational tuning of monolayers of amphiphilic ruthenium(II) complexes for optimizing chirality distinction capability. J Phys Chem B 2004; 108:8287-8293.
26. van Delden RA, Huck NPM, Piet JJ, Warman JM, Meskers SCJ, Dekkers HPJM, Feringa BL. Remarkable solvent-dependent excited-state chirality: A molecular modulator of circularly polarized luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2003;125:15659-15665.
27. Allenmark S. Induced circular dichroism by chiral molecular interaction. Chirality 2003;15:409-422.
28. Lahav M, Kharitonov AB, Willner I. Imprinting of chiral molecular recognition sites in thin TiO2 films associated with field-effect transistors: novel functionalized devices for chiroselective and chirospecific analyses. Chem Eur J 2001;7:3992-3997.
29. Huang XF, Nakanishi K, Berova N. Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins: versatile circular dichroic reporter groups for structural studies. Chirality 2000;12:237-255.
30. Rekharsky M, Inoue Y. Chiral recognition thermodynamics of betacyclodextrin: The thermodynamic origin of enantioselectivity and the enthalpy-entropy compensation effect. J Am Chem Soc 2000; 122:4418-4435.
31. Ryu JH, Tang L, Lee E, Kim HJ, Lee M. Supramolecular helical columns from the self- assembly of chiral rods. Chem Eur J 2008;14: 871-881.
32. Gottarelli G, Lena S, Masiero S, Pieraccini S, Spada GP. The use of circular dichroism spectroscopy for studying the chiral molecular self-assembly: An overview. Chirality 2008;20:471-485.
33. Dressler DH, Mastai Y. Chiral crystallization of glutamic acid on self assembled films of cysteine. Chirality 2007;19:358-365.
34. Rudick JG, Percec V. Helical chirality in dendronized polyarylacetylenes. New J Chem 2007;31:1083-1096.
35. De Feyter S, De Schryver FC. Two-dimensional supramolecular self-assembly probed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2003;32:139-150.
36. Fasel R, Parschau M, Ernst KH. Chirality transfer from single molecules into self- assembled monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed 2003; 42:5178-5181.
37. Schenning APHJ, Kilbinger AFM, Biscarini F, Cavallini M, Cooper HJ, Derrick PJ, Feast WJ, Lazzaroni R, Leclere P, McDonell LA, Meijer EW, Meskers SCJ. Supramolecular organization of alpha, alpha0-disubstituted sexithiophenes. J Am Chem Soc 2002;124:1269- 1275.
38. Barth JV, Weckesser J, Trimarchi G, Vladimirova M, De Vita A, Cai CZ, Brune H, Gunter P, Kern K. Stereochemical effects in supramolecular self-assembly at surfaces: 1-D versus 2-D enantiomorphic ordering for PVBA and PEBA on Ag(111). J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:7991-8000.
39. Li CJ, Zeng QD, Wu P, Xu SL, Wang C, Qiao YH, Wan LJ, Bai CL. Molecular symmetry breaking and chiral expression of discotic liquid crystals in two-dimensional systems. J Phys Chem B 2002;106: 13262-13267.
40. Kirstein S, von Berlepsch H, Bottcher C, Burger C, Ouart A, Reck G, Dahne S. Chiral J. Aggregates formed by achiral cyanine dyes. Chemphyschem 2000;1:146.
41. Engelkamp H, Middelbeek S, Nolte RJM. Self-assembly of diskshaped molecules to coiled-coil aggregates with tunable helicity. Science 1999;284:785-788.
42. Prins LJ, Huskens J, de Jong F, Timmerman P, Reinhoudt DN. Complete asymmetric induction of supramolecular chirality in a hydrogen-bonded assembly. Nature 1999;398:498-502.
43. Charra F, Cousty J. Surface-induced chirality in a self-assembled monolayer of discotic liquid crystal. Phys Rev Lett 1998;80:1682- 1685.
44. Spector MS, Easwaran KRK, Jyothi G, Selinger JV, Singh A, Schnur JM. Chiral molecular self-assembly of phospholipid tubules: A circular dichroism study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:12943-12946.
45. Hanessian S, Simard M, Roelens S. Molecular recognition and selfassembly by non-amidic hydrogen-bonding-an exceptional assembler of neutral and charged supramolecular structures. J Am Chem Soc 1995;117:7630-7645.
46. Brienne MJ, Gabard J, Leclercq M, Lehn JM, Cesario M, Pascard C, Cheve M, Dutrucrosset G. Chirality directed self-assembly- resolution of 2, 5-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3, 6-dione and crystalstructures of its racemic and (2) enantiomeric Forms. Tetrahedron Lett 1994;35:8157-8160.
47. Selinger JV, Schnur JM. Theory of chiral lipid tubules. Phys Rev Lett 1993;71:4091-4094.
48. Schnur JM. Lipid tubules-a paradigm for molecularly engineered structures. Science 1993;262:1669-1676.
49. Ashton PR, Brown GR, Isaacs NS, Giuffrida D, Kohnke FH, Mathias JP, Slawin AMZ, Smith DR, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ. Molecular lego. I. Substrate-directed synthesis via stereoregular Diels-Alder oligomerizations. J Am Chem Soc 1992;114:6330-6353.
