Biomimetic membranes for sensor and separation applications

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Volumn 395, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 697-718

  Nielsen, Claus Hélix ^a,b  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b AQUAPORIN A S   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Biomaterials; Biopolymers lipids; Biosensors; Microfluidics microfabrication; Separations instrumentation; Water

Indexed keywords

BIOMIMETIC DEVICES; BIOMIMETIC MATRICES; BIOMIMETIC MEMBRANE; BIOPOLYMERS/LIPIDS; BUILDING BLOCKES; CARRIER PROTEINS; HIGH RATE; INTERNAL PH; LIVING CELL; LIVING ORGANISMS; MEMBRANE PORES; MEMBRANE-BASED SENSORS; MICROFLUIDICS/MICROFABRICATION; MOLECULAR SPECIES; SALT CONCENTRATION; SEPARATION DEVICES; SEPARATIONS/INSTRUMENTATION; SUPPORT MATRIX; TRANSPORT CONTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT PROTEINS; WATER CHANNELS;

BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES; BIOMIMETICS; BIOSENSORS; CYTOLOGY; ELECTROLYTES; ION EXCHANGE; LIPID BILAYERS; MEMBRANES; PROTEINS; SEPARATION;

CELL MEMBRANES;

MEMBRANE PROTEIN;

ANIMAL; ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE; BIOMIMETICS; CHEMISTRY; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; TRANSPORT AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; BIOMIMETICS; HUMANS; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MEMBRANES, ARTIFICIAL;

EID: 70350119825     PISSN: 16182642     EISSN: 16182650     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2960-0     Document Type: Review

References (298)

1. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002) Molecular biology of the cell, 4th edn. Garland Science, New York
2. Yeagle PL (ed) (2005) The structure of biological membranes. CRC Press, Boca Raton
3. Gennis RB (1989) Biomembranes. Molecular structure and function. Springer, New York
4. OS Andersen 1978 Permeability properties of unmodified lipid bilayer membranes Membr Transp Biol 1 369 446
5. Hille B (1992) Ionic channels of excitable membranes, 2nd edn. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland
6. MO Jensen OG Mouritsen 2006 Single-channel water permeabilities of Escherichia coli aquaporins AqpZ and GlpF Biophys J 90 2270 2284
7. D Stock C Gibbons I Arechaga AG Leslie JE Walker 2000 The rotary mechanism of ATP synthase Curr Opin Struct Biol 10 672 679
8. W Dowhan 1997 Molecular basis for membrane phospholipid diversity: why are there so many lipids? Annu Rev Biochem 66 199 232
9. AM Dopico GJ Tigyi 2007 A glance at the structural and functional diversity of membrane lipids Methods Mol Biol 400 1 13
10. T Pomorski AK Menon 2006 Lipid flippases and their biological functions Cell Mol Life Sci 63 2908 2921
11. Sackmann E (1984) Physical basis of trigger processes and membrane structures. In: Chapman D (ed) Biological membranes. Academic Press Inc., Ltd., London, pp 105-143
12. D Vind-Kezunovic CH Nielsen U Wojewodzka R Gniadecki 2008 Line tension at lipid phase boundaries regulates formation of membrane vesicles in living cells Biochim Biophys Acta 1778 2480 2486
13. JA Lundbæk 2006 Regulation of membrane protein function by lipid bilayer elasticity - a single molecule technology to measure the bilayer properties experienced by an embedded protein J Phys Condens Matter 18 S1305 S1344
14. Nielsen CH (2009) Lipid-protein interactions in biomembranes. In: Bohr HG (ed) Handbook of biophysics. Wiley, Berlin, pp 329-358
15. V Niggli 2005 Regulation of protein activities by phosphoinositide phosphates Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 21 57 79
16. OS Andersen RE Koeppe 2nd 2007 Bilayer thickness and membrane protein function: an energetic perspective Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 36 107 130
17. C Nielsen M Goulian OS Andersen 1998 Energetics of inclusion-induced bilayer deformations Biophys J 74 1966 1983
18. P Mueller DO Rudin HT Tien WC Wescott 1962 Reconstitution of cell membrane structure in vitro and its transformation into an excitable system Nature 194 979 980
19. M Montal P Mueller 1972 Formation of biomolecular membranes from lipid monolayers and a study of their electrical properties Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 69 3561 3566
20. SH White 1978 Formation of "solvent-free" black lipid bilayer membranes from glyceryl monooleate dispersed in squalene Biophys J 23 337 347
21. A Cruz J Perez-Gil 2007 Langmuir films to determine lateral surface pressure on lipid segregation Methods Mol Biol 400 439 457
22. WC Lin CD Blanchette TV Ratto ML Longo 2007 Lipid domains in supported lipid bilayer for atomic force microscopy Methods Mol Biol 400 503 513
23. TH Watts AA Brian JW Kappler P Marrack HM McConnell 1984 Antigen presentation by supported planar membranes containing affinity-purified I-Ad Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81 7564 7568
24. HM McConnell TH Watts RM Weis AA Brian 1986 Supported planar membranes in studies of cell-cell recognition in the immune system Biochim Biophys Acta 864 95 106
25. WC Lin CD Blanchette TV Ratto ML Longo 2006 Lipid asymmetry in DLPC/DSPC-supported lipid bilayers: a combined AFM and fluorescence microscopy study Biophys J 90 228 237
26. C Elie-Caille O Fliniaux J Pantigny JC Maziere C Bourdillon 2005 Self-assembly of solid-supported membranes using a triggered fusion of phospholipid-enriched proteoliposomes prepared from the inner mitochondrial membrane Langmuir 21 4661 4668
27. Ti Tien H (1974) Bilayer lipid membranes (BML) theory and practice. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York
28. Tien HT, Ottova-Leitmannova A (eds) (2003) Planar lipid bilayers (BLMs) and their applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam
29. A Ottova HT Tien 2002 The 40th anniversary of bilayer lipid membrane research Bioelectrochemistry 56 171 173
30. M Mayer JK Kriebel MT Tosteson GM Whitesides 2003 Microfabricated Teflon membranes for low-noise recordings of ion channels in planar lipid bilayers Biophys J 85 2684 2695
