Is there a role for mast cells in psoriasis?

Archives of Dermatological Research

Volumn 300, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 461-478

  Harvima, Ilkka T ^a   Nilsson, Gunnar ^b   Suttle, Mireille Maria ^a   Naukkarinen, Anita ^a  

^a KUOPIO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cytokine; Mast cell; Mediator; Nerve; Pathogenesis; Proteinase; Psoriasis

Indexed keywords

ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE; CHYMASE; CYTOKINE; GROWTH FACTOR; HISTAMINE; LIGAND; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2; SERINE PROTEINASE; TRYPTASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL ACTIVITY; CELL COUNT; CELL FUNCTION; CELL INTERACTION; CELL SURFACE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DERMIS; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; EPIDERMIS HYPERPLASIA; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INNATE IMMUNITY; KERATINOCYTE; MAST CELL; NEUTROPHIL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN SECRETION; PSORIASIS; REVIEW; SENSORY NERVE; SKIN INFLAMMATION; T LYMPHOCYTE;

ANIMALS; CELL COMMUNICATION; HUMANS; IMMUNITY; INFLAMMATION; MAST CELLS; PSORIASIS; SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS; SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES;

EID: 52549124108     PISSN: 03403696     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-008-0874-x     Document Type: Review

References (222)

1. L Ackermann IT Harvima 1998 Mast cells of psoriatic and atopic dermatitis skin are positive for TNF-α and their degranulation is associated with expression of ICAM-1 in the epidermis Arch Dermatol Res 290 353 359
2. L Ackermann IT Harvima J Pelkonen V Ritamäki-Salo A Naukkarinen RJ Harvima M Horsmanheimo 1999 Mast cells in psoriatic skin are strongly positive for interferon-gamma Br J Dermatol 140 624 633
3. CA Akdis K Blaser 2003 Histamine in the immune regulation of allergic inflammation J Allergy Clin Immunol 112 15 22
4. S Amadesi J Nie N Vergnolle G Cottrell EF Grady M Trevisani C Manni P Geppetti JA McRoberts H Ennes JB Davis EA Mayer NW Bunnett 2004 Protease-activated receptor 2 sensitizes the capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 to induce hyperalgesia J Neurosci 24 4300 4312
5. P Anand DR Springall MA Blank D Sellu JM Polak SR Bloom 1991 Neuropeptides in skin disease: increased VIP in eczema and psoriasis but not axillary hyperhidrosis Br J Dermatol 124 547 549
6. PC Arck A Slominski TC Theoharides EMJ Peters R Paus 2006 Neuroimmunology of stress: skin takes center stage J Invest Dermatol 126 1697 1704
7. M Arock E Ross R Lai-Kuen G Averlant Z Gao SM Abraham 1998 Phagocytic and tumor necrosis factor alpha response of human mast cells following exposure to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria Infect Immun 66 6030 6034
8. Å Bengtsson A Scheynius J Avila-Cariño 2000 Crosslinking of CD30 on activated human Th clones enhances their cytokine production and downregulates the CD30 expression Scand J Immunol 52 595 601
9. JE Bernstein LC Parish M Rapaport MM Rosenbaum HH Roenigk 1986 Effects of topically applied capsaicin on moderate and severe psoriasis vulgaris J Am Acad Dermatol 15 504 507
10. RJ Blair H Meng MJ Marchese S Ren LB Schwartz MG Tonnesen BL Gruber 1997 Human mast cells stimulate vascular tube formation: tryptase is a novel, potent angiogenic factor J Clin Invest 99 2691 2700
11. LL Bolton W Montagna 1993 Mast cells in human ulcers Am J Dermatopathol 15 133 138
12. A Brill D Baram U Sela P Salamon YA Mekori R Hershkoviz 2004 Induction of mast cell interactions with blood vessel wall components by direct contact with intact T cells or T cell membranes in vitro Clin Exp Allergy 34 1725 1731
13. I Brody 1984 Mast cell degranulation in the evolution of acute eruptive guttate psoriasis vulgaris J Invest Dermatol 82 460 464
14. J Buddenkotte C Stroh IH Engels C Moormann VM Shpacovitch S Seeliger N Vergnolle D Vestweber TA Luger K Schulze-Osthoff M Steinhoff 2005 Agonists of proteinase-activated receptor-2 stimulate upregulation of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in primary human keratinocytes via activation of NF-kappa B J Invest Dermatol 124 38 45
15. SN Byrne AL Limón-Flores SE Ullrich 2008 Mast cell migration from the skin to the draining lymph nodes upon ultraviolet irradiation represents a key step in the induction of immune suppression J Immunol 180 4648 4655
16. JA Cairns AF Walls 1996 Mast cell tryptase is a mitogen for epithelial cells. Stimulation of IL-8 production and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression J Immunol 156 275 283
17. J Cao CL Cetrulo TC Theoharides 2006 Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces vascular endothelial growth factor release from human mast cells via the cAMP/protein kinase A/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway Mol Pharmacol 69 998 1006
18. GH Caughey F Leidig NF Viro JA Nadel 1988 Substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide degradation by mast cell tryptase and chymase J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244 133 137
19. GH Caughey 2001 New developments in the genetics and activation of mast cell proteases Mol Immunol 38 1353 1357
20. GH Caughey 2007 Mast cell tryptases and chymases in inflammation and host defense Immunol Rev 217 141 154
21. S-E Chang S-S Han H-J Jung J-H Choi 2007 Neuropeptides and their receptors in psoriatic skin in relation to pruritus Br J Dermatol 156 1272 1277
