Histone dynamics in living cells revealed by photobleaching

DNA Repair

Volumn 4, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 939-950

  Kimura, Hiroshi ^a  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP); Green fluorescent protein (GFP); Histone exchange; Living cells; Molecular kinetics

Indexed keywords

CENTROMERE PROTEIN A; HISTONE; HISTONE H2A; HISTONE H2B; HISTONE H3; NUCLEAR PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CELL CYCLE G2 PHASE; DNA REPLICATION; EUCHROMATIN; FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOSOME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DNA BINDING; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; SHORT SURVEY;

EID: 21844465956     PISSN: 15687864     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.04.012     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. K. Luger, A.W. Mader, R.K. Richimond, D.F. Sargent, and T.J. Richmond Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 A resolution Nature 389 1997 251 260
2. A. Verreault De novo nucleosome assembly: new pieces in old puzzle Genes Dev. 14 2000 1430 1438
3. J.A. Mello, and G. Almouzni The ins and outs of nucleosome assembly Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11 2001 136 141
4. A.E. Ehrenhofer-Murray Chromatin dynamics at DNA replication, transcription and repair Eur. J. Biochem. 271 2004 2335 23249
5. V. Jackson, and R. Chalkley Histone synthesis and deposition in the G1 and S phases of hepatoma tissue culture cells Biochemistry 24 1985 6921 6930
6. L. Louters, and R. Chalkley Exchange of histones H1, H2A, and H2B in vivo Biochemistry 4 1985 3080 3085
7. V. Jackson In vivo studies on the dynamics of histone-DNA interaction: evidence for nucleosome dissolution during replication and transcription and a low level of dissolution independent on both Biochemistry 29 1990 719 731
8. M.J. Hendzel, and J.R. Davie Nucleosomal histones of transcriptionally active/competent chromatin preferentially exchange with newly synthesized histones in quiescent chicken erythrocytes Biochem. J. 271 1990 67 73
9. T. Manser, T. Thacher, and M. Rechsteiner Arginine-rich histones do not exchange between human and mouse chromosomes in hybrid cells Cell 19 1980 993 1003
10. S.K. Krudistani, and M. Grunstein In vivo protein-protein and protein-DNA crosslinking for genomewide binding microarray Methods 31 2003 90 95
11. L.P. O'Neill, and B.M. Turner Immunoprecipitation of native chromatin: NChIP Methods 31 2003 76 82
12. B.M. Turner Cellular memory and the histone code Cell 111 2002 285 291
13. W. Fischle, Y. Wang, and C.D. Allis Histone and chromatin cross-talk Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15 2003 172 183
14. A. Flaus, and T. Owen-Hughes Mechanisms for ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling: farewell to the tuna-can octamer? Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 14 2004 165 173
15. C.L. Peterson, and M.A. Laniel Histones and histone modifications Curr. Biol. 14 2004 R546 R551
16. R.Y. Tsien The green fluorescent protein Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67 1998 509 544
17. J. White, and E. Stelzer Photobleaching GFP reveals protein dynamics inside live cells Trends Cell Biol. 9 1999 61 65
18. A.B. Houtsmuller, and W. Vermeulen Macromolecular dynamics in living cell nuclei revealed by fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching Histochem. Cell Biol. 15 2001 13 21
19. R.D. Phair, and T. Misteli Kinetic modeling approaches to in vivo imaging Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2 2001 898 907
