New insights into the second generation antihistamines

Drugs

Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 207-236

  Walsh, Garry M ^a   Annunziato, Lucio ^b   Frossard, Nelly ^c   Knol, Klaas ^d   Levander, Sten ^e   Nicolas, Jean Marie ^f   Taglialatela, Maurizo ^b   Tharp, Michael D ^g   Tillement, Jean P ^h   Timmerman, Henk ⁱ  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^e LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^f UCB PHARMA   (Belgium)

^g RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITÉ PARIS EST CRÉTEIL   (France)

ⁱ VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACRIVASTINE; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ASTEMIZOLE; AZATADINE; AZITHROMYCIN; CAREBASTINE; CETIRIZINE; CHLORPHENIRAMINE; CIMETIDINE; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLEMASTINE; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4; DIMETINDENE; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; EBASTINE; EPINASTINE; ERYTHROMYCIN; FEXOFENADINE; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HYDROXYZINE; IMIPRAMINE; KETOCONAZOLE; LORATADINE; MEPYRAMINE; MEQUITAZINE; OXATOMIDE; POTASSIUM CHANNEL AFFECTING AGENT; TEMELASTINE; TERFENADINE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ALLERGY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ASTHMA; CARDIOTOXICITY; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; LIPOPHILICITY; NEUROTOXICITY; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SEDATION;

ANTI-ASTHMATIC AGENTS; ASTHMA; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; HEART; HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; RECEPTORS, HISTAMINE H1;

EID: 0035095675     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200161020-00006     Document Type: Review

References (310)

1. Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic eczema: ISSAC
2. Histaminergic systems and sleep-studies in man with H1 and H2 antagonists
3. Comparative safety of H1 antihistamines
4. HB1-receptor antagonists: Comparative tolerability and safety
5. The clinical safety of H1-receptor antagonists: An EAACI position paper
6. Molecular pharmacological aspects of histamine receptors
7. Adverse effects of H1-receptor antagonists in the cardiovascular system
8. Interpatient heterogeneity in expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in small bowel: Lack of prediction by erythromycin breath test
9. QT interval monitoring during clinical studies with mizolastine, a new antistamine
10. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 14C-cetirizine in humans
11. Cetirizine: A reappraisal of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in selected allergic disorders
12. Fexofenadine
13. Evaluation of loratadine as an inducer of liver microsomal cytochrome P450 in rat and mice
14. Oxidation of histamine H1 antagonist mequitazine is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2D6 in human liver microsomes
15. Azelastine and flezelastine as reversing agents of multidrug resistance: Pharmacological and molecular studies
16. Reversal of multidrug resistance by phenothiazines and structurally related compounds
17. Terfenadine (seldane): A new drug for restoring sensitivity to multidrug resistant cancer cells
18. Pharmacological considerations in the modulation of multidrug resistance
19. 1 antihistamines
20. Terfenadine-ketoconazole interaction: Pharmacokinetic and electrocardiographic consequences
21. Comparison of the effect of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin on terfenadine steady-state pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic parameters
22. Ketoconazole inhibits loratadine metabolism in man
23. The metabolism of antihistamines and drug inter-actions: The role of cytochrome P450 enzymes
24. Effects of cetirizine and erythromycin, alone and in combination, on QT interval and pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects
25. A randomized, placebocontrolled, multiple-dose study to evaluate the electrocardiographic and pharmacokinetic interactions of azithromycin and cetirizine
26. Ketoconazole inhibits loratadine metabolism in man
27. Loratadine and ventricular tachycardia
28. Loratadine administered concomitantly with erythromycin: Pharmacokinetic and electrocardiographic evaluations
29. In vivo binding properties of non-sedating antihistamines to CNS histamine receptors
30. Drug transfer across the blood-brain barrier: Comparison of in vitro and in vivo models
31. Histamine receptors: Subclasses and specific ligands
32. In vivo occupation of cerebral histamine H1 receptors evaluated with [3H] mepyramine may predict sedative properties of psychotropic drugs
33. Sedation and histamine H1 receptor antagonism: Studies in man with the enantiomers of chlorpheniramine and dimethindene
34. 1 receptors?