22. Z Chen A Laurence JJ O'Shea 2007 Signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulation in the control of Th17 differentiation Semin Immunol 19 6 400 408
23. MK Church MA Lowman PH Rees RC Benyon 1989 Mast cells, neuropeptides and inflammation Agents Actions 27 8 16
24. SJ Compton JA Cairns ST Holgate AF Walls 1998 The role of mast cell tryptase in regulating endothelial cell proliferation, cytokine release, and adhesion molecule expression: tryptase induces expression of mRNA for IL-1β and IL-8 and stimulates the selective release of IL-8 from human umbilical vein endothelial cells J Immunol 161 1939 1946
25. SJ Compton JA Cairns ST Holgate AF Walls 2000 Human mast cell tryptase stimulates the release of an IL-8-dependent neutrophil chemotactic activity from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) Clin Exp Immunol 121 31 36
26. JJ Costa GD Demetri TJ Harrist AM Dvorak DF Hayes EA Merica DM Menchaca AJ Gringeri LB Schwartz SJ Galli 1996 Recombinant human stem cell factor (kit ligand) promotes human mast cell and melanocyte hyperplasia and functional activation in vivo J Exp Med 183 2681 2686
27. Cox AJ (1977) Mast cells in psoriasis. In: Cox AJ, Farber EM (eds) Psoriasis, proceedings of the second international symposium, Stanford University, 1976. Yorke Medical Books, New York, pp 36-43
28. P Cui K Tani H Kitamura Y Okumura M Yano D Inui T Tamaki S Sone H Kido 2001 A novel bioactive 31-amino acid endothelin-1 is a potent chemotactic peptide for human neutrophils and monocytes J Leukoc Biol 70 306 312
29. W Dawicki JS Marshall 2007 New and emerging roles for mast cells in host defence Curr Opin Immunol 19 31 38
30. N Depinay F Hacini W Beghdadi R Peronet S Mécheri 2006 Mast cell-dependent down-regulation of antigen-specific immune responses by mosquito bites J Immunol 176 4141 4146
31. N-C Diaconu R Kaminska A Naukkarinen RJ Harvima IT Harvima 2007 The increase in tryptase- and chymase-positive mast cells is associated with partial inactivation of chymase and increase in protease inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21 908 915
32. N-C Diaconu R Kaminska A Naukkarinen RJ Harvima G Nilsson IT Harvima 2007 Increase in CD30 ligand/CD153 and TNF-α expressing mast cells in basal cell carcinoma Cancer Immunol Imunother 56 1407 1415
33. N-C Diaconu J Rummukainen M Mättö A Naukkarinen RJ Harvima J Pelkonen IT Harvima 2008 Cervical squamous carcinoma cells are resistant to the combined action of tumor necrosis factor-α and histamine whereas normal keratinocytes undergo cytolysis BMC Cancer 8 46
34. AM Dvorak S Kissell 1991 Granule changes of human skin mast cells characteristic of piecemeal degranulation and associated with recovery during wound healing in situ J Leukoc Biol 49 197 210
35. AM Dvorak JJ Costa RA Monahan-Earley P Fox SJ Galli 1998 Ultrastructural analysis of human skin biopsy specimens from patients receiving recombinant human stem cell factor: subcutaneous injection of rhSCF induces mast cell degranulation and granulocyte recruitment at the injection site J Allergy Clin Immunol 101 793 806
36. DJ Eedy CF Johnston C Shaw KD Buchanan 1991 Neuropeptides in psoriasis: an immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay study J Invest Dermatol 96 434 438
37. D Eichelberg W Schmutzler 1988 Synthetic retinoids inhibit histamine release from isolated human mast cells Arch Dermatol Res 280 155 157
38. SG el-Lati CA Dahinden MK Church 1994 Complement peptides C3a- and C5a-induced mediator release from dissociated human skin mast cells J Invest Dermatol 102 803 806
39. I Fajardo G Pejler 2003 Human mast cell β-tryptase is a gelatinase J Immunol 171 1493 1499
40. EM Farber SW Lanigan J Boer 1990 The role of cutaneous sensory nerves in the maintenance of psoriasis Int J Dermatol 29 418 420
41. S Finotto YA Mekori DD Metcalfe 1997 Glucocorticoids decrease tissue mast cell number by reducing the production of the c-kit ligand, stem cell factor, by resident cells J Clin Invest 99 1721 1728
42. M Fischer IT Harvima RFS Carvalho C Möller A Naukkarinen G Enblad G Nilsson 2006 Mast cell CD30 ligand is up-regulated in cutaneous inflammations and mediates degranulation-independent chemokine secretion J Clin Invest 116 2748 2756
43. GM Franconi PD Graf SC Lazarus JA Nadel GH Caughey 1989 Mast cell tryptase and chymase reverse airway smooth muscle relaxation induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide in the Ferret J Pharmacol Exp Ther 248 947 951
44. P Frandji C Tkaczyk C Oskeritzian B David C Desaymard S Mécheri 1996 Exogenous and endogenous antigens are differentially presented by mast cells to CD4+ T lymphocytes Eur J Immunol 26 2517 2528
45. AM Frenz BF Gibbs FL Pearce 1997 The effect of recombinant stem cell factor on human skin and lung mast cells and basophil leukocytes Inflamm Res 46 35 39
46. SJ Galli S Nakae M Tsai 2005 Mast cells in the development of adaptive immune responses Nat Immunol 6 135 142
47. M Ghannadan M Baghestanian F Wimazal M Eisenmenger D Latal G Kargül S Walchshofer C Sillaber K Lechner P Valent 1998 Phenotypic characterization of human skin mast cells by combined staining with toluidine blue and CD antibodies J Invest Dermatol 111 689 695
48. BF Gibbs J Wierecky P Welker BM Henz HH Wolff J Grabbe 2001 Human skin mast cells rapidly release preformed and newly generated TNF-α and IL-8 following stimulation with anti-IgE and other secretagogues Exp Dermatol 10 312 320
49. ML Giustizieri C Albanesi J Fluhr P Gisondi J Norgauer G Girolomoni 2004 H1 histamine receptor mediates inflammatory responses in human keratinocytes J Allergy Clin Immunol 114 1176 1182
