The extracellular matrix of blood vessels

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Volumn 15, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1385-1400

  Eble, Johannes A ^a   Niland, Stephan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FRANKFURT   (Germany)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Blood vessel; Endothelial cells; Extracellular matrix; Vascular smooth muscle cells

Indexed keywords

ANGIOPOIETIN; BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; COLLAGEN TYPE 4; ELASTIN; FIBRILLIN 1; FIBULIN 5; LAMININ; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; PERLECAN; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; PROTEIN LYSINE 6 OXIDASE; SYNDECAN; THROMBOSPONDIN; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 2; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 3; VASCULOTROPIN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR;

ADVENTITIA; ANGIOGENESIS; AORTA SUPRAVALVULAR STENOSIS; ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; BLOOD VESSEL FUNCTION; CANCER GROWTH; CELL ADHESION; CELL COMPARTMENTALIZATION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL INFILTRATION; CELL MATURATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; EHLERS DANLOS SYNDROME; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; INTIMA; MARFAN SYNDROME; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; PULSATILE FLOW; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE; VASOCONSTRICTION; WOUND HEALING;

ANIMALS; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; BLOOD VESSELS; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HUMANS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC;

EID: 65649147889     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138161209787846757     Document Type: Review

References (201)

1. Gartner LP, Hiat JL. Color atlas of histology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1994; 144-61,
2. Kalluri R. Basement membranes: structure, assembly and role in tumor angiogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2003; 3: 422-33.
3. LeBleu VS, MacDonald B, Kalluri R. Structure and function of basement membranes. Exp Biol Med 2007; 232: 1121-9.
4. Iozzo RV. Basement membrane proteoglycans: from cellar to ceiling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005; 6: 646-56.
5. Prockop DJ, Kivirikko KI. Collagens: molecular biology, diseases, and potentials for therapy. Annu Rev Biochem 1995; 64: 403-34.
6. Myllyharju J, Kivirikko K. Collagens, modifying enzymes and their mutations in humans, flies and worms. Trends in Genetics 2004; 20: 33-43.
7. Kramer JM. In: Moerman DG, Ed. The C elegans Research Community: WormBook 2005; 1-13.
8. Katsuda S, Kaji T. Atherosclerosis and extracellular matrix. J Atheroscler Throm 2003; 10: 267-74.
9. Plenz GA, Deng MC, Robenek K, Völker W. Vascular collagens: spotlight on the role of type VIII collagen in atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2003; 166: 1-11.
10. Kühn K. Basement membrane (type IV) collagen. Matrix Biol 1994; 14: 439-45.
11. Hudson BG, Tryggvason K, Sundaramoorthy M, Neilson EG. Alport's syndrome, Goodpasture's syndrome, and type IV collagen. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2543-56.
12. Pöschl E, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Brachvogel B, Saito K, Ninmiya Y, Mayer U. Collagen IV is essential for basement membrane stability but dispensible for initiation of its assembly during early development. Development 2003; 131: 1619-28.
13. Marneros AG, Olson BR. Physiological role of collagen XVIII and endostatin. FASEB J 2005; 19: 716-28.
14. Pulkkinen L, Uitto J. Mutation analysis and molecular genetics of epidermolysis bullosa. Matrix Biol 1999; 18: 29-42.
15. Smyth N, Vatansever HS, Murray P, Meyer M, Frie C, Paulsson M, et al. Absence of basement membranes after targeting the LAMC1 gene results in embryonic lethality due to failure of endoderm differentiation. J Cell Biol 1999; 144: 151-60.
16. Aumailley M, Smyth N. The role of laminins in basement membrane function. J Anat 1998; 193: 1-21.
17. Colognato H, Yurchenco PD. Form and function: the laminin family of heterotrimers. Dev Dyn 2000; 218: 213-34.
18. Timpl R, Tisi D, Talts JF, Andac Z, Sasaki T, Hohenester E. Structure and function of laminin LG modules. Matrix Biol 2000; 19: 309-17.
19. Belkin AM, Stepp MA. Integrins as receptors for laminins. Microsc Res techn 2000; 51: 280-301.
20. Hemler ME. Dystroglycan versatility. Cell 1999; 97: 543-6.
21. Hallmann R, Horn N, Selg M, Wendler O, Pausch F, Sorokin LM. Expression and functions of laminins in the embryonic and mature vasculature. Physiol Rev 2005; 85: 979-1000.
22. Beauvais DM, Rapraeger AC. Syndecans in tumor cell adhesion and signaling. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:
23. Miner JH, Yurchenco PD. Laminin function in tissue morphogenesis. Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol 2004; 20: 255-84.
