Pathways to a robust immune response in the elderly

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 1-13

  Pawelec, Graham ^a,c   Ouyang, Qin ^a   Wagner, Wolfgang ^d   Biol, Dipl ^a   Wikby, Anders ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^b JÖNKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

AGE; AGED; AGING; AUTOIMMUNITY; CANCER; CLONE; GENETIC RISK; GERONTOLOGY; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PHENOTYPE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SENESCENCE; T LYMPHOCYTE; VACCINATION;

EID: 0037332247     PISSN: 08898561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8561(02)00075-9     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Proust JJ. Immunity and aging. In: Grimly Evans J, Williams TF, Beattie BL, Michel J-P, Wilcock GK, editors. Oxford textbook of geriatric medicine. 2nd edition. Oxford: OUP; 2000. p. 68-79.
2. Lewthwaite P, Parsons HK, Bates CJ, McKendrick MW, Docktell DH. Group G streptococcal bacteremia: an opportunistic infection associated with immune senescence. Scand J Infect Dis 2002;34:83-7.
3. Fein AM. Pneumonia in the elderly: overview of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:726-9.
4. Berger R, Florent G, Just M. Decrease of the lymphoproliferative response to varicella-zoster virus antigen in the aged. Infect Immun 1981;32:24-7.
5. Zhang Y, Cosyns M, Levin MJ, Hayward AR. Cytokine production in varicella zoster virus-stimulated limiting dilution lymphocyte cultures. Clin Exp Immunol 1994;98:128-33.
6. Scott BJ, Powers DC, Johnson JE, Morley JE. Seroepidemiologic evidence of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in a veterans' nursing home. Serodiagnosis and Immunotherapy of Infectious Diseases 1994;6:87-92.
7. Nagami PH, Yoskikawa TT. Tuberculosis in the geriatric patient. J Am Geriatr Soc 1983; 31:356-63.
8. Falsey AR. Epidemiology of infectious disease. In: Grimly Evans J, Williams TF, Beattie BL, Michel J-P, Wilcock GK, editors. Oxford textbook of geriatric medicine. 2nd edition. Oxford: OUP; 2000. p. 55-64.
9. La Croix AZ, Lipson S, Miles TP, Whilte L. Prospective study of pneumonia hospitalization and mortality of US older people: the role of chronic conditions, health behaviors and nutritional status. Public Health Rep 1989;104:350-60.
10. Ackermann RJ, Munroe PW. Bacteremic urinary tract infection in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:927-33.
11. Chattopadhyay B, Al-Zahawi M. Septocemia and its unacceptably high mortality in the elderly. J Infect 1983;7:134-8.
12. Gorse GJ, Thrupp LD, Nudleman KL, Wyle FA, Hawkins B, Cesario TC. Bacterial meningitis in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 1984;144:1603-7.
13. Barker WH, Mullooly JP. Impact of epidemic type A influenza in a defined adult population. Am J Epidemiol 1980;112:798-813.
14. Sprenger MJW, Mulder PGH, Beyer WEP, Van Strik R, Masurel N. Impact of influenza on mortality in relation to age and underlying disease. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22:334-40.
15. Yoshikawa TT. Perspective: Aging and infectious diseases: past, present, and future. J Infect Dis 1997;176:1053-7.
16. Looney RJ, Falsey AR, Walsh E, Campbell D. Effect of aging on cytokine production in response to respiratory syncitial virus infection. J Infect Dis 2002;185:682-5.
17. MacGee W. Causes of death in a hospitalized geriatric population: an autopsy study of 3000 patients. Virchows Arch 1993;423:343-9.
18. Klima MP, Povysil C, Teasdale TA. Causes of death in geriatric patients: a cross-cultural study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997;52:M247-53.
19. Bordin P, DaCol PG, Peruzzo P, Stanta G, Guralnik JM, Cattin L. Causes of death and clinical diagnostic errors in extreme aged hospitalized people: a retrospective clinical-necropsy survey. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999;54:M554-9.
20. Horiuchi S, Wilmoth JR. Age patterns of the life table aging rate for major causes of death in Japan, 1951-1990. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997;52:B67-77.
21. Dworsky R, Paganini-Hill A, Arthur M, Parker J. Immune responses of healthy humans 83-104 years of age. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:265-8.
22. Schatz D, Ellis T, Ottendorfer E, Jodoin E, Barrett D, Atkinson M. Aging and the immune response to tetanus toxoid: diminished frequency and level of cellular immune reactivity to antigenic stimulation. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1998;5:894-6.
23. Remarque EJ. Influenza vaccination in elderly people. Exp Gerontol 1999;34:445-52.
24. Murasko DM, et al. Role of humoral and cell mediated-immunity in protection from influenza disease after immunization of healthy elderly. Exp Gerontol 2002;37:427-39.
25. Ruben FL, Nagel J, Fireman PP. Antitoxin responses in the elderly to tetanus-diphtheria in the (Td) immunizations. Am J Epidemiol 1978;108:145-55.
