The aging theories;Teorie dell'invecchiamento

Giornale di Gerontologia

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 57-74

  Ferrara, Nicola ^a,b   Corbi, G ^b,c   Scarpa, D ^c   Rengo, G ^b   Longobardi, G ^b   Mazzella, F ^d   Cacciatore, F ^b   Rengo, F ^b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MOLISE   (Italy)

^b IRCCS   (Italy)

^c SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

Aging; Longevity; Theory

Indexed keywords

INSULIN; PROTEIN P53; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE;

AGING; CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; CELL AGING; CELL DIVISION; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; EDITORIAL; ENDOCRINE ASPECTS OF AGING; EVOLUTION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETICS; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS SYSTEM; IMMUNOLOGY; LIFESPAN; MORTALITY; NATURAL SELECTION; NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; THEORY;

CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER;

EID: 23744461130     PISSN: 00170305     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Editorial

References (124)

1. Poulton EB, Schonland S, Shipley AE. Essays Upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems. 2nd ed. vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1891.
2. Dufour E, Larsson NG. Understanding aging: revealing order out of chaos. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004;1658:122-32.
3. Wachter KW, Finch CE. Between Zeus and the Salmon. Washington: National Academy Press 1997.
4. Weinert BT, Timiras PS. Theories of aging. J Appl Physiol 2003;95:1706-16.
5. Kowald A, Kirkwood TB. A network theory of ageing: the interactions of defective mitochondria, aberrant proteins, free radicals and scavengers in the ageing process. Mutat Res 1996;316:209-36.
6. Carey JR. Theories of life span and aging. Physiological Basis of Aging and Geriatrics. 3th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press 2003:85-95.
7. Sacher GA. Evolutionary theory in gerontology. Perspect Biol Med 1982;25:339-53.
8. Harman D. The free radical theory of aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2003;5:557-61.
9. Bowen RL, Atwood CS. Living and dying for sex. A theory of aging based on the modulation of cell cycle signaling by reproductive hormones. Gerontology 2004;50:265-90.
10. Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. The reliability-engineering approach to the problem of biological aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1019:509-12.
11. Kanungo MS. A model for ageing. J Theor Biol 1975;53:253-61.
12. Pletcher SD, Macdonald SJ, Marguerie R, Certa U, Stearns SC, Goldstein DB, et al. Genome-wide transcript profiles in aging and calorically restricted Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Biol 2002;12:712-23.
13. Weindruch R, Kayo T, Lee CK, Prolla TA. Gene expression profiling of aging using DNA microarrays. Mech Ageing Dev 2002;123:177-93.
14. Zou S, Meadows S, Sharp L, Jan LY, Jan YN. Genome-wide study of aging and oxidative stress response in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:13726-31.
15. Kirkwood TB. New science for an old problem. Trends Genet 2002;18:441-2.
16. Snoke MS, Promislow DE. Quantitative genetic tests of recent senescence theory: age-specific mortality and male fertility in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 2003;91:546-56.
17. Reinke V. Functional exploration of the C. elegans genome using DNA microarrays. Nat Genet 2002;32:541-6.
18. Weindruch R, Kayo T, Lee CK, Prolla TA. Microarray profiling of gene expression in aging and its alteration by caloric restriction in mice. J Nutr 2001;131:918S-923S.
19. Tatar M, Bartke A, Antebi A. The endocrine regulation of aging by insulin-like signals. Science 2003;299:1346-51.
20. Finch CE, Ruvkun G. The genetics of aging. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2001;2:435-62.
