The structure of aquaporins

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 361-396

  Gonen, Tamir ^a   Walz, Thomas ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AQUAPORIN; AQUAPORIN 1; AQUAPORIN 10; AQUAPORIN 11; AQUAPORIN 12; AQUAPORIN 2; AQUAPORIN 3; AQUAPORIN 4; AQUAPORIN 5; AQUAPORIN 6; AQUAPORIN 7; AQUAPORIN 8; AQUAPORIN 9;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; LIPID BILAYER; MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENETIC TREE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; REVIEW; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; STRUCTURAL HOMOLOGY; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; WATER TRANSPORT;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; AQUAPORINS; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; HUMANS; ION CHANNEL GATING; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; WATER;

EID: 33845669996     PISSN: 00335835     EISSN: 14698994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033583506004458     Document Type: Review

References (152)

1. AGRE, P., BORGNIA, M., YASUI, M., NEELY, J., CARBREY, J., KOZONO, D., BEITZ, E., HOFFERT, J., LEITCH, V. & KING, L. S. (2001). Discovery of the aquaporins and their impact on basic and clinical physiology. In Hohmann, S., Nielsen, S. & Agre, P. (eds.), Aquaporins, vol. 51, pp. 1-38. San Diego: Academic Press.
2. AGRE, P. & KOZONO, D. (2003). Aquaporin water channels: molecular mechanisms for human diseases. FEBS Letters 555, 72-78.
3. AGRE, P., SABOORI, A. M., ASIMOS, A. & SMITH, B. L. (1987). Purification and partial characterization of the Mr 30,000 integral membrane protein associated with the erythrocyte Rh(D) antigen. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262, 17497-17503.
4. AGRE, P., SASAKI, S. & CHRISPEELS, M. J. (1993). Aquaporins: a family of water channel proteins. American Journal of Physiology 265, F461.
5. ALCALA, J., LIESKA, N. & MAISEL, H. (1975). Protein composition of bovine lens cortical fiber cell membranes. Experimental Eye Research 21, 581-595.
6. BALL, L. E., LITTLE, M., NOWAK, M. W., GARLAND, D. L., CROUCH, R. K. & SCHEY, K. L. (2003). Water permeability of C-terminally truncated aquaporin 0 (AQP0 1-243) observed in the aging human lens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences 44, 4820-4828.
7. BEITZ, E., WU, B., HOLM, L. M., SCHULTZ, J. E. & ZEUTHEN, T. (2006). Point mutations in the aromatic/arginine region in aquaporin 1 allow passage of urea, glycerol, ammonia, and protons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103, 269-274.
8. BLOEMENDAL, H., ZWEERS, A., VERMORKEN, F., DUNIA, I. & BENEDETTI, E. L. (1972). The plasma membranes of eye lens fibres. Biochemical and structural characterization. Cell Differentiation 1, 91-106.
9. BOK, D., DOCKSTADER, J. & HORWITZ, J. (1982). Immunocytochemical localization of the lens main intrinsic polypeptide (MIP26) in communicating junctions. Journal of Cell Biology 92, 213-220.
10. BORGNIA, M., NIELSEN, S., ENGEL, A. & AGRE, P. (1999). Cellular and molecular biology of the aquaporin water channels. Annual Reviews in Biochemistry 68, 425-458.
11. BORGNIA, M. J. & AGRE, P. (2001). Reconstitution and functional comparison of purified GlpF and AqpZ, the glycerol and water channels from Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98, 2888-2893.
12. BROWN, D. & ORCI, L. (1983). Vasopressin stimulates formation of coated pits in rat kidney collecting ducts. Nature 302, 253-255.
13. CALAMITA, G., MAZZONE, A., BIZZOCA, A., CAVALIER, A., CASSANO, G., THOMAS, D. & SVELTO, M. (2001). Expression and immunolocalization of the aquaporin-8 water channel in rat gastrointestinal tract. European Journal of Cell Biology 80, 711-719.
14. CHANDY, G., ZAMPIGHI, G. A., KREMAN, M. & HALL, J. E. (1997). Comparison of the water transporting properties of MIP and AQP1. Journal of Membrane Biology 159, 29-39.
15. CHENG, A., VAN HOEK, A. N., YEAGER, M., VERKMAN, A. S. & MITRA, A. K. (1997). Three-dimensional organization of a human water channel. Nature 387, 627-630.
16. CHEPELINSKY, A. B. (2003). The ocular lens fiber membrane specific protein MIP/Aquaporin 0. Journal of Experimental Zoology, part A: Comparative Experimental Biology 300, 41-46.
