메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 1786-1798

Magnetoresistive random access memory: The path to competitiveness and scalability

Author keywords

Giant magnetoresistance; Magnetic random access memory (MRAM); Magnetic switching; Magnetic tunnel junction; Magnetoresistance; Nonvolatile memory; Spin polarization; Spin torque transfer; Tunneling magnetoresistance

Indexed keywords

GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC STORAGE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; RANDOM ACCESS STORAGE; SPIN POLARIZATION; TUNNEL JUNCTIONS; TUNNELLING MAGNETORESISTANCE;

EID: 57149128202     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2008.2004313     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (219)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 84867993259 scopus 로고
    • Magnetoelectronics
    • G. Prinz and K. Hathaway, "Magnetoelectronics," Phys. Today, vol. 48, p. 24, 1995.
    • (1995) Phys. Today , vol.48 , pp. 24
    • Prinz, G.1    Hathaway, K.2
  • 3
    • 0000488553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic tunneling applied to memory
    • J. M. Daughton, "Magnetic tunneling applied to memory," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 81, pp. 3758-3763, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Appl. Phys , vol.81 , pp. 3758-3763
    • Daughton, J.M.1
  • 4
    • 0032573499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetoelectronics
    • G. Prinz, "Magnetoelectronics," Science, vol. 282, p. 1660, 1998.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 1660
    • Prinz, G.1
  • 5
    • 0032226501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magneto-resistive IC memory limitations and architecture implications
    • presented at the, Albuquerque, NM, Jun. 22-24
    • R. E. Scheuerlein, "Magneto-resistive IC memory limitations and architecture implications," presented at the NCE 7th Biennial IEEE Int. Nonvolatile Memory Technol. Conf., Albuquerque, NM, Jun. 22-24, 1998.
    • (1998) NCE 7th Biennial IEEE Int. Nonvolatile Memory Technol. Conf
    • Scheuerlein, R.E.1
  • 6
    • 0035054710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 256 kb 3.0 V 1T1MTJ nonvolatile magnetoresistive RAM
    • Feb
    • P. K. Naji et al., "A 256 kb 3.0 V 1T1MTJ nonvolatile magnetoresistive RAM," in IEEE ISSC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2001, vol. 44.
    • (2001) IEEE ISSC Dig. Tech. Papers , vol.44
    • Naji, P.K.1
  • 8
    • 0034140524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetoelectronic memories last and last
    • M. Johnson, "Magnetoelectronic memories last and last," IEEE Spectrum, vol. 37, pp. 33-40, 2000.
    • (2000) IEEE Spectrum , vol.37 , pp. 33-40
    • Johnson, M.1
  • 14
    • 51549110664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STT-RAM: A new spin on universal memory
    • A. Driskill-Smith and Y. Huai, "STT-RAM: A new spin on universal memory," Future FAB Int., no. 23, pp. 28-32, 2007.
    • (2007) Future FAB Int , Issue.23 , pp. 28-32
    • Driskill-Smith, A.1    Huai, Y.2
  • 15
    • 57149141142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spin torque transfer switching of perpendicular magnetoresistive elements for high density MRAMs
    • presented at the, Madrid, Spain, paper FA04
    • H. Yoda et al., "Spin torque transfer switching of perpendicular magnetoresistive elements for high density MRAMs," presented at the Intermag 2008, Madrid, Spain, 2008, paper FA04.
    • (2008) Intermag 2008
    • Yoda, H.1
  • 19
    • 57149143975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W. J. Gallagher, S. S. P. Parkin, R. E. Scheuerlein, and J. Kaufman, Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) with diode-isolated circuit architecture, U.S. Patent 5 640 343, Jun. 17, 1997
    • W. J. Gallagher, S. S. P. Parkin, R. E. Scheuerlein, and J. Kaufman, "Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) with diode-isolated circuit architecture," U.S. Patent 5 640 343, Jun. 17, 1997.
  • 20
    • 34547602940 scopus 로고
    • Tunneling between ferromagnetic films
    • M. Julliere, "Tunneling between ferromagnetic films," Phys. Lett., vol. 54A, p. 225, 1975.