21. Perls T, Kunkel L, Puca A. The genetics of aging. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2002;12:362-9.
22. Perls TT, Wilmoth J, Levenson R, Drinkwater M, Cohen M, Bogan H, et al. Life-long sustained mortality advantage of siblings of centenarians. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:8442-7.
23. Puca AA, Daly MJ, Brewster SJ, Matise TC, Barrett J, Shea-Drinkwater M, et al. A genome-wide scan for linkage to human exceptional longevity identifies a locus on chromosome 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:10505-8.
24. Haldane JBS. New Paths in Genetics. London: Allen & Unwin 1941.
25. Medawar PB. An Unsolved Problem in Biology. London: H.K. Lewis 1952.
26. Partridge L, Gems D. Mechanisms of ageing: public or private? Nat Rev Genet 2002;3:165-75.
27. Sozou PD, Seymour RM. To age or not to age. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004;7:457-63.
28. Zafon C. Ageing purpose: another thrifty genotype. Med Hypotheses 2003;61:482-5.
29. Arantes-Oliveira N, Apfeld J, Dillin A, Kenyon C. Regulation of life-span by germline stem cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 2002;295:502-5.
30. Sgro CM, Partridge L. A delayed wave of death from reproduction in Drosophila. Science 1999;286:2521-4.
31. Arking R, Buck S, Novoseltev VN, Hwangbo DS, Lane M. Genomic plasticity, energy allocations, and the extended longevity phenotypes of Drosophila. Ageing Res Rev 2002;1:209-28.
32. Miller JK. Escaping senescence: demographic data from the three-toed box turtle (Terrapene carolina triunguis). Exp Gerontol 2001;36:829-32.
33. Keller L, Genoud M. Extraordinary lifespans in ants: A test of evolutionary theories of ageing. Nature 1997;389:958-60.
34. Kirkwood TB. Evolution of ageing. Nature 1977;270:301-4.
35. Kirkwood TB. Human senescence. Bioessays 1996;18:1009-16.
36. Rachmatulina IK. Major demographic characteristics of populations of certain bats from Azerbaijan. In: Horacek J, Vohralik V, eds. Prague Studies in Mammalogy. Prague: Charles University Press 1992:127-41.
37. Wilkinson GS, South JM. Life history, ecology and longevity in bats. Aging Cell 2002;1:124-31.
38. Barclay RMR, Harder LD. Life histories of bats: life in the slow lane. In: Kunz TH, Fenton MB, eds. Bat Ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2003:209-253
39. Brunet-Rossinni AK, Austad SN. Ageing studies on bats: a review. Biogerontology 2004;5:211-22.
40. Gavrilova NS, Gavrilov LA, Semyonova VG, Evdokushkina GN. Does exceptional human longevity come with a high cost of infertility? Testing the evolutionary theories of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1019:513-7.
41. Harman D. Aging: A theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Gerontol 1957;2:298-300.
42. Finkel T, Holbrook NJ. Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature 2000;408: 239-47.
43. Mehlhorn RJ. Oxidants and Antioxidants in Aging. In: Timiras PS. Third ed. Physiological Basis of Aging and Geriatrics. Boca Raton: CRC Press 2003:61-83.
44. Beckman KB, Ames BN. The free radical theory of aging matures. Physiol Rev 1998;78:547-81.
45. Byrne JA, Grieve DJ, Cave AC, Shah AM. Oxidative Stress and Heart Failure. Arch Mal Coeur 2003;96:214-21.
46. Miwa S, Riyahi K, Partridge L, Brand MD. Lack of correlation between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and life span in Drosophila. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1019:388-91.
47. Brunet Rossinni AK. Testing the free radical theory of aging in bats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1019:506-8.
48. Tower J. Transgenic methods for increasing Drosophila life span. Mech Ageing Dev 2000;118:1-4.
49. Arking R, Burde V, Graves K, Hari R, Feldman E, Zeevi A, et al. Forward and reverse selection for longevity in Drosophila is characterized by alteration of antioxidant gene expression and oxidative damage patterns. Exp Gerontol 2000;35:167-85.