20. J. Lippincott-Schwartz, E. Snapp, and A. Kenworthy Studying protein dynamics in living cells Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2 2001 444 456
21. J. Lippincott-Schwartz, N. Altan-Bonnet, and G.H. Patterson Photobleaching and photoactivation: following protein dynamics in living cells Nature Cell Biol. Suppl. 2003 S7 S14
22. H. Kimura, M. Hieda, and M.P.R. Cook Measuring histone and polymerase dynamics in living cells Methods Enzymol. 375 2004 381 393
23. R.D. Phair, S.A. Gorski, and S.A.T. Misteli Measurement of dynamic protein binding to chromatin in vivo, using photobleaching microscopy Methods Enzymol. 375 2004 393 414
24. D. Hoogstraten, A.L. Nigg, H. Heath, L.H. Mullenders, R. van Driel, J.H. Hoeijmakers, and W. Vermeulen Rapid switching of TFIIH between RNA polymerase I and II transcription and DNA repair in vivo Mol. Cell 10 2002 1163 1174
25. R.D. Phair, P. Scaffidi, C. Elbi, J. Vecerova, A. Dey, K. Ozato, D.T. Brown, G. Hager, M. Bustin, and T. Misteli Global nature of dynamic protein-chromatin interactions in vivo: three-dimensional genome scanning and dynamic interaction networks of chromatin proteins Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 2004 6393 6402
26. B.L. Sprague, R.L. Pego, D.A. Stavreva, and J.G. McNally Analysis of binding reactions by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching Biophys. J. 86 2004 3473 3495
27. M. Dundr, U. Hoffmann-Rohrer, Q. Hu, I. Grummt, L.I. Rothblum, R.D. Phair, and T. Misteli A kinetic framework for a mammalian RNA polymerase in vivo Science 298 2002 1623 1626
28. M. Dundr, M.D. Hebert, T.S. Karpova, D. Stanek, H. Xu, K.B. Shpargel, U.T. Meier, K.M. Neugebauer, A.G. Matera, and T. Misteli In vivo kinetics of Cajal body components J. Cell Biol. 164 2004 831 842
29. Y. Mikami, T. Hori, H. Kimura, and T. Fukagawa Functional region of CENP-H interacts with the Nuf2 complex that localizes to centromere during mitosis Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 2005 1958 1970
30. R.D. Phair, and T. Misteli High mobility of proteins in the mammalian cell nucleus Nature 404 2000 604 609
31. H. Kimura, K. Sugaya, and P.R. Cook The transcription cycle of RNA polymerase II in living cells J. Cell Biol. 159 2002 777 782
32. H. Kimura, and P.R. Cook Kinetics of core histones in living human cells: little exchange of H3 and H4 and some rapid exchange of H2B J. Cell Biol. 153 2001 1341 1353
33. J.E. Sleeman, P. Ajuh, and A.I. Lamond snRNP protein expression enhances the formation of Cajal bodies containing p80-coilin and SMN J. Cell Sci. 114 2001 4407 4419
34. T. Kanda, K.F. Sullivan, and K.F.G.M. Wahl Histone-GFP fusion protein enables sensitive analysis of chromosome dynamics in living mammalian cells Curr. Biol. 8 1998 377 385
35. T. Kanda, and G.M. Wahl The dynamics of acentric chromosomes in cancer cells revealed by GFP-based chromosome labeling strategies J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl 35 2000 107 114
36. T. Misteli, A. Gunjan, R. Hock, M Bustin, and D.T. Brown Dynamic binding of histone H1 to chromatin in living cells Nature 408 2000 877 881
37. Y. Dou, J. Bowen, Y. Liu, and M.A. Gorovsky Phosphorylation and an ATP-dependent process increase the dynamic exchange of H1 in chromatin J. Cell Biol. 158 2002 1161 1170
38. M.A. Lever, X. Th'ng, M.J. Sun, and M.J. Hendzel Rapid exchange of histone H1.1 on chromatin in living human cells Nature 408 2000 873 876
39. K.F. Tóth, T.A. Knoch, M. Wachsmuth, M. Frank-Stohr, M. Stohr, C.P. Bacher, G. Muller, and K. Rippe Trichostatin A-induced histone acetylation causes decondensation of interphase chromatin J. Cell Sci. 117 2004 4277 4287