26. Armitage KB, et al. Transient normalization of lymphocyte blastogenic and specific antibody responses following boosting of healthy elderly subjects with tetanus toxoid. J Gerontol 1993; 48:M19-25.
27. Steger MM, Maczek C, Berger P, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Vaccination against tetanus in the elderly: do recommended vaccination strategies give sufficient protection? Lancet 1996; 348:762.
28. McElhaney JE, Meneilly GS, Pinkoski MJ, Lechelt KE, Bleackley RC. Vaccine-related determinants of the interleukin-2 response to influenza vaccination in healthy young and elderly adults. Vaccine 1995;13:6-10.
29. Provinciali M, Argentati K, Tibaldi A. Efficacy of cancer gene therapy in aging: adenocarcinoma cells engineered to release 1L-2 are rejected but do not induce tumor specific immune memory in old mice. Gene Ther 2000;7:624-32.
30. Remarque EJ, Cools HJM, Boere TJ, Vanderklis RJ, Masurel N, Ligthart GJ. Functional disability and antibody response to influenza vaccine in elderly patients in a Dutch nursing home. BMJ 1996;312:1015.
31. De Greef GE, et al. Influence of aging on antibody formation in vivo after immunisation with the primary T-cell dependent antigen helix-pomatia haemocyanin. Mech Ageing Dev 1992;66:15-28.
32. Lesourd B. Protein undernutrition as the major cause of decreased immune function in the elderly: clinical and functional implications. Nutr Rev 1995;53:S86-94.
33. Kreft B, Fischer A, Kruger S, Sack K, Kirchner H, Rink L. The impaired immune response to diphtheria vaccination in elderly chronic hemodialysis patients is related to zinc deficiency. Biogerontology 2000;1:61-6.
34. Potter JM, O'Donnel B, Carman WF, Roberts MA, Stott DJ. Serological responses to influenza vaccination and nutritional and functional status of patients in geriatric medical long-term care. Age Aging 1999;28:141-5.
35. Pawelec G, et al. T cells and aging. Front Biosci 2002;7:D1056-183.
36. Roberts-Thomson IC, Whittingham S, Youngchaiyud U, Mackay IR. Aging, immune response and mortality. Lancet 1974;2:368-70.
37. Murasko DM, Weiner P, Kaye D. Association of lack of mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation with increased mortality in the elderly. Aging: Immunology and Infectious Disease 1988;1:1-23.
38. Wayne SJ, Rhyne RL, Garry PJ, Goodwin JS. Cell-mediated immunity as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in subjects over 60. J Gerontol 1990;45:45-8.
39. Ligthart GJ, et al. Admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man: the SENIEUR protocol. Mech Ageing Dev 1984;28:47-55.
40. Bernstein ED, Murasko DM. Effect of age on cytokine production in humans. Age 1998;21:137-51.
41. Pawelec G, Hirokawa K, Fulop T. Altered T cell signalling in aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2001; 122:1613-37.
42. Wikby A, Johansson B, Ferguson F, Olsson J. Age-related changes in immune parameters in a very old population of Swedish people: a longitudinal study. Exp Gerontol 1994;29:531-41.
43. Ferguson FG, Wikby A, Maxson P, Olsson J, Johansson B. Immune parameters in a longitudinal study of a very old population of Swedish people: a comparison between survivors and nonsurvivors. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995;50:B378-82.
44. Wikby A, Maxson P, Olsson J, Johansson B, Ferguson FG. Changes in CD8 and CD4 lymphocyte subsets, T cell proliferation responses and non-survival in the very old: the Swedish longitudinal OCTO-immune study. Mech Ageing Dev 1998;102:187-98.
45. Olsson J, Wikby A, Johansson B, Löfgren, S, Nilsson BO, Ferguson FG. Age-related change in peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and cytomegalovirus infection in the very old: the Swedish longitudinal OCTO immune study. Mech Ageing Dev 2000; 121:187-201.
46. Pawelec G, Ferguson FG, Wikby A. The SENIEUR protocol after 16 years. Mech Ageing Dev 2001;122:132-4.
47. Looney RJ, et al. Role of cytomegalovirus in the T cell changes seen in elderly individuals. Clin Immunol 1999;90:213-9.
48. Wikby A, Johansson B, Olsson J, Löfgren S, Nilsson B-O, Ferguson FG. Expansion of peripheral blood CD8 T lymphocyte subpopulations and an association with cytomegalovirus positivity in the elderly: the Swedish NONA-immune study. Exp Gerontol 2002;37:445-53.
49. Appay V, et al. Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections. Nat Med 2002;8:379-85.
50. Lombardi G, Sidhu S, Batchelor R, Lechler R. Anergic T cells as suppressor cells in vitro. Science 1994;264:1587-9.
51. Spaulding C, Guo W, Effros RB. Resistance to apoptosis in human CD8+ T cells that reach replicative senescence after multiple rounds of antigen-specific proliferation. Exp Gerontol 1999; 34:633-44.