50. Larsen PL. Aging and resistance to oxidative damage in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993;90:8905-9.
51. Melov S, Ravenscroft J, Malik S, Gill MS, Walker DW, Clayton PE, et al. Extension of life-span with superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics. Science 2000;289:1567-9.
52. Golden TR, Hinerfeld DA, Melov S. Oxidative stress and aging: beyond correlation. Aging Cell. 2002;1:117-23.
53. Huang TT, Carlson EJ, Gillespie AM, Shi Y, Epstein CJ. Ubiquitous overexpression of CuZn superoxide dismutase does not extend life span in mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000;55:B5-9.
54. Caratero A, Courtade M, Bonnet L, Planel H, Caratero C. Effect of a continuous gamma irradiation at a very low dose on the life span of mice. Gerontology 1998;44:272-6.
55. Merry BJ. Molecular mechanisms linking calorie restriction and longevity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34:1340-54.
56. Mandavilli BS, Santos JH, Van Houten B. Mitochondrial DNA repair and aging. Mutat Res 2002;509:127-51.
57. Shringarpure R, Davies KJ. Protein turnover by the proteasome in aging and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;32:1084-9.
58. Terman A, Dalen H, Eaton JW, Neuzil J, Brunk UT. Aging of cardiac myocytes in culture: oxidative stress, lipofuscin accumulation, and mitochondrial turnover. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1019:70-7.
59. Schipper HM. Brain iron deposition and the free radical-mitochondrial theory of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2004; 3:265-301.
60. Poon HF, Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Butterfield DA. Free radicals: key to brain aging and heme oxygenase as a cellular response to oxidative stress. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2004;59:478-93.
61. Wakayama T, Shinkai Y, Tamashiro KL, Niida H, Blanchard DC, Blanchard RJ, et al. Cloning of mice to six generations. Nature 2000;407:318-9.
62. Hayflick L. The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. Exp Cell Res 1965;37:614-36.
63. Campisi J. Cellular Senescence and Cell Death. In: Timiras PS. Third ed. Physiological Basis of Aging and Geriatrics. Boca Raton: CRC Press 2003:47-59.
64. Blackburn EH. Telomere states and cell fates. Nature 2000;408:53-6.
65. Bodnar AG, Ouellette M, Frolkis M, Holt SE, Chiu CP, Morin GB, et al. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 1998;279:349-52.
66. Collins K. Mammalian telomeres and telomerase. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2000;12:378-83.
67. Wright WE, Piatyszek MA, Rainey WE, Byrd W, Shay JW. Telomerase activity in human germline and embryonic tissues and cells. Dev Genet 1996;18:173-9.
68. Kim NW, Piatyszek MA, Prowse KR, Harley CB, West MD, Ho PL, et al. Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science 1994;266:2011-5.
69. Reddel RR. The role of senescence and immortalization in carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2000;21:477-84.
70. Manestar-Blazic T. Hypothesis on transmission of longevity based on telomere length and state of integrity. Med Hypotheses 2004;62:770-2.
71. Rubin H. The disparity between human cell senescence in vitro and lifelong replication in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20:675-81.
72. Wright WE, Shay JW. Historical claims and current interpretations of replicative aging. Nat Biotechnol 2002;20:682-8.
73. Hipkiss AR. Errors, mitochondrial dysfunction and ageing. Biogerontology 2003;4:397-400.
74. Dimri GP, Lee X, Basile G, Acosta M, Scott G, Roskelley C, et al. A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:9363-7.
75. Krtolica A, Campisi J. Cancer and aging: a model for the cancer promoting effects of the aging stroma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002;34:1401-14.