50. W Glinski M Glinska-Ferenz M Pierozynska-Dubowska 1991 Neurogenic inflammation induced by capsaicin in patients with psoriasis Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 71 51 54
51. 5-enkephalin Peptides 12 995 1000
52. SM Goldstein J Leong LB Schwartz D Cooke 1992 Protease composition of exocytosed human skin mast cell protease-proteoglycan complexes. Tryptase resides in a complex distinct from chymase and carboxypeptidase J Immunol 148 2475 2482
53. RM Green A Cordero RK Winkelmann 1977 Epidermal mast cells Arch Dermatol 113 166 169
54. MA Grimbaldeston S Nakae J Kalesnikoff M Tsai SJ Galli 2007 Mast cell-derived interleukin 10 limits skin pathology in contact dermatitis and chronic irradiation with ultraviolet B Nat Immunol 8 1095 1104
55. BL Gruber MJ Marchese K Suzuki LB Schwartz Y Okada H Nagase NS Ramamurthy 1989 Synovial procollagenase activation by human mast cell tryptase: dependence upon matrix metalloproteinase 3 activation J Clin Invest 84 1657 1662
56. A Grützkau BM Henz L Kirchhof T Luger M Artuc 2000 α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone acts as a selective inducer of secretory functions in human mast cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 278 14 19
57. J Hallgren S Estrada U Karlson K Alving G Pejler 2001 Heparin antagonists are potent inhibitors of mast cell tryptase Biochemistry 40 7342 7349
58. IT Harvima RJ Harvima TO Eloranta JE Fräki 1988 The allosteric effect of salt on human mast cell tryptase Biochim Biophys Acta 956 133 139
59. IT Harvima A Naukkarinen RJ Harvima M Horsmanheimo 1989 Enzyme- and immunohistochemical localization of mast cell tryptase in psoriatic skin Arch Dermatol Res 281 387 391
60. IT Harvima A Naukkarinen RJ Harvima M-L Aalto H Neittaanmäki M Horsmanheimo 1990 Quantitative enzyme-histochemical analysis of tryptase- and chymase-containing mast cells in psoriatic skin Arch Dermatol Res 282 428 433
61. IT Harvima A Naukkarinen K Paukkonen RJ Harvima M-L Aalto LB Schwartz M Horsmanheimo 1993 Mast cell tryptase and chymase in developing and mature psoriatic lesions Arch Dermatol Res 285 184 192
62. IT Harvima L Haapanen L Ackermann A Naukkarinen RJ Harvima M Horsmanheimo 1999 Decreased chymase activity is associated with increased levels of protease inhibitors in mast cells of psoriatic lesions Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 79 98 104
63. IT Harvima K Lappalainen M-R Hirvonen M Mättö PK Kivinen M Hyttinen J Pelkonen A Naukkarinen 2004 Heparin modulates the growth and adherence and augments the growth-inhibitory action of TNF-α on cultured human keratinocytes J Cell Biochem 92 372 386
64. RJ Harvima IT Harvima D Dull UK Dunder LB Schwartz 1999 Identification and characterization of multiple forms of tryptase from human mast cells Arch Dermatol Res 291 73 80
65. S He Q Peng AF Walls 1997 Potent induction of a neutrophil and eosinophil-rich infiltrate in vivo by human mast cell tryptase: selective enhancement of eosinophil recruitment by histamine J Immunol 159 6216 6225
66. S He AF Walls 1998 Human mast cell chymase induces the accumulation of neutrophils, eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in vivo Br J Pharmacol 125 1491 1500
67. M Hjertson PK Kivinen L Dimberg K Nilsson IT Harvima G Nilsson 2003 Retinoic acid inhibits in vitro development of mast cells but has no marked effect on mature human skin tryptase- and chymase-positive mast cells J Invest Dermatol 120 239 245
68. + cord blood-derived human mast cells by cyclosporin A and dexamethasone Scand J Immunol 64 571 579
69. L Horsmanheimo IT Harvima A Järvikallio RJ Harvima A Naukkarinen M Horsmanheimo 1994 Mast cells are one major source of interleukin-4 in atopic dermatitis Br J Dermatol 131 348 353
70. L Hou S Kapas AT Cruchley MG Macey P Harriott C Chinni SR Stone 1998 Immunolocalization of protease-activated receptor-2 in skin: receptor activation stimulates interleukin-8 secretion by keratinocytes in vitro Immunology 94 356 362
71. M Huttunen IT Harvima L Ackermann RJ Harvima A Naukkarinen M Horsmanheimo 1996 Neuropeptide- and capsaicin-induced histamine release in skin monitored with the microdialysis technique Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 76 205 209
72. M Huttunen M Hyttinen G Nilsson JH Butterfield M Horsmanheimo IT Harvima 2001 Inhibition of keratinocyte growth in cell culture and whole skin culture by mast cell mediators Exp Dermatol 10 184 192
73. M Huttunen A Naukkarinen M Horsmanheimo IT Harvima 2002 Transient production of stem cell factor in dermal cells but increasing expression of Kit receptor in mast cells during normal wound healing Arch Dermatol Res 294 324 330
74. M Huttunen IT Harvima 2005 Mast cell tryptase and chymase in chronic leg ulcers: chymase is potentially destructive to epithelium and is controlled by proteinase inhibitors Br J Dermatol 152 1149 1160
75. A Iddamalgoda QT Le K Ito K Tanaka H Kojima H Kido 2008 Mast cell tryptase and photoaging: possible involvement in the degradation of extra cellular matrix and basement membrane proteins Arch Dermatol Res 300 Suppl 1 69 76
76. H Ide H Itoh E Yoshida T Kobayashi M Tomita H Maruyama Y Osada T Nakahata Y Nawa 1999 Immunohistochemical demonstration of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor light chain (bikunin) in human mast cells Cell Tissue Res 297 149 154
77. H Inamura M Kurosawa T Kuwasaki Y Kamada H Kayaba J Chihara 2001 Expression of adhesion molecules on cord-blood-derived, cultured human mast cells and effect of dexamethasone on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on the mast cells treated by phorbol myristate acetate Allergy 56 672 678