24. Aumailley M, Battaglia C, Mayer U, Nischt R, Timpl R, Fox J. Nidogen mediates the formation of ternary complexes of basement membrane components. Kidney Int 1993; 43: 7-12.
25. Ho MS, Bose K, Mokkapati S, Nischt R, Smyth N. Nidogens - Extracellular matrix linker molecules. Microsc Res Tech 2008; 71: 387-95.
26. Kohfeldt E, Sasaki T, Gohring W, Timpl R. Nidogen-2: a new basement membrane protein with diverse binding properties. J Mol Biol 1998; 282: 99-109.
27. Salmavirta K, Talts JS, Olsson M, Sasaki T, Timpl R, Ekblom P. Binding of mouse nidogen-2 to basement membrane components and cells and its expression in embryonic and adult tissues suggest complementary functions of the two nidogens. Exp Cell Res 2002; 279: 188-201.
28. Bader BL, Smyth N, Nedbal S, Miosge N, Baranowsky A, Mokkopati S, et al. Compound genetic ablation of nidogen 1 and 2 causes basement membrane defects and perinatal lethality in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25: 6846-56.
29. Bix G, Iozzo RV. Novel interactions of perlecan: unraveling perlecan's role in angiogenesis. Microsc Res Tech 2008; 71: 339-48.
30. Farach-Carson MC, Carson DD. Perlecan - a multifunctional extracellular proteoglycan scaffold. Glycobiol 2007; 17: 897-905.
31. Knox SM, Whitelock JM. Perlecan: how does one molcule do so many things ? Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 63: 2435-45.
32. Segev A, Nili N, Strauss BH. The role of perlecan in arterial injury and angiogenesis. Cardivasc Res 2004; 63: 603-10.
33. Zhou Z, Wang J, Cao R, Morita H, Soininen R, Chan KM, et al. Impaired angiogenesis, delayed wound healing and retarded tumor growth in perlecan heparan sulfate-deficient mice. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 4699-702.
34. Woodall BP, Nyström A, Iozzo RA, Eble JA, Niland S, Krieg T, et al. Integrin α2β1 is the required receptor for endorepellin angiostatic activity. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 2335-43.
35. Costell M, Gustafsson E, Aszodi A, Morgelin M, Bloch W, Hunziker E, et al. Perlecan maintains the integrity of cartilage and some basement membranes. J Cell Biol 1999; 147: 1109-22.
36. Gustafsson E, Fassler R. Insights into extracellular matrix functions from mutant mouse models. Exp Cell Res 2000; 261: 52-68.
37. Arilawa-Hirasawa E-, Wilcox WR, Yamada Y. Dyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman-Handmaker type: unexpected role of perlecan in cartilage development. Am J Med Genet 2001; 106: 254-7.
38. Stum M, Davoine CS, Vicart S, Guillot-Noel L, Topaloglu H, Carod-Artal FJ, et al. Spectrum of HSPG2 (perlecan) mutations in patients with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. Hum Mutat 2006; 27: 1082-91.
39. Bradshaw AD, Sage EH. SPARC, a matricellular protein that functions in cellular differentiation and tissue response to injury. J Clin Invest 2001; 107: 1049-54.
40. Phan E, Ahluwalia A, Tamawaski AS. Role of SPARC - matricellular protein in pathophysiology and tissue injury healing. Implications for gastritis and gastric ulcers. Med Sci Monit 2007; 13: RA25-30.
41. Adams JC, Lawler J. Molecules in focus: The thrombospondins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36: 961-8.
42. Okamoto H. Osteopontin and cardiovascular system. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 300: 1-7.
43. Blann AD. Plasma von Willebrand factor, thrombosis, and the endothelium: the first 30 years. Thromb Haemost 2006; 95: 49-55.
44. Ruggeri ZM. Von Willebrand factor, platelets and endothelial cell interactions. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1: 1335-42.
45. Wagner DD. Cell biology of the von Willebrand factor. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1990; 6: 217-46.
46. Siedlecki CA, Lestini BJ, Kottke-Marchant KK. Shear-dependent changes in the three-dimensional structure of human von Willebrand factor. Blood 1996; 88: 2939-50.
47. Schneider SW, Nuschele S, Wixforth A, Gorzelanny C, Alexander-Katz A, Netz RR, et al. Shear-induced unfolding triggers adhesion of von Willebrand factor fibers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 104: 7899-903.