76. Chang E, Harley CB. Telomere length and replicative aging in human vascular tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:11190-4.
77. Fenton M, Barker S, Kurz DJ, Erusalimsky JD. Cellular senescence after single and repeated balloon catheter denudations of rabbit carotid arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:220-6.
78. Vasile E, Tomita Y, Brown LF, Kocher O, Dvorak HF. Differential expression of thymosin beta-10 by early passage and senescent vascular endothelium is modulated by VPF/VEGF: evidence for senescent endothelial cells in vivo at sites of atherosclerosis. Faseb J 2001;15:458-66.
79. Martin GM, Oshima J. Lessons from human progeroid syndromes. Nature 2000;408:263-6.
80. Lebel M, Leder P. A deletion within the murine Werner syndrome helicase induces sensitivity to inhibitors of topoisomerase and loss of cellular proliferative capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:13097-102.
81. Martin GM, Sprague CA, Epstein CJ. Replicative life-span of cultivated human cells. Effects of donor's age, tissue, and genotype. Lab Invest 1970;23:86-92.
82. Donehower LA. Does p53 affect organismal aging? J Cell Physiol 2002;192:23-33.
83. Chin L, Artandi SE, Shen Q, Tam A, Lee SL, Gottlieb GJ, et al. p53 deficiency rescues the adverse effects of telomere loss and cooperates with telomere dysfunction to accelerate carcinogenesis. Cell 1999;97:527-38.
84. Donebower LA, Harvey M, Slagle BL, McArthur MJ, Montgomery CA Jr, Butel JS, et al. Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumours. Nature 1992;356:215-21.
85. Promislow DE. Protein networks, pleiotropy and the evolution of senescence. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 22:1225-34.
86. Sherr CJ, DePinho RA. Cellular senescence: mitotic clock or culture shock? Cell 2000;102:407-10.
87. Finch CE. Longevity, Senescence and the Genome. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1990.
88. Finch CE. The regulation of physiological changes during mammalian aging. Q Rev Biol 1976;51:49-83.
89. Timiras P. Neuroendocrine models regulating lifespan. In: Schreibman MP, Scanes CG. Development, maturation and senescence of neuroendocrine systems: a comparative approach. New York: Academic Press 1989.
90. Timiras PS. Physiological Basis of Aging and Geriatrics. Third ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press 2003.
91. Geraert E. Constant and continuous growth reduction as a possible cause of ageing. Int J Dev Biol 2004;48:271-4.
92. Bahr BA, Vanderklish PW, Ha LT, Tin MT, Lynch G. Spectrin breakdown products increase with age in telencephalon of mouse brain. Neurosci Lett 1991;131:237-40.
93. Vanderklish PW, Bahr BA. The pathogenic activation of calpain: a marker and mediator of cellular toxicity and disease states. Int J Exp Pathol 2000;81:323-39.
94. Croall DE, DeMartino GN. Calcium-activated neutral protease (calpain) system: structure, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev 1991;71:813-47.
95. Sloane JA, Hinman JD, Lubonia M, Hollander W, Abraham CR. Age-dependent myelin degeneration and proteolysis of oligodendrocyte proteins is associated with the activation of calpain-1 in the rhesus monkey. J Neurochem 2003;84:157-68.
96. Baudry M, DuBrin R, Beasley L, Leon M, Lynch G. Low levels of calpain activity in Chiroptera brain: implications for mechanisms of aging. Neurobiol Aging 1986;7:255-8.
97. Hofman MA. Energy metabolism, brain size and longevity in mammals. Q Rev Biol 1983;58:495-512.
98. Bernard C. Leçons sur les phénomènes de la vie communs aux animaux et aux végétaux. Paris: J.B. Bailliere 1878-79.
99. Cannon WB. The Wisdom of the Body. New York: WW Norton & Co 1932.
100. McEwen BS. The End of Stress as We Know It. Washington: Joseph Henry Press 2002.
101. Selye H. The Stress of Life. New York: McGraw-Hill 1976.