40. A. Contreras, T.K. Hale, D.L. Stenoien, J.M. Rosen, M.A. Mancini, and M.A.R.E. Herrera The dynamic mobility of histone H1 is regulated by cyclin/CDK phosphorylation Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 2003 8626 8636
41. F. Catez, D.T. Brown, T. Misteli, and M. Bustin Competition between histone H1 and HMGN proteins for chromatin binding sites EMBO Rep. 3 2002 760 766
42. T. Teranishi, M. Tanaka, S. Kimoto, Y. Ono, K. Miyakoshi, T. Kono, and Y. Yoshimura Rapid replacement of somatic linker histones with the oocyte-specific liker histone H1foo in nuclear transfer Dev. Biol. 266 2004 76 86
43. P.J. Verschure, I. van der Kraan, E.M.M. Manders, D. Hoogstraten, A.B. Houtsmuller, and R. van Driel R Condensed chromatin domains in the mammalian nucleus are accessible to large macromolecules EMBO Rep. 4 2003 861 866
44. D. Chen, M. Dundr, C. Wang, A. Leung, A. Lamond, T. Misteli, and S. Huang Condensed mitotic chromatin is accessible to transcription factors and chromatin structural proteins J. Cell Biol. 168 2005 41 54
45. J. Ausió, and K.E. van Holde Histone hyperacetylation: its effects on nucleosome conformation and stability Biochemistry 22 1986 1421 1428
46. X. Wang, S.C. Moore, M. Laszckzak, and J. Ausió Acetylation increases the a-helical content of the histone tails of the nucleosome J. Biol. Chem. 275 2000 35013 35020
47. W. Li, S. Nagaraja, G.P. Delcuve, M.J. Hendzel, and J.R. Davie Effects of histone acetylation, ubiquitination and variants on nucleosome stability Biochem. J. 296 1993 737 744
48. M. Hirose Effects of histone acetylation on nucleosome properties as evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and hydroxylapatite dissociation chromatography J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 103 1988 31 35
49. B.M. Turner Histone acetylation and control of gene expression J. Cell Sci. 99 1991 13 20
50. Y. Ishimi, J. Hirosumi, K. Sato, K. Sugasawa, S. Yokota, F. Hanaoka, and M. Yamada Purification and initial characterization of a protein which facilitates assembly of nucleosome-like structure from mammalian cells Eur. J. Biochem. 142 1984 431 439
51. A. Loyola, and G. Almouzni Histone chaperones, a supporting role in the limelight Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1677 2004 3 11
52. T. Ito, T. Ikehara, T. Nakagawa, W.L. Kraus, and M. Muramatsu p300-mediated acetylation facilitates the transfer of histone H2A-H2B dimers from nucleosomes to a histone chaperone Genes Dev. 14 2000 1899 1907
53. B.D. Strahl, and C.D. Allis The language of covalent histone modifications Nature 403 2000 41 45
54. Y.-J. Park, J.V. Chodaparambil, Y. Bao, S.J. McBryant, and K. Luger Nucleosome assembly protein 1 exchanges histone H2A-H2B dimers and assists nucleosome sliding J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 1817 1825
55. M. Bruno, A. Flaus, C. Stockdale, C. Rencurel, H. Ferreira, and T. Owen-Hughes Histone H2A/H2B dimer exchange by ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activities Mol. Cell 12 2003 1599 1606
56. M.L. Kireeva, W. Walter, V. Tchernajenko, V. Bondarenko, M. Kashlev, and V.M. Studitsky Nucleosome remodeling induced by RNA polymerase II: loss of the H2A/H2B dimer during transcription Mol. Cell 9 2002 541 552
57. Y. Lorch, J.W. LaPointe, and R.D. Kornberg Nucleosomes inhibit the initiation of transcription but allow chain elongation with the displacement of histones Cell 49 1987 203 210
58. D.J. Clark, and G. Felsenfeld A nucleosome core is transferred out of the path of a transcribing polymerase Cell 71 1992 11 22