48. Franchini M, Lippi G. Von Willebrand factor and thrombosis. Ann Haematol 2006; 85: 415-23.
49. Tsai H-M. The molecular biology of thrombotic microangiopathy. Kidney Intern 2006; 70: 16-23.
50. Nieswandt B, Watson SP. Platelet-collagen interaction: is GPVI the central receptor? Blood 2003; 102: 449-61.
51. Hynes RO. Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. Cell 2002; 110: 673-87.
52. Xiong J-P, Stehle T, Diefenbach B, Zhang R, Dunker R, Scott DL, et al. Crystal structure of the extracellular segment of integrin αVβ3. Science 2001; 294: 339-45.
53. Xiong J-P, Stehle T, Zhang R, Joachimiak A, Frech M, Goodman S, et al. Crystal structure of the extracellular segment of integrin αVβ3 in complex with Arg-Gly-Asp ligand. Science 2002; 296: 151-5.
54. Arnaout MA, Mahalingam B, Xiong J-P. Integrin structure, allostery, and bidirectional signaling. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2005; 21: 381-410.
55. Giancotti F, Ruoslahti E. Integrin signaling. Science 1999; 285: 1028-32.
56. Wallez Y, Huber P. Endothelial adherens and tight junctions in vascular homeostasis, inflammation and angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Acta 2008; 1778: 794-809.
57. Methe H, Hess S, Edelman ER. Endothelial immunogenicity - a matter of matrix microarchitecture. Thromb Haemost 2007; 98: 278-82.
58. Orpana A, Ranta V, Mikkola T, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O. Inducible nitrice oxide and prostacyclin productions are differently controlled by extracellular matrix and cell density in human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 1997; 64: 538-46.
59. Alexopoulou AN, Multhaupt HA, Couchman JR. Syndecans in wound healing, inflammation and vascular biology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 39: 505-28.
60. Götte M, Joussen AM, Klein C, Andre P, Wagner DD, Hinkes MT, et al. Role of syndecan-1 in leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the ocular vasculature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43: 1135-41.
61. Elenius V, Gotte M, Reizes O, Elenius K, Bernfield M. Inhibition by the soluble syndecan-1 ectodomains delays wound repair in mice overexpressing syndecan-1. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 41928-35.
62. Chen E, Hermanson S, Ekker SC. Syndecan-2 is essential for angiogenic sprouting during zebrafish development. Blood 2004; 103: 1710-9.
63. Echtermeyer F, Streit M, Wilcox-Adelman S, Saoncella S, Denhez F, Detmar M, et al. Delayed wound repair and impaired angiogenesis in mice lacking syndecan-4. J Clin Invest 2001; 107: R9-14.
64. Vestweber D. Adhesion and signaling molecules controlling the transmigration of leukocytes through endothelium. Immunol Rev 2007; 218: 178-96.
65. Wang S, Voisin M-B, Larbi KY, Dangerfield J, Scheiermann C, Tran M, et al. Venular basement membranes contain specific matrix protein low expression regions that act as exit points for emigrating neutrophils. J Exp Med 2006; 6: 1519-32.
66. Sixt M, Engelhardt B, Pausch F, Hallmann R, Wendler O, Sorokin LM. Endothelial cell laminin isoforms, laminin 8 and 10, play decisive roles in T cell recruitment across the blood-brain barrier in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Cell Biol 2001; 153: 933-45.
67. Virtanen I, Banerjee M, Palgi I, Korsgren O, Lukinius A, Thornell L-E, et al. Blood vessels of human islets of Langerhans are surrounded by a double basement membrane. Diabetologia 2008; 51: 1181-91.
68. Koch M, Olson PF, Albus A, Jin W, Hunter DD, Brunken WJ, et al. Characterization and expression of the laminin γ3 chain: a novel, non-basement membrane-associated, laminin chain. J Cell Biol 1991; 145: 605-17.
69. Del Zoppo GJ, Milner R. Integrin-matrix interactions in the cerebral microvasculature. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26: 1966-75.
70. Bogenrieder T, Herlyn M. Axis of evil: molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2003; 22: 6524-36.
71. Kurschat P, Mauch C. Mechanisms of metastasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000; 25: 482-9.
72. Hood JD, Cheresh DA. Role of integrins in cell invasion and migration. Nat Rev Cancer 2002; 2: 91-100.
73. Brakebusch C, Bouvard D, Stanchi F, Sakai T, Fassler R. Integrins in invasive growth. J Clin Invest 2002; 109: 999-1006.
74. Nagase H, Visse R, Murphy G. Structure and function of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 69: 562-73.
