메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 160, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 636-645

The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COGNITION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EYE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENOTYPE; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENTAL DISEASE; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHIATRY; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; REVIEW; SELF REPORT; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; DISEASE MODEL; FAMILY; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; MEMORY DISORDER; METHODOLOGY; NOMENCLATURE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PSYCHIATRY; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SMOOTH PURSUIT EYE MOVEMENT;

EID: 0038823525     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (4631)

References (141)
  • 1
    • 0003898626 scopus 로고
    • New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, (reprinted 2001) full text available online
    • Sturtevant AH: A History of Genetics. New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1965 (reprinted 2001) (full text available online at http://www.esp.org/books/sturt/history)
    • (1965) A History of Genetics
    • Sturtevant, A.H.1
  • 2
    • 0034531149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex adaptive systems and human health: The influence of common genotypes of the apolipoprotein e (ApoE) gene polymorphism and age on the relational order within a field of lipid metabolism traits
    • Zerba KE, Ferrell RE, Sing CF: Complex adaptive systems and human health: the influence of common genotypes of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism and age on the relational order within a field of lipid metabolism traits. Hum Genet 2000; 107:466-475
    • (2000) Hum Genet , vol.107 , pp. 466-475
    • Zerba, K.E.1    Ferrell, R.E.2    Sing, C.F.3
  • 3
    • 0028017911 scopus 로고
    • Traversing the biological complexity in the hierarchy between genome and CAD endpoints in the population at large
    • Sing CF, Zerba KE, Reilly SL: Traversing the biological complexity in the hierarchy between genome and CAD endpoints in the population at large. Clin Genet 1994; 46(1 special number):6-14
    • (1994) Clin Genet , vol.46 , Issue.1 SPECIAL NUMBER , pp. 6-14
    • Sing, C.F.1    Zerba, K.E.2    Reilly, S.L.3
  • 4
    • 0035227182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification methods for confronting heterogeneity
    • Province MA, Shannon WD, Rao DC: Classification methods for confronting heterogeneity. Adv Genet 2001; 42:273-286
    • (2001) Adv Genet , vol.42 , pp. 273-286
    • Province, M.A.1    Shannon, W.D.2    Rao, D.C.3
  • 5
    • 0035522409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopathology through a life span-genetic prism
    • Gottesman II: Psychopathology through a life span-genetic prism. Am Psychol 2001; 56:867-878
    • (2001) Am Psychol , vol.56 , pp. 867-878
    • Gottesman, I.I.1
  • 6
    • 0030722554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic epidemiology of psychiatric disorders
    • Merikangas KR, Swendsen JD: Genetic epidemiology of psychiatric disorders. Epidemiol Rev 1997; 19:144-155
    • (1997) Epidemiol Rev , vol.19 , pp. 144-155
    • Merikangas, K.R.1    Swendsen, J.D.2
  • 8
    • 0035874481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marks, mechanisms and memory of epigenetic states in mammals
    • Rakyan VK, Preis J, Morgan HD, Whitelaw E: The marks, mechanisms and memory of epigenetic states in mammals. Biochem J 2001; 356(part 1):1-10
    • (2001) Biochem J , vol.356 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 1-10
    • Rakyan, V.K.1    Preis, J.2    Morgan, H.D.3    Whitelaw, E.4
  • 10
    • 0036308284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia as a disorder of neurodevelopment
    • Lewis DA, Levitt P: Schizophrenia as a disorder of neurodevelopment. Annu Rev Neurosci 2002; 25:409-432
    • (2002) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 409-432
    • Lewis, D.A.1    Levitt, P.2
  • 11
    • 0035283058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human morbid genetics revisited: Relevance of epigenetics
    • Petronis A: Human morbid genetics revisited: relevance of epigenetics. Trends Genet 2001; 17:142-146
    • (2001) Trends Genet , vol.17 , pp. 142-146
    • Petronis, A.1
  • 12
    • 0037146578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding genes that underlie complex traits
    • Glazier AM, Nadeau JH, Aitman TJ: Finding genes that underlie complex traits. Science 2002; 298:2345-2349
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 2345-2349
    • Glazier, A.M.1    Nadeau, J.H.2    Aitman, T.J.3
  • 15
  • 16
    • 0036403779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage analysis in psychiatric disorders: The emerging picture
    • Sklar P: Linkage analysis in psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2002; 3:371-413
    • (2002) Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet , vol.3 , pp. 371-413
    • Sklar, P.1
  • 17
    • 0031426346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia genetics at the millennium: Cautious optimism
    • Gottesman II, Moldin SO: Schizophrenia genetics at the millennium: cautious optimism. Clin Genet 1997; 52:404-407
    • (1997) Clin Genet , vol.52 , pp. 404-407
    • Gottesman, I.I.1    Moldin, S.O.2
  • 18
    • 0037109055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discovery of susceptibility genes for mental disorders
    • Cloninger CR: The discovery of susceptibility genes for mental disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99:13365-13367
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 13365-13367
    • Cloninger, C.R.1
  • 19
    • 0033602071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the causes of schizophrenia
    • Andreasen NC: Understanding the causes of schizophrenia (letter). N Engl J Med 1999; 340:645-647
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 645-647
    • Andreasen, N.C.1
  • 20
    • 0036712783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In pursuit of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia: Where do we stand?