59. T. Formosa, S. Roune, M.D. Adams, A.E. Olsen, P. Eriksson, Y. Yu, A.R. Rhoades, P.D. Kaufman, and D.J. Stillman Defects in SPT16 or POB3 (yFACT) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cause dependence on the Hir/Hpc pathway: polymerase passage may degrade chromatin structure Genetics 162 2002 1557 1571
60. R. Belotserkovskaya, S. Oh, V.A. Bondarenko, G. Orphanides, V.M. Studitsky, and D. Reinberg Fact facilitates transcription-dependent nucleosome alteration Science 301 2003 1090 1093
61. P.B. Mason, and K. Struhl The FACT complex travels with elongating RNA polymerase II and is important for the fidelity of transcriptional initiation in vivo Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 2003 8323 8333
62. A. Saunders, J. Werner, E.D. Andrulis, T. Nakayama, S. Hirose, D. Reinberg, and J.T. Lis Tracking FACT and the RNA polymerase II elongation complex through chromatin in vivo Science 301 2003 1094 1096
63. K.E. van Holde, D.E. Lohr, and C. Robert What happens to nucleosomes during transcription? J. Biol. Chem. 267 1992 2837 2840
64. M.A. Schwabish, and K. Struhl Evidence for eviction and rapid deposition of histones upon transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 2004 10111 10117
65. V. Levchenko, and V. Jackson Histone release during transcription: NAP1 forms a complex with H2A and H2B and facilitates a topologically dependent release of H3 and H4 from the nucleosome Biochemistry 43 2004 2359 2372
66. D.A. Jackson, F.J. Iborra, E.M.M. Manders, and P.R. Cook Numbers and organization of RNA polymerases, nascent transcripts and transcription units in HeLa nuclei Mol. Biol. Cell 9 1998 1523 1536
67. A.M. Femino, F.S. Fay, K. Fogarty, and R.H. Singer Visualization of single RNA transcripts in situ Science 280 1998 585 590
68. K. Ahmad, and S. Henikoff The histone variant H3.3 marks active chromatin by replication-independent nucleosome assembly Mol. Cell 9 2002 1191 1200
69. S.M. Janicki, T. Tsukamoto, S.E. Salghetti, W.P. Tansey, R. Sachidanandam, K.V. Prasanth, T. Ried, Y. Shav-Tal, E. Bertrand, R.H. Singer, and D.L. Spector From silencing to gene expression: real-time analysis in single cells Cell 116 2004 683 698
70. H. Tagami, D. Ray-Gallet, G. Almouzni, and Y. Nakatani Histone H3.1 and H3.3 complexes mediate nucleosome assembly pathways dependent or independent of DNA synthesis Cell 116 2004 51 61
71. K. Shibahara, and B. Stillman Replication-dependent marking of DNA by PCNA facilitates CAF-1-coupled inheritance of chromatin Cell 96 1999 575 585
72. Y. Shi, F. Lan, C. Matson, P. Mulligan, J.R. Whetstine, P.A. Cole, R.A. Casero, and Y. Shi Histone demethylation mediated by the nuclear amine oxidase homolog LSD1 Cell 119 2004 941 953
73. E. McKittrick, P.R. Gafken, K. Ahmad, and S. Henikoff Histone H3.3 is enriched in covalent modifications associated with active chromatin Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 2004 1525 1530
74. M.M. Smith Centromeres and variant histones: what, where, when and why? Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14 2002 279 285
75. T. Fukagawa Assembly of kinetochores in vertebrate cells Exp. Cell Res. 296 2004 21 27
76. B. Sullivan, and G. Karpen Centromere identity in Drosophila is not determined in vivo by replication timing J. Cell Biol. 154 2001 683 690
77. T. Hayashi, Y. Fujita, O. Iwasaki, Y. Adachi, K. Takahashi, and M. Yanagida Mis16 and Mis18 are required for CENP-A loading and histone deacetylation at centromeres Cell 118 2004 715 729