17. COSTELLO, M. J., MCINTOSH, T. J. & ROBERTSON, J. D. (1989). Distribution of gap junctions and square array junctions in the mammalian lens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 30, 975-989.
18. CUKIERMAN, S. (2000). Proton mobilities in water and in different stereoisomers of covalently linked gramicidin A channels. Biophysical Journal 78, 1825-1834.
19. DE GROOT, B. L. & GRUBMULLER, H. (2005). The dynamics and energetics of water permeation and proton exclusion in aquaporins. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 15, 176-183.
20. DEEN, P. M. & BROWN, D. (2001). Trafficking of native and mutant mammalian MIP proteins. In Hohmann, S., Nielsen, S. & Agre, P. (eds.), Aquaporins, vol. 51, pp. 235-276. San Diego: Academic Press.
21. DING, X. & KITAGAWA, Y. (2001). Rapid amplification of a water channel-like gene and its flanking sequences from the Methanothermobacter marburgensis genome using a single primer PCR strategy. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 92, 488-491.
22. + conduction and selectivity. Science 280, 69-77.
23. DRAKE, K. D., SCHUETTE, D., CHEPELINSKY, A. B., JACOB, T. J. & CRABBE, M. J. (2002). pH-Dependent channel activity of heterologously-expressed main intrinsic protein (MIP) from rat lens. FEBS Letters 512, 199-204.
24. DUNIA, I., MANENTI, S., ROUSSELET, A. & BENEDETTI, E. L. (1987). Electron microscopic observations of reconstituted proteoliposomes with the purified major intrinsic membrane protein of eye lens fibers. Journal of Cell Biology 105, 1679-1689.
25. EHRING, G. R., ZAMPIGHI, G., HORWITZ, J., BOK, D. & HALL, J. E. (1990). Properties of channels reconstituted from the major intrinsic protein of lens fiber membranes. Journal of General Physiology 96, 631-664.
26. FISCHBARG, J., KUANG, K. Y., VERA, J. C., ARANT, S., SILVERSTEIN, S. C., LOIKE, J. & ROSEN, O. M. (1990). Glucose transporters serve as water channels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 87, 3244-3247.
27. FOTIADIS, D., HASLER, L., MULLER, D. J., STAHLBERG, H., KISTLER, J. & ENGEL, A. (2000). Surface tongue-and-groove contours on lens MIP facilitate cell-to-cell adherence. Journal of Molecular Biology 300, 779-789.
28. FU, D., LIBSON, A., MIERCKE, L. J., WEITZMAN, C., NOLLERT, P., KRUCINSKI, J. & STROUD, R. M. (2000). Structure of a glycerol-conducting channel and the basis for its selectivity. Science 290, 481-486.
29. FUJIYOSHI, Y. (1998). The structural study of membrane proteins by electron crystallography. Advances in Biophysics 35, 25-80.
30. FURMAN, C. S., GORELICK-FELDMAN, D. A., DAVIDSON, K. G., YASUMURA, T., NEELY, J. D., AGRE, P. & RASH, J. E. (2003). Aquaporin-4 square array assembly: opposing actions of M1 and M23 isoforms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100, 13609-13614.
31. FUSHIMI, K., UCHIDA, S., HARA, Y., HIRATA, Y., MARUMO, F. & SASAKI, S. (1993). Cloning and expression of apical membrane water channel of rat kidney collecting tubule. Nature 361, 549-552.
32. GARCIA, F., KIERBEL, A., LAROCCA, M. C., GRADILONE, S. A., SPLINTER, P., LARUSSO, N. F. & MARINELLI, R. A. (2001). The water channel aquaporin-8 is mainly intracellular in rat hepatocytes, and its plasma membrane insertion is stimulated by cyclic AMP. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 12147-12152.
33. GONEN, T., CHENG, Y., KISTLER, J. & WALZ, T. (2004b). Aquaporin-0 membrane junctions form upon proteolytic cleavage. Journal of Molecular Biology 342, 1337-1345.
34. GONEN, T., SLIZ, P., KISTLER, J., CHENG, Y. & WALZ, T. (2004a). Aquaporin-0 membrane junctions reveal the structure of a closed water pore. Nature 429, 193-197.
35. GONEN, T., CHENG, Y., SLIZ, P., HIROAKI, Y., FUJIYOSHI, Y., HARRISON, S. C. & WALZ, T. (2005). Lipid-protein interactions in double-layered two-dimensional crystals of aquaporin-0. Nature 438, 633-638.
36. GORIN, M. B., YANCEY, S. B., CLINE, J., REVEL, J. P. & HORWITZ, J. (1984). The major intrinsic protein (MIP) of the bovine lens fiber membrane: characterization and structure based on cDNA cloning. Cell 39, 49-59.