75. Eble JA, Haier J. Integrins in cancer treatment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2006; 6: 89-105.
76. White J. Snake venoms and coagulopathy. Toxicon 2005; 45: 951-67.
77. Gutiérrez JM, Rucavado A, Escalante T, Díaz C. Hemorrhage induced by snake venom metalloproteinases: biochemical and biophysical mechanisms involved in microvessel damage. Toxicon 2005; 45: 997-1011.
78. Wijeyewickrema L, Berndt MC, Andrews RK. Snake venom probes of platelet adhesion receptors and their ligands. Toxicon 2005; 45: 1051-61.
79. Mithieux SM, Weiss AS. Elastin. Adv Protein Chem 2005; 70: 437-61.
80. Wise SG, Weiss AS. Tropoelastin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; in press:
81. Kielty CM. Elastic fibres in health and disease. Expert Rev Mol Med 2006; 8: 1-23.
82. Pastel A, Fine B, Sandig M, Mequanint K. Elastin biosynthesis: the missing link in tissue-engineered blood vessels. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 71: 40-9.
83. Brooke BS, Karnik SK, Li DY. Extracellular matrix in vascular morphogenesis and disease: structure versus signal. Trends Cell Biol 2003; 13: 51-6.
84. Rodgers UR, Weiss AS. Cellular interactions with elastin. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2005; 53: 390-8.
85. Li DY, Brooke B, Davis EC, Mecham RP, Sorenson LK, Boak BB, et al. Elastin is an essential determinant in elastic morphogenesis. Nature 1998; 393: 276-80.
86. Brooke BS, Bayes-Genis A, Li DY. New insights into elastin and vascular disease. Trend Cardiovasc Med 2003; 13: 176-81.
87. Li DY. Elastin point mutations cause an obstructive vascular disease, supravalvular aortic stenosis. Hum Mol Gen 1997; 6: 1021-8.
88. Ross R. Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 115-26.
89. Hubmacher D, Tiedemann K, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillins: from biogenesis of microfibrils to signaling functions. Curr Topics Develop Biol 2006; 75: 93-123.
90. Hubmacher D, El-Hallous EI, Nelea V, Kaartinen MT, Lee ER, Reinhardt DR. Biogenesis of extracellular microfibrils: multimerization of the fibrillin-1 C terminus into bead-like structures enables self-assembly Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 6548-53.
91. Robinson PN, Arteaga-Solis E, Baldock C, Collod-Beroud G, Booms P, De Paepe A, et al. The molecular genetics of Marfan syndrome and related disorders. J Med Genet 2006; 43(10): 769-87.
92. Rifkin DB. Latent TGF-beta binding proteins: orchestrators of TGF-beta availability. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 7409-12.
93. Timpl R, Sasaki T, Kostka G, Chu M-L. Fibulins: a versatile family of extracellular matrix proteins. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003; 4: 479-89.
94. Giltay R, Timpl R, Kostka G. Sequence, recombinant expression and tissue localization of two novel extracellular matrix proteins, fibulin-3 and fibulin-4. Matrix Biol 1999; 18: 469-80.
95. McLaughlin PJ, Chen Q, Horiguchi M, Starcher BC, Stanton JB, Broekelmann TJ, et al. Targeted disruption of fibulin-4 abolishes elastogenesis and causes perinatal lethality in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26: 1700-9.
96. Nakamura T, Lozano PR, Ikeda Y, Iwanaga Y, Hinek A, Minamisawa S, et al. Fibulin-5/DANCE is essential for elastogenesis in vivo. Nature 2002; 415: 171-5.
97. Kostka G, Giltay R, Bloch W, Addicks K, Timpl R, Fassler R, et al. Perinatal lethality and endothelial cell abnormalities in several vessel components of fibulin-1 deficient mice Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21: 7025-34.
98. Hirai M, Ohbayashi T, Horiguchi M, Okawa K, Hagiwara A, Chien KR, et al. Fibulin-5/DANCE has an elastogenic organizer activity that is abrogated by proteolytic cleavage in vivo. J Cell Biol 2007; 176: 1061-71.
99. Colombatti A, Doliana R, Bot S, Canton A, Mongiat M, Mungiguerra G, et al. The EMILIN protein family. Matrix Biol 2000; 19: 289-301.
100. Jaenisch R, Harbers K, Schnieke A, Löhler J, Chumakov I, Jähner D, et al. Germline integration of Moloney murine leukemia virus at the Mov13 locus leads to recessive lethal mutation and early embryonic death. Cell 1983; 32: 209-16.
101. Kassner A, Hansen U, Miosge N, Reinhardt DP, Aigner T, Bruckner-Tuderman L, et al. Discrete integration of collagen XVI into tissue-specific collagen fibrils or beaded microfibrils. Matrix Biol 2003; 22: 131-43.