50. Srinivasarao M. Chirality and polymers. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 1999;4:147-152.
51. Autschbach J, Jensen L, Schatz GC, Tse YCE, Krykunov M. Timedependent density functional calculations of optical rotatory dispersion including resonance wavelengths as a potentially useful tool for determining absolute configurations of chiral molecules. J Phys Chem A 2006;110:2461-2473.
52. Wilson SM, Wiberg KB, Cheeseman JR, Frisch MJ, Vaccaro PH. Nonresonant optical activity of isolated organic molecules. J Phys Chem A 2005;109:11752-11764.
53. Cantuel M, Bernardinelli G, Muller G, Riehl JP, Piguet C. The first enantiomerically pure helical noncovalent tripod for assembling nine-coordinate lanthanide(III) podates. Inorg Chem 2004;43:1840- 1849.
54. Muller T, Wiberg KB, Vaccaro PH, Cheeseman JR, Frisch MJ. Cavity ring-down polarimetry (CRDP): Theoretical and experimental characterization. J Opt Soc Am B 2002;19:125-141.
55. Kuball HG, Altschuh J. Optical-activity of oriented molecules, 7, Comparison of the optical-rotatory dispersion and the circulardichroism through the Kramers Kronig transform. Chem Phys Lett 1982;87:599-603.
56. Kaminsky W, Geday MA, Herreros-Cedres J, Kahr B. Optical rotatory and circular dichroic scattering. J Phys Chem A 2003;107:2800-2807.
57. Tanaka K, Pescitelli G, Nakanishi K, Berova N. Fluorescence detected exciton coupled circular dichroism: development of new fluorescent reporter groups for structural studies. Monatsh Chem 2005;136:367-395.
58. Nehira T, Tanaka K, Takakuwa T, Ohshima C, Masago H, Pescitelli G, Wada A, Berova N. Development of a universal ellipsoidal mirror device for fluorescence detected circular dichroism: elimination of polarization artifacts. Appl Spectrosc 2005;59:121-125.
59. Muller G, Muller FC, Maupin CL, Riehl JP. The measurement of the fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD) from a chiral Eu(III) system. Chem Commun 2005;28:3615-3617.
60. Nehira T, Parish CA, Jockusch S, Turro NJ, Nakanishi K, Berova N. Fluorescence- detected exciton-coupled circular dichroism: scope and limitation in structural studies of organic molecules. J Am Chem Soc 1999;121:8681-8691.
61. Dong JG, Wada A, Takakuwa T, Nakanishi K, Berova N. Sensitivity enhancement of exciton coupling by fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD). J Am Chem Soc 1997;119:12024-12025.
62. Lamos ML, Lobenstine EW, Turner DH. Fluorescence-detected circular- dichroism of ethidium bound to nucleic-acids. J Am Chem Soc 1986;108:4278-4284.
63. Lamos ML, Walker GT, Krugh TR, Turner DH. Fluorescencedetected circular- dichroism of ethidium bound to Poly(Dg-Dc) and Poly(Dg-M5dc) under B-Form and Z-Form conditions. Biochemistry 1986;25:687-691.
64. Lamos ML, Walker GT, Krugh TR, Turner DH. Fluorescencedetected circular-dichroism of ethidium invivo and bound to nucleicacids invitro. J Electrochem Soc 1985;132:C365-C365.
65. Lobenstine EW, Schaefer WC, Turner DH. Fluorescence detected circular-dichroism of proteins with single fluorescent tryptophans. J Am Chem Soc 1981;103:4936-4940.
66. Lobenstine EW, Turner DH. Further verification of fluorescencedetected circular- dichroism. J Am Chem Soc 1980;102:7786-7787.
67. Lobenstine EW, Turner DH. Photo-selected fluorescence detected circular-dichroism. J Am Chem Soc 1979;101:2205-2207.
68. Tinoco I, Ehrenberg B, Steinberg IZ. Fluorescence detected circular- dichroism and circular-polarization of luminescence in rigid media-direction dependent optical-activity obtained by photoselection. J Chem Phys 1977;66:916-920.
69. Ehrenberg B, Steinberg IZ. Effect of photoselection on fluorescence- detected circular- dichroism. J Am Chem Soc 1976;98:1293- 1295.
70. Tinoco I, Turner DH. Fluorescence detected circular-dichroism- theory. J Am Chem Soc 1976;98:6453-6456.
71. Turner DH, Tinoco I, Maestre M. Fluorescence detected circulardichroism. J Am Chem Soc 1974;96:4340-4342.
72. McCann DM, Stephens PJ. Determination of absolute configuration using density functional theory calculations of optical rotation and electronic circular dichroism: chiral alkenes. J Org Chem 2006;71: 6074-6098.