35. Selective displacement of [3H] mepyramine from peripheral versus central nervous system receptors by loratadine, a non-selective antihistamine
36. Is there a difference in the affinity of histamine H1 receptor antagonists for CNS and peripheral receptors? An in vitro study
37. Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding the bovine histamine H1 receptor
38. Drug transport into the central nervous system
39. Hydrophobicity and central nervous system agents: On the principle of minimal hydrophobicity in drug design
40. Lipophilicity and hydrogen bond capacity of H1-antihistaminic agents in relation to their central sedative effects
41. Development of a new physiological model for brain penetration and its application to the design of centrally acting H2-receptor histamine antagonists
42. Can the distribution of a drug in the body be directed towards its site-specific targets? The example of antihistamines (histamine H1-receptor antagonists) and cetirizine
43. The binding of drugs to blood plasma macromolecules: Recent advances and therapeutic significance
44. The comparative pharmacokinetics of H1-receptor antagonists
45. The pharmacology and mechanisms of action of histamine H1-antagonists
46. Molecular properties and pharmacokinetic behavior of cetirizine, a zwitterionic H1-receptor antagonist
47. Does cetirizine belong to the new generation of antihistamines?. An investigation into its acute and subchronic effects on highway driving, psychometric test performance and daytime sleepiness
48. Sleepiness and performance during three days' use of cetirizine or diphenhydranie [abstract]
49. Antihistamines: Impaired performance and the tendency to sleep
50. Alertness and performance in man with enantiomers of chlophemiramine and dimethidine
51. Loratadine, a non-sedating antihistamine
52. A double-blind, placebo controlled investigation of the effects of fexofenadine, loratadine and promethazine on cognitive and psychomotor function
53. Antihistamines and aircrew: Usefulness of fexofenadine
54. Effects of the allergy season on mood and cognitive function
55. Sedation in allergic rhinitis is caused by the condition and not by antihistamine treatment
56. Seasonal allergic rhinitis and antihistamine effects on children's learning
57. Adverse effects of H1-receptor antagonists in the central nervous system
58. Dose-ranging comparative evaluation of cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
59. The effects of terfenadine with or without alcohol on an aspect of driving performance
60. Sedative effects of antihistamines
61. Double blind comparison of cetirizine and placebo in the treatment of seasonal rhinitis
62. Models to assess sedative properties of antihistamines
63. Variations among the non-sedating antihistamines: Are there real differences?
64. H1 receptor antagonists: Safety issues
65. Comparative tolerability of second generation antihistamines
66. Antihistamine effects on actual driving performance in a standard test: A summary of Dutch experience, 1989-94
67. The impact of allergic rhinitis on quality of life and other airway diseases
68. Second-generation antihistamines: A comparative review
69. Comparative study of cetirizine and terfenadine versus placebo in the symptomatic management of seasonal allergic rhinitis
70. Model for outcomes assessment of antihistamine use for seasonal allergic rhinitis
71. Efficacy and safety of cetirizine therapy in perennial allergic rhinitis
72. Comparison of efficacy, safety and skin test inhibition of cetirizine and astemizole
73. A clinical comparison of cetirizine versus astemizole in perennial allergic rhinitis
74. Evaluation of cetirizine in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
75. Efficacy of cetirizine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
76. Multicenter, crossover study of the efficacy and tolerability of terfenadine, 120 mg, versus cetirizine, 10 mg, in perennial allergic rhinitis
77. H1-receptor antagonist treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis
78. Perennial allergic rhinitis: Clinical efficacy of a new antihistamine
79. Inhibition of histamine-induced nasal obstruction by cetirizine in allergic rhinitis
80. Prophylactic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis
81. Urticaria: Clinical efficacy of cetirizine in comparison with hydroxyzine and placebo
82. Comparative efficacy of cetirizine and terfenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria
83. Comparison of cetirizine and terfenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria
84. A comparison of the efficacy of cetirizine and terfenadine: A double blind controlled study of chronic idiopathic urticaria
85. Cetirizine vs placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria: A double blind randomised cross-over study