31. H Suzuki KV Tabata H Noji S Takeuchi 2006 Highly reproducible method of planar lipid bilayer reconstitution in polymethyl methacrylate microfluidic chip Langmuir 22 1937 1942
32. N Malmstadt MA Nash RF Purnell JJ Schmidt 2006 Automated formation of lipid-bilayer membranes in a microfluidic device Nano Lett 6 1961 1965
33. M Zagnoni ME Sandison H Morgan 2009 Microfluidic array platform for simultaneous lipid bilayer membrane formation Biosens Bioelectron 24 1235 1240
34. ME Sandison M Zagnoni M Abu-Hantash H Morgan 2007 Micromachined glass apertures for artificial lipid bilayer formation in a microfluidic system J Micromech Microeng 17 S189 S196
35. JS Hansen ME Perry J Vogel T Vissing O Geschke J Emneus CH Nielsen 2009 Development of an automation technique for the establishment of functional lipid bilayer arrays J Micromech Microeng 19 025014
36. J Vogel ME Perry JS Hansen P-Y Bollinger CH Nielsen O Geschke 2009 Support structure for biomimetic applications J Micromech Microeng 19 025026
37. JL van de Vossenberg AJ Driessen WN Konings 1998 The essence of being extremophilic: the role of the unique archaeal membrane lipids Extremophiles 2 163 170
38. C Schleper G Puehler I Holz A Gambacorta D Janekovic U Santarius HP Klenk W Zillig 1995 Picrophilus gen. nov., fam. nov.: a novel aerobic, heterotrophic, thermoacidophilic genus and family comprising archaea capable of growth around pH 0 J Bacteriol 177 7050 7059
39. J van de Vossenberg AJ Driessen W Zillig WN Konings 1998 Bioenergetics and cytoplasmic membrane stability of the extremely acidophilic, thermophilic archaeon Picrophilus oshimae Extremophiles 2 67 74
40. M De Rosa A Gambacorta 1988 The lipids of archaebacteria Prog Lipid Res 27 153 175
41. O Dannenmuller K Arakawa T Eguchi K Kakinuma S Blanc AM Albrecht M Schmutz Y Nakatani G Ourisson 2000 Membrane properties of archaeal macrocyclic diether phospholipids Chemistry 6 645 654
42. EL Chang 1994 Unusual thermal stability of liposomes made from bipolar tetraether lipids Biochem Biophys Res Commun 202 673 679
43. DP Holland AV Struts MF Brown DH Thompson 2008 Bolalipid membrane structure revealed by solid-state 2H NMR spectroscopy J Am Chem Soc 130 4584 4585
44. C Wiess-Wichert M Smetazko M Valina-Saba T Schalkhammer 1997 A new analytical device based on gated ion channels: a peptide-channel biosensor J Biol Screening 2 11 18
45. BA Cornell VL Braach-Maksvytis LG King PD Osman B Raguse L Wieczorek RJ Pace 1997 A biosensor that uses ion-channel switches Nature 387 580 583
46. W Febo-Ayala SL Morera-Felix CA Hrycyna DH Thompson 2006 Functional reconstitution of the integral membrane enzyme, isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase, in synthetic bolalipid membrane vesicles Biochemistry 45 14683 14694
47. S Svenson DH Thompson 1998 Facile and efficient synthesis of bolaamphiphilic tetraether phosphocholines J Org Chem 63 7180 7182
48. W Meier C Nardin M Winterhalter 2000 Reconstitution of channel proteins in (polymerized) ABA triblock copolymer membranes Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 39 4599 4602
49. D Ho B Chu H Lee C Montemagno 2004 Protein-driven transduction across polymeric biomembranes Nanotechnology 15 1084 1094
50. M Kumar M Grzelakowski J Zilles M Clark W Meier 2007 Highly permeable polymeric membranes based on the incorporation of the functional water channel protein Aquaporin Z Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 20719 20724
51. E Reimhult K Kumar 2008 Membrane biosensor platforms using nano- and microporous supports Trends Biotechnol 26 82 89
52. Separovic F, Cornell BA (2007) Gated ion channel-based biosensor device. In: Chung SH, Andersen OS, Krishnamurthy V (eds) Biological membrane ion channels. Springer, New York, pp 595-622
53. M Eray NS Dogan SR Reiken H Sutisna BJ Van Wie AR Koch DF Moffett M Silber WC Davis 1995 A highly stable and selective biosensor using modified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) Biosystems 35 183 188
54. L Zhang S Granick 2006 Dynamical heterogeneity in supported lipid bilayers MRS Bull 31 527 531
55. M Tanaka 2006 Polymer-supported membranes: physical models of cell surfaces MRS Bull 31 513 520
56. AN Parikh JT Groves 2006 Materials science of supported lipid membranes MRS Bull 31 507 512
57. E Sackmann M Tanaka 2000 Supported membranes on soft polymer cushions: fabrication, characterization and applications Trends Biotechnol 18 58 64
58. E Sackmann 1996 Supported membranes: scientific and practical applications Science 271 43 48
59. C Rossi J Chopineau 2007 Biomimetic tethered lipid membranes designed for membrane-protein interaction studies Eur Biophys J 36 955 965
60. I Koper 2007 Insulating tethered bilayer lipid membranes to study membrane proteins Mol Biosyst 3 651 657
61. J Gagner H Johnson E Watkins Q Li M Terrones J Majewski 2006 Carbon nanotube supported single phospholipid bilayer Langmuir 22 10909 10911
62. ET Castellana PS Cremer 2006 Solid supported lipid bilayers: from biophysical studies to sensor design Surf Sci Rep 61 429 444
63. Murray DH, Tamm LK, Kiessling V (2009) Supported double membranes. J Struct Biol (in press)
64. S Löfås BJ Johnsson 1990 A novel hydrogel matrix on gold surfaces in surface plasmon resonance sensors for fast and efficient covalent immobilization of ligands Chem Soc Chem Commun 21 1526 1528
65. Y Dong K Scott Phillips Q Chen 2006 Immunosensing of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) in milk with PDMS microfluidic systems using reinforced supported bilayer membranes Lab Chip 6 675 681
66. M Steltze 1993 On the application of supported bilayers as receptive layers for biosensors with electrical detection J Phys Chem 97 2974 2981
67. L Becucci RR Leon MR Moncelli P Rovero R Guidelli 2006 Electrochemical investigation of melittin reconstituted into a mercury-supported lipid bilayer Langmuir 22 6644 6650 (Pubitemid 44146900)
