The structure, regulation and function of the Janus kinases (JAKs) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs)

European Journal of Biochemistry

Volumn 248, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 615-633

  Pellegrini, Sandra ^a   Dusanter Fourt, Isabelle ^b  

^a INSTITUT PASTEUR   (France)

^b INSTITUT COCHIN   (France)

Author keywords

Cytokine; Janus kinase; Protein tyrosine kinase; Receptor; Signal transducer and activator of transcription; Signaling; Transcription factor

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR; ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTOR; INTERFERON RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 6 RECEPTOR; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; STAT1 PROTEIN; STAT2 PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CELL PROLIFERATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; ENZYME STRUCTURE; GENE ACTIVATION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

JANUS;

EID: 0030804219     PISSN: 00142956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00615.x     Document Type: Review

References (228)

1. Briscoe, J., Guschin, D. & Muller, M. (1994) Just another signalling pathway, Curr. Biol. 4, 1033-1035.
2. Ziemiecki, A., Harpur, A. G. & Wilks, A. F. (1994) JAK protein tyrosine kinases: their role in cytokine signalling, Trends Cell Biol. 4, 207-212.
3. Darnell, J. E. Jr. Kerr, I. M. & Stark, G. R. (1994) Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signalling proteins, Science 264, 1415-1421.
4. Kishimoto, T., Taga, T. & Akira, S. (1994) Cytokine signal transduction, Cell 76, 253-262.
5. Ihle, J. N., Witthuhn, B. A., Quelle, F. W., Yamamoto, K. & Silvennoinen, O. (1995) Signalling through the hematopoietic cytokine receptors, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13, 369-398.
6. Ihle, J. N. & Kerr, I. M. (1995) Jaks and Stats in signalling by the cytokine receptor superfamily, Trends Genet. 11, 69-74.
7. Ihle, J. N. (1995) The Janus protein tyrosine kinase family and its role in cytokine signalling, Adv. Immun. 60, 1-35.
8. Schindler, C. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1995) Transcriptional responses to polypeptide ligands: the JAK-STAT pathway, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64, 621-651.
9. Taniguchi, T. (1995) Cytokine signalling through nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases, Science 268, 251-255.
10. Leaman, D. W., Leung, S., Li, X. & Stark, G. R. (1996) Regulation of STAT-dependent pathways by growth factors and cytokines, FASEB J. 10, 1578-1588.
11. Lai, K. S., Jin, Y., Graham, D. K., Witthuhn, B. A., Ihle, J. N. & Liu, E. T. (1995) A kinase-deficient splice variant of the human JAK3 is expressed in hematopoietic and epithelial cancer cells, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 25028-25036.
12. Verbsky, J. W., Bach, E. A., Fang, Y. F., Yang, L., Randolph, D. A. & Fields, L. E. (1996) Expression of Janus kinase 3 in human endothelial and other non-lymphoid and non-myeloid cells, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 13976-13980.
13. Binari, R. & Perrimon, N. (1994) Stripe-specific regulation of pair-rule genes by hopscotch, a putative Jak family tyrosine kinase in Drosophila, Genes Dev. 8, 300-312.
14. Wells, J. A. & Devos, A. M. (1996) Hematopoietic receptor complexes, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65, 609-634.
15. Bagley, C. J., Woodcock, J. M., Stomski, F. C. & Lopez, A. F. (1997) The structural and functional basis of cytokine receptor activation: lessons from the common b subunit of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-3 (IL-3) and IL-5 receptors, Blood 89, 1471-1482.
16. Paonessa, G., Graziani, R., De Serio, A., Savino, R., Ciapponi, L., Lahm, A., Salvati, A., Toniatti, C. & Ciliberto, G. (1995) Two distinct and independent sites on IL-6 trigger gp130 dimer formation and signalling, EMBO J. 14, 1942-1951.
17. Lutticken, C., Wegenka, U. M., Yuan, J., Buschmann, J., Schindler, C., Ziemiecki, A., Harpur, A. G., Wilks, A. F., Yasukawa, K., Taga, T., Kishimoto, T., Barbieri, G., Pellegrini, S., Sendter, M., Heinrich, P. C. & Horn, F. (1994) Association of transcription factor APRF and protein kinase Jak1 with the interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130, Science 263, 89-92.