86. Cetirizine vs astemizole in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria
87. Cetirizine improves quality of life as assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire (SF-36) in perennial allergic rhinitis
88. Improvement of quality of life by treatment with cetirizine in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis as determined by a French version of the SF-36 questionnaire
89. Cetirizine: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis
90. A placebo-controlled trial of cetirizine in seasonal allergic rhino-conjunctivitis in children aged 6 to 12 years
91. Cetirizine treatment of rhinitis in children with pollen allergy: Evidence of its anti-allergic activity
92. Prospective long term safety evaluation of the H1-receptor antagonist cetirizine in very young children with atopic dermatitis
93. Effects of loratadine and cetirizine on actual driving and psychometric test performance and EEG during driving
94. Central effects of the H1 antihistamine cetirizine
95. Sleepiness and performance during 3 day administration of cetirizine or diphenhydramine
96. Cetirizine effects on objective measures of daytime sleepiness and performance
97. Direct measurement of daytime sleepiness after administration of cetirizine and hydroxyzine with a standardised electroencephalographic assessment
98. Lack of interaction between two antihistamines, mizolastine and cetirizine, and ethanol in psychomotor and driving performance in healthy subjects
99. Specific review of the psychometric effects of cetirizine
100. Antihistamines, drowsiness and psychomotor impairment: Central nervous system effect of cetirizine
101. Quantitative effects of cetirizine and diphenhydramine on mental performances measured using an automobile driving simulator
102. Comparison of the central nervous system effects produced by six H1-receptor antagonists
103. The relative antihistaminic and psychomotor effects of hydroxyzine and cetirizine
104. A comparison of the effects of cetirizine and loratadine on human psychomotor activity
105. Peripheral antihistamine and central sedative effects of single and continuous oral doses of cetirizine and hydroxyzine
106. Lack of potentiation by cetirizine of alcohol-induced psychomotor disturbances
107. Psychometric aspects of antihistamines
108. Factors affecting the storage of drugs and other xenobiotics in adipose tissue
109. Astemizole-induced torsade de pointes
110. Cardiotoxic effect with convulsions in terfenadine overdose
111. Mechanisms of the cardiotoxic actions of terfenadine
112. Cardiac actions of antihistamines
113. 1-receptor antagonists astemizole and terfenadine compared with chlopheniramine and pyrilamine
114. Effects of terfenadine and its metabolite on a delayed rectifier K sup + channel from human heart
115. Lack of electrocardiographic effects of cetirizine in healthy humans
116. The systemic safety of fexofenadine HCl
117. QT lengthening and life-threatening arrhythmias associated with fexofenadine
118. Loratadine produces antihistaminic activity without adverse CNS, ECG or cardiovascular effects in guinea pigs: Comparative study with terfenadine and sedating antihistamines
119. Comparative analysis of the cardiotoxicity proclivities of second generation antihistamines in an experimental model predictive of adverse clinical ECG effects
120. Cardiotoxic and drug interaction profile of the second generation antihistamines ebastine and terfenadine in an experimental animal model torsade de pointes
121. Effects of cetirizine on the delayed K+ currents in cardiac cells: Comparison with terfenadine
122. Three months evaluation of electrocardiac effects of loratadine in humans
123. Cardiac effect of acrivastine compared to terfenadine
124. The electrocardiographic effects of cetirizine in normal subjects
125. Cetirizine overdose in a young child
126. Evaluation of the potential cardiotoxicity of the antihistamines terfenadine, astemizole, loratadine, and cetirizine in atopic children
127. Risk of non-sedating antihistamines
128. Two components of cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current: Differential sensitivity to block by class III antiarrhythmic agents
129. A family of potassium channel genes related to eag in Drosofila and mammals
130. A mechanistic link between an inherited and acquired cardiac arrhythmia: HERG encodes the IKr potassium channel
131. HERG, a primary human ventricular target of the non-sedating antihistamine terfenadine
132. Blockade of HERG channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes by the histamine re-ceptor antagonists terfenadine and astemizole
133. HERG encodes a K+ current highly conserved in tumors of different histogenesis: A selective advantage for cancer cells?