    • Lewis DA: In pursuit of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia: where do we stand? (editorial). Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:1467-1469
    • (2002) Am J Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 1467-1469
    • Lewis, D.A.1
  • 21
    • 85015054307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature, nurture and human disease
    • Chakravarti A, Little P: Nature, nurture and human disease. Nature 2003; 421:412-414
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 412-414
    • Chakravarti, A.1    Little, P.2
  • 22
    • 0034062074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia: The fundamental questions
    • Andreasen NC: Schizophrenia: the fundamental questions. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2000; 31:106-112
    • (2000) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.31 , pp. 106-112
    • Andreasen, N.C.1
  • 23
    • 0031968868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new intellectual framework for psychiatry
    • Kandel ER: A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:457-469
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 457-469
    • Kandel, E.R.1
  • 26
    • 0015541474 scopus 로고
    • Genetic theorizing and schizophrenia
    • Gottesman II, Shields J: Genetic theorizing and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1973; 122:15-30
    • (1973) Br J Psychiatry , vol.122 , pp. 15-30
    • Gottesman, I.I.1    Shields, J.2
  • 27
    • 0004283299 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome variability and geographical distribution in insects: Chromosome rather than gene variation provide the key to differences among populations
    • John B, Lewis KR: Chromosome variability and geographical distribution in insects: chromosome rather than gene variation provide the key to differences among populations. Science 1966; 152:711-721
    • (1966) Science , vol.152 , pp. 711-721
    • John, B.1    Lewis, K.R.2
  • 30
    • 0037208960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain imaging as an approach to phenotype characterization for genetic studies of schizophrenia
    • Callicott JH, Weinberger DR: Brain imaging as an approach to phenotype characterization for genetic studies of schizophrenia. Methods Mol Med 2003; 77:227-247
    • (2003) Methods Mol Med , vol.77 , pp. 227-247
    • Callicott, J.H.1    Weinberger, D.R.2
  • 32
    • 0037209127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermediate cognitive phenotypes associated with schizophrenia
    • Egan MF, Goldberg TE: Intermediate cognitive phenotypes associated with schizophrenia. Methods Mol Med 2003; 77:163-197
    • (2003) Methods Mol Med , vol.77 , pp. 163-197
    • Egan, M.F.1    Goldberg, T.E.2
  • 33
    • 0002861128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endophenotypes in studies of the genetics of schizophrenia
    • Edited by Davis KL, Charney DS, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Braff DL, Freedman R: Endophenotypes in studies of the genetics of schizophrenia, in Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress. Edited by Davis KL, Charney DS, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002, pp 703-716
    • (2002) Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress , pp. 703-716
    • Braff, D.L.1    Freedman, R.2
  • 34
    • 0037209240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for alternative phenotypes in psychiatric genetics
    • Leboyer M: Searching for alternative phenotypes in psychiatric genetics. Methods Mol Med 2003; 77:145-161
    • (2003) Methods Mol Med , vol.77 , pp. 145-161
    • Leboyer, M.1
  • 35
    • 0003023690 scopus 로고
    • On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables
    • MacCorquodale K, Meehl PE: On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables. Psychol Rev 1948; 55:95-107
    • (1948) Psychol Rev , vol.55 , pp. 95-107
    • MacCorquodale, K.1    Meehl, P.E.2
  • 36
    • 84939678663 scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Some conceptual deficiencies in "developmental" behavior genetics
    • Turkheimer E, Goldsmith HH, Gottesman II: Commentary: some conceptual deficiencies in "developmental" behavior genetics. Hum Dev 1995; 38:142-153
    • (1995) Hum Dev , vol.38 , pp. 142-153
    • Turkheimer, E.1    Goldsmith, H.H.2    Gottesman, I.I.3
  • 39
    • 0034891977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human studies of prepulse inhibition of startle: Normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies
    • Berl
    • Braff DL, Geyer MA, Swerdlow NR: Human studies of prepulse inhibition of startle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 156:234-258
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology , vol.156 , pp. 234-258
    • Braff, D.L.1    Geyer, M.A.2    Swerdlow, N.R.3
  • 40
    • 0037209168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological phenotypes
    • Freedman R: Electrophysiological phenotypes. Methods Mol Med 2003; 77:215-225