73. Stephens PJ, McCann DM, Devlin FJ, Smith AB. Determination of the absolute configurations of natural products via density functional theory calculations of optical rotation, electronic circular dichroism, and vibrational circular dichroism: The cytotoxic sesquiterpene natural products quadrone, suberosenone, suberosanone, and suberosenol A acetate. J Nat Prod 2006;69:1055-1064.
74. Devlin FJ, Stephens PJ, Bortolini O. Determination of absolute configuration using vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy: phenyl glycidic acid derivatives obtained via asymmetric epoxidation using oxone and a keto bile acid. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2005;16:2653- 2663.
75. Stephens PJ, McCann DM, Cheeseman JR, Frisch MJ. Determination of absolute configurations of chiral molecules using ab initio time-dependent density functional theory calculations of optical rotation: how reliable are absolute configurations obtained for molecules with small rotations? Chirality 2005;17:S52-S64.
76. Urbanova M, Setnicka V, Devlin FJ, Stephens PJ. Determination of molecular structure in solution using vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy: The supramolecular tetramer of S-2, 2 0-dimethylbiphenyl- 6, 6 0-dicarboxylic acid. J Am Chem Soc 2005;127:6700- 6711.
77. Stephens PJ, McCann DM, Devlin FJ, Flood TC, Butkus E, Stoncius S, Cheeseman JR. Determination of molecular structure using vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy: The keto-lactone product of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of (1)-(1R, 5S)-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2, 7- dione. J Org Chem 2005;70:3903-3913.
78. Devlin FJ, Stephens PJ, Besse P. Are the absolute configurations of 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)- chromen-4-one and its 6-bromo derivative determined by X-ray crystallography correct? A vibrational circular dichroism study of their acetate derivatives. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2005;16:1557-1566.
79. Devlin FJ, Stephens PJ, Besse P. Conformational rigidification via derivatization facilitates the determination of absolute configuration using chiroptical spectroscopy: A case study of the chiral alcohol endo-borneol. J Org Chem 2005;70:2980-2993.
80. Cere V, Peri F, Pollicino S, Ricci A, Devlin FJ, Stephens PJ, Gasparrini F, Rompietti R, Villani C. Synthesis, chromatographic separation, vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy, and a initio DFT studies of chiral thiepane tetraol derivatives. J Org Chem 2005;70: 664-669.
81. McCann DM, Stephens PJ, Cheeseman JR. Determination of absolute configuration using density functional theory calculation of optical rotation: chiral Alkanes. J Org Chem 2004;69:8709-8717.
82. Stephens PJ, McCann DM, Butkus E, Stoncius S, Cheeseman JR, Frisch MJ. Determination of absolute configuration using concerted ab initio DFT calculations of electronic circular dichroism and optical rotation: bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane diones. J Org Chem 2004;69: 1948-1958.
83. Hassey R, Swain EJ, Hammer NI, Venkataraman D, Barnes MD. Probing the chiroptical response of a single molecule. Science 2006; 314:1437-1439.
84. Pedersen TB, Hansen AE. Ab-initio calculation and display of the rotatory strength tensor in the random-phase-approximation-method and model studies. Chem Phys Lett 1995;246:1-8.
85. Claborn K, Chu AS, Jang SH, Su FY, Kaminsky W, Kahr B. Circular extinction imaging: determination of the absolute orientation of embedded chromophores in enantiomorphously twinned LiKSO4 crystals. Cryst Growth Des 2005;5:2117-2123.
86. Wustholz KL, Kahr B, Reid PJ. Single-molecule orientations in dyed salt crystals. J Phys Chem B 2005;109:16357-16362.
87. Kaminsky W, Claborn K, Kahr B. Polarimetric imaging of crystals. Chem Soc Rev 2004;33:514-525.
88. Claborn K, Puklin-Faucher E, Kurimoto M, Kaminsky W, Kahr B. Circular dichroism imaging microscopy: Application to enantiomorphous twinning in biaxial crystals of 1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone. J Am Chem Soc 2003;125:14825-14831.
89. Stockman TG, Klevickis CA, Grisham CM, Richardson FS. Intermolecular chiral recognition probed by enantiodifferential excited-state quenching kinetics. J Mol Recognit 1996;9:595-606.
90. Riehl JP, Richardson FS. Circularly-polarized luminescence. Metallobiochem C 1993;226:539-553.
91. Metcalf DH, Snyder SW, Wu SG, Hilmes GL, Riehl JP, Demas JN, Richardson FS. Excited-state chiral discrimination observed by time-resolved circularly polarized luminescence measurements. J Am Chem Soc 1989;111:3082-3083.
92. Riehl JP, Richardson FS. Circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Chem Rev 1986;86:1-16.
93. Riehl JP, Richardson FS. Polarization of pure electric quadrupole transitions in the electronic-spectra of molecules. J Chem Phys 1980;72:2138-2147.
94. Boyd DB, Riehl JP, Richardson FS. Electronic-structures of cephalosporins and penicillins. 8. Chiroptical properties of 1-Carbapenam and orbital mixing in nonplanar amides. Tetrahedron 1979;35:1499- 1508.