68. L Becucci MR Moncelli R Naumann R Guidelli 2005 Potassium ion transport by valinomycin across a Hg-supported lipid bilayer J Am Chem Soc 127 13316 13323
69. L Becucci MR Moncelli R Guidelli 2006 Impedance spectroscopy of OmpF porin reconstituted into a mercury-supported lipid bilayer Langmuir 22 1341 1346 (Pubitemid 43285415)
70. D Ho B Chu H Lee C Montemagno 2004 Protein-driven energy transduction across polymeric biomembranes Nanotechnology 15 1084 1094
71. MA Holden D Needham H Bayley 2007 Functional bionetworks from nanoliter water droplets J Am Chem Soc 129 8650 8655
72. K Funakoshi H Suzuki S Takeuchi 2006 Lipid bilayer formation by contacting monolayers in a microfluidic device for membrane protein analysis Anal Chem 78 8169 8174
73. M Zagnoni ME Sandison P Marius H Morgan 2009 Bilayer lipid membranes from falling droplets Anal Bioanal Chem 393 1601 1605
74. Andersen OS, Green WN, Urban BW (1986) Ion conduction through sodium channels in planar lipid bilayers. Ion Channel Reconstitution 385-404
75. R Benz K Janko 1976 Voltage-dependent capacitance relaxation of lipid bilayer membranes. Effects of membrane composition Biochim Biophys Acta 455 721 738
76. TJ Jeon N Malmstadt JJ Schmidt 2006 Hydrogel-encapsulated lipid membranes J Am Chem Soc 128 42 43
77. Jeon TJ, Poulos JL, Schmidt J (2008) Storable and transportable lipid bilayer membrane precursor. Biophys J Abstracts 337a
78. JW Shim LQ Gu 2007 Stochastic sensing on a modular chip containing a single-ion channel Anal Chem 79 2207 2213
79. B Schuster UB Sleytr A Diederich G Bahr M Winterhalter 1999 Probing the stability of S-layer-supported planar lipid membranes Eur Biophys J 28 583 590 (Pubitemid 29496255)
80. B Schuster UB Sleytr 2002 The effect of hydrostatic pressure on S-layer-supported lipid membranes Biochim Biophys Acta 1563 29 34
81. UB Sleytr EM Egelseer N Ilk D Pum B Schuster 2007 S-Layers as a basic building block in a molecular construction kit FEBS J 274 323 334
82. XF Kang S Cheley AC Rice-Ficht H Bayley 2007 A storable encapsulated bilayer chip containing a single protein nanopore J Am Chem Soc 129 4701 4705
83. Kaufman Y, Berman A, Freger V (2008) The use of NF membranes as substrates for supported phospholipid bilayers. ICOM 2008 Poster Session Proceedings, International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 12-18, p 560
84. S Ndoni ME Vigild RH Berg 2003 Nanoporous materials with spherical and gyroid cavities created by quantitative etching of polydimethylsiloxane in polystyrene-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymers J Am Chem Soc 125 13366 13367
85. MS Hansen ME Vigild RH Berg S Ndoni 2004 Nanoporous crosslinked polyisoprene from polyisoprene - Polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer Polymer Bulletin 51 403 409
86. TP Lodge 2003 Block copolymers: past successes and future challenges Macromol Chem Phys 204 265 273
87. C Park J Yoon EL Thomas 2003 Enabling nanotechnology with self assembled block copolymer patterns Polymer 44 6725 6760
88. J Lian S Ding J Cai D Zhang Z Xu X Wang 2009 Improving aquaporin Z expression in Escherichia coli by fusion partners and subsequent condition optimization Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 82 463 470
89. H Kiefer J Krieger JD Olszewski G Von Heijne GD Prestwich H Breer 1996 Expression of an olfactory receptor in Escherichia coli: purification, reconstitution, and ligand binding Biochemistry 35 16077 16084
90. CG Tate 2001 Overexpression of mammalian integral membrane proteins for structural studies FEBS Lett 504 94 98
91. GQ Chen JE Gouaux 1996 Overexpression of bacterio-opsin in Escherichia coli as a water-soluble fusion to maltose binding protein: efficient regeneration of the fusion protein and selective cleavage with trypsin Protein Sci 5 456 467
92. ER LaVallie EA DiBlasio S Kovacic KL Grant PF Schendel JM McCoy 1993 A thioredoxin gene fusion expression system that circumvents inclusion body formation in the E. coli cytoplasm Biotechnology (NY) 11 187 193
93. PA Nygren S Stahl M Uhlen 1994 Engineering proteins to facilitate bioprocessing Trends Biotechnol 12 184 188
94. KD Pryor B Leiting 1997 High-level expression of soluble protein in Escherichia coli using a His6-tag and maltose-binding-protein double-affinity fusion system Protein Exp Purif 10 309 319
95. E Samuelsson T Moks B Nilsson M Uhlen 1994 Enhanced in vitro refolding of insulin-like growth factor I using a solubilizing fusion partner Biochemistry 33 4207 4211
96. RF Power OM Conneely DP McDonnell JH Clark TR Butt WT Schrader BW O'Malley 1990 High level expression of a truncated chicken progesterone receptor in Escherichia coli J Biol Chem 265 1419 1424
97. GA Woolley BA Wallace 1992 Model ion channels: gramicidin and alamethicin J Membrane Biol 129 109 136
98. L Becucci MV Carbone T Biagiotti M D'Amico M Olivotto R Guidelli 2008 Incorporation of the HERG potassium channel in a mercury supported lipid bilayer J Phys Chem B 112 1315 1319
99. E Racker 1972 Reconstitution of cytochrome oxidase vesicles and conferral of sensitivity to energy transfer inhibitors J Membr Biol 10 221 235
100. E Racker 1973 A new procedure for the reconstitution of biologically active phospholipid vesicles Biochem Biophys Res Commun 55 224 230
101. P Hengen 1995 Purification of His-Tag fusion proteins from Escherichia coli Trends Biochem Sci 20 285 286
102. A Deniaud C Rossi A Berquand J Homand S Campagna W Knoll C Brenner J Chopineau 2007 Voltage-dependent anion channel transports calcium ions through biomimetic membranes Langmuir 23 3898 3905
103. N Sheibani 1999 Prokaryotic gene fusion expression systems and their use in structural and functional studies of proteins Prep Biochem Biotechnol 29 77 90
104. K Terpe 2003 Overview of tag protein fusions: from molecular and biochemical fundamentals to commercial systems Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 60 523 533
105. C Nardin S Thoeni J Widmer M Winterhalter W Meier 2000 Chem Commun (Camb) 15 1433