    • (1975) Phys. Lett , vol.54 A , pp. 225
    • Julliere, M.1
  • 23
    • 0000931090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 interfaces using copper-doped aluminum superconducting films, Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, p. 720, 2000.
    • 3 interfaces using copper-doped aluminum superconducting films," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 77, p. 720, 2000.
  • 24
    • 4444233280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 70% TMR at room temperature for SDT sandwich junctions with CoFeB as free and reference layers
    • D. Wang, C. Nordman, J. M. Daughton, Z. Qian, and J. Fink, "70% TMR at room temperature for SDT sandwich junctions with CoFeB as free and reference layers," IEEE Trans. Magn., 2004.
    • (2004) IEEE Trans. Magn
    • Wang, D.1    Nordman, C.2    Daughton, J.M.3    Qian, Z.4    Fink, J.5
  • 25
    • 10044257857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giant room-temperature magnetoresistance in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions
    • S. Yuasa et al., "Giant room-temperature magnetoresistance in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions," Nat. Mater., vol. 3, p. 868, 2004.
    • (2004) Nat. Mater , vol.3 , pp. 868
    • Yuasa, S.1
  • 26
    • 10044225881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giant tunnelling magnetoresistance at room temperature with MgO (100) tunnel barriers
    • S. S. P. Parkin et al., "Giant tunnelling magnetoresistance at room temperature with MgO (100) tunnel barriers," Nat. Mater., vol. 3, p. 862, 2004.
    • (2004) Nat. Mater , vol.3 , pp. 862
    • Parkin, S.S.P.1
  • 27
    • 17044387382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 230% room-temperature magnetoresistance in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions
    • D. D. Djayaprawira et al., "230% room-temperature magnetoresistance in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 86, p. 092 502, 2005.
    • (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.86 , pp. 092-502
    • Djayaprawira, D.D.1
  • 28
    • 0037560733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromagnetics of magnetoresistive random access memory
    • B. Hilebrands and K. Ounadjela, Eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer
    • J.-G. Zhu and Y. Zheng, "Micromagnetics of magnetoresistive random access memory," in Spin Dynamics in Confined Magnetic Structures I, B. Hilebrands and K. Ounadjela, Eds. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2001, pp. 289-325.
    • (2001) Spin Dynamics in Confined Magnetic Structures I , pp. 289-325
    • Zhu, J.-G.1    Zheng, Y.2
  • 31
    • 0000030490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching field variation in patterned submicron magnetic film elements
    • Apr
    • Y. F. Zheng and J.-G. Zhu, "Switching field variation in patterned submicron magnetic film elements," /. Appl. Phys., vol. 81, no. 8, pp. 5471-5473, Apr. 1997.
    • (1997) Appl. Phys , vol.81 , Issue.8 , pp. 5471-5473
    • Zheng, Y.F.1    Zhu, J.-G.2
  • 32
    • 0032120342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of end and edge shape on the performance of pseudo-spin valve memories
    • Jul
    • J. Gadbois, J.-G. Zhu, W. Vavra, and A. Hurst, "The effect of end and edge shape on the performance of pseudo-spin valve memories," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 34, pp. 1066-1068, Jul. 1998.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn , vol.34 , pp. 1066-1068
    • Gadbois, J.1    Zhu, J.-G.2    Vavra, W.3    Hurst, A.4
  • 33
    • 0032117416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • End domain states and magnetization reversal in submicron magnetic structures
    • Jul
    • J. Shi, T. Zhu, M. Durlam, E. Chen, S. Tehrani, Y. F. Zheng, and J.-G. Zhu, "End domain states and magnetization reversal in submicron magnetic structures," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 34, p. 997, Jul. 1998.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn , vol.34 , pp. 997
    • Shi, J.1    Zhu, T.2    Durlam, M.3    Chen, E.4    Tehrani, S.5    Zheng, Y.F.6    Zhu, J.-G.7
  • 34
    • 0032622041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetization vortices and anomalous switching in patterned NiFeCo submicron arrays
    • J. Shi, S. Tehrani, T. Zhu, Y. F. Zheng, and J. G. Zhu, "Magnetization vortices and anomalous switching in patterned NiFeCo submicron arrays," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 74, pp. 2525-2527, 1999.