102. Grässel S, Unsöld C, Schäcke H, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Bruckner P. Collagen XVI is expressed by human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and is associated with the microfibrillar apparatus in the upper papillary dermis. Matrix Biol 1999; 18: 211-330.
103. Eble JA, Kassner A, Niland S, Mörgelin M, Grifka J, Grässel S. Collagen XVI harbors an integrin α1β1 recognition site in its C-terminal domains. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 25745-56.
104. Moiseeva EP. Adhesion receptors of vascular smooth muscle cells and their functions. Cadiovasc Res 2001; 52: 372-86.
105. Fauvel-Lafève F. Microfibrils from the arterial subendothelium. Int Rev Cytol 1999; 188: 1-40.
106. Dingemans KP, Teeling P, Lagendijk JH, Becker AE. Extracellular matrix of human aortic media: an ultrastructural histochemical and immunhistochemical study of the adult aortic media. Anat Rec 2000; 258: 1-14.
107. Lampe AK, Bushby KMD. Collagen VI related muscle disorders. J Med Genet 2005; 42: 673-85.
108. Thyberg J, Blomgren K, Roy J, Tran PK, Hedin U. Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells after arterial injury is associated with changes in the distribution of laminin and fibronectin. J Histochem Cytochem 1997; 45: 837-47.
109. Singh P, Reimer CL, Peters JH, Stepp MA, Hynes RO, Van de Winter L. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of integrins α9β1 and one of its ligands, the EIIIA segment of fibronectin, in cutaneous wound healing. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 123: 1176-81.
110. Gerhardt H, Semb H. Pericytes: gatekeepers in tumour cell metastasis? J Mol Med 2008; 86: 135-44.
111. Hall AP. Review of the pericyte during angiogenesis and its role in cancer and diabetic retinopathy. Toxicol Pathol 2006; 34: 763-75.
112. Adams RH, Alitalo K. Molecular regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Nat Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8: 464-78.
113. Wight TN, Merrilees MJ. Proteoglycans in atherosclerosis and restenosis: key roles for versican. Circ Res 2004; 94: 1158-67.
114. Isogai Z, Aspberg A, Keene DR, Ono RN, Reinhardt DR, Sakai LY. Versican interacts with fibrillin-1 and links extracellular microfibrils to other connective tissue networks. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 4565-72.
115. Aspberg A, Adam S, Kostka G, Timpl R, Heinegard D. Fibulin-1 is a ligand for the C-type lectin domains of aggregan and versican. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 20444-9.
116. Olin AI, Mörgelin M, Sasaki T, Timpl R, Heinegard D, Aspberg A. The proteoglycans aggregan and versican form networks with fibulin-2 through their lectin domain binding. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 1253-61.
117. Wu YJ, La Pierre DP, Wu J, Yee AJ, Yang BB. The interaction of versican with its binding partners. Cell Res 2005; 15: 483-94.
118. Jain RK. Molecular regulation of vessel maturation. Nat Med 2003; 9: 685-93.
119. Yancopoulos GD, Davis S, Gale NW, Rudge JS, Wiegand SJ, Holash J. Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation. Nature 2000; 407: 242-8.
120. Haas TL. Endothelial cell regulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 83: 1-7.
121. Hughes CCW. Endothelial-stromal interactions in angiogenesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2008; 15: 204-9.
122. Bellon G, Martiny L, Robinet A. Matrix metalloproteinases and matrikines in angiogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2004; 49: 203-20.
123. Ghajar CM, George SC, Putnam AJ. Matrix metalloproteinase control of capillary morphogenesis. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2008; 18: 251-78.
124. Davis GE, Senger DR. Endothelial extracellular matrix: biosynthesis, remodeling, and functions during vascular morphogenesis and neovessel stabilization. Circ Res 2005; 97: 1093-107.
125. Hamano Y, Zeisberg M, Sugimoto H, Lively JC, Maeshima Y, Yang C, et al. Physiological levels of tumstatin, a fragment of collagen IV alpha3 chain, are generated by MMP-9 proteolysis and suppress angiogenesis via alphaV beta3 integrin. Cancer Cell 2003; 3: 589-601.
126. Hynes RO. Cell-matrix adhesion in vascular development. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5: 32-40.
127. Silletti S, Kessler T, Goldberg J, Boger DL, Cheresh DA. Disruption of matrix metalloproteinase 2 binding to integrin αvβ3 by an organic molecule inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 119-24.
128. Twardowski T, Fertala A, Orgel JP, San Antonio JD. Type I collagen and collagen mimetics as angiogenesis promoting superpolymers. Curr Pharm Des 2007; 13: 3608-21.