106. HJ Choi CD Montemagno 2005 Artificial organelle: ATP synthesis from cellular mimetic polymersomes Nano Lett 5 2538 2542
107. HJ Choi CD Montemagno 2005 Nanotechnology 16 1589
108. DJ Woodbury C Miller 1990 Nystatin-induced liposome fusion. A versatile approach to ion channel reconstitution into planar bilayers Biophys J 58 833 839
109. A Cass A Finkelstein V Krespi 1970 The ion permeability induced in thin lipid membranes by the polyene antibiotics nystatin and amphotericin B J Gen Physiol 56 100 124
110. M Moreno-Bello M Bonilla-Marin C Gonzalez-Beltran 1988 Distribution of pore sizes in black lipid membranes treated with nystatin Biochim Biophys Acta 944 97 100
111. DJ Woodbury 1999 Nystatin/ergosterol method for reconstituting ion channels into planar lipid bilayers Methods Enzymol 294 319 339
112. E Kalb S Frey LK Tamm 1992 Formation of supported planar bilayers by fusion of vesicles to supported phospholipid monolayers Biochim Biophys Acta 1103 307 316
113. JM Crane LK Tamm 2007 Fluorescence microscopy to study domains in supported lipid bilayers Methods Mol Biol 400 481 488
114. VS Malinin P Frederik BR Lentz 2002 Osmotic and curvature stress affect PEG-induced fusion of lipid vesicles but not mixing of their lipids Biophys J 82 2090 2100
115. BR Lentz 1994 Polymer-induced membrane fusion: potential mechanism and relation to cell fusion events Chem Phys Lipids 73 91 106
116. D Simberg S Weisman Y Talmon Y Barenholz 2004 DOTAP (and other cationic lipids): chemistry, biophysics, and transfection Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 21 257 317
117. T Weber BV Zemelman JA McNew B Westermann M Gmachl F Parlati TH Sollner JE Rothman 1998 SNAREpins: minimal machinery for membrane fusion Cell 92 759 772
118. T Wang EA Smith ER Chapman JC Weisshaar 2009 Lipid mixing and content release in single-vesicle, SNARE-driven fusion assay with 1-5 ms resolution Biophys J 96 4122 4131
119. P Van Gelder F Dumas JP Rosenbusch M Winterhalter 2000 Oriented channels reveal asymmetric energy barriers for sugar translocation through maltoporin of Escherichia coli Eur J Biochem 267 79 84
120. B Dargent W Hofmann F Pattus JP Rosenbusch 1986 The selectivity filter of voltage-dependent channels formed by phosphoporin (PhoE protein) from E. coli EMBO J 5 773 778
121. P Van Gelder N Saint R van Boxtel JP Rosenbusch J Tommassen 1997 Pore functioning of outer membrane protein PhoE of Escherichia coli: mutagenesis of the constriction loop L3 Protein Eng 10 699 706 (Pubitemid 27332078)
122. M Bonhivers A Ghazi P Boulanger L Letellier 1996 FhuA, a transporter of the Escherichia coli outer membrane, is converted into a channel upon binding of bacteriophage T5 EMBO J 15 1850 1856 (Pubitemid 26119222)
123. H Miedema M Vrouenraets J Wierenga D Gillespie B Eisenberg W Meijberg W Nonner 2006 Ca2+ selectivity of a chemically modified OmpF with reduced pore volume Biophys J 91 4392 4400
124. H Miedema M Vrouenraets J Wierenga B Eisenberg T Schirmer A Basle W Meijberg 2006 Conductance and selectivity fluctuations in D127 mutants of the bacterial porin OmpF Eur Biophys J 36 13 22
125. M Vrouenraets J Wierenga W Meijberg H Miedema 2006 Chemical modification of the bacterial porin OmpF: gain of selectivity by volume reduction Biophys J 90 1202 1211
126. BK Fung WL Hubbell 1978 Organization of rhodopsin in photoreceptor membranes. 1. Proteolysis of bovine rhodopsin in native membranes and the distribution of sulfhydryl groups in the fragments Biochemistry 17 4396 4402
127. WJ Degrip J Vanoostrum PH Bovee-Geurts 1998 Selective detergent-extraction from mixed detergent/lipid/protein micelles, using cyclodextrin inclusion compounds: a novel generic approach for the preparation of proteoliposomes Biochem J 330 Pt 2 667 674
128. F Cornelius 1991 Functional reconstitution of the sodium pump. Kinetics of exchange reactions performed by reconstituted Na/K-ATPase Biochim Biophys Acta 1071 19 66
129. L Niu JM Kim HG Khorana 2002 Structure and function in rhodopsin: asymmetric reconstitution of rhodopsin in liposomes Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 13409 13412
130. JL Rigaud MT Paternostre A Bluzat 1988 Mechanisms of membrane protein insertion into liposomes during reconstitution procedures involving the use of detergents. 2. Incorporation of the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin Biochemistry 27 2677 2688
131. M Happe RM Teathera P Overath A Knobling D Oesterhelt 1977 Direction of proton translocation in proteoliposomes formed from purple membrane and acidic lipids depends on the pH during reconstitution Biochim Biophys Acta 465 415 420
132. Z Wang J Bai Y Xu 2008 The effect of charged lipids on bacteriorhodopsin membrane reconstitution and its photochemical activities Biochem Biophys Res Commun 371 814 817
133. HJ Choi J Germain CD Montemagno 2006 Effects of different reconstitution procedures on membrane protein activities in proteopolymerosomes Nanotechnology 17 1825 1830
134. OP Karlsson S Lofas 2002 Flow-mediated on-surface reconstitution of G-protein coupled receptors for applications in surface plasmon resonance biosensors Anal Biochem 300 132 138
135. P Stenlund GJ Babcock J Sodroski DG Myszka 2003 Capture and reconstitution of G protein-coupled receptors on a biosensor surface Anal Biochem 316 243 250
136. JU Bowie 2001 Stabilizing membrane proteins Curr Opin Struct Biol 11 397 402
137. Finkelstein A (ed) (1987) Water movement through lipid bilayers, pores, and plasma membranes. Theory and reality. Wiley-Interscience, New York
138. A Finkelstein A Cass 1967 Effect of cholesterol on the water permeability of thin lipid membranes Nature 216 717 718
139. E Overton 1895 Über die osmotischen Eigenschaften der lebenden Pflanzen und Tierzelle Visch Naturf Ges Zurich 40 159 201
140. JF Nagle S Tristram-Nagle 2000 Structure of lipid bilayers Biochim Biophys Acta 1469 159 195
141. JF Nagle JC Mathai ML Zeidel S Tristram-Nagle 2008 Theory of passive permeability through lipid bilayers J Gen Physiol 131 77 85