    • (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.74 , pp. 2525-2527
    • Shi, J.1    Tehrani, S.2    Zhu, T.3    Zheng, Y.F.4    Zhu, J.G.5
  • 35
    • 0000241595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge pinned states in patterned submicron ultra-thin film magnetic structures
    • J. Shi and S. Tehrani, "Edge pinned states in patterned submicron ultra-thin film magnetic structures," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 77, pp. 1692-1694, 2000.
    • (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.77 , pp. 1692-1694
    • Shi, J.1    Tehrani, S.2
  • 36
    • 0038655425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the shape optimization of magnetic random access memory element design
    • May
    • X. Zhu and J.-G. Zhu, "On the shape optimization of magnetic random access memory element design," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 93, pp. 8376-8378, May 2003.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Phys , vol.93 , pp. 8376-8378
    • Zhu, X.1    Zhu, J.-G.2
  • 37
    • 57149146041 scopus 로고
    • Ultra high density, non-volatile ferromagnetic random access memory,
    • U.S. Patent 5 477 482
    • G. Prinz, "Ultra high density, non-volatile ferromagnetic random access memory," U.S. Patent 5 477 482, 1995.
    • (1995)
    • Prinz, G.1
  • 38
    • 0001534411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrahigh density vertical magnetoresistive random access memory
    • J.-G. Zhu, Y. Zheng, and G. A. Prinz, "Ultrahigh density vertical magnetoresistive random access memory," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 87, p. 6668, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Phys , vol.87 , pp. 6668
    • Zhu, J.-G.1    Zheng, Y.2    Prinz, G.A.3
  • 39
    • 33646718127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. T. Moneck and J.-G. Zhu, Fabrication and testing of deep submicron annular vertical magnetoresistive random access memory elements, J. Appl. Phys., 99, p. 08H709-1, 2006.
    • M. T. Moneck and J.-G. Zhu, "Fabrication and testing of deep submicron annular vertical magnetoresistive random access memory elements," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 99, p. 08H709-1, 2006.
  • 40
    • 20944433938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. M. Anderson, D. J. Brownell, G. A. Prinz, H. Huggins, L. V. Van, J. A. Christodoulides, and J.-G. Zhu, Address line-assisted switching of vertical magnetoresistive random access memory cells, /. Appl. Phys., 97, p. 10P504-1, 2005.
    • J. M. Anderson, D. J. Brownell, G. A. Prinz, H. Huggins, L. V. Van, J. A. Christodoulides, and J.-G. Zhu, "Address line-assisted switching of vertical magnetoresistive random access memory cells," /. Appl. Phys., vol. 97, p. 10P504-1, 2005.
  • 41
    • 0035794333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current-driven reversal in annular vertical giant magnetoresistive devices
    • K. Bussmann, G. A. Prinz, R. Bass, and J.-G. Zhu, "Current-driven reversal in annular vertical giant magnetoresistive devices," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 78, p. 2029, 2001.
    • (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.78 , pp. 2029
    • Bussmann, K.1    Prinz, G.A.2    Bass, R.3    Zhu, J.-G.4
  • 42
    • 34648821330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterned nanoring magnetic tunnel junctions
    • Z. C. Chen, H. X. Wei, and X. F. Han, "Patterned nanoring magnetic tunnel junctions," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, p. 122 511, 2007.
    • (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.91 , pp. 122-511
    • Chen, Z.C.1    Wei, H.X.2    Han, X.F.3
  • 43
    • 33846255406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic characterization and switching of Co nanorings in current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration
    • T. Yang, M. Hara, A. Hirohata, T. Kimura, and Y. Otani, "Magnetic characterization and switching of Co nanorings in current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 90, p. 022 504, 2007.
    • (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.90 , pp. 022-504
    • Yang, T.1    Hara, M.2    Hirohata, A.3    Kimura, T.4    Otani, Y.5
  • 44
    • 57149126827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic device and method for forming same,
    • U.S. Patent 6 391 483, May 21
    • J.-G. Zhu, Y. Zheng, and G. Prinz, "Magnetic device and method for forming same," U.S. Patent 6 391 483, May 21, 2002.