129. Rhodes JM, Simons M. The extracellular matrix and blood vessel formation: not just a scaffold. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11: 176-205.
130. Whelan MC, Senger DR, Sage EH. Collagen I initiates endothelial cell morphogenesis by inducing actin polymerization through suppression of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 37895-901.
131. Gerhardt H, Golding M, Fruttiger M, Ruhrberg C, Lundkvist A, Abramsson A, et al. VEGF guides angiogenic sprouting utilizing endothelial tip cell filopodia. J Cell Biol 2003; 161: 1163-77.
132. Ruhrberg C, Gerhardt H, Golding M, Watson R, Ioannidou S, Fujisawa H, et al. Spatially restricted patterning cues provided by heparin-binding VEGF-A control blood vessel branching morphogenesis. Genes Dev 2002; 16: 2684-98.
133. Hellström M, Phng LK, Hofmann JJ, Wallgard E, Coultas L, Lindblom P, et al. Dll4 signalling through Notch1 regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis. Nature 2007; 445: 776-80.
134. Yana I, Sagara H, Takaki S, Takatsu K, Nakamura K, Nakao K, et al. Crosstalk between neovessels and mural cells directs the site-specific expression of MT1-MMP to endothelial tip cells. J Cell Sci 2007; 120: 1607-14.
135. Saunders WB, Bohnsack BL, Faske JB, Anthis NJ, Bayless KJ, Hirschi KK, et al. Coregulation of vascular tube stabilization by endothelial cell TIMP-2 and pericyte TIMP-3. J Cell Biol 2006; 175: 179-91.
136. Davis GE, Bayless KJ, Mavila A. Molecular basis of endothelial cell morphogenesis in three-dimensional collagen matrices. Anat Rec 2002; 268: 252-75.
137. Davis GE, Camarillo CW. An α2β1 integrin-dependent pinocytic mechanism involving vacuole formation and coalescence regulates capillary lumen and tube formation in three-dimensional collagen matrix. Exp Cell Res 1996; 224: 39-51.
138. Kamei M, Saunders WB, Bayless KJ, Dye L, Davis GE, Weinstein BM. Endothelial tubes assemble from intracellular vacuoles in vivo. Nature 2006; 442: 453-6.
139. Davis GE, Bayless KJ. An integrin and Rho GTPase-dependent pinocytic vacuole mechanism controls capillary lumen formation in collagen and fibrin matrices. Microcirculation 2003; 10: 27-44.
140. Davis GE, Saunders WB. Molecular balance of capillary tube formation versus regression in wound repair: role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2006; 2006: 44-56.
141. Miner JH. Laminins and their roles in mammals. Microsc Res Tech 2008; 71: 349-56.
142. Yurchenco PD, Amenta PS, Patton BL. Basement membrane assembly, stability and activities observed through a developmental lens. Matrix Biol 2004; 22: 1677-85.
143. Neeman M, Gilad AA, Dafni H, Cohen B. Molecular imaging of angiogenesis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 25: 1-12.
144. Jain RK. Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 2005; 307: 58-62.
145. Benjamin LE, Hemo I, Keshet E. A plasticity window for blood vessel remodelling is defined by pericyte coverage of the preformed endothelial network and is regulated by PDGF-B and VEGF. Development 1998; 125: 1591-8.
146. Krishnan L, Underwood CJ, Maas S, Ellis BJ, Kode TC, Hoying JB, et al. Effect of mechanical boundary conditions on orientation of angiogenic microvessels. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 78: 324-32.
147. Gamble JR, Drew J, Trezise L, Underwood A, Parsons M, Kasminkas L, et al. Angiopoietin-1 is an antipermeability and anti-inflammatory agent in vitro and targets cell junctions. Circ Res 2000; 87: 603-7.
148. Thurston G, Rudge JS, Ioffe E, Zhou H, Ross L, Croll SD, et al. Angiopoietin-1 protects the adult vasculature against plasma leakage. Nat Med 2000; 6: 460-3.
149. Thurston G, Suri C, Smith K, McClain J, Sato TN, Yancopoulos GD, et al. Leakage-resistant blood vessels in mice transgenically overexpressing angiopoietin-1. Science 1999; 286: 2511-4.
150. Lindblom P, Gerhardt H, Liebner S, Abramsson A, Enge M, Hellstrom M, et al. Endothelial PDGF-B retention is required for proper investment of pericytes in the microvessel wall. Genes Dev 2003; 17: 1835-40.