102. Udelsman R, Blake MJ, Stagg CA, Li DG, Putney DJ, Holbrook NJ. Vascular heat shock protein expression in response to stress. Endocrine and autonomic regulation of this age-dependent response. J Clin Invest 1993;91:465-73.
103. Wise PM, Scarbrough K, Lloyd J, Cai A, Harney J, Chiu S, et al. Neuroendocrine concomitants of reproductive aging. Exp Gerontol 1994;29:275-83.
104. Kawano T, Ito Y, Ishiguro M, Takuwa K, Nakajima T, Kimura Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of a new insulin/IGF-like peptide of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;273:431-6.
105. Vina J, Sastre J, Pallardo F, Borras C. Mitochondrial theory of aging: importance to explain why females live longer than males. Antioxid Redox Signal 2003;5:549-56.
106. Effros RB. From Hayflick to Walford: the role of T cell replicative senescence in human aging. Exp Gerontol 2004;39:885-90.
107. Franceschi C, Valensin S, Bonafe M, Paolisso G, Yashin AI, Monti D, et al. The network and the remodeling theories of aging: historical background and new perspectives. Exp Gerontol 2000;35:879-96.
108. Ginaldi L, Sternberg H. The Immune System. In: Timiras PS. Third ed. Physiological Basis of Aging and Geriatrics. Boca Raton: CRC Press 2003.
109. George AJ, Ritter MA. Thymic involution with ageing: obsolescence or good housekeeping? Immunol Today 1996;17:267-72.
110. Franceschi C, Monti D, Sansoni P, Cossarizza A. The immunology of exceptional individuals: the lesson of centenarians. Immunol Today 1995;16:12-6.
111. Wikby A, Johansson B, Olsson J, Lofgren S, Nilsson BO, Ferguson F. Expansions of peripheral blood CD8 T-lymphocyte subpopulations and an association with cytomegalovirus seropositivity in the elderly: the Swedish NONA immune study. Exp Gerontol 2002;37:445-53.
112. Pawelec G, Ouyang Q, Wikby A. Pathways to a robust immune response in the elderly. In: Mountz JD. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America: Impact of Immune Senescence on Human Aging. vol. 23. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co 2003:1-13.
113. Panossian L, Porter VR, Valenzuela HF, Masterman D, Reback E, Cummings J, et al. Telomere shortening in T cells correlates with Alzheimer's disease status. Neurobiol Aging 2002;24:77-84.
114. Pietschmann P, Grisar J, Thien R, Willheim M, Kerschan-Schindl K, Preisinger E, et al. Immune phenotype and intracellular cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from postmenopausal patients with osteoporotic fractures. Exp Gerontol 2001;36:1749-59.
115. Arron JR, Choi Y. Bone versus immune system. Int Immunol 2000;408:535-6.
116. Samani NJ, Boultby R, Butler R, Thompson JR, Goodall AH. Telomere shortening in atherosclerosis. Lancet 2001;358:472-3.
117. Jonasson L, Tompa A, Wikby A. Expansion of peripheral CD8? T cells in patients with coronary artery disease: relation to cytomegalovirus infection. J Intern Med 2003;254:472-8.
118. de Boer OJ, Becker AE, van der Wal AC. T lymphocytes in atherogenesis-functional aspects and antigenic repertoire. Cardiovasc Res 2003;60:78-86.
119. Shock NW. Age changes in physiological functions in the total animal: The role of tissue loss. In: Strehler BL, Ebert JD, Shock NW. Third ed. The Biology of Aging: a Symposium. Washington, DC: Am Inst Biol Sci 1960.
120. Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Human aging: usual and successful. Science 1987;237:143-9.
121. Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Successful aging. Aging 1998;10:142-4.
122. Mobbs CV, Bray GA, Atkinson RL, Bartke A, Finch CE, Maratos-Flier E, et al. Neuroendocrine and pharmacological manipulations to assess how caloric restriction increases life span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:34-44.
123. Weindruch R, Watford RL. The Retardation of Aging and Diseases by Dietary Restriction. Springfield, IL: Thomas 1998.
124. Lane N. A unifying view of ageing and disease: the double-agent theory. J Theor Biol 2003;21:531-40.