    • (2002)
    • Zhu, J.-G.1    Zheng, Y.2    Prinz, G.3
  • 45
    • 0032117122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of AP Bias in spin valve memory elements
    • Jul
    • J.-G. Zhu and Y. F. Zheng, "Characteristics of AP Bias in spin valve memory elements, " IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 34, pp. 1063-1065, Jul. 1998.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Magn , vol.34 , pp. 1063-1065
    • Zhu, J.-G.1    Zheng, Y.F.2
  • 46
    • 0001594255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spin valve and dual spin valve heads with synthetic antiferromagnets
    • Mar
    • J.-G. Zhu, "Spin valve and dual spin valve heads with synthetic antiferromagnets," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 35, pp. 655-660, Mar. 1999.
    • (1999) IEEE Trans. Magn , vol.35 , pp. 655-660
    • Zhu, J.-G.1
  • 47
    • 4143078433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitation of a magnetic multilayer by an electric current
    • M. Tsoi et al., "Excitation of a magnetic multilayer by an electric current," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 80, p. 4281, 1998.
    • (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.80 , pp. 4281
    • Tsoi, M.1
  • 48
    • 0032630388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current-drive magnetic switching in manganite trilayer junctions
    • J. Z. Sun, "Current-drive magnetic switching in manganite trilayer junctions," J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol. 202, p. 157, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater , vol.202 , pp. 157
    • Sun, J.Z.1
  • 49
    • 0033529526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current induced switching of domains in magnetic multilayer devises
    • E. B. Myers, D. C. Ralph, J. A. Katine, R. N. Louie, and R. A. Buhrman, "Current induced switching of domains in magnetic multilayer devises," Science, vol. 285, p. 867, 1999.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 867
    • Myers, E.B.1    Ralph, D.C.2    Katine, J.A.3    Louie, R.N.4    Buhrman, R.A.5
  • 50
    • 0141636577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current-driven magnetization reversal and spin-wave excitations in Co/Cu/Co pillars
    • J. A. Katine, J. F. Albert, R. A. Buhrman, E. B. Meyers, and D. C. Ralph, "Current-driven magnetization reversal and spin-wave excitations in Co/Cu/Co pillars," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 84, p. 3149, 2000.
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.84 , pp. 3149
    • Katine, J.A.1    Albert, J.F.2    Buhrman, R.A.3    Meyers, E.B.4    Ralph, D.C.5
  • 51
    • 0001317947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current
    • L. Berger, "Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 54, p. 9353, 1996.
    • (1996) Phys. Rev. B , vol.54 , pp. 9353
    • Berger, L.1
  • 52
    • 0030174367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers
    • J. C. Slonczewski, "Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers," J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol. 159, p. L1, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater , vol.159
    • Slonczewski, J.C.1
  • 53
    • 4444346633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-resolved reversal of spin-transfer switching in a nanomagnet
    • R. H. Koch, J. A. Katine, and J. Z. Sun, "Time-resolved reversal of spin-transfer switching in a nanomagnet," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 92, p. 088 302, 2004.
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.92 , pp. 088-302
    • Koch, R.H.1    Katine, J.A.2    Sun, J.Z.3
  • 54
    • 24344483936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal activation effect on spin transfer switching in magnetic tunnel junctions
    • Y. Higo et al., "Thermal activation effect on spin transfer switching in magnetic tunnel junctions," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 87, p. 082 502, 2005.
    • (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.87 , pp. 082-502
    • Higo, Y.1
  • 55
    • 2942546159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantial reduction of critical current for magnetization switching in an exchange-biased spin valve
    • Y. Jiang et al., "Substantial reduction of critical current for magnetization switching in an exchange-biased spin valve," Nat. Mater., vol. 3, p. 361, 2004.
    • (2004) Nat. Mater , vol.3 , pp. 361
    • Jiang, Y.1
  • 56
    • 0038317919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilayer configuration for experiments of spin precession induced by a dc current
    • L. Berger, "Multilayer configuration for experiments of spin precession induced by a dc current," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 93, pp. 7693-7695, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Phys , vol.93 , pp. 7693-7695
    • Berger, L.1
  • 57
    • 27944453473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spin transfer switching current reduction in magnetic tunnel junction based dual spin filter structures
    • Y. Huai, M. Pakala, Z. Diao, and Y. Ding, "Spin transfer switching current reduction in magnetic tunnel junction based dual spin filter structures," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 87, p. 222 510, 2005.