37. GRADILONE, S. A., CARRERAS, F. I., LEHMANN, G. L. & MARINELLI, R. A. (2005). Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase is involved in the glucagon-induced translocation of aquaporin-8 to hepatocyte plasma membrane. Biology of the Cell 97, 831-836.
38. GRADILONE, S. A., GARCIA, F., HUEBERT, R. C., TIETZ, P. S., LAROCCA, M. C., KIERBEL, A., CARRERAS, F. I., LARUSSO, N. F. & MARINELLI, R. A. (2003). Glucagon induces the plasma membrane insertion of functional aquaporin-8 water channels in isolated rat hepatocytes. Hepatology 37, 1435-1441.
39. GRANTHAM, J. J. & BURG, M. B. (1966). Effect of vasopressin and cyclic AMP on permeability of isolated collecting tubules. American Journal of Physiology 211, 255-259.
40. HAN, Z. & PATIL, R. V. (2000). Protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of aquaporin-1. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 273, 328-332.
41. HARA-CHIKUMA, M. & VERKMAN, A. S. (2005). Aquaporin-3 functions as a glycerol transporter in mammalian skin. Biology of the Cell 97, 479-486.
42. HARRIES, W. E., AKHAVAN, D., MIERCKE, L. J., KHADEMI, S. & STROUD, R. M. (2004). The channel architecture of aquaporin 0 at a 2.2-Å resolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, 14045-14050.
43. HARRIS JR., H. W., HOSSELET, C., GUAY-WOODFORD, L. & ZEIDEL, M. L. (1992). Purification and partial characterization of candidate antidiuretic hormone water channel proteins of M(r) 55,000 and 53,000 from toad urinary bladder. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 22115-22121.
44. HASEGAWA, H., MA, T., SKACH, W., MATTHAY, M. A. & VERKMAN, A. S. (1994). Molecular cloning of a mercurial-insensitive water channel expressed in selected water-transporting tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 5497-5500.
45. HASLER, L., WALZ, T., TITTMANN, P., GROSS, H., KISTLER, J. & ENGEL, A. (1998). Purified lens major intrinsic protein (MIP) forms highly ordered tetragonal two-dimensional arrays by reconstitution. Journal of Molecular Biology 279, 855-864.
46. 2+ activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 29224-29230.
47. HELLER, K. B., LIN, E. C. & WILSON, T. H. (1980). Substrate specificity and transport properties of the glycerol facilitator of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 144, 274-278.
48. HIROAKI, Y., KAZUTOSHI, T., KAMEGAWA, A., GYOBO, N., NISHIKAWA, K., SUZUKI, H., WALZ, T., SASAKI, S., MITSUOKA, K., KIMURA, K., MIZOGUCHI, A. & FUJIYOSHI, Y. (2006). Implications of the aquaporin-4 structure on array formation and cell adhesion. Journal of Molecular Biology 355, 628-639.
49. HORNE, R. A. (1964). Role of the Grotthuss mechanism for protonic and electronic transport in the transmission of impulses along muscle fibres. Nature 202, 1221.
50. HUEBERT, R. C., SPLINTER, P. L., GARCIA, F., MARINELLI, R. A. & LARUSSO, N. F. (2002). Expression and localization of aquaporin water channels in rat hepatocytes. Evidence for a role in canalicular bile secretion. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 22710-22717.
51. IKEDA, M., BEITZ, E., KOZONO, D., GUGGINO, W. B., AGRE, P. & YASUI, M. (2002). Characterization of aquaporin-6 as a nitrate channel in mammalian cells. Requirement of pore-lining residue threonine 63. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 39873-39879.
52. ISHIBASHI, K., KUWAHARA, M., GU, Y., KAGEYAMA, Y., TOHSAKA, A., SUZUKI, F., MARUMO, F. & SASAKI, S. (1997a). Cloning and functional expression of a new water channel abundantly expressed in the testis permeable to water, glycerol, and urea. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, 20782-20786.
53. ISHIBASHI, K., KUWAHARA, M., GU, Y., TANAKA, Y., MARUMO, F. & SASAKI, S. (1998). Cloning and functional expression of a new aquaporin (AQP9) abundantly expressed in the peripheral leukocytes permeable to water and urea, but not to glycerol. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 244, 268-274.
54. ISHIBASHI, K., KUWAHARA, M., KAGEYAMA, Y., SASAKI, S., SUZUKI, M. & IMAI, M. (2000). Molecular cloning of a new aquaporin superfamily in mammals. In Hohmann, S. & Nielsen, S. (eds.), Molecular Biology and Physiology of Water and Solute Transport, pp. 123-126. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
55. ISHIBASHI, K., KUWAHARA, M., KAGEYAMA, Y., TOHSAKA, A., MARUMO, F. & SASAKI, S. (1997b). Cloning and functional expression of a second new aquaporin abundantly expressed in testis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 237, 714-718.