    • (2003) Methods Mol Med , vol.77 , pp. 215-225
    • Freedman, R.1
  • 41
    • 3242800753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Less is truly more: Psychopathology research in the 21st century
    • Edited by Lenzenweger MF, Hooley JM. Washington, American Psychological Association
    • Holzman PS: Less is truly more: psychopathology research in the 21st century, in Principles of Psychopathology: Essays in Honor of Brendan A. Maher. Edited by Lenzenweger MF, Hooley JM. Washington, American Psychological Association, 2003, pp 175-194
    • (2003) Principles of Psychopathology: Essays in Honor of Brendan A. Maher , pp. 175-194
    • Holzman, P.S.1
  • 42
    • 0034059095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye movement dysfunction in schizophrenia: A heritable characteristic for enhancing phenotype definition
    • Calkins ME, Iacono WG: Eye movement dysfunction in schizophrenia: a heritable characteristic for enhancing phenotype definition. Am J Med Genet 2000; 97:72-76
    • (2000) Am J Med Genet , vol.97 , pp. 72-76
    • Calkins, M.E.1    Iacono, W.G.2
  • 43
    • 0034320317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye movement dysfunction as a biological marker of risk for schizophrenia
    • Lee KH, Williams LM: Eye movement dysfunction as a biological marker of risk for schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2000; 34(Suppl):S91-S100
    • (2000) Aust N Z J Psychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Lee, K.H.1    Williams, L.M.2
  • 44
    • 2342492982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia: An overview
    • Edited by Davis KL, Charney DS, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Goldberg TE, Green MF: Neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia: an overview, in Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress. Edited by Davis KL, Charney DS, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002, pp 657-669
    • (2002) Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress , pp. 657-669
    • Goldberg, T.E.1    Green, M.F.2
  • 45
    • 0032802830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological approach: Functional architecture of working memory and disordered cognition in schizophrenia
    • Goldman-Rakic PS: The physiological approach: functional architecture of working memory and disordered cognition in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 46:650-661
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 650-661
    • Goldman-Rakic, P.S.1
  • 47
    • 0002820468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glial growth factors deficiency and synaptic destabilization hypothesis of schizophrenia
    • Moises HW, Zoega T, Gottesman II: The glial growth factors deficiency and synaptic destabilization hypothesis of schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2002; 2:8, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/2/8/
    • (2002) BMC Psychiatry , vol.2 , pp. 8
    • Moises, H.W.1    Zoega, T.2    Gottesman, I.I.3
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0012150654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia
    • Edited by McGuffin P, Owens MJ, Gottesman II. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press
    • Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Gottesman II: Schizophrenia, in Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics. Edited by McGuffin P, Owens MJ, Gottesman II. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp 247-266
    • (2002) Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics , pp. 247-266
    • Owen, M.J.1    O'Donovan, M.C.2    Gottesman, I.I.3
  • 51
    • 0002078684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endophenotypes for marital status in the NAS-NRC Twin Registry
    • Edited by Rodgers JL, Rowe DC, Miller WB. Boston, Kluwer Academic
    • Trumbetta SL, Gottesman II: Endophenotypes for marital status in the NAS-NRC Twin Registry, in Genetic Influences on Human Fertility and Sexuality. Edited by Rodgers JL, Rowe DC, Miller WB. Boston, Kluwer Academic, 2000, pp 253-269
    • (2000) Genetic Influences on Human Fertility and Sexuality , pp. 253-269
    • Trumbetta, S.L.1    Gottesman, I.I.2
  • 52
    • 0035002046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endophenotypes and child psychiatry
    • Skuse DH: Endophenotypes and child psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178:395-396
    • (2001) Br J Psychiatry , vol.178 , pp. 395-396
    • Skuse, D.H.1
  • 54
    • 0036674495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The search for endophenotypes
    • Castellanos FX, Tannock R: Neuroscience of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002; 3:617-628
    • (2002) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 617-628
    • Castellanos, F.X.1    Tannock, R.2
  • 56
    • 0036235185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological measures of schizotypal personality disorder: Defining an inhibitory endophenotype?