142. JC Mathai S Tristram-Nagle JF Nagle ML Zeidel 2008 Structural determinants of water permeability through the lipid membrane J Gen Physiol 131 69 76
143. H Brockman 1994 Dipole potential of lipid membranes Chem Phys Lipids 73 57 79
144. S McLaughlin 1977 Electrostatic potentials at membrane-solution interfaces Curr Top Membr Transp 9 71 144
145. Hladky SB (1979) The carrier mechanism. In: Bronner F, Kleinzeller A (eds) Current topics in membranes and transport. Academic Press, New York, pp 54-164
146. GL Barchfeld DW Deamer 1985 The effect of general anaesthetics on the proton and potassium permeabilities of liposomes Biochim Biophys Acta 819 161 169
147. D Papahadjopoulos 1971 Na + -K + discrimination by "pure" phospholipid membranes Biochim Biophys Acta 241 254 259
148. D Papahadjopoulos S Nir S Oki 1972 Permeability properties of phospholipid membranes: effect of cholesterol and temperature Biochim Biophys Acta 266 561 583
149. Deamer DW, Volkov AG (1995) Protein permeation of lipid bilayers. In: Disalvo EA, Simon SA (eds) Permeability and stability of lipid bilayers. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 161-177
150. JF Nagle HJ Morowitz 1978 Molecular mechanisms for proton transport in membranes Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75 298 302
151. TH Haines 2001 Do sterols reduce proton and sodium leaks through lipid bilayers? Prog Lipid Res 40 299 324
152. S Paula AG Volkov AN Van Hoek TH Haines DW Deamer 1996 Permeation of protons, potassium ions, and small polar molecules through phospholipid bilayers as a function of membrane thickness Biophys J 70 339 348
153. TH Haines 1994 Water transport across biological membranes FEBS Lett 346 115 122
154. Haines TH, Liebovitch LS (1995) A molecular mechanism for the transport of water across phospholipid bilayer. In: Disalvo EA, Simon SA (eds) Permeability and stability of lipid bilayers. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 123-136
155. T Rog M Pasenkiewicz-Gierula I Vattulainen M Karttunen 2009 Ordering effects of cholesterol and its analogues Biochim Biophys Acta 1788 97 121
156. G Kleemann R Kellner K Poralla 1994 Purification and properties of the squalene-hopene cyclase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris, a purple non-sulfur bacterium producing hopanoids and tetrahymanol Biochim Biophys Acta 1210 317 320
157. H Sahm M Rohmer S Bringer-Meyer GA Sprenger R Welle 1993 Biochemistry and physiology of hopanoids in bacteria Adv Microb Physiol 35 247 273
158. A Gliozzi A Relini P Lee-Gau Chong 2002 Structure and permeability properties of biomimetic membranes of archaeal bolaform tetraether lipids J. Membr. Sci. 206 131 147
159. J Sikkema JA de Bont B Poolman 1995 Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons Microbiol Rev 59 201 222
160. C Valtersson G van Duyn AJ Verkleij T Chojnacki B de Kruijff G Dallner 1985 The influence of dolichol, dolichol esters, and dolichyl phosphate on phospholipid polymorphism and fluidity in model membranes J Biol Chem 260 2742 2751
161. JA Monti ST Christian JS Schutzbach 1987 Effects of dolichol on membrane permeability Biochim Biophys Acta 905 133 142
162. H Katsikas PJ Quinn 1983 Fluorescence probe studies of the distribution of ubiquinone homologues in bilayers of dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine Eur J Biochem 131 607 612
163. CD Fitch K Folkers 1967 Coenzyme Q and the stability of biological membranes Biochem Biophys Res Commun 26 128 131
164. W Stillwell T Dallman AC Dumaual FT Crump LJ Jenski 1996 Cholesterol versus alpha-tocopherol: effects on properties of bilayers made from heteroacid phosphatidylcholines Biochemistry 35 13353 13362
165. MA Shannon PW Bohn M Elimelech JG Georgiadis BJ Marinas AM Mayes 2008 Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades Nature 452 301 310
166. JC Skou M Esmann 1992 The Na,K-ATPase J Bioenerg Biomembr 24 249 261
167. K Seifert K Fendler E Bamberg 1993 Charge transport by ion translocating membrane proteins on solid supported membranes Biophys J 64 384 391
168. J Pintschovius K Fendler E Bamberg 1999 Charge translocation by the Na+/K+-ATPase investigated on solid supported membranes: cytoplasmic cation binding and release Biophys J 76 827 836 (Pubitemid 29264562)
169. J Pintschovius K Fendler 1999 Charge translocation by the Na+/K+-ATPase investigated on solid supported membranes: rapid solution exchange with a new technique Biophys J 76 814 826 (Pubitemid 29264561)
170. A Zebrowska P Krysinski 2004 Incorporation of Na(+), K(+)-ATP-ase into the thiolipid biomimetic assemblies via the fusion of proteoliposomes Langmuir 20 11127 11133
171. F Tadini-Buoninsegni G Bartolommei MR Moncelli K Fendler 2008 Charge transfer in P-type ATPases investigated on planar membranes Arch Biochem Biophys 476 75 86
172. F Tadini Buoninsegni G Bartolommei MR Moncelli G Inesi R Guidelli 2004 Time-resolved charge translocation by sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase measured on a solid supported membrane Biophys J 86 3671 3686
173. CH Nielsen S Abdali JA Lundbæk F Cornelius 2005 Raman spectroscopy of conformational changes in membrane-bound sodium potassium ATPase Spectroscopy 22 52 63
174. AY Mulkidjanian KS Makarova MY Galperin EV Koonin 2007 Inventing the dynamo machine: the evolution of the F-type and V-type ATPases Nat Rev Microbiol 5 892 899
175. PD Boyer 1997 The ATP synthase-a splendid molecular machine Annu Rev Biochem 66 717 749
176. KC Jefferies DJ Cipriano M Forgac 2008 Function, structure and regulation of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPases Arch Biochem Biophys 476 33 42
177. DJ Cipriano Y Wang S Bond A Hinton KC Jefferies J Qi M Forgac 2008 Structure and regulation of the vacuolar ATPases Biochim Biophys Acta 1777 599 604
178. H Ueno T Suzuki K Kinosita Jr M Yoshida 2005 ATP-driven stepwise rotation of FoF1-ATP synthase Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 1333 1338