56. ISHIBASHI, K., MORINAGA, T., KUWAHARA, M., SASAKI, S. & IMAI, M. (2002). Cloning and identification of a new member of water channel (AQP10) as an aquaglyceroporin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1576, 335-340.
57. JAP, B. K. & LI, H. (1995). Structure of the osmo-regulated H2O-channel, AQP-CHIP, in projection at 3.5 Å resolution. Journal of Molecular Biology 251, 413-420.
58. JIANG, J., DANIELS, B. V. & FU, D. (2006). Crystal structure of AqpZ tetramer reveals two distinct Arg-189 conformations associated with water permeation through the narrowest constriction of the water-conducting channel. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, 454-460.
59. JOHANSSON, I., KARLSSON, M., SHUKLA, V. K., CHRISPEELS, M. J., LARSSON, C. & KJELLBOM, P. (1998). Water transport activity of the plasma membrane aquaporin PM28A is regulated by phosphorylation. Plant Cell 10, 451-459.
60. 2+ and apoplastic water potential. Plant Cell 8, 1181-1191.
61. JUNG, J. S., BHAT, R. V., PRESTON, G. M., GUGGINO, W. B., BARABAN, J. M. & AGRE, P. (1994b). Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91, 13052-13056.
62. JUNG, J. S., PRESTON, G. M., SMITH, B. L., GUGGINO, W. B. & AGRE, P. (1994a). Molecular structure of the water channel through aquaporin CHIP. The hourglass model. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 14648-14654.
63. KING, L. S., KOZONO, D. & AGRE, P. (2004). From structure to disease: the evolving tale of aquaporin biology. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, 687-698.
64. KISTLER, J. & BULLIVANT, S. (1980). Lens gap junctions and orthogonal arrays are unrelated. FEBS Letters 111, 73-78.
65. KNEPPER, M. A., NIELSEN, S. & CHOU, C. L. (2001). Physiological roles of aquaporins in the kidney. In Hohmann, S., Nielsen, S. & Agre, P. (eds.), Aquaporins, vol. 51, pp. 121-153. San Diego: Academic Press.
66. KOZONO, D., DING, X., IWASAKI, I., MENG, X., KAMAGATA, Y., AGRE, P. & KITAGAWA, Y. (2003). Functional expression and characterization of an archaeal aquaporin. AqpM from methanothermobacter marburgensis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, 10649-10656.
67. KUSHMERICK, C., RICE, S. J., BALDO, G. J., HASPEL, H. C. & MATHIAS, R. T. (1995). Ion, water and neutral solute transport in Xenopus oocytes expressing frog lens MIP. Experimental Eye Research 61, 351-362.
68. LEE, J. K., KOZONO, D., REMIS, J., KITAGAWA, Y., AGRE, P. & STROUD, R. M. (2005). Structural basis for conductance by the archaeal aquaporin AqpM at 1.68 Å. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102, 18932-18937.
69. LEE, M. D., KING, L. S. & AGRE, P. (1998). Aquaporin water channels in eye and other tissues. Current Topics in Membranes 45, 105-134.
70. LI, H., LEE, S. & JAP, B. K. (1997). Molecular design of aquaporin-1 water channel as revealed by electron crystallography. Nature Structural Biology 4, 263-265.
71. LIU, K., KOZONO, D., KATO, Y., AGRE, P., HAZAMA, A. & YASUI, M. (2005). Conversion of aquaporin 6 from an anion channel to a water-selective channel by a single amino acid substitution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102, 2192-2197.
72. LIU, Z., SHEN, J., CARBREY, J. M., MUKHOPADHYAY, R., AGRE, P. & ROSEN, B. P. (2002). Arsenite transport by mammalian aquaglyceroporins AQP7 and AQP9. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99, 6053-6058.
73. LU, M., LEE, M. D., SMITH, B. L., JUNG, J. S., AGRE, P., VERDIJK, M. A., MERKX, G., RIJSS, J. P. & DEEN, P. M. (1996). The human AQP4 gene: definition of the locus encoding two water channel polypeptides in brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93, 10908-10912.
74. MA, T., YANG, B. & VERKMAN, A. S. (1997). Cloning of a novel water and urea-permeable aquaporin from mouse expressed strongly in colon, placenta, liver, and heart. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 240, 324-328.