    • Cadenhead KS, Light GA, Geyer MA, McDowell JE, Braff DL: Neurobiological measures of schizotypal personality disorder: defining an inhibitory endophenotype? Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:869-871
    • (2002) Am J Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 869-871
    • Cadenhead, K.S.1    Light, G.A.2    Geyer, M.A.3    McDowell, J.E.4    Braff, D.L.5
  • 57
    • 0035825211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired attention as an endophenotype for molecular genetic studies of schizophrenia
    • Cornblatt BA, Malhotra AK: Impaired attention as an endophenotype for molecular genetic studies of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 2001; 105:11-15
    • (2001) Am J Med Genet , vol.105 , pp. 11-15
    • Cornblatt, B.A.1    Malhotra, A.K.2
  • 59
    • 0002906015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging methodologies
    • Edited by Charney DS, Nester EJ, Bunney BS. New York, Oxford University Press
    • Seibyl JP, Scanley E, Krystal JH, Innis RB: Neuroimaging methodologies, in Neurobiology of Mental Illness. Edited by Charney DS, Nester EJ, Bunney BS. New York, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp 170-189
    • (1999) Neurobiology of Mental Illness , pp. 170-189
    • Seibyl, J.P.1    Scanley, E.2    Krystal, J.H.3    Innis, R.B.4
  • 60
    • 0036704934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newer techniques in magnetic resonance imaging and their potential for neuropsychiatric research
    • Diwadkar VA, Keshavan MS: Newer techniques in magnetic resonance imaging and their potential for neuropsychiatric research. J Psychosom Res 2002; 53:677-685
    • (2002) J Psychosom Res , vol.53 , pp. 677-685
    • Diwadkar, V.A.1    Keshavan, M.S.2
  • 61
    • 0034846033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging neurochemical endophenotypes: Promises and pitfalls
    • Martinez D, Broft A, Laruelle M: Imaging neurochemical endophenotypes: promises and pitfalls. Pharmacogenomics 2001; 2:223-237
    • (2001) Pharmacogenomics , vol.2 , pp. 223-237
    • Martinez, D.1    Broft, A.2    Laruelle, M.3
  • 62
    • 0022457991 scopus 로고
    • Clinical methods in psychiatric genetics, I: Robustness of genetic marker investigative strategies
    • Gershon ES, Goldin LR: Clinical methods in psychiatric genetics, I: robustness of genetic marker investigative strategies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1986; 74:113-118
    • (1986) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.74 , pp. 113-118
    • Gershon, E.S.1    Goldin, L.R.2
  • 63
    • 0035936798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias
    • Keating MT, Sanguinetti MC: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. Cell 2001; 104:569-580
    • (2001) Cell , vol.104 , pp. 569-580
    • Keating, M.T.1    Sanguinetti, M.C.2
  • 64
    • 0025847714 scopus 로고
    • Linkage of a cardiac arrhythmia, the long QT syndrome, and the Harvey ras-1 gene
    • Keating M, Atkinson D, Dunn C, Timothy K, Vincent GM, Leppert M: Linkage of a cardiac arrhythmia, the long QT syndrome, and the Harvey ras-1 gene. Science 1991; 252:704-706
    • (1991) Science , vol.252 , pp. 704-706
    • Keating, M.1    Atkinson, D.2    Dunn, C.3    Timothy, K.4    Vincent, G.M.5    Leppert, M.6
  • 65
    • 0026759352 scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of symptoms and QT intervals in carriers of the gene for the long-QT syndrome
    • Vincent GM, Timothy KW, Leppert M, Keating M: The spectrum of symptoms and QT intervals in carriers of the gene for the long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:846-852
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 846-852
    • Vincent, G.M.1    Timothy, K.W.2    Leppert, M.3    Keating, M.4
  • 67
    • 0022219640 scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of idiopathic hemochromatosis using both qualitative (disease status) and quantitative (serum iron) information
    • Lalouel JM, Le Mignon L, Simon M, Fauchet R, Bourel M, Rao DC, Morton NE: Genetic analysis of idiopathic hemochromatosis using both qualitative (disease status) and quantitative (serum iron) information. Am J Hum Genet 1985; 37:700-718
    • (1985) Am J Hum Genet , vol.37 , pp. 700-718
    • Lalouel, J.M.1    Le Mignon, L.2    Simon, M.3    Fauchet, R.4    Bourel, M.5    Rao, D.C.6    Morton, N.E.7
  • 70
    • 0035423478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family and twin strategies as a head start in defining prodromes and endophenotypes for hypothetical early-interventions in schizophrenia
    • Gottesman II, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L: Family and twin strategies as a head start in defining prodromes and endophenotypes for hypothetical early-interventions in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2001; 51:93-102
    • (2001) Schizophr Res , vol.51 , pp. 93-102
    • Gottesman, I.I.1    Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L.2
  • 71