78. P.Y. Perche, C. Vourc'h, L. Konecny, C. Souchier, M. Robert-Nicoud, S. Dimitrov, and S. Khochbin Higher concentration of histone macroH2A in the Barr body are correlated with higher nucleosome density Curr. Biol. 10 2000 1531 1534
79. C. Costanzi, and J.R. Pehrson Histone macroH2A1 is concentrated in the inactive X chromosome of female mammals Nature 393 1998 599 601
80. D. Wade Abbott, M. Laszczak, J.D. Lewis, H. Su, S.C. Moore, M. Hills, S. Dimitrov, and J. Ausió Structural characterization of macroH2A containing chromatin Biochemistry 43 2004 1352 1359
81. X. Liu, B. Li, and M.A. Gorovsky Essential and nonessential histone H2A variants in Tetrahymena thermophila Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 1996 4305 4311
82. A. van Daal, and S.C. Elgin A histone variant, H2AvD, is essential in Drosophila melanogaster Mol. Biol. Cell 3 1992 593 602
83. R. Faast, V. Thonglairoam, T.C. Schulz, J. Beall, J.R. Wells, H. Taylor, K. Matthaei, P.D. Rathjen, D.J. Tremethick, and I. Lyons Histone variant H2A.Z is required for early mammalian development Curr. Biol. 11 2001 1183 1187
84. L.A. Stargell, J. Bowen, C.A. Dadd, P.C. Dedon, M. Davis, R.G. Cook, C.D. Allis, and M.A. Gorovsky Temporal and spatial association of histone H2A variant hv1 with transcriptionally competent chromatin during nuclear development in Tetrahymena thermophila Genes Dev. 7 1993 2641 2651
85. M.D. Meneghini, M. Wu, and H.D. Madhani Conserved histone variant H2A.Z protects euchromatin from the ectopic spread of silent heterochromatin Cell 112 2003 725 736
86. D. Wade Abbott, V.S. Ivanova, X. Wang, W.M. Bonner, and J. Ausió Characterization of the stability and folding of H2A.Z chromatin particles: implications for transcriptional activation J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 41945 41949
87. J.Y. Fan, F. Gordon, K. Luger, J.C. Hansen, and D.J. Tremethick The essential histone variant H2A.Z regulates the equilibrium between different chromatin conformational states Nature Struct. Biol. 9 2002 172 176
88. N.J. Krogan, M.C. Keogh, N. Datta, C. Sawa, O.W. Ryan, H. Ding, R.A. Haw, J. Pootoolal, A. Tong, V. Canadien, D.P. Richards, X. Wu, A. Emili, T.R. Hughes, S. Buratowski, and J.F. Greenblatt A Snf2 family ATPase complex required for recruitment of the histone H2A variant Htz1 Mol. Cell 12 2003 1565 1576
89. M.S. Kobor, S. Venkatasubrahmanyam, M.D. Meneghini, J.W. Gin, J.L. Jennings, A.J. Link, H.D. Madhani, and J. Rine A protein complex containing the conserved Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase Swr1p deposits histone variant H2A.Z into euchromatin PLoS Biol. 2 2004 131
90. G. Mizuguchi, X. Shen, J. Landry, W.-H. Wu, S. Sen, and C. Wu ATP-driven exchange of histone H2AZ variant catalyzed by SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex Science 303 2004 343 348
91. A.G. Ladurner, C. Inouye, R. Jain, and R. Tjian Bromodomains mediate an acetyl-histone encoded antisilincing function at heterochromatin boundaries Mol. Cell 11 2003 365 376
92. B.P. Chadwick, and H.F. Willard A novel chromatin protein, distantly related to histone H2A, is largely excluded from the inactive X chromosome J. Cell Biol. 152 2001 375 384
93. T. Gautier, D. Wade Abbott, A. Molla, J. Ausió, and S. Dimitrov Histone variant H2ABbd confers lower stability to the nucleosome EMBO Rep. 5 2004 1 6
94. Y. Bao, K. Konesky, Y.-J. Park, S. Rosu, P.N. Dyer, D. Rangasamy, D.J. Tremethick, P.J. Laybourn, and K. Luger Nucleosomes containing the histone variant H2A.Bbd organize only 118 base pairs of DNA EMBO J. 23 2004 3314 3324
95. C. Rendon, D. Pilch, E. Rogakou, O. Sedelnikova, K. Newrock, and W. Bonner Histone H2A variants H2AX and H2AZ Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 12 2002 162 169