75. MACEY, R. I. (1984). Transport of water and urea in red blood cells. American Journal of Physiology 246, C195-203.
76. MARINELLI, R. A., PHAM, L., AGRE, P. & LARUSSO, N. F. (1997). Secretin promotes osmotic water transport in rat cholangiocytes by increasing aquaporin-1 water channels in plasma membrane. Evidence for a secretin-induced vesicular translocation of aquaporin-1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, 12984-12988.
77. MARINELLI, R. A., TIETZ, P. S., CARIDE, A. J., HUANG, B. Q. & LARUSSO, N. F. (2003). Water transporting properties of hepatocyte basolateral and canalicular plasma membrane domains. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, 43157-43162.
78. MARINELLI, R. A., TIETZ, P. S., PHAM, L. D., RUECKERT, L., AGRE, P. & LARUSSO, N. F. (1999). Secretin induces the apical insertion of aquaporin-1 water channels in rat cholangiocytes. American Journal of Physiology 276, G280-286.
79. MATHIAS, R. T., RIQUELME, G. & RAE, J. L. (1991). Cell to cell communication and pH in the frog lens. Journal of General Physiology 98, 1085-1103.
80. MATSUZAKI, T., TAJIKA, Y., TSERENTSOODOL, N., SUZUKI, T., AOKI, T., HAGIWARA, H. & TAKATA, K. (2002). Aquaporins: a water channel family. Anatomical Science International 77, 85-93.
81. MAUREL, C., REIZER, J., SCHROEDER, J. I., CHRISPEELS, M. J. & SAIER JR., M. H. (1994). Functional characterization of the Escherichia coli glycerol facilitator, GlpF, in Xenopus oocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 11869-11872.
82. MITRA, A. K., VAN HOEK, A. N., WIENER, M. C., VERKMAN, A. S. & YEAGER, M. (1995). The CHIP28 water channel visualized in ice by electron crystallography. Nature Structural Biology 2, 726-729.
83. MITRA, A. K., YEAGER, M., VAN HOEK, A. N., WIENER, M. C. & VERKMAN, A. S. (1994). Projection structure of the CHIP28 water channel in lipid bilayer membranes at 12-Å resolution. Biochemistry 33, 12735-12740.
84. MITSUOKA, K., MURATA, K., WALZ, T., HIRAI, T., AGRE, P., HEYMANN, J. B., ENGEL, A. & FUJIYOSHI, Y. (1999). The structure of aquaporin-1 at 4.5-Å resolution reveals short a-helices in the center of the monomer. Journal of Structural Biology 128, 34-43.
85. MORGAN, T. & BERLINER, R. W. (1968). Permeability of the loop of Henle, vasa recta, and collecting duct to water, urea, and sodium. American Journal of Physiology 215, 108-115.
86. MORISHITA, Y., SAKUBE, Y., SASAKI, S. & ISHIBASHI, K. (2004). Molecular mechanisms and drug development in aquaporin water channel diseases: aquaporin superfamily (superaquaporins): expansion of aquaporins restricted to multicellular organisms. Journal of Pharmacological Science 96, 276-279.
87. MULDERS, S. M., PRESTON, G. M., DEEN, P. M., GUGGINO, W. B., VAN OS, C. H. & AGRE, P. (1995). Water channel properties of major intrinsic protein of lens. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 9010-9016.
88. MURATA, K., MITSUOKA, K., HIRAI, T., WALZ, T., AGRE, P., HEYMANN, J. B., ENGEL, A. & FUJIYOSHI, Y. (2000). Structural determinants of water permeation through aquaporin-1. Nature 407, 599-605.
89. NEMETH-CAHALAN, K. L. & HALL, J. E. (2000). pH and calcium regulate the water permeability of aquaporin 0. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, 6777-6782.
90. 2+ regulation of aquaporin water permeability. Journal of General Physiology 123, 573-580.
91. NGUYEN, M. K., NIELSEN, S. & KURTZ, I. (2003). Molecular pathogenesis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 7, 9-17.
92. NIELSEN, S., CHOU, C. L., MARPLES, D., CHRISTENSEN, E. I., KISHORE, B. K. & KNEPPER, M. A. (1995). Vasopressin increases water permeability of kidney collecting duct by inducing translocation of aquaporin-CD water channels to plasma membrane. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92, 1013-1017.
93. NIELSEN, S., KING, L. S., CHRISTENSEN, B. M. & AGRE, P. (1997b). Aquaporins in complex tissues. II. Subcellular distribution in respiratory and glandular tissues of rat. American Journal of Physiology 273, C1549-1561.
94. NIELSEN, S., NAGELHUS, E. A., AMIRY-MOGHADDAM, M., BOURQUE, C., AGRE, P. & OTTERSEN, O. P. (1997a). Specialized membrane domains for water transport in glial cells: high-resolution immunogold cytochemistry of aquaporin-4 in rat brain. Journal of Neuroscience 17, 171-180.