18. Stahl, N., Boulton, T. G., Farruggella, T., Ip, N. Y., Davis, S., Witthuhn, B. A., Quelle, F. W., Silvennoinen, O., Barbieri, G., Pellegrini, S., Ihle, J. N. & Yancopoulos, G. D. (1994) Association and activation of Jak-Tyk kinases by CNTF-LIF-OSM-IL-6 beta receptor components, Science 263, 92-95.
19. Bach, E. A., Tanner, J. W., Marsters, S., Ashkenazi, A., Aguet, M., Shaw, A. S. & Schreiber, R. D. (1996) Ligand-induced assembly and activation of the gamma interferon receptor in intact cells, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 3214-3221.
20. Uze, G., Lutfalla, G. & Mogensen, K. E. (1995) α and β interferons and their receptors and their friends and relations, J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 15, 3-26.
21. Lutfalla, G., Holland, S. J., Cinato, E., Monneron, D., Reboul, J., Rogers, N. C., Smith, J. M., Stark, G. R., Gardiner, K., Mogensen, K. E., Kerr, I. M. & Uzé, G. (1995) Mutant U5A cells are complemented by an interferon-alpha beta receptor subunit generated by alternative processing of a new member of a cytokine receptor gene cluster, EMBO J. 14, 5100-5108.
22. Leaman, D. W., Pisharody, S., Flickinger, T. W., Commane, M. A., Schlessinger, J., Kerr, I. M., Levy, D. E. & Stark, G. R. (1996) Roles of JAKs in activation of STATs and stimulation of c-fos gene expression by epidermal growth factor, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 369-375.
23. Vignais, M. L., Sadowski, H. B., Watling, D., Rogers, N. C. & Gilman, M. (1996) Platelet-derived growth factor induces phosphorylation of multiple JAK family kinases and STAT proteins, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 1759-1769.
24. Novak, U., Harpur, A. G., Paradiso, L., Kanagasundaram, V., Jaworowski, A., Wilks, A. F. & Hamilton, J. A. (1995) Colony-stimulating factor 1-induced STAT1 and STAT3 activation is accompanied by phosphorylation of Tyk2 in macrophages and Tyk2 and JAKI in fibroblasts, Blood 86, 2948-2956.
25. Murakami, N., Narazaki, M., Hibi, M., Yawata, H., Yasukawa, K., Hamguchi, M., Taga, T. & Kishimoto, T. (1991) Critical cytoplasmic region of the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp 130 is conserved in the cytokine receptor superfamily, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 11349-11353.
26. Witthuhn, B., Quelle, F. W., Silvennoinen, O., Yi, T., Tang, B., Miura, O. & Ihle, J. N. (1993) JAK2 associates with the erythropoietin receptor and is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated following EPO stimulation, Cell 74, 227-236.
27. Miura, O., Nakamura, N., Quelle, F. W., Witthuhn, B. A., Ihle, J. N. & Aoki, N. (1994) Erythropoietin induces association of the JAK2 protein tyrosine kinase with the erythropoietin receptor in vivo, Blood 84, 1501-1507.
28. Tanner, J. W., Chen, W., Young, R. L., Longmore, G. D. & Shaw, A. S. (1995) The conserved box 1 motif of cytokine receptors is required for association with JAK kinases, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6523-6530.
29. VanderKuur, J. A., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Campbell, G. S., Allevato, G., Billestrup, N., Norstedt, G. & Carter-Su, C. (1994) Domains of the growth hormone receptor required for association and activation of JAK2 tyrosine kinase, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 21709-21717.
30. Goujon, L., Allevato, G., Simonin, G., Paquereau, L., Le Cam, A., Clark, J., Nielsen, J. H., Djiane, J., Postel-Vinay, M., Edery, M. & Kelly, P. A. (1994) Cytoplasmic sequences of the growth hormone necessary for signal transduction, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 957-961.
31. Hackett, R. H., Wang, Y. D. & Lamer, A. C. (1995) Mapping of the cytoplasmic domain of the human growth hormone receptor required for the activation of Jak2 and Stat proteins, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 21326-21330.
32. DaSilva, L., Howard, O. M., Rui, H., Kirken, R. A. & Farrar, W. L. (1994) Growth signalling and JAK2 association mediated by membrane-proximal cytoplasmic regions of prolactin receptors, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 18267-18270.