    • 0032931250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia: Refining the phenotype, resolving endophenotypes
    • Lenzenweger MF: Schizophrenia: refining the phenotype, resolving endophenotypes. Behav Res Ther 1999; 37:281-295
    • (1999) Behav Res Ther , vol.37 , pp. 281-295
    • Lenzenweger, M.F.1
  • 75
    • 0034974908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposed endophenotypes of dysthymia: Evolutionary, clinical and pharmacogenomic considerations
    • Niculescu AB III, Akiskal HS: Proposed endophenotypes of dysthymia: evolutionary, clinical and pharmacogenomic considerations. Mol Psychiatry 2001; 6:363-366
    • (2001) Mol Psychiatry , vol.6 , pp. 363-366
    • Niculescu III, A.B.1    Akiskal, H.S.2
  • 77
    • 0036050589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of biological markers in the early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Kurz A, Riemenschneider M, Drzezga A, Lautenschlager N: The role of biological markers in the early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 2002:127-133
    • (2002) J Neural Transm Suppl , pp. 127-133
    • Kurz, A.1    Riemenschneider, M.2    Drzezga, A.3    Lautenschlager, N.4
  • 78
    • 0035886161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered performance on an ocular fixation task in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
    • Gould TD, Bastain TM, Israel ME, Hommer DW, Castellanos FX: Altered performance on an ocular fixation task in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50:633-635
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 633-635
    • Gould, T.D.1    Bastain, T.M.2    Israel, M.E.3    Hommer, D.W.4    Castellanos, F.X.5
  • 79
    • 0033867903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological functioning in nonreferred siblings of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Seidman LJ, Biederman J, Monuteaux MC, Weber W, Faraone SV: Neuropsychological functioning in nonreferred siblings of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 2000; 109:252-265
    • (2000) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.109 , pp. 252-265
    • Seidman, L.J.1    Biederman, J.2    Monuteaux, M.C.3    Weber, W.4    Faraone, S.V.5
  • 80
    • 0037209128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical endophenotypes in personality disorders
    • New AS, Siever LJ: Biochemical endophenotypes in personality disorders. Methods Mol Med 2003; 77:199-213
    • (2003) Methods Mol Med , vol.77 , pp. 199-213
    • New, A.S.1    Siever, L.J.2
  • 81
    • 0025190458 scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia: Human and animal model studies
    • Braff DL, Geyer MA: Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia: human and animal model studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:181-188
    • (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 181-188
    • Braff, D.L.1    Geyer, M.A.2
  • 82
    • 0025016901 scopus 로고
    • Increased distractibility in schizophrenic patients: Electrophysiologic and behavioral evidence
    • Grillon C, Courchesne E, Ameli R, Geyer MA, Braff DL: Increased distractibility in schizophrenic patients: electrophysiologic and behavioral evidence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:171-179
    • (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 171-179
    • Grillon, C.1    Courchesne, E.2    Ameli, R.3    Geyer, M.A.4    Braff, D.L.5
  • 83
    • 0013578406 scopus 로고
    • Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia
    • McGhie A, Chapman J: Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia. Br J Med Psychol 1961; 34:103-116
    • (1961) Br J Med Psychol , vol.34 , pp. 103-116
    • McGhie, A.1    Chapman, J.2
  • 84
    • 0001962223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiological and information-processing approaches to schizophrenia
    • Edited by Charney DS, Nester EJ, Bunney BS. New York, Oxford University Press
    • Braff DL: Psychophysiological and information-processing approaches to schizophrenia, in Neurobiology of Mental Illness. Edited by Charney DS, Nester EJ, Bunney BS. New York, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp 258-271
    • (1999) Neurobiology of Mental Illness , pp. 258-271
    • Braff, D.L.1
  • 85
    • 0026581360 scopus 로고
    • Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients
    • Braff DL, Grillon C, Geyer MA: Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:206-215
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 206-215
    • Braff, D.L.1    Grillon, C.2    Geyer, M.A.3
  • 86
    • 0036929065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse genetic models for prepulse inhibition: An early review
    • Geyer MA, McIlwain KL, Paylor R: Mouse genetic models for prepulse inhibition: an early review. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7:1039-1053
    • (2002) Mol Psychiatry , vol.7 , pp. 1039-1053
    • Geyer, M.A.1    McIlwain, K.L.2    Paylor, R.3
  • 87