95. Riehl JP, Richardson FS. Theory of magnetic linearly polarized emission. I. paramagnetic molecules in a rigid isotropic medium. J Chem Phys 1978;68:4266-4275.
96. Richardson FS, Riehl JP. Circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Chem Rev 1977;77:773-792.
97. Thompson LC, Serra OA, Riehl JP, Richardson FS, Schwartz RW. Emission-spectra of Cs2natbcl6 and Cs2naycl6-Tb31. Chem Phys 1977;26:393-401.
98. Schwartz RW, Brittain HG, Riehl JP, Yeakel W, Richardson FS. Magnetic circularly polarized emission and magnetic circulardichroism study of F-7(J)reversible D-5(4) transitions in crystalline Cs2natbcl6. Mol Phys 1977;34:361-379.
99. Riehl JP, Richardson FS. Theory of magnetic circularly polarized emission. J Chem Phys 1977;66:1988-1998.
100. Riehl JP, Richardson FS. Determination of vibrational and orientational time-correlation functions from Raman-scattering of circularly polarized-light. Chem Phys Lett 1976;42:501-505.
101. Riehl JP, Richardson FS. General theory of circularly polarized emission and magnetic circularly polarized emission from molecular systems. J Chem Phys 1976;65:1011-1021.
102. Isborn C, Claborn K, Kahr B. The optical rotatory power of water. J Phys Chem A 2007;111:7800-7804.
103. Wiberg KB, Wang YG, Wilson SM, Vaccaro PH, Jorgensen WL, Crawford TD, Abrams ML, Cheeseman JR, Luderer M. Optical rotatory dispersion of 2, 3-hexadiene and 2, 3- pentadiene. J Phys Chem A 2008;112:2415-2422.
104. Wilson SM, Wiberg KB, Murphy MJ, Vaccaro PH. The effects of conformation and solvation on optical rotation: substituted epoxides. Chirality 2008;20:357-369.
105. Eelkema R, Feringa BL. Amplification of chirality in liquid crystals. Org Biomol Chem 2006;4:3729-3745.
106. Wiberg KB, Wang YG, Wilson SM, Vaccaro PH, Cheeseman JR. Chiroptical properties of 2-chloropropionitrile. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3448-3453.
107. Wiberg KB, Wang YG, Vaccaro PH, Cheeseman JR, Luderer MR. Conformational effects on optical rotation. 2-Substituted butanes. J Phys Chem A 2005;109:3405-3410.
108. Wiberg KB, Wang Y, de Oliveira AE, Perera SA, Vaccaro PH. Comparison of CIS- and EOM-CCSD-calculated adiabatic excited-state structures, Changes in charge density on going to adiabatic excited states. J Phys Chem A 2005;109:466-477.
109. Wiberg KB, Wang YG, Murphy MJ, Vaccaro PH. Temperature dependence of optical rotation: Alpha-pinene, beta-pinene pinane, camphene, camphor and fenchone. J Phys Chem A 2004;108:5559-5563.
110. Wiberg KB, Wang YG, Vaccaro PH, Cheeseman JR, Trucks G, Frisch MJ. Optical activity of 1-butene, butane, and related hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem A 2004;108:32-38.
111. Wiberg KB, Vaccaro PH, Cheeseman JR. Conformational effects on optical rotation. 3-Substituted 1-butenes. J Am Chem Soc 2003;125: 1888-1896.
112. Muller T, Wiberg KB, Vaccaro PH. An optical mounting system for cavity ring-down polarimetry. Rev Sci Instrum 2002;73:1340-1342.
113. Muller T, Wiberg KB, Vaccaro PH. Cavity ring-down polarimetry (CRDP): A new scheme for probing circular birefringence and circular dichroism in the gas phase. J Phys Chem A 2000;104:5959-5968.
114. Kongsted J, Ruud K. Solvent effects on zero-point vibrational corrections to optical rotations and nuclear magnetic resonance shielding constants. Chem Phys Lett 2008;451:226-232.
115. Kongsted J, Mennucci B. How to model solvent effects on molecular properties using quantum chemistry? Insights from polarizable discrete or continuum solvation models. J Phys Chem A 2007;111: 9890-9900.
116. Kongsted J, Pedersen TB, Jensen L, Hansen AE, Mikkelsen KV. Coupled cluster and density functional theory studies of the vibrational contribution to the optical rotation of (S)-propylene oxide. J Am Chem Soc 2006;128:976-982.
117. Kongsted J, Pedersen TB, Strange M, Osted A, Hansen AE, Mikkelsen KV, Pawlowski F, Jorgensen P, Hattig C. Coupled cluster calculations of the optical rotation of S-propylene oxide in gas phase and solution. Chem Phys Lett 2005;401:385-392.
118. Osted A, Kongsted J, Christiansen O. Theoretical study of the electronic gas-phase spectrum of glycine, alanine, and related amines and carboxylic acids. J Phys Chem A 2005;109:1430-1440.