151. Abramsson A, Kurup S, Busse M, Yamada S, Lindblom P, Schallmeiner E, et al. Defective N-sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans limits PDGF-BB binding and pericyte recruitment in vascular development. Genes Dev 2007; 21: 316-31.
152. Kurup S, Abramsson A, Li JP, Lindahl U, Kjellen L, Betsholtz C, et al. Heparan sulphate requirement in platelet-derived growth factor B-mediated pericyte recruitment. Biochem Soc Trans 2006; 34: 454-5.
153. Lehti K, Allen E, Birkedal-Hansen H, Holmbeck K, Miyake Y, Chun TH, et al. An MT1-MMP-PDGF receptor-β axis regulates mural cell investment of the microvasculature. Genes Dev 2005; 19: 979-91.
154. Hoffmann J, Feng Y, vom Hagen F, Hillenbrand A, Lin J, Erber R, et al. Endothelial survival factors and spatial completion, but not pericyte coverage of retinal capillaries determine vessel plasticity. FASEB J 2005; 19: 2035-6.
155. Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 1011-27.
156. Ladomery MR, Harper SJ, Bates DO. Alternative splicing in angiogenesis: the vascular endothelial growth factor paradigm. Cancer Lett 2007; 249: 133-42.
157. Shibuya M, Claesson-Welsh L. Signal transduction by VEGF receptors in regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312: 549-60.
158. Shibuya M. Vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent and - independent regulation of angiogenesis. BMB Rep 2008; 41: 278-86.
159. Veikkola T, Jussila L, Makinen T, Karpanen T, Jeltsch M, Petrova TV, et al. Signalling via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 is sufficient for lymphangiogenesis in transgenic mice. EMBO J 2001; 20: 1223-31.
160. Krishnan L, Hoying JB, Nguyen H, Song H, Weiss JA. Interaction of angiogenic microvessels with the extracellular matrix. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293: H3650-8.
161. Hawinkels LJ, Zuidwijk K, Verspaget HW, de Jonge-Muller ES, Duijn W, Ferreira V, et al. VEGF release by MMP-9 mediated heparan sulfate cleavage induces colorectal cancer angiogenesis. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44: 1904-13.
162. Sorokin LM, Pausch F, Frieser M, Kroger S, Ohage E, Deutzmann R. Developmental regulation of the laminin alpha5 chain suggests a role in epithelial and endothelial cell maturation. Dev Biol 1997; 189: 285-300.
163. Mao Y, Schwarzbauer JE. Fibronectin fibrillogenesis, a cell-mediated matrix assembly process. Matrix Biol 2005; 24: 389-99.
164. Wierzbicka-Patynowski I, Schwarzbauer JE. The ins and outs of fibronectin matrix assembly. J Cell Sci 2003; 116: 3269-76.
165. Peters JH, Hynes RO. Fibronectin isoform distribution in the mouse. I. The alternatively spliced EIIIB, EIIIA, and V segments show widespread codistribution in the developing mouse embryo. Cell Adhes Commun 1996; 4: 103-25.
166. Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Tenascins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36: 986-90.
167. Ohrend G, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. Adhesion modulation by antiadhesive molecules of the extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 2000; 261: 104-10.
168. Ballard VI, Sharma A, Duigan I, Holm JM, Chin A, Choi R, et al. Vascular tenascin-C regulates cardiac endothelial phenotype and neovascularization. FASEB J 2006; 20: 717-9.
169. Imanaka-Yoshida K, Hiroe M, Yoshida T. Interaction between cell and extracellular matrix in heart disease: multiple roles of tenascin-C in tissue remodeling. Histol Histopathol 2004; 19: 517-24.
170. Carlson CB, Lawler J, Mosher DF. Structures of thrombospondins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65: 672-86.
171. Lawler J, Detmar M. Tumor progression: the effects of thrombospondin-1 and -2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36: 1038-45.
172. Zhang X, Lawler J. Thrombospondin-based antiangiogenic therapy. Microvasc Res 2007; 74: 90-9.
173. Nyberg P, Xie L, Kalluri R. Endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 3967-79.
174. O'Reilly MS, Boehm T, Sing Y, Fukai N, Vasios G, Lane WS, et al. Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell 1997; 88: 277-85.
175. Wickström SA, Alitalo K, Keski-Oja J. Endostatin associates with lipid rafts and induces reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton via down-regulation of RhoA activity. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 37895-901.
176. Xu HL, Tan HN, Wang FS, Tang W. Research advances of endostatin and its short internal fragments. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2008; 9: 275-83.
177. Ramchandran R, Dhanabal M, Volk R, Waterman MJ, Segal M, Lu H, et al. Antiangiogenic activity of restin, NC10 domain of human collagen XV: comparison to endostatin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 255: 735-9.