95. NOLLERT, P., HARRIES, W. E., FU, D., MIERCKE, L. J. & STROUD, R. M. (2001). Atomic structure of a glycerol channel and implications for substrate permeation in aqua(glycero)porins. FEBS Letters 504, 112-117.
96. NOTREDAME, C., HIGGINS, D. & HERINGA, J. (2000). T-Coffee: a novel method for multiple sequence alignments. Journal of Molecular Biology 302, 205-217.
97. PALANIVELU, D. V., KOZONO, D. E., ENGEL, A., SUDA, K., LUSTIG, A., AGRE, P. & SCHIRMER, T. (2006). Co-axial association of recombinant eye lens aquaporin-0 observed in loosely packed 3D crystals. Journal of Molecular Biology 355, 605-611.
98. PAO, G. M., WU, L. F., JOHNSON, K. D., HOFTE, H., CHRISPEELS, M. J., SWEET, G., SANDAL, N. N. & SAIER JR., M. H. (1991). Evolution of the MIP family of integral membrane transport proteins. Molecular Microbiology 5, 33-37.
99. PATIL, R. V., HAN, Z. & WAX, M. B. (1997). Regulation of water channel activity of aquaporin 1 by arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 238, 392-396.
100. + translocation along the single-file water chain in the gramicidin A channel. Biophysical Journal 71, 19-39.
101. + conduction along hydrogen-bonded chains of water molecules. Biophysical Journal 75, 33-40.
102. PRESTON, G. M., CARROLL, T. P., GUGGINO, W. B. & AGRE, P. (1992). Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein. Science 256, 385-387.
103. PRESTON, G. M., JUNG, J. S., GUGGINO, W. B. & AGRE, P. (1993). The mercury-sensitive residue at cysteine 189 in the CHIP28 water channel. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 17-20.
104. PRESTON, G. M., JUNG, J. S., GUGGINO, W. B. & AGRE, P. (1994). Membrane topology of aquaporin CHIP. Analysis of functional epitope-scanning mutants by vectorial proteolysis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 1668-1673.
105. RAINA, S., PRESTON, G. M., GUGGINO, W. B. & AGRE, P. (1995). Molecular cloning and characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from salivary, lacrimal, and respiratory tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1908-1912.
106. RAPAPORT, D., NEUPERT, W. & LILL, R. (1997). Mitochondrial protein import. Tom40 plays a major role in targeting and translocation of preproteins by forming a specific binding site for the presequence. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, 18725-18731.
107. RASH, J. E., YASUMURA, T., HUDSON, C. S., AGRE, P. & NIELSEN, S. (1998). Direct immunogold labeling of aquaporin-4 in square arrays of astrocyte and ependymocyte plasma membranes in rat brain and spinal cord. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95, 11981-11986.
108. REN, G., REDDY, V. S., CHENG, A., MELNYK, P. & MITRA, A. K. (2001). Visualization of a water-selective pore by electron crystallography in vitreous ice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98, 1398-1403.
109. RICH, G. T., SHA'AFI, I., ROMUALDEZ, A. & SOLOMON, A. K. (1968). Effect of osmolality on the hydraulic permeability coefficient of red cells. Journal of General Physiology 52, 941-954.
110. ROY, D., SPECTOR, A. & FARNSWORTH, P. N. (1979). Human lens membrane: comparison of major intrinsic polypeptides from young and old lenses isolated by a new methodology. Experimental Eye Research 28, 353-358.
111. SAITO, T., ISHIKAWA, S. E., SASAKI, S., FUJITA, N., FUSHIMI, K., OKADA, K., TAKEUCHI, K., SAKAMOTO, A., OOKAWARA, S., KANEKO, T. & MARUMO, F. (1997). Alteration in water channel AQP-2 by removal of AVP stimulation in collecting duct cells of dehydrated rats. American Journal of Physiology 272, F183-191.
112. SARFARAZ, D. & FRASER, C. L. (1999). Effects of arginine vasopressin on cell volume regulation in brain astrocyte in culture. American Journal of Physiology 276, E596-601.
113. SAVAGE, D. F., EGEA, P. F., ROBLES-COLMENARES, Y., O'CONNELL 3RD, J. D. & STROUD, R. M. (2003). Architecture and selectivity in aquaporins: 2.5 Å X-ray structure of aquaporin Z. Public Library of Science Biology 1, E72.
114. SHI, L. B., SKACH, W. R. & VERKMAN, A. S. (1994). Functional independence of monomeric CHIP28 water channels revealed by expression of wild-type mutant heterodimers. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 10417-10422.