    • (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.87 , pp. 222-510
    • Huai, Y.1    Pakala, M.2    Diao, Z.3    Ding, Y.4
  • 58
    • 34047092256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spin transfer switching in dual MgO magnetic tunnel junctions
    • Z. Diao et al., "Spin transfer switching in dual MgO magnetic tunnel junctions," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 90, p. 132 508, 2007.
    • (2007) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.90 , pp. 132-508
    • Diao, Z.1
  • 59
    • 17044416758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Currents, torques, and polarization factors in magnetic tunnel junctions
    • J. C. Slonczewski, "Currents, torques, and polarization factors in magnetic tunnel junctions," Phys. Rev. B., vol. 71, p. 024 411, 2005.
    • (2005) Phys. Rev. B , vol.71 , pp. 024-411
    • Slonczewski, J.C.1
  • 60
    • 33646872649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spin-transfer switching in MgO magnetic tunnel junction nanostructures
    • Y. Huai, M. Pakala, Z. Diao, D. Apalkov, Y. Ding, and A. Panchula, "Spin-transfer switching in MgO magnetic tunnel junction nanostructures," J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol. 304, pp. 88-92, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Magn. Magn. Mater , vol.304 , pp. 88-92
    • Huai, Y.1    Pakala, M.2    Diao, Z.3    Apalkov, D.4    Ding, Y.5    Panchula, A.6
  • 61
    • 19744383264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical investigation of spin-transfer dynamics using a perpendicular-to-plane polarizer
    • K. J. Lee, O. Redon, and B. Dieny, "Analytical investigation of spin-transfer dynamics using a perpendicular-to-plane polarizer," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 86, p. 022 505, 2005.
    • (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.86 , pp. 022-505
    • Lee, K.J.1    Redon, O.2    Dieny, B.3
  • 62
    • 85008006263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spin torque and field-driven perpendicular MRAM designs scalable to multi-Gbi/chip capacity
    • X. Zhu and J.-G. Zhu, "Spin torque and field-driven perpendicular MRAM designs scalable to multi-Gbi/chip capacity," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 42, p. 2739, 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Magn , vol.42 , pp. 2739
    • Zhu, X.1    Zhu, J.-G.2
  • 63
    • 33644618420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current-induced magnetization reversal in nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy
    • S. Maggin, D. Ravelosona, J. A. Katine, M. J. Carey, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, "Current-induced magnetization reversal in nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy," Nat. Mater., vol. 5, p. 210, 2006.
    • (2006) Nat. Mater , vol.5 , pp. 210
    • Maggin, S.1    Ravelosona, D.2    Katine, J.A.3    Carey, M.J.4    Terris, B.D.5    Fullerton, E.E.6
  • 64
    • 33646399791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spin transfer in nanomagnetic devices with perpendicular anisotropy
    • H. Meng and J. P. Wang, "Spin transfer in nanomagnetic devices with perpendicular anisotropy," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 88, p. 172 506, 2005.
    • (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.88 , pp. 172-506
    • Meng, H.1    Wang, J.P.2
  • 67
    • 34248578513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • n multilayers, J. Appl. Phys., 101, p. 09D102, 2007.
    • n multilayers," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 101, p. 09D102, 2007.
  • 69
    • 57149139827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 0-FePt electrodes
    • presented at the, Madrid, Spain, paper AC-01
    • 0-FePt electrodes," presented at the Intermag 2008, Madrid, Spain, 2008, paper AC-01.
    • (2008) Intermag 2008
    • Yoshikawa, M.1
  • 70
    • 34249102492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of damping constant on magnetic switching in spin torque driven perpendicular MRAM
    • X. Zhu and J.-G. Zhu, "Effect of damping constant on magnetic switching in spin torque driven perpendicular MRAM," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 43, p. 2349, 2007.