119. Kongsted J, Hansen AE, Pedersen TB, Osted A, Mikkelsen KV, Christiansen O. A coupled cluster study of the oriented circular dichroism of the electronic transition in cyclopropanone and natural optical active related structures. Chem Phys Lett 2004;391: 259-266.
120. Kongsted J, Pedersen TB, Osted A, Hansen AE, Mikkelsen KV, Christiansen O. Solvent effects on rotatory strength tensors. 1. Theory and application of the combined coupled cluster/dielectric continuum model. J Phys Chem A 2004;108:3632-3641.
121. Kongsted J, Osted A, Mikkelsen KV, Astrand PO, Christiansen O. Solvent effects on the electronic transition in formaldehyde: A combined coupled cluster/molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2004;121:8435-8445.
122. Crawford TD, Stephens PJ. Comparison of time-dependent densityfunctional theory and coupled cluster theory for the calculation of the optical rotations of chiral molecules. J Phys Chem A 2008;112: 1339-1345.
123. Crawford TD, Tam MC, Abrams ML. The problematic case of (S)-methylthiirane: electronic circular dichroism spectra and optical rotatory dispersion. Mol Phys 2007;105:2607-2617.
124. Crawford TD, Tam MC, Abrams ML. The current state of ab initio calculations of optical rotation and electronic circular dichroism spectra. J Phys Chem A 2007;111:12057-12068.
125. Tam MC, Abrams ML, Crawford TD. Chiroptical properties of (R)-3- chloro-l-butene and (R)-2-chlorobutane. J Phys Chem A 2007;111: 11232-11241.
126. Kowalczyk TD, Abrams ML, Crawford TD. Ab initio optical rotatory dispersion and electronic circular dichroism spectra of (S)-2- chloropropionitrile. J Phys Chem A 2006;110:7649-7654.
127. Crawford TD. Ab initio calculation of molecular chiroptical properties. Theor Chem Acc 2006;115:227-245.
128. Carlier PR, Deora N, Crawford TD. Protonated 2-methyl-1, 2-epoxypropane: A challenging problem for density functional theory. J Org Chem 2006;71:1592-1597.
129. Le Guennic B, Hieringer W, Gorling A, Autschbach J. Density functional calculation of the electronic circular dichroism spectra of the transition metal complexes [M(phen)(3)](21) (M 5 Fe, Ru, Os). J Phys Chem A 2005;109:4836-4846.
130. Autschbach J, Jorge FE, Zlegler T. Density functional calculations on electronic circular dichroism spectra of chiral transition metal complexes. Inorg Chem 2003;42:2867-2877.
131. Autschbach J, Ziegler T, vanGisbergen SJA, Baerends EJ. Chiroptical properties from time-dependent density functional theory. I. Circular dichroism spectra of organic molecules. J Chem Phys 2002; 116:6930-6940.
132. Autschbach J, Patchkovskii S, Ziegler T, vanGisbergen SJA, Baerends EJ. Chiroptical properties from time-dependent density functional theory II Optical rotations of small to medium sized organic molecules. J Chem Phys 2002;117:581-592.
133. Autschbach J, Ziegler T. Density functional implementation of the computation of chiroptical molecular properties. Abstr Pap Am Chem Soc 2001;222:U405-U405.
134. Prince RB, Brunsveld L, Meijer EW, Moore JS. Twist sense bias induced by chiral side chains in helically folded oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed 2000;39:228.
135. Gin MS, Yokozawa T, Prince RB, Moore JS. Helical bias in solvophobically folded oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s. J Am Chem Soc 1999;121:2643-2644.
136. Wilson JN, Steffen W, McKenzie TG, Lieser G, Oda M, Neher D, Bunz UHF. Chiroptical properties of poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) copolymers in thin films: large g-values. J Am Chem Soc 2002;124: 6830-6831.
137. Muller G, Mamula I, Imbert D, Bunzli JCG, Murner HR, Riehl JP. Photophysical and chiroptical properties of lanthanide triple helical complexes with a terdentate chiral C-2 symmetric ligand. Abstr Pap Am Chem Soc 2003;226:U706-U706.
138. Satrijo A, Swager TM. Facile control of chiral packing in poly(p-phenylenevinylene) spin-cast films. Macromolecules 2005;38:4054- 4057.
139. Jones TV, Slutsky MM, Laos R, de Greef TFA, Tew GN. Solution H-1 NMR confirmation of folding in short o-phenylene ethynylene oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2005;127:17235-17240.
140. Stowe AC, Nellutla S, Dalal NS, Kortz U. Magnetic properties of lone-pair-containing, sandwich-type polyoxoanions: A detailed study of the heteroatomic effect. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004;19:3792-3797.
141. Arnt L, Tew GN. Conformational changes of facially amphiphilic meta-poly(phenylene ethynylene)s in aqueous solution. Macromolecules 2004;37:1283-1288.
142. Blatchly RA, Tew GN. Theoretical study of helix formation in substituted phenylene ethynylene oligomers. J Org Chem 2003;68:8780- 8785.