96. J.S. Siino, I.B. Nazarov, M.P. Svetlova, L.V. Solovjeva, R.H. Adamson, I.A. Zalenskaya, P.M. Yau, M.E. Bradbury, and N.V. Tomilin Photobleaching of GFP-labeled H2AX in chromatin: H2AX has low diffusional mobility in the nucleus Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 297 2002 1318 1323
97. N.V. Tomilin, L.V. Solovjeva, M.P. Svetlova, I.A. Pleskach, I.A. Zalenskaya, P.M. Yau, and M.E. Bradbury Visualization of focal nuclear sites of DNA repair synthesis induced by bleomycin in human cells Radiat. Res. 156 2002 347 354
98. T. Kusch, L. Florens, W.H. McDonald, S.K. Sawanson, R.L. Glaser, J.R. Yates III, S.M. Abmayr, M.P. Washburn, and J.R. Workman Acetylation by Tip60 is required for selective histone variant exchange at DNA lesions Science 306 2004 2084 2087
99. A.B. Houtsmuller, S. Rademakers, A.L. Nigg, D. Hoogstraten, J.H. Hoeijmakers, and W. Vermeulen Action of DNA repair endonuclease ERCC1/XPF in living cells Science 284 1999 958 961
100. T. Misteli Protein dynamics: implications for nuclear architecture and gene expression Science 291 2001 843 847
101. W. Vermeulen, and A.B. Houtsmuller The transcription cycle in vivo: a blind watchmaker at work Mol. Cell 10 2002 1264 1266
102. A. Sporbert, A. Gahl, R. Ankerhold, H. Leonhardt, and M.C. Cardoso DNA polymerase clamp shows little turnover at established replication sites but sequential de novo assembly at adjacent origin clusters Mol. Cell 10 2002 1355 1365
103. S.M. Janiki, and D.L. Spector Nuclear choreography: interpretations from living cells Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15 2003 149 157
104. D.A. Solomon, C.M. Cardoso, and E.S. Knudsen Dynamic targeting of the replication machinery to site of DNA damage J. Cell Biol. 166 2004 455 463
105. D.L. Stenoien, K. Patel, M.G. Mancini, M. Dutertre, C.L. Smith, B.W. O'Malley, and M.A. Mancini FRAP reveals that mobility of oestrogen receptor-α is ligand- and proteasome-dependent Nature Cell Biol. 1 2001 15 23
106. M. Becker, C. Baumann, S. John, D.A. Walker, M. Vigneron, J.G. McNally, and G.L. Hager Dynamic behavior of transcription factors on a natural promoter in living cells EMBO Rep. 3 2002 1188 1194
107. J. Essers, A.B. Houtsmuller, L. van Veelen, C. Paulusma, A.L. Nigg, A. Pastink, W. Vermeulen, J.H. Hoeijmakers, and R. Kanaar Nuclear dynamics of RAD52 group homologous recombination proteins in response to DNA damage EMBO J. 21 2002 2030 2037
108. W. Rodgers, S. Jordan, and J.D. Capra Transient association of Ku with nuclear substrates characterized using fluorescence photobleaching J. Immunol. 168 2002 2348 2355
109. J. Byrum, S. Jordan, S.T. Safrany, and W. Rodgers Visualization of inositol phosphate-dependent mobility of Ku: depletion of the DNA-PK cofactor InsP6 inhibits Ku mobility Nucleic Acids Res. 32 2004 2776 2784
110. D.A. Jackson, and P.R. Cook A general method for preparing chromatin containing intact DNA EMBO J. 4 1985 913 918
111. S.A. Adam, R.S. Marr, and L. Gerace Nuclear protein import in permeabilized mammalian cells requires soluble cytoplasmic factors J. Cell Biol. 111 1990 807 816
112. D.A. Jackson, A.B. Hassan, R.J. Errington, and P.R. Cook Sites in human nuclei where damage induced by ultraviolet light is repaired: localization relative to transcription sites and concentrations of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the tumour suppressor protein, p53 J. Cell Sci. 107 1994 1753 1760