179. M Tutus FF Rossetti E Schneck G Fragneto F Förster R Ricther T Nawroth M Tanaka 2008 Orientation-selective incorporation of transmemrbane F0F1 ATP synthase complex from Micrococcus luteus in polymer-supported membranes Macromol Biosci 8 1034 1043
180. R Naumann T Baumgart P Graber A Jonczyk A Offenhausser W Knoll 2002 Proton transport through a peptide-tethered bilayer lipid membrane by the H(+)-ATP synthase from chloroplasts measured by impedance spectroscopy Biosens Bioelectron 17 25 34
181. W Knoll CW Frank C Heibel R Naumann A Offenhausser J Ruhe EK Schmidt WW Shen A Sinner 2000 Functional tethered lipid bilayers J Biotechnol 74 137 158
182. AY Mulkidjanian P Dibrov MY Galperin 2008 The past and present of sodium energetics: may the sodium-motive force be with you Biochim Biophys Acta 1777 985 992
183. AY Mulkidjanian MY Galperin EV Koonin 2009 Co-evolution of primordial membranes and membrane proteins Trends Biochem Sci 34 206 215
184. DA LaVan JN Cha 2006 Approaches for biological and biomimetic energy conversion Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 5251 5255
185. D Oesterhelt W Stoeckenius 1973 Functions of a new photoreceptor membrane Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 70 2853 2857
186. B Schobert JK Lanyi 1982 Halorhodopsin is a light-driven chloride pump J Biol Chem 257 10306 10313
187. LO Essen 2002 Halorhodopsin: light-driven ion pumping made simple? Curr Opin Struct Biol 12 516 522
188. E Bamberg J Tittor D Oesterhelt 1993 Light-driven proton or chloride pumping by halorhodopsin Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 639 643
189. LP Kayushin VP Skulachev 1974 Bacteriorhodopsin as an electrogenic proton pump: reconstitution of bacteriorhodopsin proteoliposomes generating delta psi and delta pH FEBS Lett 39 39 42
190. D Oesterhelt L Schuhmann 1974 Reconstitution of bacteriorhodopsin FEBS Lett 44 262 265
191. C Ganea J Tittor E Bamberg D Oesterhelt 1998 Chloride- and pH-dependent proton transport by BR mutant D85N Biochim Biophys Acta 1368 84 96
192. C Horn C Steinem 2005 Photocurrents generated by bacteriorhodopsin adsorbed on nano-black lipid membranes Biophys J 89 1046 1054
193. G Varo 2000 Analogies between halorhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin Biochim Biophys Acta 1460 220 229
194. A Duschl MA McCloskey JK Lanyi 1988 Functional reconstitution of halorhodopsin. Properties of halorhodopsin-containing proteoliposomes J Biol Chem 263 17016 17022
195. E Bamberg P Hegemann D Oesterhelt 1984 Reconstitution of halorhodopsin in black lipid membranes Prog Clin Biol Res 164 73 79
196. AD Gruia AN Bondar JC Smith S Fischer 2005 Mechanism of a molecular valve in the halorhodopsin chloride pump Structure 13 617 627
197. JP Morth BP Pedersen MS Toustrup-Jensen TL Sorensen J Petersen JP Andersen B Vilsen P Nissen 2007 Crystal structure of the sodium-potassium pump Nature 450 1043 1049
198. T Shinoda H Ogawa F Cornelius C Toyoshima 2009 Crystal structure of the sodium-potassium pump at 2.4 A resolution Nature 459 446 450
199. C Toyoshima M Nakasako H Nomura H Ogawa 2000 Crystal structure of the calcium pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum at 2.6 A resolution Nature 405 647 655
200. C Toyoshima G Inesi 2004 Structural basis of ion pumping by Ca2+-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Annu Rev Biochem 73 269 292
201. A Accardi C Miller 2004 Secondary active transport mediated by a prokaryotic homologue of ClC Cl- channels Nature 427 803 807 (Pubitemid 38297735)
202. G Scheiner-Bobis 1998 Ion-transporting ATPases as ion channels Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 357 477 482
203. Gadsby DC (2009) Ion channels versus ion pumps: the principal difference, in principle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
204. F Ashcroft D Gadsby C Miller 2009 Introduction. The blurred boundary
205. O Kedem A Katchalsky 1958 Thermodynamic analysis of the permeability of biological membranes to non-electrolytes Biochim Biophys Acta 27 229 246
206. O Kedem A Katchalsky 1961 A physical interpretation of the phenomenological coefficients of membrane permeability J Gen Physiol 45 143 179
207. DE Goldman 1943 Potential, impedance and rectification in membranes J. Gen. Physiol. 27 37 60
208. D Chen R Eisenberg 1993 Charges, currents, and potentials in ionic channels of one conformation Biophys J 64 1405 1421
209. DP Chen RS Eisenberg 1993 Flux, coupling, and selectivity in ionic channels of one conformation Biophys J 65 727 746
210. C Miller 1999 Ionic hopping defended J Gen Physiol 113 783 787
211. SH Chung S Kuyucak 2002 Recent advances in ion channel research Biochim Biophys Acta 1565 267 286
212. B Roux 2005 Ion conduction and selectivity in K(+) channels Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 34 153 171
213. S Edwards B Corry S Kuyucak SH Chung 2002 Continuum electrostatics fails to describe ion permeation in the gramicidin channel Biophys J 83 1348 1360
214. TW Allen OS Andersen B Roux 2006 Molecular dynamics - potential of mean force calculations as a tool for understanding ion permeation and selectivity in narrow channels Biophys Chem 124 251 267
215. TW Allen T Bastug S Kuyucak SH Chung 2003 Gramicidin A channel as a test ground for molecular dynamics force fields Biophys J 84 2159 2168
216. Andersen OS, Koppe RE II, Roux B (2007) Gramicidin channels: versatile tools. In: Chung SH, Andersen OS, Krishnamurthy V (eds) Biological membrane ion channels. Springer, New York, pp 33-80
217. S Cukierman 2000 Proton mobilities in water and in different stereoisomers of covalently linked gramicidin A channels Biophys J 78 1825 1834
218. RE Koeppe II OS Andersen 1996 Engineering the gramicidin channel Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 25 231 258
219. Chung SH, Andersen OS, Krishnamurthy V (eds) (2007) Biological membrane ion channels. Dynamics, Structure and Applications, Springer, New York