143. Moerner WE. A dozen years of single-molecule spectroscopy in physics, chemistry, and biophysics. J Phys Chem B 2002;106:910- 927.
144. Yang H, Xie XS. Probing single-molecule dynamics photon by photon. J Chem Phys 2002;117:10965-10979.
145. Yang H, Xie XS. Statistical approaches for probing single-molecule dynamics photon-by-photon. Chem Phys 2002;284:423-437.
146. Xie XS, Trautman JK. Optical studies of single molecules at room temperature. Annu Rev Phys Chem 1998;49:441-480.
147. Nie SM, Zare RN. Optical detection of single molecules. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 1997;26:567-596.
148. Brokmann X, Coolen L, Dahan M, Hermier JP. Measurement of the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of single CdSe nanocrystals through a controlled modification of their spontaneous emission. Phys Rev Lett 2004;93.
149. Moerner WE, Fromm DP. Methods of single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2003;74:3597-3619.
150. Hernando J, van der Schaaf M, van Dijk EMHP, Sauer M, Garcia-Parajo MF, vanHulst NF. Excitonic behavior of rhodamine dimers: A single-molecule study. J Phys Chem A 2003;107:43-52.
151. Hammer NI, Early KT, Sill K, Odoi MY, Emrick T, Barnes MD. Coverage-mediated suppression of blinking in solid state quantum dot conjugated organic composite nanostructures. J Phys Chem B 2006;110:14167-14171.
152. Odoi MY, Hammer NI, Sill K, Emrick T, Barnes MD. Observation of enhanced energy transfer in individual quantum dot-oligophenylene vinylene nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2006;128:3506-3507.
153. Yokota H, Ishii Y, Yanagida T. Blinking and its effect on single molecule FRET measurements. Biophys J 2001;80:150A-150A.
154. Cao JS. Single molecule waiting time distribution functions in quantum processes. J Chem Phys 2001;114:5137-5140.
155. Kuno M, Fromm DP, Hamann HF, Gallagher A, Nesbitt DJ. Nonexponential blinking kinetics of single CdSe quantum dots: A universal power law behavior. J Chem Phys 2000;112:3117-3120.
156. Barnes MD, Mehta A, Thundat T, Bhargava RN, Chhabra V, Kulkarni B. On-off blinking and multiple bright states of single europium ions in Eu31: Y2O3 nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 2000;104: 6099-6102.
157. Stracke F, Blum C, Becker S, Mullen K, Meixner AJ. Intrinsic conformer jumps observed by single molecule spectroscopy in real time. Chem Phys Lett 2000;325:196-202.
158. Neuhauser RG, Shimizu KT, Woo WK, Empedocles SA, Bawendi MG. Correlation between fluorescence intermittency and spectral diffusion in single semiconductor quantum dots. Phys Rev Lett 2000;85:3301-3304.
159. Krauss TD, Brus LE. Charge, polarizability, and photoionization of single semiconductor nanocrystals. Phys Rev Lett 1999;83:4840- 4843.
160. Bertram D, Hanna MC, Nozik AJ. Two color blinking of single strain-induced GaAs quantum dots. Appl Phys Lett 1999;74:2666- 2668.
161. Jung G, Wiehler J, Gohde W, Tittel J, Basche T, Steipe B, Brauchle C. Confocal microscopy of single molecules of the green fluorescent protein. Bioimaging 1998;6:54-61.
162. Gohde W, Fischer UC, Fuchs H, Tittel J, Basche T, Brauchle C, Herrmann A, Mullen K. Fluorescence blinking and photobleaching of single terrylenediimide molecules studied with a confocal microscope. J Phys Chem A 1998;102:9109-9116.
163. Dickson RM, Cubitt AB, Tsien RY, Moerner WE. On/off blinking and switching behaviour of single molecules of green fluorescent protein. Nature 1997;388:355-358.
164. He Y, Barkai E. Influence of spectral diffusion on single-molecule photon statistics. Phys Rev Lett 2004;93.
165. Andersen PC, Jacobson ML, Rowlen KL. Flashy silver nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2004;108:2148-2153.
166. Kumar P, Mehta A, Dadmun MD, Zheng J, Peyser L, Bartko AP, Dickson RM, Thundat T, Sumpter BG, Noid DW, Barnes MD. Narrow-bandwidth spontaneous luminescence from oriented semiconducting polymer nanostructures. J Phys Chem B 2003;107:6252- 6257.
167. Svishchev GM. Photon correlation probing of spectral diffusion in impurity glasses. Opt Spectrosc 2003;95:933-937.
168. Hofmann C, Aartsma TJ, Michel H, Kohler J. Direct observation of tiers in the energy landscape of a chromoprotein: A single-molecule study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:15534-15538.
169. Suh YD, Schenter GK, Zhu LY, Lu HP. Probing nanoscale surface enhanced Raman-scattering fluctuation dynamics using correlated AFM and confocal ultramicroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2003;97:89- 102.
170. Mulvaney SP, Musick MD, Keating CD, Natan MJ. Glass-coated, analyte-tagged nanoparticles: A new tagging system based on detection with surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Langmuir 2003;19: 4784-4790.