178. Mongiat M, Sweeney SM, San Antonio JD, Fu J, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin, a novel inhibitor of angiogenesis derived from the C terminus of perlecan. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 4238-49.
179. Bix G, Fu J, Gonzalez EM, Macro L, Barker A, Campbell S, et al. Endorepellin causes endothelial cell disassembly of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions through alpha2beta1 integrin. J Cell Biol 2004; 166: 97-109.
180. Mundel TM, Kalluri R. Type IV collagen-derived angiogenesis inhibitors. Microvasc Res 2007; 74: 85-9.
181. Petitclerc E, Boutaud A, Prestayko A, Xu J, Sado Y, Ninomiya Y, et al. New functions for non-collagenous domains of human collagen type IV. Novel integrin ligands inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 8051-61.
182. Colorado PC, Torre A, Kamphaus G, Maeshima Y, Hopfer H, Takahashi K, et al. Anti-angiogenic cues from vascular basement membrane collagen. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 2520-6.
183. Kamphaus GD, Colorado PC, Panka DJ, Hopfer H, Ramchandran R, Torre A, et al. Canstatin, a novel matrix-derived inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 1209-15.
184. Magnon C, Galaup A, Mullan B, Rouffiac V, Bouquet C, Bidart JM, et al. Canstatin acts on endothelial and tumor cells via mitochondrial damage initiated through interaction with alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 4353-61.
185. Maeshima Y, Sudhakar A, Lively JC, Ueki K, Kharbanda S, Kahn CR, et al. Tumstatin, an endothelial cell-specific inhibitor of protein synthesis. Science 2002; 295: 140-3.
186. Sudhakar A, Boosani CS. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by tumstatin: insights into signaling mechanisms and implications in cancer regression. Pharm Res 2008; in press:
187. Xu R, Yao ZY, Xin L, Zhang Q, Li TP, Gan RB, et al. NC1 domain of human type VIII collagen (α1) inhibits bovine endothelial cell proliferation and causes cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289: 264-8.
188. Morla A, Ruoslahti E. A fibronectin self-assembly site involved in fibronectin matrix assembly: reconstruction in a synthetic peptide. J Cell Biol 1992; 118: 421-9.
189. Morla A, Zhang Z, Ruoslahti E. Superfibronectin is a functionally distinct form of fibronectin. Nature 1994; 367: 193-6.
190. Yi M, Ruoslahti E. A fibronectin fragment inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 620-4.
191. Ohashi T, Erickson HP. Domain unfolding plays a role in superfibronectin formation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 39143-51.
192. Ambesi A, Klein RM, Pumiglia KM, McKeown-Longo PJ. Anastellin, a fragment of the first type III repeat of fibronectin, inhibits extracellular signal-regulated kinase and causes G(1) arrest in human microvessel endothelial cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 148-56.
193. Wahl ML, Moser TL, Pizzo SV. Angiostatin and anti-angiogenic therapy in human disease. Recent Prog Horm Res 2004; 59: 73-104.
194. Antonicelli F, Bellon G, Debelle L, Hornebeck W. Elastin-elastases and inflamm-aging. Curr Top Dev Biol 2007; 79: 99-155.
195. Hornebeck W, Robinet A, Duca L, Antonicelli F, Wallach J, Bellon G. The elastin connection and melanoma progression. Anticancer Res 2005; 25: 2617-25.
196. Maquart FX, Bellon G, Pasco S, Monboisse JC. Matrikines in the regulation of extracellular matrix degradation. Biochimie 2005; 87: 353-60.
197. Brassart B, Fuchs P, Huet E, Alix AJ, Wallach J, Tamburro AM, et al. Conformational dependence of collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) up-regulation by elastin peptides in cultured fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 5222-7227.
198. Lombard C, Arzel L, Bouchu D, Wallach J, Saulnier J. Human leukocyte elastase hydrolysis of peptides derived from human elastin exon 24. Biochimie 2006; 88: 1915-21.
199. Fahem A, Robinet A, Cauchard JH, Duca L, Soula-Rothhut M, Rothhut B, et al. Elastokine-mediated up-regulation of MT1-MMP is triggered by nitric oxide in endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40: 1581-96.
200. Robinet A, Fahem A, Cauchard JH, Huet E, Vincent L, Lorimier S, et al. Elastin-derived peptides enhance angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis through upregulation of MT1-MMP. J Cell Sci 2005; 118: 343-56.
201. Choe YS, Lee KH. Targeted in vivo imaging of angiogenesis: present status and perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2007; 13: 17-31.