78. TC types of human mast cells by immunohistochemistry using new monoclonal anti-tryptase and anti-chymase antibodies J Histochem Cytochem 37 1509 1515
79. T Ishizuka Y Okayama H Kobayashi M Mori 1999 Interleukin-10 is localized to and released by human lung mast cells Clin Exp Allergy 29 1424 1432
80. O-J Iversen H Lysvand T Jacobsen K Bergh BA Lie 1995 The psoriasis-associated antigen, pso p27, is expressed by tryptase-positive cells in psoriatic lesions Arch Dermatol Res 287 503 505
81. DM Jawdat G Rowden JS Marshall 2006 Mast cells have a pivotal role in TNF-independent lymph node hypertrophy and the mobilization of Langerhans cells in response to bacterial peptidoglycan J Immunol 177 1755 1762
82. M Juremalm M Hjertson N Olsson I Harvima K Nilsson G Nilsson 2000 The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is expressed within the mast cell lineage and its ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1α acts as a mast cell chemotaxin Eur J Immunol 30 3614 3622
83. M Juremalm G Nilsson 2005 Chemokine receptor expression by mast cells Chem Immunol Allergy 87 130 144
84. A Järvikallio IT Harvima A Naukkarinen 2003 Mast cells, nerves and neuropeptides in atopic dermatitis and nummular eczema Arch Dermatol Res 295 2 7
85. N Kambe M Kambe JP Kochan LB Schwartz 2001 Human skin-derived mast cells can proliferate while retaining their characteristic functional and protease phenotypes Blood 97 2045 2052
86. R Kaminska IT Harvima A Naukkarinen G Nilsson M Horsmanheimo 1996 Alterations in mast cell proteinases and protease inhibitors in the progress of cutaneous herpes zoster infection J Pathol 180 434 440
87. R Kaminska P Helisalmi RJ Harvima A Naukkarinen M Horsmanheimo IT Harvima 1999 Focal dermal-epidermal separation and fibronectin cleavage in basement membrane by human mast cell tryptase J Invest Dermatol 113 567 573
88. 1 Clin Exp Allergy 29 105 113
89. N Kanbe M Kurosawa Y Miyachi M Kanbe H Saitoh H Matsuda 2000 Nerve growth factor prevents apoptosis of cord blood-derived human cultured mast cells synergistically with stem cell factor Clin Exp Allergy 30 1113 1120
90. J Kashiwakura H Yokoi H Saito Y Okayama 2004 T cell proliferation by direct cross-talk between OX40 ligand on human mast cells and OX40 on human T cells: comparison of gene expression profiles between human tonsillar and lung-cultured mast cells J Immunol 173 5247 5257
91. M Kinoshita M Okada M Hara Y Furukawa A Matsumori 2005 Mast cell tryptase in mast cell granules enhances MCP-1 and interleukin-8 production in human endothelial cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 1858 1863
92. T Kinoshita K Koike HH Mwamtemi S Ito S Ishida Y Nakazawa Y Kurokawa K Sakashita T Higuchi K Takeuchi N Sawai M Shiohara T Kamijo S Kawa T Yamashita A Komiyama 2000 Retinoic acid is a negative regulator for the differentiation of cord blood-derived human mast cell progenitors Blood 95 2821 2828
93. + pluripotent progenitor cells J Immunol 148 772 777
94. h2-promoting dendritic cells Int Immunol 18 1789 1799
95. PK Kivinen R Kaminska A Naukkarinen RJ Harvima M Horsmanheimo IT Harvima 2001 Release of soluble tryptase but only minor amounts of chymase activity from cutaneous mast cells Exp Dermatol 10 246 255
96. PK Kivinen G Nilsson A Naukkarinen IT Harvima 2003 Mast cell survival and apoptosis in organ-cultured human skin Exp Dermatol 12 53 60
97. AL Krogstad P Lönnroth G Larson BG Wallin 1997 Increased interstitial histamine concentration in the psoriatic plaque J Invest Dermatol 109 632 635
98. AL Krogstad P Lönnroth G Larson BG Wallin 1998 Nerve-induced histamine release is of little importance in psoriatic skin Br J Dermatol 139 403 409
99. S Krüger-Krasagakes A Möller G Kolde U Lippert M Weber BM Henz 1996 Production of interleukin-6 by human mast cells and basophilic cells J Invest Dermatol 106 75 79
100. M Kulka CH Sheen BP Tancowny LC Grammer RP Schleimer 2008 Neuropeptides activate human mast cell degranulation and chemokine production Immunology 123 398 410
101. T Li S He 2006 Induction of IL-6 release from human T cells by PAR-1 and PAR-2 agonists Immunol Cell Biol 84 461 466
102. J Lohi I Harvima J Keski-Oja 1992 Pericellular substrates of human mast cell tryptase: 72, 000 dalton gelatinase and fibronectin J Cell Biochem 50 337 349
103. BJ Longley L Tyrrell Y Ma DA Williams R Halaban K Langley HS Lu NM Schechter 1997 Chymase cleavage of stem cell factor yields a bioactive, soluble product Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 94 9017 9021
104. MA Lowes AM Bowcock JG Krueger 2007 Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis Nature 445 866 873
105. MA Lowes T Kikuchi J Fuentes-Duculan I Cardinale LC Zaba AS Haider EP Bowman JG Krueger 2008 Psoriasis vulgaris lesions contain discrete populations of Th1 and Th17 cells J Invest Dermatol 128 1207 1211
106. L-F Lu EF Lind DC Gondek KA Bennett MW Gleeson K Pino-Lagos ZA Scott AJ Coyle JL Reed J van Snick TB Strom XX Zheng RJ Noelle 2006 Mast cells are essential intermediaries in regulatory T-cell tolerance Nature 442 997 1002
107. TA Luger T Brzoska 2007 Alpha-MSH related peptides: a new class of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating drugs Ann Rheum Dis 66 suppl 3 iii52 iii55
108. HL Ma S Liang J Li L Napierata T Brown S Benoit M Senices D Gill K Dunussi-Joannopoulos M Collins C Nickerson-Nutter LA Fouser DA Young 2008 IL-22 is required for Th17 cell-mediated pathology in a mouse model of psoriasis-like skin inflammation J Clin Invest 118 597 607