113. A. Pombo, D.A. Jackson, M. Hollinshead, Z. Wang, R.G. Roeder, and P.R. Cook Regional specialization in human nuclei: visualization of discrete sites of transcription by RNA polymerase III EMBO J. 18 1999 2241 2253
114. S. Wagner, S. Chiosea, M. Ivshina, and J.A. Nickerson In vitro FRAP reveals the ATP-dependent nuclear mobilization of the exon junction complex protein SRm160 J. Cell Biol. 164 2004 843 850
115. C. Elbi, D.A. Walker, G. Romero, W.P. Sullivan, D.O. Toft, G.L. Hager, and D.B. DeFranco Molecular chaperones function as steroid receptor nuclear mobility factors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 2004 2876 2888
116. J. Zhang, R.E. Campbell, A.Y. Ting, and R.Y. Tsien Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3 2002 906 918
117. A. Miyawaki, A. Sawano, and T. Kogure Lighting up cells: labelling proteins with fluorophores Nature Cell Biol. Suppl. 2003 1 7
118. N.C. Shaner, R.E. Campbell, P.A. Steinbach, B.N. Giepmans, A.E. Palmer, and R.Y. Tsien Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein Nature Biotechnol. 22 2004 1567 1572
119. F.S. Wouters, P.J. Verveer, and P.I.H. Bastiaens Imaging biochemistry inside cells Trends Cell Biol. 11 2001 203 211
120. A. Miyawaki Visualization of the spatial and temporal dynamics of intracellular signaling Dev. Cell 4 2003 295 305
121. T. Shimi, T. Koujin, M. Segura-Totten, K.L. Wilson, T. Haraguchi, and Y. Hiraoka Dynamic interaction between BAF and emerin revealed by FRAP, FLIP, and FRET analyses in living HeLa cells J. Struct. Biol. 147 2004 31 41
122. D. Stanek, and K.M. Neugebauer Detection of snRNP assembly intermediates in Cajal bodies by fluorescence resonance energy transfer J. Cell Biol. 166 2004 1015 1025
123. R.M. Siegel, J.K. Frederiksen, D.A. Zacharias, F.K. Chan, M. Johnson, D. Lynch, R.Y. Tsien, and R.Y.M.J. Lenardo Fas preassociation required for apoptosis signaling and dominant inhibition by pathogenic mutations Science 288 2000 2354 2357
124. F.K. Chan, R.M. Siegel, D. Zacharias, R. Swofford, K.L. Holms, R.Y. Tsien, and M.J. Lenardo Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of cell surface receptor interactions and signaling using spectral variants of the green fluorescent protein Cytometry 44 2001 361 368
125. T. Kanno, Y. Kanno, R.M. Siegel, M.K. Jang, M.J. Lenardo, and K. Ozato Selective recognition of acetylated histones by bromodomain proteins visualized in living cells Mol. Cell 13 2004 33 43
126. G.H. Patterson, and J. Lippincott-Schwartz A photoactivatable GFP for selective photolabeling of proteins and cells Science 297 2002 1873 1877
127. Y. Shav-Tal, X. Darzacq, S.M. Shenoy, D. Fusco, S.M. Janicki, D.L. Spector, and R.H. Singer Dynamics of single mRNPs in nuclei of living cells Science 304 2004 1797 1800
128. R. Ando, H. Mizuno, and A. Miyawaki Regulated fast nucleocytoplasmic shuttling observed by reversible protein highlighting Science 306 2004 1370 1373
129. R. Ando, H. Hama, M. Yamamoto-Hino, H. Mizuno, and A. Miyawaki An optical marker based on the UV-induced green-to-red photoconversion of a fluorescent protein Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 2002 12651 12656
130. D.M. Chudakov, V.V. Verkhusha, D.B. Staroverov, E.A. Souslova, S. Lukyanov, and K.A. Lukyanov Photoswitchable cyan fluorescent protein for protein tracking Nature Biotechnol. 22 2004 1435 1439
131. S. Gilchrist, N. Gilbert, P. Perry, C. Ostlund, H.J. Worman, and W.A. Bickmore Altered protein dynamics of disease-associated lamin A mutants BMC Cell Biol. 5 2004 46
132. P. Scaffidi, and T. Misteli Reversal of the cellular phenotype in the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome Nature Med. 11 2005 440 445