171. Osad'ko IS, Khots EV. Fluctuating absorption coefficient of single molecule. J Lumin 2003;102:581-585.
172. Orrit M. Photon statistics in single molecule experiments. Single Mol 2002;3:255-265.
173. Orrit M. Single-molecule spectroscopy: The road ahead. J Chem Phys 2002;117:10938-10946.
174. Osad'ko IS, Khots EV. Scan time dependence of single molecule optical lines in polymers and glasses. Single Mol 2002;3:236-246.
175. Higgins DA, Collinson MM, Saroja G, Bardo AM. Single-molecule spectroscopic studies of nanoscale heterogeneity in organically modified silicate thin films. Chem Mater 2002;14:3734-3744.
176. Kuno M, Fromm DP, Hamann HF, Gallagher A, Nesbitt DJ. On/off fluorescence intermittency of single semiconductor quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2001;115:1028-1040.
177. Tietz C, Jelezko F, Gerken U, Schuler S, Schubert A, Rogl H, Wrachtrup J. Single molecule spectroscopy on the light-harvesting complex II of higher plants. Biophys J 2001;81:556-562.
178. English DS, Harbron EJ, Barbara PF. Role of rare sites in single molecule spectroscopy measurements of spectral diffusion. J Chem Phys 2001;114:10479-10485.
179. Naumov AV, Vainer YG, Bauer M, Zilker S, Kador L. Distributions of moments of single-molecule spectral lines and the dynamics of amorphous solids. Phys Rev B 2001;6321.
180. Leontidis E, Heinz H, Palewska K, Wallenborn EU, Suter UW. Normal and defective perylene substitution sites in alkane crystals. J Chem Phys 2001;114:3224-3235.
181. Donley EA, Plakhotnik T. Spectral diffusion in polyethylene: singlemolecule studies performed between 30 mK and 1.8 K. J Chem Phys 2000;113:9294-9299.
182. Barkai E, Silbey R, Zumofen G. Transition from simple to complex behavior of single molecule line shapes in disordered condensed phase. J Chem Phys 2000;113:5853-5867.
183. Lazonder K, Duppen K, Wiersma DA. Ethanol glass dynamics: logarithmic line broadening and optically induced dephasing. J Phys Chem B 2000;104:6468-6477.
184. Zumofen G, Bach H, Renn A, Wild UP. Triplet-exciton dynamics in solid naphthalene investigated by single molecule spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2000;86:183-192.
185. Barkai E, Silbey R, Zumofen G. Levy distribution of single molecule line shape cumulants in glasses. Phys Rev Lett 2000;84:5339-5342.
186. Osad'ko IS, Yershova LB. Exponential and logarithmic spectral diffusion in single molecule fluorescence. J Chem Phys 2000;112: 9645-9654.
187. Donley EA, Bonsma S, Palm V, Burzomato V, Wild UP, Plakhotnik T. Zero-phonon lines of single molecules in polyethylene down to millikelvin temperatures. J Lumin 2000;87-89:109-114.
188. Osad'ko IS, Yershova LB. One- and two-photon counting methods in single molecule fluorescence. J Lumin 2000;87-89:184-188.
189. Plakhotnik T, Donley EA. Statistics of a single terrylene molecule in hexadecane. J Lumin 2000;86:175-180.
190. Meixner AJ, Weber MA. Single molecule spectral dynamics at room temperature. J Lumin 2000;86:181-187.
191. Palm V, Rebane K. On the role of spectral diffusion in singlemolecule spectroscopy. J Lumin 2000;86:207-209.
192. Osad'ko IS, Yershova LB. Dynamical theory for two-photon correlators: spectral line jumps and spectral diffusion. J Lumin 2000;86: 211-217.
193. Rothenberg E, Ebenstein Y, Kazes M, Banin U. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy of single semiconductor quantum rods: direct observation of highly polarized nonlinear absorption dipole. J Phys Chem B 2004;108:2797-2800.
194. Yanagida T, Ueda M, Murata T, Esaki S, Ishii Y. Brownian motion, fluctuation and life. Biosystems 2007;88:228-242.
195. Kim TG, Castro JC, Loudet A, Jiao JGS, Hochstrasser RM, Burgess K, Topp MR. Correlations of structure and rates of energy transfer for through-bond energy-transfer cassettes. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:20-27.
196. Mehta A, Kumar P, Dadmun MD, Zheng J, Dickson RM, Thundat T, Sumpter BG, Barnes MD. Oriented nanostructures from single molecules of a semiconducting polymer: polarization evidence for highly aligned intramolecular geometries. Nano Lett 2003;3:603- 607.
197. Farrer RA, Previte MJR, Olson CE, Peyser LA, Fourkas JT, So PTC. Single- molecule detection with a two-photon fluorescence microscope with fast-scanning capabilities and polarization sensitivity. Opt Lett 1999;24:1832-1834.
198. Lermer N, Barnes MD, Kung CY, Whitten WB, Ramsey JM, Hill SC. Spatial photoselection of single molecules on the surface of spherical microcavities. Opt Lett 1998;23:951-953.