109. V Malamud A Vaaknin O Abramsky M Mor LE Burgess A Ben-Yehudah H Lorberboum-Galski 2003 Tryptase activates peripheral blood mononuclear cells causing the synthesis and release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β: possible relevance to multiple sclerosis J Neuroimmunol 138 115 122
110. 4 from human lung mast cells Ric Clin Lab 18 53 59
111. 2+-dependent protein kinase C, Raf/MEK/ERK and IKK/IκB/NF-κB signal cascades Biochem Pharmacol 69 433 449
112. S Matsuzawa K Sakashita T Kinoshita S Ito T Yamashita K Koike 2003 IL-9 enhances the growth of human mast cell progenitors under stimulation with stem cell factor J Immunol 170 3461 3467
113. M Maurer S Lopez Kostka F Siebenhaar K Moelle M Metz J Knop E von Stebut 2006 Skin mast cells control T cell-dependent host defense in Leishmania major infections FASEB J 20 2460 2467
114. AR McEuen MDA Gaça MG Buckley S He MG Gore AF Walls 1998 Two distinct forms of human mast cell chymase: differences in affinity for heparin and in distribution in skin, heart, and other tissues Eur J Biochem 256 461 470
115. JB McLachlan JP Hart SV Pizzo CP Shelburne HF Staats MD Gunn SN Abraham 2003 Mast cell-derived tumor necrosis factor induces hypertrophy of draining lymph nodes during infection Nat Immunol 4 1199 1205
116. YA Mekori DD Metcalfe 1999 Mast cell-T cell interactions J Allergy Clin Immunol 104 517 523
117. M Metz AM Piliponsky C-C Chen V Lammel M Åbrink G Pejler M Tsai SJ Galli 2006 Mast cells can enhance resistance to snake and honeybee venoms Science 313 526 530
118. CT Mierke M Ballmaier U Werner MP Manns K Welte SC Bischoff 2000 Human endothelial cells regulate survival and proliferation of human mast cells J Exp Med 192 801 811
119. HK Min N Kambe LB Schwartz 2001 Human mouse mast cell protease 7-like tryptase genes are pseudogenes J Allergy Clin Immunol 107 315 321
120. H Mizutani NM Schechter G Lazarus RA Black TS Kupper 1991 Rapid and specific conversion of precursor interleukin 1β (IL-1β) to an active IL-1 species by human mast cell chymase J Exp Med 174 821 825
121. D Molin M Fischer Z Xiang U Larsson I Harvima P Venge K Nilsson C Sundström G Enblad G Nilsson 2001 Mast cells express functional CD30 ligand and are the predominant CD30L-positive cells in Hodgkin's disease Br J Haematol 114 616 623
122. C Moormann M Artuc E Pohl G Varga J Buddenkotte N Vergnolle R Brehler BM Henz SW Schneider TA Luger M Steinhoff 2006 Functional characterization and expression analysis of the proteinase-activated receptor-2 in human cutaneous mast cells J Invest Dermatol 126 746 755
123. C Möller J Alfredsson M Engström H Wootz Z Xiang J Lennartsson JI Jönsson G Nilsson 2005 Stem cell factor promotes mast cell survival via inactivation of FOXO3a-mediated transcriptional induction and MEK-regulated phosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein Bim Blood 106 1330 1336
124. S Nakae H Suto M Kakurai JD Sedgwick M Tsai SJ Galli 2005 Mast cells enhance T cell activation: importance of mast cell-derived TNF Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 6467 6472
125. S Nakae H Suto M Iikura M Kakurai JD Sedgwick M Tsai SJ Galli 2006 Mast cells enhance T cell activation: importance of mast cell costimulatory molecules and secreted TNF J Immunol 176 2238 2248
126. S Nakae H Suto GJ Berry SJ Galli 2008 Mast cell-derived TNF can promote Th17 cell-dependent neutrophil recruitment in ovalbumin-challenged OTII mice Blood 109 3640 3648
127. M Nakamura M Toyoda M Morohashi 2003 Pruritogenic mediators in psoriasis: comparative evaluation of itch-associated cutaneous factors Br J Dermatol 149 718 730
128. A Naukkarinen BJ Nickoloff EM Farber 1989 Quantification of cutaneous sensory nerves and their substance P content in psoriasis J Invest Dermatol 92 126 129
129. A Naukkarinen IT Harvima M-L Aalto RJ Harvima M Horsmanheimo 1991 Quantitative analysis of contact sites between mast cells and sensory nerves in cutaneous psoriasis and lichen planus based on a histochemical double staining technique Arch Dermatol Res 283 433 437
130. A Naukkarinen I Harvima K Paukkonen M-L Aalto M Horsmanheimo 1993 Immunohistochemical analysis of sensory nerves and neuropeptides, and their contacts with mast cells in developing and mature psoriatic lesions Arch Dermatol Res 285 341 346
131. A Naukkarinen A Järvikallio J Lakkakorpi IT Harvima RJ Harvima M Horsmanheimo 1996 Quantitative histochemical analysis of mast cells and sensory nerves in psoriatic skin J Pathol 180 200 205
132. G Nilsson JH Butterfield K Nilsson A Siegbahn 1994 Stem cell factor is a chemotactic factor for human mast cells J Immunol 153 3717 3723
133. G Nilsson U Miettinen T Ishizaka LK Ashman AM Irani LB Schwartz 1994 Interleukin-4 inhibits the expression of Kit and tryptase during stem cell factor-dependent development of human mast cells from fetal liver cells Blood 84 1519 1527
134. G Nilsson T Blom I Harvima M Kusche-Gullberg K Nilsson 1996 Stem cell factor-dependent human cord blood derived mast cells express α- and β-tryptase, heparin and chondroitin sulphate Immunology 88 308 314
135. G Nilsson K Forsberg-Nilsson Z Xiang F Hallböök K Nilsson DD Metcalfe 1997 Human mast cells express functional TrkA and are a source of nerve growth factor Eur J Immunol 27 2295 2301
136. M Novelli P Savoia MT Fierro A Verrone P Quaglino MG Bernengo 1996 Keratinocytes express dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26) in benign and malignant skin diseases Br J Dermatol 134 1052 1056