115. SIDEL, V. W. & SOLOMON, A. K. (1957). Entrance of water into human red cells under an osmotic pressure gradient. Journal of General Physiology 41, 243-257.
116. SMITH, B. L. & AGRE, P. (1991). Erythrocyte Mr 28,000 transmembrane protein exists as a multisubunit oligomer similar to channel proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 6407-6415.
117. SMITH, D. R., DOUCETTE-STAMM, L. A., DELOUGHERY, C., LEE, H., DUBOIS, J., ALDREDGE, T., BASHIRZADEH, R., BLAKELY, D., COOK, R., GILBERT, K., HARRISON, D., HOANG, L., KEAGLE, P., LUMM, W., POTHIER, B., QIU, D., SPADAFORA, R., VICAIRE, R., WANG, Y., WIERZBOWSKI, J., GIBSON, R., JIWANI, N., CARUSO, A., BUSH, D., REEVE, J. N., et al. (1997). Complete genome sequence of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum deltaH: functional analysis and comparative genomics. Journal of Bacteriology 179, 7135-7155.
118. SOLOMON, A. K., CHASAN, B., DIX, J. A., LUKACOVIC, M. F., TOON, M. R. & VERKMAN, A. S. (1983). The aqueous pore in the red cell membrane: band 3 as a channel for anions, cations, nonelectrolytes, and water. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 414, 97-124.
119. STRANGE, K., WILLINGHAM, M. C., HANDLER, J. S. & HARRIS JR., H. W. (1988). Apical membrane endocytosis via coated pits is stimulated by removal of antidiuretic hormone from isolated, perfused rabbit cortical collecting tubule. Journal of Membrane Biology 103, 17-28.
120. STROUD, R. M., MIERCKE, L. J., O'CONNELL, J., KHADEMI, S., LEE, J. K., REMIS, J., HARRIES, W., ROBLES, Y. & AKHAVAN, D. (2003a). Glycerol facilitator GlpF and the associated aquaporin family of channels. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 13, 424-431.
121. STROUD, R. M., SAVAGE, D., MIERCKE, L. J., LEE, J. K., KHADEMI, S. & HARRIES, W. (2003b). Selectivity and conductance among the glycerol and water conducting aquaporin family of channels. FEBS Letters 555, 79-84.
122. SUI, H., HAN, B. G., LEE, J. K., WALIAN, P. & JAP, B. K. (2001). Structural basis of water-specific transport through the AQP1 water channel. Nature 414, 872-878.
123. TAJKHORSHID, E., NOLLERT, P., JENSEN, M. O., MIERCKE, L. J., O'CONNELL, J., STROUD, R. M. & SCHULTEN, K. (2002). Control of the selectivity of the aquaporin water channel family by global orientational tuning. Science 296, 525-530.
124. TAKEMOTO, L., TAKEHANA, M. & HORWITZ, J. (1986). Covalent changes in MIP26K during aging of the human lens membrane. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences 27, 443-446.
125. TORNROTH-HORSEFIELD, S., WANG, Y., HEDFALK, K., JOHANSON, U., KARLSSON, M., TAJKHORSHID, E., NEUTZE, R. & KJELLBOM, P. (2006). Structural mechanism of plant aquaporin gating. Nature 439, 688-694.
126. TOURNAIRE-ROUX, C., SUTKA, M., JAVOT, H., GOUT, E., GERBEAU, P., LUU, D. T., BLIGNY, R. & MAUREL, C. (2003). Cytosolic pH regulates root water transport during anoxic stress through gating of aquaporins. Nature 425, 393-397.
127. TSUKAGUCHI, H., SHAYAKUL, C., BERGER, U. V., MACKENZIE, B., DEVIDAS, S., GUGGINO, W. B., VAN HOEK, A. N. & HEDIGER, M. A. (1998). Molecular characterization of a broad selectivity neutral solute channel. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, 24737-24743.
128. USSING, H. H. (1965). Transport of electrolytes and water across epithelia. Harvey Lecture 59, 1-30.
129. VARADARAJ, K., KUMARI, S., SHIELS, A. & MATHIAS, R. T. (2005). Regulation of aquaporin water permeability in the lens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences 46, 1393-1402.
130. VARADARAJ, K., KUSHMERICK, C., BALDO, G. J., BASSNETT, S., SHIELS, A. & MATHIAS, R. T. (1999). The role of MIP in lens fiber cell membrane transport. Journal of Membrane Biology 170, 191-203.
131. VERKMAN, A. S. (2005). More than just water channels: unexpected cellular roles of aquaporins. Journal of Cell Science 118, 3225-3232.