134. The molecular basis for the lack of HERG K+ channels block-related cardiotoxicity by the H1 receptor blocker cetifizine as compared to other second-generation antihistamines
135. Block of human cardiac Kv 1.5 channel by loratadine: Voltage-, time-, and use-dependent block at concentrations above therapeutic levels
136. H1 receptor antagonists: Antiallergic effects in vitro
137. Non-H1 receptor effects of antihistamines
138. Inhibition of eosinophil chemotaxis by a new antiallergic compound (cetirizine)
139. Inhibition of human eosinophil chemotaxis and of the IgE-dependent stimulation of human blood platelets by cetirizine
140. Modulation of human eosinophil chemotaxis and adhesion by anti-allergic drugs in vitro
141. Cetirizine inhibits the in vitro and ex vivo chemotactic responses of T lymphocytes and monocytes
142. Effects of cetirizine on human eosinophil and neutrophil activation in vitro
143. A study of the interaction between cetirizine and plasma membrane of eosinophils, neutrophils, platelets and lymphocytes using a fluorescence technique
144. Effect of cetirizine on human eosinophil superoxide generation, eosinophil chemotaxis and eosinophil peroxidase in vitro
145. Leukotriene B4 production by blood neutrophils in allergic rhinitis: Effects of cetirizine
146. Cetirizine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human neutrophils
147. In vitro effect of cetirizine on PGE2 release by rat peritoneal macrophages and human monocytes
148. Quantitative flow cytometric analysis of the effects of cetirizine on the expression of ICAM-1/CD54 on primary cultured nasal cells
149. Cetirizine counter-regulates interleukin-8 release from human epithelial cells (A549)
150. G proteins as biological targets for anti-allergic drugs?
151. Inhibitory effect of rupatadine on TNF-alpha release from human monocytes and mast cell line HMC-1
152. Effect of loratadine on human eosinophil function in vitro
153. Inhibitory activity of loratadine and descarboxyethoxyloratadine on histamine-induced activation of endothelial cells
154. Loratadine, an anti-histamine, blocks antigen and ionophore-induced leukotriene release from human lung in vitro
155. Effects of loratadine on cytosolic Ca2+ levels and leukotriene release: Novel mechanisms of action independent of the anti-histamine activity
156. 1 receptor antagonists on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, adenoid cells and primary cell lines
157. Platelet aggregation and histamine release by immunological stimuli
158. Inhibition of IgE- and non-IgE-mediated histamine release from human basophil leukocytes in vitro by a histamine H1-antagonist, desethoxycarbonyl-loratadine
159. Differential IL-10 receptor expression in acute versus chronic atopic eczema: Modulation by immunosuppressive drugs and cytokines in normal human keratinocytes
160. Anti-inflammatory properties of desloratadine (DCL): Effect on eosinophil chemotaxis, adhesion and release of superoxide anions
161. Effect of loratadine on nitrogen dioxide-induced changes in electrical resistance and release of inflammatory mediators from cultured human bronchial epithelial cells
162. Inhibition of mediator and cytokine release from dispersed nasal polyp cells by terfenadine
163. Effect of terfenadine on human eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic response and generation of superoxide
164. In vitro effects of H1-antihistamines on histamine and PGD2 release from mast cells of human lung, tonsil and skin
165. Effect of fexofenadine on eosinophil-induced changes in epithelial permeability and cytokine release from nasal epithelial cells of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