199. Schutz GJ, Schindler H, Schmidt T. Imaging single-molecule dichroism. Opt Lett 1997;22:651-653.
200. Wild UP, Croci M, Guttler F, Pirotta M, Renn A. Single-molecule spectroscopy-stark-polarization, pressure-polarization, polarizationeffects and fluorescence lifetime measurements. J Lumin 1994;60- 61:1003-1007.
201. Xie XS, Dunn RC. Probing single-molecule dynamics. Science 1994; 265:361-364.
202. Kempa T, Farrer RA, Giersig M, Fourkas JT. Photochemical synthesis and multiphoton luminescence of monodisperse silver nanocrystals. Plasmonics 2006;1:45-51.
203. Steinmeyer R, Noskov A, Krasel C, Weber I, Dees C, Harms GS. Improved fluorescent proteins for single-molecule research in molecular tracking and co-localization. J Fluoresc 2005;15:707-721.
204. Mattheyses AL, Axelrod D. Fluorescence emission patterns near glass and metal-coated surfaces investigated with back focal plane imaging. J Biomed Opt 2005;10.
205. Brokmann X, Coolen L, Hermier JP, Dahan M. Emission properties of single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots close to a dielectric interface. Chem Phys 2005;318:91-98.
206. Osborne MA. Real-time dipole orientational imaging as a probe of ligand-protein interactions. J Phys Chem B 2005;109:18153-18161.
207. Zhou Q. Probing three-dimensional single-molecule rotational diffusion in polymer. J Korean Phys Soc 2005;47:S190-S193.
208. Schroeyers W, Vallee R, Patra D, Hofkens J, Habuchi S, Vosch T, Cotlet M, Mullen K, Enderlein J, De Schryver FC. Fluorescence lifetimes and emission patterns probe the 3D orientation of the emitting chromophore in a multichromophoric system. J Am Chem Soc 2004;126:14310-14311.
209. Patra D, Gregor I, Enderlein J. Image analysis of defocused singlemolecule images for three-dimensional molecule orientation studies. J Phys Chem A 2004;108:6836-6841.
210. Lieb MA, Zavislan JM, Novotny L. Single-molecule orientations determined by direct emission pattern imaging. J Opt Soc Am B 2004;21:1210-1215.
211. Alivisatos P. The use of nanocrystals in biological detection. Nat Biotechnol 2004;22:47-52.
212. Webster G, Hilgenfeld R. Perspectives on single molecule diffraction using the x-ray free electron laser. Single Mol 2002;3:63-68.
213. Bartko AP, Dickson RM. Imaging three-dimensional single molecule orientations. J Phys Chem B 1999;103:11237-11241.
214. Bartko AP, Dickson RM. Three-dimensional orientations of polymer- bound single molecules. J Phys Chem B 1999;103:3053-3056.
215. Moerner WE, Kador L. Optical-detection and spectroscopy of single molecules in a solid. Phys Rev Lett 1989;62:2535-2538.
216. Ambrose WP, Basche T, Moerner WE. Detection and spectroscopy of single pentacene molecules in a para-terphenyl crystal by means of fluorescence excitation. J Chem Phys 1991;95:7150-7163.
217. Lakowicz JR. Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy, 3rd ed. Singapore: Springer; 2006.
218. Odoi MY, Hammer NI, Early KT, McCarthy KD, Tangirala R, Emrick T, Barnes MD. Fluorescence lifetimes and correlated photon statistics from single CdSe/oligo(phenylene vinylene) composite nanostructures. Nano Lett 2007;7:2769-2773.
219. Odoi MY, Hammer NI, Rathnayake HP, Lahti PM, Barnes MD. Single- molecule studies of a model fluorenone. Chemphyschem 2007;8: 1481-1486.
220. Field JE, Hill TJ, Venkataraman D. Bridged triarylamines: A new class of heterohelicenes. J Org Chem 2003;68:6071-6078.
221. Field JE, Muller G, Riehl JP, Venkataraman D. Circularly polarized luminescence from bridged triarylamine helicenes. J Am Chem Soc 2003;125:11808-11809.
222. Bartko AP, Xu KW, Dickson RM. Three-dimensional single molecule rotational diffusion in glassy state polymer films. Phys Rev Lett 2002;89.
223. Schuster R, Barth M, Gruber A, Cichos F. Defocused wide field fluorescence imaging of single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Chem Phys Lett 2005;413:280-283.
224. Hellen EH, Axelrod D. Fluorescence emission at dielectric and metal-film interfaces. J Opt Soc Am B 1987;4:337-350.
225. Richards B, Wolf E. Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems. II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system. Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Sci 1959;253:358-379.
226. Klimov VV, Ducloy M. Quadrupole transitions near an interface: general theory and application to an atom inside a planar cavity. Phys Rev A 2005;72.
227. Tang Y, Cook TA, Cohen AE. Limits on fluorescence detected circular dichroism of single helicene molecules. J Phys Chem A 2009.