Androgen receptor as a target in androgen-independent prostate cancer

Urology

Volumn 60, Issue 3 SUPPL. 1, 2002, Pages 132-138

  Balk, Steven P ^a,b  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; BICALUTAMIDE; CELL NUCLEUS RECEPTOR; FLUTAMIDE; HORMONE ANTAGONIST; MUTANT PROTEIN; STEROID RECEPTOR;

ANDROGEN DEPENDENT PROSTATE CANCER; ARTICLE; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER THERAPY; DNA MICROARRAY; ENZYME ACTIVATION; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RELAPSE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0036755404     PISSN: 00904295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01593-5     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Mangelsdorf D.J., Thummel C., Beato M., et al. The nuclear receptor superfamily the second decade . Cell. 83:1995;835-839.
2. Quigley C.A., De Bellis A., Marschke K.B., et al. Androgen receptor defects historical, clinical, and molecular perspectives . Endocr Rev. 16:1995;271-321.
3. Brinkmann A.O., Blok L.J., de Ruiter P.E., et al. Mechanisms of androgen receptor activation and function. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 69:1999;307-313.
4. Eisenberger M.A., Blumenstein B.A., Crawford E.D., et al. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 339:1998;1036-1042.
5. Caubet J.F., Tosteson T.D., Dong E.W., et al. Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials using nonsteroidal antiandrogens . Urology. 49:1997;71-78.
6. Scher H.I., Liebertz C., Kelly W.K., et al. Bicalutamide for advanced prostate cancer the natural versus treated history of disease . J Clin Oncol. 15:1997;2928-2938.
7. Joyce R., Fenton M.A., Rode P., et al. High dose bicalutamide for androgen independent prostate cancer effect of prior hormonal therapy . J Urol. 159:1998;149-153.
8. Bubley G.J., Balk S.P. Treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Lessons from the androgen receptor. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 10:1996;713-725.
9. Feldman B.J., Feldman D. The development of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Nature Rev Cancer. 1:2001;34-45.
10. van der Kwast T.H., Schalken J., Ruizeveld de Winter J.A., et al. Androgen receptors in endocrine-therapy-resistant human prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 48:1991;189-193.
11. Ruizeveld de Winter J.A., Janssen P.J., Sleddens H.M., et al. Androgen receptor status in localized and locally progressive hormone refractory human prostate cancer. Am J Pathol. 144:1994;735-746.
12. Taplin M.E., Bubley G.J., Shuster T.D., et al. Mutation of the androgen-receptor gene in metastatic androgen- independent prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 332:1995;1393-1398.
13. Hobisch A., Culig Z., Radmayr C., et al. Distant metastases from prostatic carcinoma express androgen receptor protein. Cancer Res. 55:1995;3068-3072.
14. Leav I., McNeal J.E., Kwan P.W., et al. Androgen receptor expression in prostatic dysplasia (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia) in the human prostate an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study . Prostate. 29:1996;137-145.
15. Tsuji M., Kanda K., Murakami Y., et al. Biologic markers in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analyses . J Med Invest. 46:1999;35-41.
16. Harper M.E., Glynne-Jones E., Goddard L., et al. Expression of androgen receptor and growth factors in premalignant lesions of the prostate. J Pathol. 186:1998;169-177.
17. Sweat S.D., Pacelli A., Bergstralh E.J., et al. Androgen receptor expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. J Urol. 161:1999;1229-1232.
18. Visakorpi T., Hyytinen E., Koivisto P., et al. In vivo amplification of the androgen receptor gene and progression of human prostate cancer. Nat Genet. 9:1995;401-406.
19. Koivisto P., Kononen J., Palmberg C., et al. Androgen receptor gene amplification a possible molecular mechanism for androgen deprivation therapy failure in prostate cancer . Cancer Res. 57:1997;314-319.
20. Palmberg C., Koivisto P., Kakkola L., et al. Androgen receptor gene amplification at primary progression predicts response to combined androgen blockade as second line therapy for advanced prostate cancer. J Urol. 164:2000;1992-1995.
21. Jenster G., van der Korput H.A., van Vroonhoven C., et al. Domains of the human androgen receptor involved in steroid binding, transcriptional activation, and subcellular localization. Mol Endocrinol. 5:1991;1396-1404.
22. Simental J.A., Sar M., Lane M.V., et al. Transcriptional activation and nuclear targeting signals of the human androgen receptor. J Biol Chem. 266:1991;510-518.
23. Culig Z., Hobisch A., Cronauer M.V., et al. Mutant androgen receptor detected in an advanced-stage prostatic carcinoma is activated by adrenal androgens and progesterone. Mol Endocrinol. 7:1993;1541-1550.
24. Suzuki H., Sato N., Watabe Y., et al. Androgen receptor gene mutations in human prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 46:1993;759-765.
25. Suzuki H., Akakura K., Komiya A., et al. Codon 877 mutation in the androgen receptor gene in advanced prostate cancer relation to antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome . Prostate. 29:1996;153-158.