166. Are the anti-allergic properties of H1 antihistamines of any clinical relevance?
167. Terfenadine and fexofenadine reduce in vitro ICAM-1 expression on human continuous cell lines
168. Antiallergic activity of fexofenadine in vitro
169. Antiallergic effects of major metabolites of astemizole in rats and guinea pigs
170. Inhibitory effect of epinastine on superoxide generation by rat neutrophils
171. Effects of various drugs on superoxide generation, arachidonic acid release and phospolipase A2 in polymorphonuclcar leukocytes
172. Effect of azelastine hydrochloride on release and production of platelet activating factor in human neutrophils
173. Effects of azelastine on neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and oxygen radical production
174. Inhibitory effect of azelastine hydrochloride on synthesis and release of platelet activating factor from human alveolar macrophages
175. Azelastine hydrochloride inhibits platelet activating factor-like activity in human eosinophils
176. Inhibitory effect of azelastine on superoxide generation from activated inflammatory cells measured by a simple chemiluminescence method
177. Effects of some anti-asthma drugs on human eosinophil superoxide release and degranulation
178. Suppression of TNF-alpha secretion in a rat mast (RBL-2H3) cell line: Evidence for differential regulation of TNF-alpha release, transcription, and degranulation
179. Influence of the anti-allergic agent, azelastine, on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion from cultured mouse mast cells
180. Effect of azelastine on PGE2 production in fibroblasts in normal skin: The possibility of inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase by azelastine
181. Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis by azelastine
182. Suppression by azelastine hydrochloride of NFκB activation involved in generation of cytokines and nitric oxide
183. The inhibitory effect of oxatomide on oxygen radical products from human eosinophils and an eosinophilic cell line
184. Effects of anti-allergie drugs on human neutrophil superoxide generating NADPH oxidase
185. Advances in the immunobiology of eosinophils and their role in disease
186. The anti-inflammatory effects of cetirizine
187. The effects of cetirizine on the function of inflammatory cells involved in the allergic response
188. Modulation of eosinophilic chemotaxis with azelastine and budesonide in allergic patients
189. 1 receptor antagonists: Antiallergic effects in humans
190. Inhibitory effect of cetirizine 2HCl on eosinophil migration in vivo
191. Inhibitory effect of oral cetirizine on in vivo antigen-induced histamine and PAF-aceter release and eosinophil recruitment in human skin
192. Effect of cetirizine on mast cell mediator release and cellular traffic during the cutaneous late-phase reaction
193. 1 receptor blockade on the early and late response to cutaneous allergen challenge
194. Pharmacological modulation by cetirizine and lomtadine of antigen- and histamine-induced skin wheals and flares, and late accumulation of eosinophils
195. In vivo effects of cetirizine on cutaneous reactivity and eosinophil migration induced by platelet activating factor in man
196. Cetirizine reduces inflammatory cell recruitment and ICAM-1 (CD54) expression on conjunctival epithelium in both early- and late-phase re-actions after allergen-specific challenge
197. The effect of a single oral dose of prednisolone or cetirizine on inflammatory cells infiltrating allergen-induced cutaneous late-phase reactions in atopic subjects
198. Effect of cetirizine and prednisolone on cellular infiltration and cytokine mRNA expression during allergen-induced late cutaneous responses
199. Cetirizine reduces ICAM-1 on epithelial cells during nasal minimal persistent inflammation in asymptomatic children with mite-allergic asthma
200. The effect of cetirizine on sulfido leukotriene production by blood leukocytes in children with allergic rhinitis
201. Effect of cetirizine on nasal polyps and their associated symptoms
202. The effect of cetirizine and loratadine on codeine-induced histamine release in human skin in vivo assessed by cutaneous microdialysis
203. Bradykinin-induced wheal and flare in human skin is not mediated by histamine but is blocked by cetirizine
204. Cellular inflammatory responses during immediate, developing, and established late-phase allergic cutaneous reactions: Effects of cetirizine
205. Cellular inflammatory responses and mediator release during early developing late-phase allergic cutaneous inflammatory responses: Effects of cetirizine
206. Cetirizine treatment of allergic cough in children with pollinosis
207. Effect of cetirizine on cutaneous reactions to PAE kallikrein and serum in patients with chronic urticaria
208. 1 antagonist
209. Inhibitory effect of cetirizine on the bronchial eosinophil recruitment induced by allergen inhalation challenge in allergic patients with asthma
210. 1 antihistamine, on the early and late allergic reactions in a bronchial provocation test with allergen
211. Pharmacologic modulation by cetirizine of some adhesion molecules expression in psoriatic skin lesions