52. Globerson A, Effros RB. Aging of lymphocytes and lymphocytes in the aged. Immunol Today 2000;21:515-21.
53. Posnett DN, Edinger JW, Manavalan JS, Irwin C, Marodon G. Differentiation of human CD8 T cells: implications for in vivo persistence of CD8+ CD28 - cytotoxic effector clones. Int Immunol 1999;11:229-41.
54. Spaulding CC, Walford RL, Effros RB. The accumulation of non-replicative, non-functional, senescent T cells with age is avoided in calorically restricted mice by an enhancement of T cell apoptosis. Mech Ageing Dev 1997;93:25-33.
55. Grayson JM, Zajac AJ, Altman JD, Ahmed R. Cutting edge: Increased expression of Bcl-2 in antigen-specific memory CD8(+) T cells. J Immunol 2000;164:3950-4.
56. Zhou T, Edwards CK, Mountz JD. Prevention of age-related T cell apoptosis defect in CD2-fastransgenic mice. J Exp Med 1995;182:129-37.
57. Hsu HC, et al. Activated CD8+ T cells from aged mice exhibit decreased activation-induced cell death. Mech Ageing Dev 2001;122:1663-84.
58. Zhang X, Fujii H, Kishimoto H, LeRoy E, Surh CD, Sprent J. Aging leads to disturbed homeostasis of memory phenotype CD8+ cells. J Exp Med 2002;195:283-93.
59. Ku CC, Murakami M, Sakamato A, Kappler J, Marrack P. Control of homeostasis of CD8(+) memory T cells by opposing cytokines. Science 2000;288:675-8.
60. Provinciali M, et al. Adjuvant effect of low-dose interleukin-2 on antibody response to influenza virus vaccination in healthy elderly subjects. Mech Ageing Dev 1994;77:75-82.
61. Franceschi C, Bonafe M, Valensin S. Human immunosenescence: the prevailing of innate immunity, the failing of clonotypic immunity, and the filling of immunological space. Vaccine 2000;18:1717-20.
62. Effros RB, Pawelec G. Replicative senescence of T lymphocytes: does the Hayflick Limit lead to immune exhaustion? Immunol Today 1997;18:450-4.
63. Adibzadeh M, Pohla H, Rehbein A, Pawelec G. Long-term culture of monoclonal human T lymphocytes: models for immunosenescence? Mech Ageing Dev 1995;83:171-83.
64. Pawelec G, Rehbein A, Haehnel K, Merl A, Adibzadeh M. Human T cell clones as a model for immunosenescence. Immunol Rev 1997;160:31-43.
65. Pawelec G, Mariani E, Bradley B, Solana R. Longevity in vitro of human CD4+ T helper cell clones derived from young donors and elderly donors, or from progenitor cells: age-associated differences in cell surface molecule expression and cytokine secretion. Biogerontology 2000; 1:247-54.
66. Pawelec G, Barnett Y, Mariani E, Solana R. Human CD4+ T cell clone longevity in tissue culture: lack of influence of donor age or cell origin. Exp Gerontol 2002;37:265-70.
67. Globerson A. Hematopoietic stem cells and aging. Exp Gerontol 1999;34:137-46.
68. Guba SC, Vesole DH, Jagannath S, Bracy D, Barlogie B, Tricot G. Peripheral stem cell mobilization and engraftment in patients over age 60. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997;20:1-3.
69. Effros RB, Globerson A. Hematopoietic stem cells and replicative senescence. Exp Gerontol 2002;37:191-6.
70. Jamieson BD, et al. Generation of functional thymocytes in the human adult. Immunity 1999; 10:569-75.
71. Aspinall R, Andrew D. Thymic atrophy in the mouse is a soluble problem of the thymic environment. Vaccine 2000;18:1629-37.
72. Hooijberg E, Ruizendaal JJ, Snijders PJF, Kueter EWM, Walboomers JMM, Spits H. Immortalization of human CD8(+) T cell clones by ectopic expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase. J Immunol 2000;165:4239-45.
73. Adolfsson O, Huber BT, Meydani SN. Vitamin E-enhanced IL-2 production in old mice: naive but not memory T cells show increased cell division cycling and IL-2-producing capacity. J Immunol 2001;167:3809-17.
74. Couziech N, et al. Modulation of human lymphocyte proliferative responses with aging. Exp Gerontol 2002;37:369-87.
75. Orentreich N, Brind JL, Vogelman JH, Andres R, Baldwin H. Long-term longitudinal measurements of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:1002-4.
76. Petersen JR, Linde MK, Bissell MG. The possible association of decreased total cholesterol and severity of disease in elderly hospitalized patients. Clin Chim Acta 2000;290:213-20.
77. Weverling-Rijnsburger AWE, Blauw GJ, Lagaay AM, Knook DL, Meinders AE, Westendorp RGJ. Total cholesterol and risk of mortality in the oldest old. Lancet 1997;350:1119-23.
78. Lio D, et al. Gender-specifc association between -1082 IL-10 promoter polymorphism and longevity. Genes Immun 2002;3:30-3.
79. Schoenfeld Y, Harats D, Wick G. Atherosclerosis and autoimmunity. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2001.