26. Taplin M.E., Bubley G.J., Ko Y.J., et al. Selection for androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancers treated with androgen antagonist. Cancer Res. 59:1999;2511-2515.
27. Zhao X.Y., Boyle B., Krishnan A.V., et al. Two mutations identified in the androgen receptor of the new human prostate cancer cell line MDA PCa 2a. J Urol. 162:1999;2192-2199.
28. Veldscholte J., Ris-Stalpers C., Kuiper G.G., et al. A mutation in the ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor of human LNCaP cells affects steroid binding characteristics and response to anti-androgens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 173:1990;534-540.
29. Fenton M.A., Shuster T.D., Fertig A.M., et al. Functional characterization of mutant androgen receptors from androgen-independent prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 3:1997;1383-1388.
30. Zhao X.Y., Malloy P.J., Krishnan A.V., et al. Glucocorticoids can promote androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells through a mutated androgen receptor. Nat Med. 6:2000;703-706.
31. McKenna N.J., Lanz R.B., O'Malley B.W. Nuclear receptor coregulators cellular and molecular biology . Endocr Rev. 20:1999;321-344.
32. Onate S.A., Tsai S.Y., Tsai M.J., et al. Sequence and characterization of a coactivator for the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science. 270:1995;1354-1357.
33. Voegel J.J., Heine M.J., Zechel C., et al. TIF2, a 160 kDa transcriptional mediator for the ligand-dependent activation function AF-2 of nuclear receptors. EMBO J. 15:1996;3667-3675.
34. Torchia J., Rose D.W., Inostroza J., et al. The transcriptional co-activator p/CIP binds CBP and mediates nuclear-receptor function. Nature. 387:1997;677-684.
35. Hong H., Kohli K., Garabedian M.J., et al. GRIP1, a transcriptional coactivator for the AF-2 transactivation domain of steroid, thyroid, retinoid, and vitamin D receptors. Mol Cell Biol. 17:1997;2735-2744.
36. Anzick S.L., Kononen J., Walker R.L., et al. AIB1, a steroid receptor coactivator amplified in breast and ovarian cancer. Science. 277:1997;965-968.
37. Takeshita A., Cardona G.R., Koibuchi N., et al. TRAM-1, A novel 160-kDa thyroid hormone receptor activator molecule, exhibits distinct properties from steroid receptor coactivator-1. J Biol Chem. 272:1997;27629-27634.
38. Ding X.F., Anderson C.M., Ma H., et al. Nuclear receptor-binding sites of coactivators glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) and steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC- 1) multiple motifs with different binding specificities . Mol Endocrinol. 12:1998;302-313.
39. Berrevoets C.A., Doesburg P., Steketee K., et al. Functional interactions of the AF-2 activation domain core region of the human androgen receptor with the amino-terminal domain and with the transcriptional coactivator TIF2 (transcriptional intermediary factor2). Mol Endocrinol. 12:1998;1172-1183.
40. Webb P., Nguyen P., Shinsako J., et al. Estrogen receptor activation function 1 works by binding p160 coactivator proteins. Mol Endocrinol. 12:1998;1605-1618.
41. Alen P., Claessens F., Verhoeven G., et al. The androgen receptor amino-terminal domain plays a key role in p160 coactivator-stimulated gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 19:1999;6085-6097.
42. Bevan C.L., Hoare S., Claessens F., et al. The AF1 and AF2 domains of the androgen receptor interact with distinct regions of SRC1. Mol Cell Biol. 19:1999;8383-8392.
43. Gregory C.W., He B., Johnson R.T., et al. A mechanism for androgen receptor-mediated prostate cancer recurrence after androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer Res. 61:2001;4315-4319.
44. Fujimoto N., Mizokami A., Harada S., et al. Different expression of androgen receptor coactivators in human prostate. Urology. 58:2001;289-294.
45. Horlein A.J., Naar A.M., Heinzel T., et al. Ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor co-repressor. Nature. 377:1995;397-404.
46. Chen J.D., Evans R.M. A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors. Nature. 377:1995;454-457.
47. Smith C.L., Nawaz Z., O'Malley B.W. Coactivator and corepressor regulation of the agonist/antagonist activity of the mixed antiestrogen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Mol Endocrinol. 11:1997;657-666.
48. Brzozowski A.M., Pike A.C., Dauter Z., et al. Molecular basis of agonism and antagonism in the oestrogen receptor. Nature. 389:1997;753-758.
49. Shiau A.K., Barstad D., Loria P.M., et al. The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen. Cell. 95:1998;927-937.
50. Yu X., Li P., Roeder R.G., et al. Inhibition of androgen receptor-mediated transcription by amino-terminal enhancer of split. Mol Cell Biol. 21:2001;4614-4625.
51. Yuan X., Lu M.L., Li T., et al. SRY interacts with and negatively regulates androgen receptor transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem. 276:2001;46647-46654.
52. Cheng S., Brzostek S., Lee S.R., et al. Inhibition of the dihydrotestosterone activated androgen receptor by the corepresor NCoR. Mol Endocrinol. 2002.