137. Y Okayama AS Kirshenbaum DD Metcalfe 2000 Expression of a functional high-affinity IgG receptor, FcγRI, on human mast cells: up-regulation by IFN-γ J Immunol 164 4332 4339
138. K Okumura S Takai M Muramatsu S Katayama M Sakaguchi K Kishi D Jin M Miyazaki 2004 Human chymase degrades human fibronectin Clin Chim Acta 347 223 225
139. N Olsson E Piek P ten Dijke G Nilsson 2000 Human mast cell migration in response to members of the transforming growth factor-β family J Leukoc Biol 67 350 356
140. Y Omoto K Tokime K Yamanaka K Habe T Morioka I Kurokawa H Tsutsui K Yamanishi K Nakanishi H Mizutani 2006 Human mast cell chymase cleaves pro-IL-18 and generates a novel and biologically active IL-18 fragment J Immunol 177 8315 8319
141. A Oran JS Marshall S Kondo D Paglia RC McKenzie 1997 Cyclosporin inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and reduces mast cell numbers in the asebia mouse model of chronic skin inflammation Br J Dermatol 136 519 526
142. L Pang M Nie L Corbett A Sutcliffe AJ Knox 2006 Mast cell β-tryptase selectively cleaves eotaxin and RANTES and abrogates their eosinophil chemotactic activities J Immunol 176 3788 3795
143. S Pavlovic M Daniltchenko DJ Tobin E Hagen SP Hunt BF Klapp PC Arck EMJ Peters 2008 Further exploring the brain-skin connection: stress worsens dermatitis via substance P-dependent neurogenic inflammation in mice J Invest Dermatol 128 434 446
144. PJB Pereira A Bergner S Macedo-Ribeiro R Huber G Matschiner H Fritz CP Sommerhoff W Bode 1998 Human β-tryptase is a ring-like tetramer with active sites facing a central pore Nature 392 306 311
145. E Pestelli M Caproni B Giomi W Volpi A Spallanzani C Cardinali I Floriani P Fabbri 2001 Cetirizine reduces the number of tryptase-positive mast cells in psoriatic patients: a double-blind controlled study Int J Tissue React 23 97 103
146. E Pestelli I Floriani P Fabbri M Caproni 2003 Cetirizine modulates adhesion molecule expression in a double-blind controlled study conducted in psoriatic patients Int J Tissue React 25 1 8
147. LJ Petersen U Hansen JK Kristensen H Nielsen PS Skov HJ Nielsen 1998 Studies on mast cells and histamine release in psoriasis: the effect of ranitidine Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 78 190 193
148. AM Piliponsky F Levi-Schaffer 2000 Regulation of apoptosis in mast cells Apoptosis 5 435 441
149. C Pincelli F Fantini P Romualdi C Sevignani G Lesa L Benassi A Giannetti 1992 Substance P is diminished and vasoactive intestinal peptide is augmented in psoriatic lesions and these peptides exert disparate effects on the proliferation of cultured human keratinocytes J Invest Dermatol 98 421 427
150. U Pipkorn M Andersson 1987 Topical dermal anaesthesia inhibits the flare but not the weal response to allergen and histamine in the skin-prick test Clin Allergy 17 307 311
151. U Pipkorn A Hammarlund L Enerbäck 1989 Prolonged treatment with topical glucocorticoids results in an inhibition of the allergen-induced weal-and-flare response and a reduction in skin mast cell numbers and histamine content Clin Exp Allergy 19 19 25
152. P Poncet M Arock B David 1999 MHC class II-dependent activation of CD4+ T cell hybridomas by human mast cells through superantigen presentation J Leukoc Biol 66 105 112
153. B Royer S Varadaradjalou P Saas AC Gabiot B Kantelip F Féger JJ Guillosson JP Kantelip M Arock 2001 Autocrine regulation of cord blood-derived human mast cell activation by IL-10 J Allergy Clin Immunol 108 80 86
154. 84 bond by mast cell chymase J Biol Chem 269 18134 18140
155. JV Saarinen RJ Harvima A Naukkarinen M Horsmanheimo IT Harvima 2001 The release of histamine is associated with the inactivation of mast cell chymase during immediate allergic wheal reaction in the skin Clin Exp Allergy 31 593 601
156. JV Saarinen RJ Harvima A Naukkarinen M Horsmanheimo IT Harvima 2001 Interleukin-4-positive mast cells are highly associated with the extent of
157. R Sabat S Philipp C Höflich S Kreutzer E Wallace K Asadullah H-D Volk W Sterry K Wolk 2007 Immunopathogenesis of psoriasis Exp Dermatol 16 779 798
158. N Sawai K Koike HH Mwamtemi T Kinoshita Y Kurokawa K Sakashita T Higuchi K Takeuchi M Shiohara T Kamijo S Ito T Kato H Miyazaki T Yamashita A Komiyama 1999 Thrombopoietin augments stem cell factor-dependent growth of human mast cells from bone-marrow multipotential hematopoietic progenitors Blood 93 3703 3712
159. S Sayama RV Iozzo GS Lazarus NM Schechter 1987 Human skin chymotrypsin-like proteinase chymase: subcellular localization to mast cell granules and interaction with heparin and other glycosaminoglycans J Biol Chem 262 6808 6815
160. BA Sayed MA Brown 2007 Mast cells as modulators of T-cell responses Immunol Rev 217 53 64
161. NM Schechter JL Sprows OL Schoenberger GS Lazarus BS Cooperman H Rubin 1989 Reaction of human skin chymotrypsin-like proteinase chymase with plasma proteinase inhibitors J Biol Chem 264 21308 21315
162. TC type of human mast cell J Immunol 145 2652 2661
163. NM Schechter LF Brass RM Lavker PJ Jensen 1998 Reaction of mast cell proteases tryptase and chymase with protease activated receptors (PARs) on keratinocytes and fibroblasts J Cell Physiol 176 365 373
164. NM Schechter E-J Choi T Selwood DR McCaslin 2007 Characterization of three distinct catalytic forms of human tryptase-β: their interrelationships and relevance Biochemistry 46 9615 9629
165. C Schick Y Kamachi AJ Bartuski S Çataltepe NM Schechter PA Pemberton GA Silverman 1997 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 is a novel serpin that inhibits the chymotrypsin-like proteinases cathepsin G and mast cell chymase J Biol Chem 272 1849 1855