    • 0033806859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the startle response and startle laterality in relatives of schizophrenic patients and in subjects with schizotypal personality disorder: Evidence of inhibitory deficits
    • correction, 157:1904
    • Cadenhead KS, Swerdlow NR, Shafer KM, Diaz M, Braff DL: Modulation of the startle response and startle laterality in relatives of schizophrenic patients and in subjects with schizotypal personality disorder: evidence of inhibitory deficits. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:1660-1668; correction, 157:1904
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 1660-1668
    • Cadenhead, K.S.1    Swerdlow, N.R.2    Shafer, K.M.3    Diaz, M.4    Braff, D.L.5
  • 88
    • 0035985555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early maternal deprivation and prepulse inhibition: The role of the postdeprivation environment
    • Ellenbroek BA, Cools AR: Early maternal deprivation and prepulse inhibition: the role of the postdeprivation environment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002; 73:177-184
    • (2002) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.73 , pp. 177-184
    • Ellenbroek, B.A.1    Cools, A.R.2
  • 89
    • 0034917848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: A review
    • Berl
    • Weiss IC, Feldon J: Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 156:305-326
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology , vol.156 , pp. 305-326
    • Weiss, I.C.1    Feldon, J.2
  • 90
    • 0027503379 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
    • Swerdlow NR, Benbow CH, Zisook S, Geyer MA, Braff DL: A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1993; 33:298-301
    • (1993) Biol Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 298-301
    • Swerdlow, N.R.1    Benbow, C.H.2    Zisook, S.3    Geyer, M.A.4    Braff, D.L.5
  • 92
    • 0019995306 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in neuronal mechanisms involved in sensory gating in schizophrenia
    • Adler LE, Pachtman E, Franks RD, Pecevich M, Waldo MC, Freedman R: Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in neuronal mechanisms involved in sensory gating in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1982; 17:639-654
    • (1982) Biol Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 639-654
    • Adler, L.E.1    Pachtman, E.2    Franks, R.D.3    Pecevich, M.4    Waldo, M.C.5    Freedman, R.6
  • 93
    • 0020575515 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in inhibitory pathways in schizophrenia: Comparison of medicated and drug-free patients
    • Freedman R, Adler LE, Waldo MC, Pachtman E, Franks RD: Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in inhibitory pathways in schizophrenia: comparison of medicated and drug-free patients. Biol Psychiatry 1983; 18:537-551
    • (1983) Biol Psychiatry , vol.18 , pp. 537-551
    • Freedman, R.1    Adler, L.E.2    Waldo, M.C.3    Pachtman, E.4    Franks, R.D.5
  • 95
    • 0021234214 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in sensory gating in schizophrenic patients and their relatives: Evidence obtained with auditory evoked responses
    • Siegel C, Waldo M, Mizner G, Adler LE, Freedman R: Deficits in sensory gating in schizophrenic patients and their relatives: evidence obtained with auditory evoked responses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41:607-612
    • (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 607-612
    • Siegel, C.1    Waldo, M.2    Mizner, G.3    Adler, L.E.4    Freedman, R.5
  • 96
    • 0036897083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P50 sensory gating in multiplex schizophrenia families from a Pacific Island isolate
    • Myles-Worsley M: P50 sensory gating in multiplex schizophrenia families from a Pacific Island isolate. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:2007-2012
    • (2002) Am J Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 2007-2012
    • Myles-Worsley, M.1
  • 97
    • 0031791660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor P50 suppression among schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives
    • Clementz BA, Geyer MA, Braff DL: Poor P50 suppression among schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:1691-1694
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 1691-1694
    • Clementz, B.A.1    Geyer, M.A.2    Braff, D.L.3
  • 101
    • 0029973406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritability of inhibitory gating of the P50 auditory-evoked potential in monozygotic and dizygotic twins
    • Young DA, Waldo M, Rutledge JH III, Freedman R: Heritability of inhibitory gating of the P50 auditory-evoked potential in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Neuropsychobiology 1996; 33:113-117
    • (1996) Neuropsychobiology , vol.33 , pp. 113-117
    • Young, D.A.1    Waldo, M.2    Rutledge III, J.H.3    Freedman, R.4
  • 105
    • 77957187568 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the ocular reactions of the insane from photographic records