132. WADE, J. B., STETSON, D. L. & LEWIS, S. A. (1981). ADH action: evidence for a membrane shuttle mechanism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 372, 106-117.
133. WALZ, T., HIRAI, T., MURATA, K., HEYMANN, J. B., MITSUOKA, K., FUJIYOSHI, Y., SMITH, B. L., AGRE, P. & ENGEL, A. (1997). The three-dimensional structure of aquaporin-1. Nature 387, 624-627.
134. WALZ, T., SMITH, B. L., AGRE, P. & ENGEL, A. (1994b). The three-dimensional structure of human erythrocyte aquaporin CHIP. EMBO Journal 13, 2985-2993.
135. WALZ, T., SMITH, B. L., ZEIDEL, M. L., ENGEL, A. & AGRE, P. (1994a). Biologically active two-dimensional crystals of aquaporin CHIP. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 1583-1586.
136. WALZ, T., TYPKE, D., SMITH, B. L., AGRE, P. & ENGEL, A. (1995). Projection map of aquaporin-1 determined by electron crystallography. Nature Structural Biology 2, 730-732.
137. WANG, Y., SCHULTEN, K. & TAJKHORSHID, E. (2005). What makes an aquaporin a glycerol channel? A comparative study of AqpZ and GlpF. Structure 13, 1107-1118.
138. WISTOW, G. J., PISANO, M. M. & CHEPELINSKY, A. B. (1991). Tandem sequence repeats in transmembrane channel proteins. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 16, 170-171.
139. YANG, B. & VERKMAN, A. S. (1997). Water and glycerol permeabilities of aquaporins 1-5 and MIP determined quantitatively by expression of epitope-tagged constructs in Xenopus oocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, 16140-16146.
140. YANO, M., MARINELLI, R. A., ROBERTS, S. K., BALAN, V., PHAM, L., TARARA, J. E., DE GROEN, P. C. & LARUSSO, N. F. (1996). Rat hepatocytes transport water mainly via a non-channel-mediated pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 6702-6707.
141. YASUI, M., HAZAMA, A., KWON, T. H., NIELSEN, S., GUGGINO, W. B. & AGRE, P. (1999a). Rapid gating and anion permeability of an intracellular aquaporin. Nature 402, 184-187.
142. YASUI, M., KWON, T. H., KNEPPER, M. A., NIELSEN, S. & AGRE, P. (1999b). Aquaporin-6: an intracellular vesicle water channel protein in renal epithelia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96, 5808-5813.
143. ZAMPIGHI, G., SIMON, S. A., ROBERTSON, J. D., MCINTOSH, T. J. & COSTELLO, M. J. (1982). On the structural organization of isolated bovine lens fiber junctions. Journal of Cell Biology 93, 175-189.
144. ZAMPIGHI, G. A., HALL, J. E., EHRING, G. R. & SIMON, S. A. (1989). The structural organization and protein composition of lens fiber junctions. Journal of Cell Biology 108, 2255-2275.
145. ZAMPIGHI, G. A., HALL, J. E. & KREMAN, M. (1985). Purified lens junctional protein forms channels in planar lipid films. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 82, 8468-8472.
146. ZEIDEL, M. L., AMBUDKAR, S. V., SMITH, B. L. & AGRE, P. (1992). Reconstitution of functional water channels in liposomes containing purified red cell CHIP28 protein. Biochemistry 31, 7436-7440.
147. ZEIDEL, M. L., NIELSEN, S., SMITH, B. L., AMBUDKAR, S. V., MAUNSBACH, A. B. & AGRE, P. (1994). Ultrastructure, pharmacologic inhibition, and transport selectivity of aquaporin channel-forming integral protein in proteoliposomes. Biochemistry 33, 1606-1615.
148. ZELENINA, M., ZELENIN, S., BONDAR, A. A., BRISMAR, H. & APERIA, A. (2002). Water permeability of aquaporin-4 is decreased by protein kinase C and dopamine. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology 283, F309-318.
149. +. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 21631-21636.
150. ZHANG, R., VAN HOEK, A. N., BIWERSI, J. & VERKMAN, A. S. (1993a). A point mutation at cysteine 189 blocks the water permeability of rat kidney water channel CHIP28k. Biochemistry 32, 2938-2941.
151. ZHANG, R., SKACH, W., HASEGAWA, H., VAN HOEK, A. N. & VERKMAN, A. S. (1993b). Cloning, functional analysis and cell localization of a kidney proximal tubule water transporter homologous to CHIP28. Journal of Cell Biology 120, 359-369.
152. ZHANG, R. B., LOGEE, K. A. & VERKMAN, A. S. (1990). Expression of mRNA coding for kidney and red cell water channels in Xenopus oocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 15375-15378.