53. Lu S., Tsai S.Y., Tsai M.J. Regulation of androgen-dependent prostatic cancer cell growth androgen regulation of CDK2, CDK4, and CKI p16 genes . Cancer Res. 57:1997;4511-4516.
54. Lu S., Liu M., Epner D.E., et al. Androgen regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 gene through an androgen response element in the proximal promoter. Mol Endocrinol. 13:1999;376-384.
55. Knudsen K.E., Arden K.C., Cavenee W.K. Multiple G1 regulatory elements control the androgen-dependent proliferation of prostatic carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem. 273:1998;20213-20222.
56. Knudsen K.E., Cavenee W.K., Arden K.C. D-type cyclins complex with the androgen receptor and inhibit its transcriptional transactivation ability. Cancer Res. 59:1999;2297-2301.
57. Yamamoto A., Hashimoto Y., Kohri K., et al. Cyclin E as a coactivator of the androgen receptor. J Cell Biol. 150:2000;873-880.
58. Gregory C.W., Hamil K.G., Kim D., et al. Androgen receptor expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer is associated with increased expression of androgen-regulated genes. Cancer Res. 58:1998;5718-5724.
59. Waltregny D., Leav I., Signoretti S., et al. Androgen-driven prostate epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo involve the regulation of p27. Mol Endocrinol. 15:2001;765-782.
60. Reutens A.T., Fu M., Wang C., et al. Cyclin D1 binds the androgen receptor and regulates hormone-dependent signaling in a p300/CBP-associated factor (P/CAF)-dependent manner. Mol Endocrinol. 15:2001;797-811.
61. Culig Z., Hobisch A., Cronauer M.V., et al. Androgen receptor activation in prostatic tumor cell lines by insulin-like growth factor-I, keratinocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Eur Urol. 27:(suppl 2):1995;45-47.
62. Ikonen T., Palvimo J.J., Kallio P.J., et al. Stimulation of androgen-regulated transactivation by modulators of protein phosphorylation. Endocrinology. 135:1994;1359-1366.
63. de Ruiter P.E., Teuwen R., Trapman J., et al. Synergism between androgens and protein kinase-C on androgen-regulated gene expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 110:1995;R1-R6.
64. Nazareth L.V., Weigel N.L. Activation of the human androgen receptor through a protein kinase A signaling pathway. J Biol Chem. 271:1996;19900-19907.
65. Blok L.J., de Ruiter P.E., Brinkmann A.O. Forskolin-induced dephosphorylation of the androgen receptor impairs ligand binding. Biochemistry. 37:1998;3850-3857.
66. Sadar M.D. Androgen-independent induction of prostate-specific antigen gene expression via cross-talk between the androgen receptor and protein kinase A signal transduction pathways. J Biol Chem. 274:1999;7777-7783.
67. Craft N., Shostak Y., Carey M., et al. A mechanism for hormone-independent prostate cancer through modulation of androgen receptor signaling by the HER-2/neu tyrosine kinase. Nat Med. 5:1999;280-285.
68. Hobisch A., Eder I.E., Putz T., et al. Interleukin-6 regulates prostate-specific protein expression in prostate carcinoma cells by activation of the androgen receptor. Cancer Res. 58:1998;4640-4645.
69. Qiu Y., Ravi L., Kung H.J. Requirement of ErbB2 for signalling by interleukin-6 in prostate carcinoma cells. Nature. 393:1998;83-85.
70. Chen T., Wang L.H., Farrar W.L. Interleukin 6 activates androgen receptor-mediated gene expression through a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-dependent pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 60:2000;2132-2135.
71. Cockshott I.D., Cooper K.J., Sweetmore D.S., et al. The pharmacokinetics of Casodex in prostate cancer patients after single and during multiple dosing. Eur Urol. 18:(suppl 3):1990;10-17.
72. Abreu-Martin M.T., Chari A., Palladino A.A., et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 activates androgen receptor-dependent transcription and apoptosis in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Biol. 19:1999;5143-5154.
73. Truica C.I., Byers S., Gelmann E.P. Beta-catenin affects androgen receptor transcriptional activity and ligand specificity. Cancer Res. 60:2000;4709-4713.
74. Yang G., Truong L.D., Timme T.L., et al. Elevated expression of caveolin is associated with prostate and breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 4:1998;1873-1880.
75. Lu M.L., Schneider M.C., Zheng Y., et al. Caveolin-1 interacts with androgen receptor. A positive modulator of androgen receptor mediated transactivation. J Biol Chem. 276:2001;13442-13451.
76. Yeh S., Lin H.K., Kang H.Y., et al. From HER2/Neu signal cascade to androgen receptor and its coactivators a novel pathway by induction of androgen target genes through MAP kinase in prostate cancer cells . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96:1999;5458-5463.
77. Lin H.K., Yeh S., Kang H.Y., et al. Akt suppresses androgen-induced apoptosis by phosphorylating and inhibiting androgen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98:2001;7200-7205.