    • (2007) IEEE Trans. Magn , vol.43 , pp. 2349
    • Zhu, X.1    Zhu, J.-G.2
  • 71
    • 77955108207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. T. Moneck and J.-G. Zhu, Spin transfer torque in deep submicron annular CPP-GMR devices, presented at the INTERMAG 2008, Paper No. AA-09 (to appear in IEEE Trans. Magn., 44, no. 11, 2008).
    • M. T. Moneck and J.-G. Zhu, "Spin transfer torque in deep submicron annular CPP-GMR devices," presented at the INTERMAG 2008, Paper No. AA-09 (to appear in IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 44, no. 11, 2008).
  • 72
    • 0141953921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A vertical MRAM free of write disturbance
    • X. Zhu and J.-G. Zhu, "A vertical MRAM free of write disturbance," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 39, p. 2854, 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Magn , vol.39 , pp. 2854
    • Zhu, X.1    Zhu, J.-G.2
  • 73
    • 57149142378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Patent 6 956 257 B2, Oct. 18, 2005
    • X. Zhu and J.-G. Zhu, U.S. Patent 6 956 257 B2, Oct. 18, 2005.
    • Zhu, X.1    Zhu, J.-G.2
  • 74
    • 57149124768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spin torque driven nano-spintronics devices,
    • Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Electr. and Comput. Eng, Carnegie-Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA
    • X. Zhu, "Spin torque driven nano-spintronics devices," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Electr. and Comput. Eng., Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Zhu, X.1
  • 75
    • 57149132105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nikkei Electronics Asia, IBM's Magnetic Race-Track Memory, May 2005, p. 48.
    • Nikkei Electronics Asia, IBM's Magnetic Race-Track Memory, May 2005, p. 48.
  • 76
    • 42049092112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current-controlled magnetic domain-wall nanowire shift register
    • M. Hayashi, L. Thomas, R. Moriya, C. Rettner, and S. S. P. Parkin, "Current-controlled magnetic domain-wall nanowire shift register," Science, vol. 320, p. 209, 2008.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 209
    • Hayashi, M.1    Thomas, L.2    Moriya, R.3    Rettner, C.4    Parkin, S.S.P.5
  • 77
    • 0020722815 scopus 로고
    • Exchange interaction between ferromagnetic domain wall and electric current in very thin metallic films
    • L. Berger, "Exchange interaction between ferromagnetic domain wall and electric current in very thin metallic films," /. Appl. Phys., vol. 55, p. 1954, 1984.
    • (1984) Appl. Phys , vol.55 , pp. 1954
    • Berger, L.1
  • 78
    • 1842452738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of current-driven domain wall motion: Spin transfer versus momentum transfer
    • G. Tatara and H. Kohno, "Theory of current-driven domain wall motion: Spin transfer versus momentum transfer," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 92, p. 086 601, 2004.
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.92 , pp. 086-601
    • Tatara, G.1    Kohno, H.2
  • 79
    • 19644388061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of nonequilibrium conduction electrons on the magnetization dynamics of ferromagnets
    • S. Zhang and Z. Li, "Roles of nonequilibrium conduction electrons on the magnetization dynamics of ferromagnets," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 93, p. 127 204, 2004.
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.93 , pp. 127-204
    • Zhang, S.1    Li, Z.2
  • 80
    • 27144454887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current-spin coupling for ferromagnetic domain walls in fine wires
    • S. E. Barnes and S. Maekawa, "Current-spin coupling for ferromagnetic domain walls in fine wires," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 95, p. 107 204, 2005.
    • (2005) Phys. Rev. Lett , vol.95 , pp. 107-204
    • Barnes, S.E.1    Maekawa, S.2
  • 82
    • 34347352062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiabatic domain wall motion and Landau-Lifshitz damping
    • M. D. Stiles, W. M. Saslow, M. J. Donahue, and A. Zangwill, "Adiabatic domain wall motion and Landau-Lifshitz damping," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 75, p. 214 423, 2007.
    • (2007) Phys. Rev. B , vol.75 , pp. 214-423
    • Stiles, M.D.1    Saslow, W.M.2    Donahue, M.J.3    Zangwill, A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.