220. L-YM Huang WA Catterall G Ehrenstein 1978 Selectivity of cations and nonelectrolytes for acetylcholine-activated channels in cultured muscle cells J Gen Physiol 71 397 410
221. N Unwin 2005 Refined structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at 4A resolution J Mol Biol 346 967 989
222. G Boheim W Hanke FJ Barrantes H Eibl B Sakmann G Fels A Maelicke 1981 Agonist-activated ionic channels in acetylcholine receptor reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78 3586 3590 (Pubitemid 11062397)
223. EK Schmidt T Liebermann M Kreiter A Jonczyk R Naumann A Offenhausser E Neumann A Kukol A Maelicke W Knoll 1998 Incorporation of the acetylcholine receptor dimer from Torpedo californica in a peptide supported lipid membrane investigated by surface plasmon and fluorescence spectroscopy Biosens Bioelectron 13 585 591
224. + conduction and selectivity Science 280 69 77
225. Y Jiang A Lee J Chen M Cadene BT Chait R MacKinnon 2002 Crystal structure and mechanism of a calcium-gated potassium channel Nature 417 515 522
226. Y Jiang A Lee J Chen V Ruta M Cadene BT Chait R MacKinnon 2003 X-ray structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel Nature 423 33 41
227. A Kuo JM Gulbis JF Antcliff T Rahman ED Lowe J Zimmer J Cuthbertson FM Ashcroft T Ezaki DA Doyle 2003 Crystal structure of the potassium channel KirBac1.1 in the closed state Science 300 1922 1926
228. R MacKinnon 2003 Potassium channels FEBS Lett 555 62 65
229. LT Sexton LP Horne CR Martin 2007 Developing synthetic conical nanopores for biosensing applications Mol Biosyst 3 667 685
230. YJ Jeon H Kim S Jon N Selvapalam DH Oh I Seo CS Park SR Jung DS Koh K Kim 2004 Artificial ion channel formed by cucurbit[n]uril derivatives with a carbonyl group fringed portal reminiscent of the selectivity filter of K+ channels J Am Chem Soc 126 15944 15945
231. Terrettaz S, Follonier S, Makohliso S, Vogel H (2009) A synthetic membrane protein in tethered lipid bilayers for immunosensing in whole blood. J Struct Biol
232. CS Gandhi E Clark E Loots A Pralle EY Isacoff 2003 The orientation and molecular movement of a k(+) channel voltage-sensing domain Neuron 40 515 525
233. M Laine MC Lin JP Bannister WR Silverman AF Mock B Roux DM Papazian 2003 Atomic proximity between S4 segment and pore domain in Shaker potassium channels Neuron 39 467 481
234. RO Blaustein C Miller 2004 Ion channels: shake, rattle or roll? Nature 427 499 500
235. SB Long EB Campbell R Mackinnon 2005 Crystal structure of a mammalian voltage-dependent Shaker family K+ channel Science 309 897 903
236. SB Long EB Campbell R Mackinnon 2005 Voltage sensor of Kv1.2: structural basis of electromechanical coupling Science 309 903 908
237. MA Dhoke PJ Ladha FJ Boerio LB Lessard DH Malinowska J Cuppoletti DS Wieczorek 2005 Porous membranes for reconstitution of ion channels Biochim Biophys Acta 1716 117 125
238. N Matsuno M Murawsky J Ridgeway J Cuppoletti 2004 Solid support membranes for ion channel arrays and sensors: application to rapid screening of pharmacological compounds Biochim Biophys Acta 1665 184 190
239. R Blunck H McGuire HC Hyde F Bezanilla 2008 Fluorescence detection of the movement of single KcsA subunits reveals cooperativity Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 20263 20268
240. TE DeCoursey 2008 Voltage-gated proton channels: what's next? J Physiol 586 5305 5324
241. TE DeCoursey 2008 Voltage-gated proton channels Cell Mol Life Sci 65 2554 2573
242. VV Cherny R Murphy V Sokolov RA Levis TE DeCoursey 2003 Properties of single voltage-gated proton channels in human eosinophils estimated by noise analysis and by direct measurement J Gen Physiol 121 615 628
243. N Demaurex S Grinstein M Jaconi W Schlegel DP Lew KH Krause 1993 Proton currents in human granulocytes: regulation by membrane potential and intracellular pH J Physiol 466 329 344 (Pubitemid 23225232)
244. T Schilling A Gratopp TE DeCoursey C Eder 2002 Voltage-activated proton currents in human lymphocytes J Physiol 545 93 105
245. F Tombola MH Ulbrich EY Isacoff 2008 The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 has two pores, each controlled by one voltage sensor Neuron 58 546 556
246. HP Koch T Kurokawa Y Okochi M Sasaki Y Okamura HP Larsson 2008 Multimeric nature of voltage-gated proton channels Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 9111 9116
247. SY Lee JA Letts R Mackinnon 2008 Dimeric subunit stoichiometry of the human voltage-dependent proton channel Hv1 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 7692 7695
248. M Sasaki M Takagi Y Okamura 2006 A voltage sensor-domain protein is a voltage-gated proton channel Science 312 589 592
249. IS Ramsey MM Moran JA Chong DE Clapham 2006 A voltage-gated proton-selective channel lacking the pore domain Nature 440 1213 1216
250. DM Starace F Bezanilla 2004 A proton pore in a potassium channel voltage sensor reveals a focused electric field Nature 427 548 553
251. DM Starace F Bezanilla 2001 Histidine scanning mutagenesis of basic residues of the S4 segment of the shaker k+ channel J Gen Physiol 117 469 490
252. SY Lee JA Letts R MacKinnon 2009 Functional reconstitution of purified human Hv1 H+ channels J Mol Biol 387 1055 1060
253. P Agre S Sasaki MJ Chrispeels 1993 Aquaporins: a family of water channel proteins Am J Physiol 265 F461
254. T Gonen T Walz 2006 The structure of aquaporins Q Rev Biophys 39 361 396
255. D Fu M Lu 2007 The structural basis of water permeation and proton exclusion in aquaporins Mol Membr Biol 24 366 374
256. K Ishibashi 2006 Aquaporin subfamily with unusual NPA boxes Biochim Biophys Acta 1758 989 993
257. AS Verkman 2005 More than just water channels: unexpected cellular roles of aquaporins J Cell Sci 118 3225 3232
258. S Nielsen J Frokiaer D Marples TH Kwon P Agre MA Knepper 2002 Aquaporins in the kidney: from molecules to medicine Physiol Rev 82 205 244
259. MJ Borgnia P Agre 2001 Reconstitution and functional comparison of purified GlpF and AqpZ, the glycerol and water channels from Escherichia coli Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 2888 2893