    • Diefendorf AR, Dodge R: An experimental study of the ocular reactions of the insane from photographic records. Brain 1908; 31:451-489
    • (1908) Brain , vol.31 , pp. 451-489
    • Diefendorf, A.R.1    Dodge, R.2
  • 106
    • 0015922326 scopus 로고
    • Eye-tracking patterns in schizophrenia
    • Holzman PS, Proctor LR, Hughes DW: Eye-tracking patterns in schizophrenia. Science 1973; 181:179-181
    • (1973) Science , vol.181 , pp. 179-181
    • Holzman, P.S.1    Proctor, L.R.2    Hughes, D.W.3
  • 108
    • 0036454160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Saccadic eye movements: overview of neural circuitry
    • Munoz DP: Commentary: saccadic eye movements: overview of neural circuitry. Prog Brain Res 2002; 140:89-96
    • (2002) Prog Brain Res , vol.140 , pp. 89-96
    • Munoz, D.P.1
  • 109
    • 0029819112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye tracking dysfunction is a putative phenotypic susceptibility marker of schizophrenia and maps to a locus on chromosome 6p in families with multiple occurrence of the disease
    • Arolt V, Lencer R, Nolte A, Muller-Myhsok B, Purmann S, Schurmann M, Leutelt J, Pinnow M, Schwinger E: Eye tracking dysfunction is a putative phenotypic susceptibility marker of schizophrenia and maps to a locus on chromosome 6p in families with multiple occurrence of the disease. Am J Med Genet 1996; 67(6):564-579
    • (1996) Am J Med Genet , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 564-579
    • Arolt, V.1    Lencer, R.2    Nolte, A.3    Muller-Myhsok, B.4    Purmann, S.5    Schurmann, M.6    Leutelt, J.7    Pinnow, M.8    Schwinger, E.9
  • 110
    • 0032709865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of eye tracking deficits in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients: A positron emission tomography study
    • O'Driscoll GA, Benkelfat C, Florencio PS, Wolff AL, Joober R, Lal S, Evans AC: Neural correlates of eye tracking deficits in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients: a positron emission tomography study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56:1127-1134
    • (1999) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 1127-1134
    • O'Driscoll, G.A.1    Benkelfat, C.2    Florencio, P.S.3    Wolff, A.L.4    Joober, R.5    Lal, S.6    Evans, A.C.7
  • 111
    • 30844453867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial working memory function in schizophrenia
    • Edited by Lenzenweger MF, Hooley JM. Washington, American Psychological Association
    • Park S, Lee J: Spatial working memory function in schizophrenia, in Principles of Psychopathology: Essays in Honor of Brendan A. Maher. Edited by Lenzenweger MF, Hooley JM. Washington, American Psychological Association, 2003, pp 83-106
    • (2003) Principles of Psychopathology: Essays in Honor of Brendan A. Maher , pp. 83-106
    • Park, S.1    Lee, J.2
  • 112
    • 0033609551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological and oculomotor correlates of spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia patients and controls
    • Snitz BE, Curtis CE, Zald DH, Katsanis J, Iacono WG: Neuropsychological and oculomotor correlates of spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia patients and controls. Schizophr Res 1999; 38(1):37-50
    • (1999) Schizophr Res , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-50
    • Snitz, B.E.1    Curtis, C.E.2    Zald, D.H.3    Katsanis, J.4    Iacono, W.G.5
  • 113
    • 0034085511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation of working memory functions within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
    • Levy R, Goldman-Rakic PS: Segregation of working memory functions within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Exp Brain Res 2000; 133:23-32
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.133 , pp. 23-32
    • Levy, R.1    Goldman-Rakic, P.S.2
  • 114
    • 0032924127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropathology of schizophrenia: A critical review of the data and their interpretation
    • Harrison PJ: The neuropathology of schizophrenia: a critical review of the data and their interpretation. Brain 1999; 122(part 4):593-624
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , Issue.4 PART , pp. 593-624
    • Harrison, P.J.1
  • 115
    • 0028884187 scopus 로고
    • Spatial working memory deficits in the relatives of schizophrenic patients
    • Park S, Holzman PS, Goldman-Rakic PS: Spatial working memory deficits in the relatives of schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:821-828
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 821-828
    • Park, S.1    Holzman, P.S.2    Goldman-Rakic, P.S.3
  • 116
    • 0033961936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal working memory impairment in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives: Evidence from the Digit Span Task
    • Conklin HM, Curtis CE, Katsanis J, Iacono WG: Verbal working memory impairment in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives: evidence from the Digit Span Task. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:275-277