212. Cetirizine inhibits bradykinin-induced cutaneous wheal and flare in atopic and healthy subjects
213. Allergen-induced increase in non-specific nasal reactivity is blocked by antihistamines without a clear-cut relationship to eosinophil influx
214. 1-blockers in seasonal allergic rhinitis
215. The effect of a 1-week administration of cetirizine on the chemotaxis and superoxide anion production of neutrophils from healthy volunteers
216. Characterisation of a primate model of asthma using anti-allergy/anti-asthma agents
217. Suppression by cetirizine of pleurisy triggered by antigen in actively sensitised rats
218. Pleural fluid eosinophils suppress local IgE-mediated protein exudation in rats
219. Canine in vivo tracheal chemotaxis of eosinophils to antigen in sensitised dogs: Inhibition by a steroid, a systemic lavaroid U-78517F, and several topical antihistamines
220. Effects of antihistamines on inflammatory mediators
221. Continuous versus on demand treatment with cetirizine for allergic rhinitis
222. 1-blockade
223. Histamine and tryptase in nasal lavage fluid after allergen challenge: Effect of 1 week of pretreatment with intranasal azelastine or systemic cetirizine
224. Loratadine treatment of rhinitis due to pollen allergy reduces epithelial ICAM-1 expression
225. Protective effect of loratadine on late phase reaction induced by conjunctival provocation test
226. Loratadine reduces ICAM-1 expression on conjunctiva after specific challenge in pollen allergic patients
227. Cetirizine and loratadine do not inhibit codeine-induced histamine release in human skin in vivo
228. Effects of antihistamines on cutaneous reactions and influx of eosinophils after local injection of PAF, kallikrein, compound 48/80 and histamine in patients with chronic urticaria and healthy subjects
229. A controlled study of the effectiveness of loratadine in combination with flunisolide in the treatment of nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia (NARES)
230. The effect of loratadine on activated cells of the nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis
231. Loratadine reduces allergen-induced mucosal output of α2-macroglobulin and tryptase in allergic patients
232. 1-receptor antagonists assessed by nasal challenge
233. Effects of loratadine on anti-IgE-induced inflammation, histamine release and leukocyte recruitment in skin of atopics
234. Suppressive effect of loratadine on allergen-induced histamine release in the nose
235. Protective effect of terfenadine at different dosages on conjunctival provocation test
236. Terfenadine exerts antiallergic activity reducing ICAM-1 expression on nasal epithelial cells in patients with pollen allergy
237. Allergic bronchial eosinophilia: A therapeutic approach for the selection of potential bronchial anti-inflammatory drugs
238. 1 antagonist (terfenadine) while mediator release is unaffected in vivo and in vitro
239. 1 antihistamine inhibits histamine release in vivo in the human
240. The effects of terfenadine acid metabolite (TAM) on airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin-sensitised mice
241. Suppression of the early and late cutaneous allergic responses using the HI-Receptor antagonist fexofenadine and the cysteinyl leukotrienel-antagonist montelukast
242. Evaluation of cytokines in nasal secretions after nasal antigen challenge
243. Effect of ebastine on mosquito bites
244. Ebastine has more than an antihistamine effect
245. Anti-inflammatory properties of mizolastine after oral administration on arachidonic acid-induced cutaneous reaction in the rat
246. Effect of mizolastine on visceral afferent sensitivity and inflammation during experimental colitis
247. Effects of mizolastine in vitro on hyman immunocompetent and airway cells; evidence for safety and additional property
248. Humoral and cellular responses to histamine and pollen allergen in a skin chamber model: Effect of mizolastine
249. Chronic urticaria serum induces histamine release, leukotriene production, and basophil CD63 surface expression: Inhibitory effects of anti-inflammatory drugs
250. The effect of azelastine on the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the bronchial mucosa and clinical changes in patients with bronchial asthma
251. Azelastine eye drops reduce and prevent allergic conjunctival reaction and exert anti-allergic activity
252. Topical azelastine reduces eosinophil activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on nasal epithelial cells: An antiallergic activity
253. Effects of anti-allergic drugs on substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in nasal secretions
254. Inhibition of leukotriene (SRS-A)-mediated acute lung anaphylaxis by azelastine in guinea-pigs
255. Azelastine eye drops reduce conjunctival hyperresponsiveness to hyperosmolar glucose challenge in children with asymptomatic mite conjunctivitis
256. Effect of azelastine on platelet-activating factor-induced microvascular leakage in rat airways
257. Effects of azelastine on the level of serum interleukin-4 and soluble CD23 antigen in the treatment of nasal allergy
258. Investigation of the anti-allergic activity of azelastine on the immediate and late-phase reactions to allergens and histamine using telethermography