166. M Schmelz O Luz B Averbeck A Bickel 1997 Plasma extravasation and neuropeptide release in human skin as measured by intradermal microdialysis Neurosci Lett 230 117 120
167. TE Scholzen M Steinhoff P Bonaccorsi R Klein S Amadesi P Geppetti B Lu NP Gerard JE Olerud TA Luger NW Bunnett EF Grady CA Armstrong JC Ansel 2001 Neutral endopeptidase terminates substance P-induced inflammation in allergic contact dermatitis J Immunol 166 1285 1291
168. C Schubert E Christophers 1985 Mast cells and macrophages in early relapsing psoriasis Arch Dermatol Res 277 352 358
169. LB Schwartz HK Min S Ren HZ Xia J Hu W Zhao G Moxley Y Fukuoka 2003 Tryptase precursors are preferentially and spontaneously released, whereas mature tryptase is retained by HMC-1 cells, Mono-Mac-6 cells, and human skin-derived mast cells J Immunol 170 5667 5673
170. ER Sharlow CS Paine L Babiarz M Eisinger S Shapiro M Seiberg 2000 The protease-activated receptor-2 upregulates keratinocyte phagocytosis J Cell Sci 113 3093 3101
171. F Siebenhaar W Syska K Weller M Magerl T Zuberbier M Metz M Maurer 2007 Control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infections in mice is mast cell-dependent Am J Pathol 170 1910 1916
172. D Skokos H Goubran Botros C Demeure J Morin R Peronet G Birkenmeier S Boudaly S Mécheri 2003 Mast cell-derived exosomes induce phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells and elicit specific immune responses in vivo J Immunol 170 3037 3045
173. WR Sperr H Agis K Czerwenka I Virgolini HC Bankl MR Müller K Zsebo K Lechner P Valent 1996 Effects of cyclosporin A and FK-506 on stem cell factor-induced histamine secretion and growth of human mast cells J Allergy Clin Immunol 98 389 399
174. MS Stack DA Johnson 1994 Human mast cell tryptase activates single-chain urinary-type plasminogen activator (pro-urokinase) J Biol Chem 269 9416 9419
175. M Steinhoff N Vergnolle SH Young M Tognetto S Amadesi HS Ennes M Trevisani MD Hollenberg JL Wallace GH Caughey SE Mitchell LM Williams P Geppetti EA Mayer NW Bunnett 2000 Agonists of proteinase-activated receptor 2 induce inflammation by a neurogenic mechanism Nat Med 6 151 158
176. M Steinhoff U Neisius A Ikoma M Fartasch G Heyer PS Skov TA Luger M Schmelz 2003 Proteinase-activated receptor-2 mediates itch: a novel pathway for pruritus in human skin J Neurosci 23 6176 6180
177. C Stellato A de Paulis A Ciccarelli R Cirillo V Patella V Casolaro G Marone 1992 Anti-inflammatory effect of cyclosporin A on human skin mast cells J Invest Dermatol 98 800 804
178. S Ständer C Moormann M Schumacher J Buddenkotte M Artuc V Shpacovitch T Brzoska U Lippert BM Henz TA Luger D Metze M Steinhoff 2004 Expression of vanilloid receptor subtype 1 in cutaneous sensory nerve fibers, mast cells, and epithelial cells of appendage structures Exp Dermatol 13 129 139
179. high regulatory T cells in psoriasis: mechanism underlying unrestrained pathogenic effector T cell proliferation J Immunol 174 164 173
180. H Suto S Nakae M Kakurai JD Sedgwick M Tsai SJ Galli 2006 Mast cell-associated TNF promotes dendritic cell migration J Immunol 176 4102 4112
181. J Taipale J Lohi J Saarinen PT Kovanen J Keski-Oja 1995 Human mast cell chymase and leukocyte elastase release latent transforming growth factor-β1 from the extracellular matrix of cultured human epithelial and endothelial cells J Biol Chem 270 4689 4696
182. EK Tam GH Caughey 1990 Degradation of airway neuropeptides by human lung tryptase Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 3 27 32
183. K Tani F Ogushi H Kido T Kawano Y Kunori T Kamimura P Cui S Sone 2000 Chymase is a potent chemoattractant for human monocytes and neutrophils J Leukoc Biol 67 585 589
184. F Tausk B Undem 1995 Exogenous but not endogenous substance P releases histamine from isolated human skin fragments Neuropeptides 29 351 355
185. J Teahan R Harrison M Izquierdo RL Stein 1989 Substrate specificity of human fibroblast stromelysin. Hydrolysis of substance P and its analogues Biochemistry 28 8497 8501
186. M Terakawa Y Tomimori M Goto Y Fukuda 2006 Mast cell chymase induces expression of chemokines for neutrophils in eosinophilic EoL-1 cells and mouse peritonitis eosinophils Eur J Pharmacol 538 175 181
187. C Tkaczyk Y Okayama MR Woolhiser DD Hagaman AM Gilfillan DD Metcalfe 2001 Activation of human mast cells through the high affinity IgG receptor Mol Immunol 38 1289 1293
188. B Toruniowa S Jablonska 1988 Mast cells in the initial stages of psoriasis Arch Dermatol Res 280 189 193
189. S Töyry JE Fräki R Tammi 1988 Mast cell density in psoriatic skin. The effect of PUVA and corticosteroid therapy Arch Dermatol Res 280 282 285
190. K Uyemura M Yamamura DF Fivenson RL Modlin BJ Nickoloff 1993 The cytokine network in lesional and lesion-free psoriatic skin is characterized by a T-helper type 1 cell-mediated response J Invest Dermatol 101 701 705
191. PC van de Kerkhof M Goos E Christophers M Baudin P Dupuy 1995 Inhibitor of the release of mast cell mediators does not improve the psoriatic plaque Skin Pharmacol 8 25 29
192. FJ van Overveld PG Jorens M Rampart W de Backer PA Vermeire 1991 Tumour necrosis factor stimulates human skin mast cells to release of histamine and tryptase Clin Exp Allergy 21 711 714
193. AF Walls SD Brain A Desai PJ Jose E Hawkings MK Church TJ Williams 1992 Human mast cell tryptase attenuates the vasodilator activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide Biochem Pharmacol 43 1243 1248