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 275-277
    • Conklin, H.M.1    Curtis, C.E.2    Katsanis, J.3    Iacono, W.G.4
  • 124
    • 0034661160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenic subjects show aberrant fMRI activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia during working memory performance
    • Manoach DS, Gollub RL, Benson ES, Searl MM, Goff DC, Halpern E, Saper CB, Rauch SL: Schizophrenic subjects show aberrant fMRI activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia during working memory performance. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48:99-109
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 99-109
    • Manoach, D.S.1    Gollub, R.L.2    Benson, E.S.3    Searl, M.M.4    Goff, D.C.5    Halpern, E.6    Saper, C.B.7    Rauch, S.L.8
  • 128
    • 0035682590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric diagnoses in the context of genetic studies of bipolar disorder
    • Duffy A, Grof P: Psychiatric diagnoses in the context of genetic studies of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2001; 3:270-275
    • (2001) Bipolar Disord , vol.3 , pp. 270-275
    • Duffy, A.1    Grof, P.2
  • 132
    • 0001926958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models of bipolar disorder: From a single episode to progressive cycling models
    • Edited by Weiner I. Boston, Kluwer Academic
    • Einat H, Kofman O, Belmaker RH: Animal models of bipolar disorder: from a single episode to progressive cycling models, in Contemporary Issues in Modeling Psychopharmacology. Edited by Weiner I. Boston, Kluwer Academic, 2000, pp 165-180
    • (2000) Contemporary Issues in Modeling Psychopharmacology , pp. 165-180
    • Einat, H.1    Kofman, O.2    Belmaker, R.H.3
  • 133
    • 33544467587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cellular neurobiology of severe mood and anxiety disorders: Implications for the development of novel therapeutics
    • Edited by Charney DS. Washington, American Psychiatric Publishing (in press)
    • Gould TD, Gray NA, Manji HK: The cellular neurobiology of severe mood and anxiety disorders: implications for the development of novel therapeutics, in Molecular Neurobiology for the Clinician. Edited by Charney DS. Washington, American Psychiatric Publishing (in press)
    • Molecular Neurobiology for the Clinician
    • Gould, T.D.1    Gray, N.A.2    Manji, H.K.3
  • 134
    • 0033578272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral phenotyping of transgenic and knockout mice: Experimental design and evaluation of general health, sensory functions, motor abilities, and specific behavioral tests
    • Crawley JN: Behavioral phenotyping of transgenic and knockout mice: experimental design and evaluation of general health, sensory functions, motor abilities, and specific behavioral tests. Brain Res 1999; 835:18-26
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.835 , pp. 18-26
    • Crawley, J.N.1
  • 135
    • 0034176019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultradian rapid cycling in prepubertal and early adolescent bipolarity is not in transmission disequilibrium with val/met COMT alleles
    • Geller B, Cook EH Jr: Ultradian rapid cycling in prepubertal and early adolescent bipolarity is not in transmission disequilibrium with val/met COMT alleles. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:605-609
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 605-609
    • Geller, B.1    Cook Jr., E.H.2
  • 137
    • 0037042056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome survey for susceptibility loci for recurrent, early-onset major depression: Results at 10cM resolution
    • Zubenko GS, Hughes HB, Stiffler JS, Zubenko WN, Kaplan BB: Genome survey for susceptibility loci for recurrent, early-onset major depression: results at 10cM resolution. Am J Med Genet 2002; 114:413-422
    • (2002) Am J Med Genet , vol.114 , pp. 413-422
    • Zubenko, G.S.1    Hughes, H.B.2    Stiffler, J.S.3    Zubenko, W.N.4    Kaplan, B.B.5
  • 138
    • 0037225850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective association of genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase with alcohol dependence in Native American Mission Indians
    • Wall TL, Carr LG, Ehlers CL: Protective association of genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase with alcohol dependence in Native American Mission Indians. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160:41-46
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 41-46
    • Wall, T.L.1    Carr, L.G.2    Ehlers, C.L.3
  • 141
    • 0034987265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium-related genetics of bipolar disorder
    • Detera-Wadleigh SD: Lithium-related genetics of bipolar disorder. Ann Med 2001; 33:272-285
    • (2001) Ann Med , vol.33 , pp. 272-285
    • Detera-Wadleigh, S.D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.