259. Oxatomide reduces inflammatory events induced by allergen-specific conjunctival challenge
260. Allergic subjects express intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 or CD54) on epithelial cells of conjunctiva after allergen challenge
261. Clinical assessment of antihistamines in rhinitis
262. Consensus statement on the treatment of allergic rhinitis
263. Intranasal corticosteroids versus H1 receptor antagonists in allergic rhinitis: Systematic review of randomised control trials
264. A double-blind, singledose, crossover comparison of cetirizine, terfenadine, loratadine, astemizole, and chlorpheniramine versus placebo: Suppressive effects on histamine-induced wheals and flares during 24 hours in normal subjects
265. Consistency of the reactivity of cetirizine and ebastine on skin reactivity
266. Pharmacologic modulation by cetirizine 2HC1 and loratadine of the histamine-induced skin reaction in mice and in humans
267. Laser Doppler flowmetry on histamine-induced skin response
268. Assessment of the wheal size and skin blood flow of the erythema induced by histamine and its modification with cetirizine and ebastine: A crossover, double blind study
269. Onset of action, efficacy, and safety of a single dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride for ragwced allergy using an environmental exposure unit
270. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine hydrochloride (120 and 180 mg once daily) and cetirizine in seasonal allergic rhinitis
271. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of fexofenadine HCl in the treatment of chronic idiopathic uricaria
272. Peripheral H1-blockade effect of fexofenadine
273. A comparison of cetirizine, ebastine, epinastine, fexofenadine, terfenadine and loratadine versus placebo in suppressing the cutaneous response to histamine
274. Antihistamines in asthma
275. To use or not to use antihistamines in patients with asthma
276. Spontaneous histamine-release and histamine content in normal subjects and subjects with asthma
277. Direct evidence of a role for mast cells in pathogenesis of antigen-induced broncho-constriction
278. Elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid histamine levels in allergic asthmatics are associated with methacholine bronchial hyperresponsiveness
279. Antihistamines in the treatment of asthma
280. The comparative actions and adverse effect profile of single doses of H1-receptor antihistamines in the airways and skin of subjects with asthma
281. Dose-response relationship of the H1-histamine antagonist, ebastine, against histamine- and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma
282. The effects of a new generation of H1 antihistamines (cetirizine and loratadine) on histamine release and the bronchial response to histamine in atopic patients
283. Effect of cetirizine, a potent H1 antagonist, on platelet activating factor induced bronchoconstriction in asthma
284. A comparison of the effects of oral cetirizine and inhaled beclomethasone on the early and late asthmatic responses to allergen and the associated increases in airways responsiveness
285. Protective effect of cetirizine in patients suffering from pollen asthma
286. Double-blind multicenter study of cetirizine in grass pollen-induced asthma
287. Prophylactic treatment of grass pollen-induced asthma with cetirizine
288. Effect of oral and inhaled cetirizine in allergen-induced bronchoconstriction
289. Evaluation of the effect of oral cetirizine on antigen-induced immediate asthmatic response
290. Corticosteroid-sparing effect of azelastine in the management of bronchial asthma
291. Duration of action of a single dose of azelastine in patients with chronic asthma
292. An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of azelastine in patients with chronic asthma: Azelastine-asthma study group
293. Cetirizine in patients with seasonal rhinitis and concomitant asthma: Prospective, randomised, placebo controlled trial
294. Evaluation of cetirizine in patients with allergic rhinitis and perennial asthma
295. Comparison of the bronchodilatory effects of cetirizine, albuterol and both together versus placebo in patients with mild to moderate asthma
296. Is there a place for antihistamines in the treatment of perennial asthma?
297. Terfenadine, a potent antihistamine H1-receptor antagonist in the treatment of grass pollen-sensitive asthma
298. Treatment of bronchial asthma with terfenadine; a randomised controlled trial
299. Allergic bronchial asthma treated with loratadine
300. Effect of a non-sedative antihistamine (loratadine) in moderate asthma: A doubleblind, controlled clinical crossover trial
301. Lack of effect of loratadine on moderate to severe asthma
302. Efficacy and safety of loratadine plus pseudoephedrine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and mild asthma
303. The nose and the paranasal sinuses in asthma
304. Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine on this progression in a doubleblind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETAC
305. Sedation and antihistamines: A review of inter-drug differences using proportion impairment ratios