260. G Calamita WR Bishai GM Preston WB Guggino P Agre 1995 Molecular cloning and characterization of AqpZ, a water channel from Escherichia coli J Biol Chem 270 29063 29066
261. D Fu A Libson LJ Miercke C Weitzman P Nollert J Krucinski RM Stroud 2000 Structure of a glycerol-conducting channel and the basis for its selectivity Science 290 481 486
262. W Nernst 1909 Zur Theorie des electrischen Reizes Pfluegers Arch. Physiol 122 275 314
263. TL Anthony HL Brooks D Boassa S Leonov GM Yanochko JW Regan AJ Yool 2000 Cloned human aquaporin-1 is a cyclic GMP-gated ion channel Mol Pharmacol 57 576 588
264. GJ Cooper WF Boron 1998 Effect of PCMBS on CO2 permeability of Xenopus oocytes expressing aquaporin 1 or its C189S mutant Am J Physiol 275 C1481 C1486
265. M Herrera NJ Hong JL Garvin 2006 Aquaporin-1 transports NO across cell membranes Hypertension 48 157 164
266. NL Nakhoul KS Hering-Smith SM Abdulnour-Nakhoul LL Hamm 2001 Transport of NH(3)/NH in oocytes expressing aquaporin-1 Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281 F255 F263
267. M Yasui TH Kwon MA Knepper S Nielsen P Agre 1999 Aquaporin-6: an intracellular vesicle water channel protein in renal epithelia Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 5808 5813
268. Z Liu J Shen JM Carbrey R Mukhopadhyay P Agre BP Rosen 2002 Arsenite transport by mammalian aquaglyceroporins AQP7 and AQP9 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 6053 6058
269. RM Stroud LJ Miercke J O'Connell S Khademi JK Lee J Remis W Harries Y Robles D Akhavan 2003 Glycerol facilitator GlpF and the associated aquaporin family of channels Curr Opin Struct Biol 13 424 431
270. RM Stroud D Savage LJ Miercke JK Lee S Khademi W Harries 2003 Selectivity and conductance among the glycerol and water conducting aquaporin family of channels FEBS Lett 555 79 84 (Pubitemid 37431101)
271. AS Verkman 2002 Does aquaporin-1 pass gas? An opposing view J Physiol 542 31
272. B Wu E Beitz 2007 Aquaporins with selectivity for unconventional permeants Cell Mol Life Sci 64 2413 2421
273. GP Bienert MD Schussler TP Jahn 2008 Metalloids: essential, beneficial or toxic? Major intrinsic proteins sort it out Trends Biochem Sci 33 20 26
274. H Khandelia MO Jensen OG Mouritsen 2009 To gate or not to gate: using molecular dynamics simulations to morph gated plant aquaporins into constitutively open conformations J Phys Chem B 113 5239 5244
275. KL Nemeth-Cahalan JE Hall 2000 pH and calcium regulate the water permeability of aquaporin 0 J Biol Chem 275 6777 6782
276. KL Nemeth-Cahalan K Kalman JE Hall 2004 Molecular basis of pH and Ca2+ regulation of aquaporin water permeability J Gen Physiol 123 573 580
277. I Johansson C Larsson B Ek P Kjellbom 1996 The major integral proteins of spinach leaf plasma membranes are putative aquaporins and are phosphorylated in response to Ca2+ and apoplastic water potential Plant Cell 8 1181 1191
278. I Johansson M Karlsson VK Shukla MJ Chrispeels C Larsson P Kjellbom 1998 Water transport activity of the plasma membrane aquaporin PM28A is regulated by phosphorylation Plant Cell 10 451 459
279. T Zeuthen DA Klaerke 1999 Transport of water and glycerol in aquaporin 3 is gated by H(+) J Biol Chem 274 21631 21636
280. M Yasui A Hazama TH Kwon S Nielsen WB Guggino P Agre 1999 Rapid gating and anion permeability of an intracellular aquaporin Nature 402 184 187
281. W Nernst 1904 Theorie der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit in heterogenen Systemen Z Phys Chem (Leipzig) 47 52 55
282. JH Schulman T Teorell 1938 On the boundary layer at membrane and monolayer interfaces Trans Faraday Soc 34 1337
283. Pearce GK (2008) UF/MF pre-treatment to RO in seawater and wastewater reuse applications: a comparison of energy costs
284. Byrne W (2002) Reverse osmosis. Tall Oaks Publishing Inc., Littleton, CO
285. Meltzer TH (1993) High-purity water. Tall Oaks Publishing, Littleton, CO
286. AG Macdonald 2002 Ion channels under high pressure Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 131 587 593
287. B Griepernau RA Bockmann 2008 The influence of 1-alkanols and external pressure on the lateral pressure profiles of lipid bilayers Biophys J 95 5766 5778
288. S Loeb RS Norman 1975 Osmotic power plants Science 189 654 655
289. SE Skilhagen JE Dugstad RJ Aaberg 2008 Osmotic power - power production based on the osmotic pressure difference between waters with varying salt gradients Desalination 220 476 482
290. TY Cath AE Childress M Elimelech 2006 Forward osmosis: principles, applications and recent developments J Membr Sci 281 70 87
291. JO Kessler CD Moody 1976 Drinking water from sea water by forward osmosis Desalination 18 297 306
292. JR McCutcheon RL McGinnis M Elimelech 2006 Desalination by a novel ammonia-carbon dioxide forward osmosis process: influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance J Membr Sci 278 114 123
293. U Sleytr H Bayley M Sára A Breitwieser S Küpcü C Mader S Weigert F Unger P Messner B Jahn-Schmid B Schuster D Pum K Douglas N Clark J Moore T Winningham S Levy I Frithsen J Pankovc P Beale H Gillis D Choutov KP Martin 1997 Applications of S-layers FEMS Microbiol Rev 29 151 175
294. Szewczykowski P (2009) Nano-porous materials from diblock copolymers and their membrane application. PhD Thesis, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby
295. A Walter J Gutknecht 1986 Permeability of small nonelectrolytes through lipid bilayer membranes J Membrane Biol 77 255 264
296. RF Flewelling WL Hubbell 1986 Hydrophobic ion interactions with membranes. Thermodynamic analysis of tetraphenylphosphonium binding to vesicles Biophys J 49 531 540
297. H Hauser D Oldani MC Phillips 1973 Mechanism of ion escape from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine single bilayer vesicles Biochemistry 12 4507 4517
298. J Gutknecht 1984 Proton/hydroxide conductance through lipid bilayer membranes J Membr Biol 82 105 112 (Pubitemid 14024786)