194. LJ Walsh G Trinchieri HA Waldorf D Whitaker GF Murphy 1991 Human dermal mast cells contain and release tumor necrosis factor α, which induces endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 88 4220 4224
195. M Walter M Plotnick NM Schechter 1996 Inhibition of human mast cell chymase by secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor: enhancement of the interaction by heparin Arch Biochem Biophys 327 81 88
196. M Walter RM Sutton NM Schechter 1999 Highly efficient inhibition of human chymase by α(2)-macroglobulin Arch Biochem Biophys 368 276 284
197. H Wang S He 2006 Induction of lactoferrin and IL-8 release from human neutrophils by tryptic enzymes via proteinase activated receptor-2 Cell Biol Int 30 688 697
198. HW Wang N Tedla AR Lloyd D Wakefield HP McNeil 1998 Mast cell activation and migration to lymph nodes during induction of an immune response in mice J Clin Invest 102 1617 1626
199. HW Wang HP McNeil A Husain K Liu N Tedla PS Thomas M Raftery GC King ZY Cai JE Hunt 2002 δ Tryptase is expressed in multiple human tissues, and a recombinant form has proteolytic activity J Immunol 169 5145 5152
200. LH Wang S Ahmad IF Benter A Chow S Mizutani PE Ward 1991 Differential processing of substance P and neurokinin A by plasma dipeptidyl(amino)peptidase IV, aminopeptidase M and angiotensin converting enzyme Peptides 12 1357 1364
201. C Waskow S Bartels SM Schlenner C Costa H-R Rodewald 2007 Kit is essential for PMA-inflammation-induced mast-cell accumulation in the skin Blood 109 5363 5370
202. N Weidner KF Austen 1993 Heterogeneity of mast cells at multiple body sites: fluorescent determination of avidin binding and immunofluorescent determination of chymase, tryptase, and carboxypeptidase content Path Res Pract 189 156 162
203. P Welker J Grabbe B Gibbs T Zuberbier BM Henz 1999 Human mast cells produce and differentially express both soluble and membrane-bound stem cell factor Scand J Immunol 49 495 500
204. U Westin Å Polling I Ljungkrantz K Ohlsson 1999 Identification of SLPI (secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor) in human mast cells using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation Biol Chem 380 489 493
205. D Whitaker-Menezes NM Schechter GF Murphy 1995 Serine proteinases are regionally segregated within mast cell granules Lab Invest 72 34 41
206. EF Willis GF Clough MK Church 2004 Investigation into the mechanisms by which nedocromil sodium, frusemide and bumetanide inhibit the histamine-induced itch and flare response in human skin in vivo Clin Exp Allergy 34 450 455
207. GW Wong S Yasuda MS Madhusudhan L Li Y Yang SA Krilis A Sali RL Stevens 2001 Human tryptase ε (PRSS22), a new member of the chromosome 16p13.3 family of human serine proteases expressed in airway epithelial cells J Biol Chem 276 49169 49182
208. GW Wong PS Foster S Yasuda JC Qi S Mahalingam EA Mellor G Katsoulotos L Li JA Bouce SA Krilis RL Stevens 2002 Biochemical and functional characterization of human transmembrane tryptase (TMT)/tryptase γ J Biol Chem 277 41906 41915
209. Z Xiang G Nilsson 2000 IgE receptor-mediated release of nerve growth factor by mast cells Clin Exp Allergy 30 1379 1386
210. Z Xiang AA Ahmed C Möller K Nakayama S Hatakeyama G Nilsson 2001 Essential role of the prosurvival bcl-2 homologue A1 in mast cell survival after allergic activation J Exp Med 194 1561 1569
211. T Yamamoto I Katayama K Nishioka 1997 Expression of stem cell factor in basal cell carcinoma Br J Dermatol 137 709 713
212. T Yamamoto I Katayama K Nishioka 2000 Possible contribution of stem cell factor in psoriasis vulgaris J Dermatol Sci 24 171 176
213. M Yanagida H Fukamachi K Ohgami T Kuwaki H Ishii H Uzumaki K Amano T Tokiwa H Mitsui H Saito Y Iikura T Ishizaka T Nakahata 1995 Effects of T-helper 2-type cytokines, interleukins-3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 on the survival of cultured human mast cells Blood 86 3705 3714
214. J Yuan J Beltman E Gjerstad MT Nguyen J Sampang H Chan JW Janc JM Clark 2006 Expression and characterization of recombinant γ-tryptase Protein Expr Purif 49 47 54
215. S Zhang DF Anderson P Bradding WR Coward SM Baddeley JD MacLeod JI McGill MK Church ST Holgate WR Roche 1998 Human mast cells express stem cell factor J Pathol 186 59 66
216. W Zhao CA Oskeritzian AL Pozez LB Schwartz 2005 Cytokine production by skin-derived mast cells: endogenous proteases are responsible for degradation of cytokines J Immunol 175 2635 2642
217. W Zhao CL Kepley PA Morel LM Okumoto Y Fukuoka LB Schwartz 2006 FcγRIIa, not FcγRIIb, is constitutively and functionally expressed on skin-derived human mast cells J Immunol 177 694 701
218. H17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis Nature 445 648 651
219. IM Zonneveld MM Meinardi T Karlsmark UB Johansen GR Kuiters L Hamminga B Staberg van't AJ Veen PM Bossuyt VanJC Niel JD Bos 1997 Ranitidine does not affect psoriasis: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study J Am Acad Dermatol 36 932 934
220. MS Ashenagar K Sugihara A Maeda R Isogai M Takahashi K Aisu A Horiuchi Y Aragane A Kawada T Tezuka 2007 The presence of tryptase-positive and bikunin-negative mast cells in psoriatic skin lesions Arch Dermatol Res 298 421 426
221. U Mrowietz JT Elder J Barker 2006 The importance of disease associations and concomitant therapy for the long-term management of psoriasis patients Arch Dermatol Res 298 309 319
222. C Remrod S Lonne-Rahm K Nordlind 2007 Study of substance P and its receptor neurokinin-1 in psoriasis and their relation to chronic stress and pruritus Arch Dermatol Res 299 85 91