33. Jiang, N., He, T. C., Miyajima, A. & Wojchowski, D. M. (1996) The box1 domain of the erythropoietin receptor specifies Janus kinase 2 activation and functions mitogenically within an interleukin 2 beta-receptor chimera, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 16472-16476.
34. Miura, O., Cleveland, J. L. & Ihle, J. N. (1993) Inactivation of erythropoietin receptor function by point mutations in a region having homology with other cytokine receptors, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 1788-1795.
35. He, T., Jiang, N., Quelle, D. E. & Wojchowski, D. M. (1994) The extended box2 subdomain of erythropoietin receptor is non essential for Jak2 activation yet critical for efficient mitogenesis in FDC-ER cells, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 18291-18294.
36. Colosi, P., Wong, K., Leong, S. R. & Wood, W. I. (1993) Mutational analysis of the intracellular domain of the human growth hormone receptor, J. Biol. Chem. 268, 12617-12623.
37. Lebrun, J. J., Ali, S., Ullrich, A. & Kelly, P. A. (1995) Proline-rich sequence-mediated Jak2 association to the prolactin receptor is required but not sufficient for signal transduction, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 10664-10670.
38. Zhao, Y., Wagner, F., Frank, S. J. & Kraft, A. S. (1995) The amino-terminal portion of the JAK2 protein kinase is necessary for binding and phosphorylation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor β chain, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13814-13818.
39. Kaplan, D. H., Greenland, A. C., Tanner, J. W., Shaw, A. S. & Schreiber, R. D. (1996) Identification of an interferon-gamma receptor alpha chain sequence required for JAK-1 binding, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9-12.
40. Yan, H., Krishnan, K., Lim, J. T., Contillo, L. G. & Krolewski, J. J. (1996) Molecular characterization of an alpha interferon receptor 1 subunit (IFNaR1) domain required for TYK2 binding and signal transduction, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 2074-2082.
41. Nelson, B. H., Lord, J. D. & Greenberg, P. D. (1996) A membrane-proximal region of the interleukin-2 receptor gamma c chain sufficient for Jak kinase activation and induction of proliferation in T cells, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 309-317.
42. Sawyer, S. T. & Penta, K. (1996) Association of JAK2 and STAT5 with erythropoietin receptors, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 32430-32437.
43. Frank, S. J., Yi, W., Zhao, Y., Goldsmith, J. F., Gilliland, G., Jiang, J., Sakai, I. & Kraft, A. (1995) Regions of the JAK2 tyrosine kinase required for coupling to the growth hormone receptor, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 14776-14785.
44. Kohlhuber, F., Rogers, N. C., Watling, D., Feng, J., Guschin, D., Briscoe, J., Witthuhn, B. A., Kotenko, S. V., Pestka, S., Stark, G. R., Ihle, J. N. & Kerr, I. M. (1997) A JAK1/JAK2 chimera can sustain alpha and gamma interferon responses, Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 695-706.
45. Velazquez, L., Mogensen, K. E., Barbieri, G., Fellous, M., Uzé, G. & Pellegrini, S. (1995) Distinct domains of the protein tyrosine kinase tyk2 required for binding of interferon-alpha/beta and for signal transduction, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 3327-3334.
46. Argetsinger, L. S., Campbell, G. S., Yang, X., Witthuhn, B. A., Silvennoinen, O., Ihle, J. N. & Carter-Su, C. (1993) Identification of JAK2 as a growth hormone receptor-associated tyrosine kinase, Cell 74, 237-244.
47. Wakao, H., Harada, N., Kitamura, T., Mui, A. L. & Miyajima, A. (1995) Interleukin 2 and erythropoietin activate STAT5/MGF via distinct pathways, EMBO J. 14, 2527-2535.
48. Colamonici, O., Yan, H., Domanski, P., Handa, R., Smalley, D., Mullersman, J., Witte, M., Krishnan, K. & Krolewski, J. (1994) Direct binding to and tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the type I interferon receptor by p135tyk2 tyrosine kinase, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 8133-8142.
49. Quelle, F. W., Thierfelder, W., Witthuhn, B. A., Tang, B., Cohen, S. & Ihle, J. N. (1995) Phosphorylation and activation of the DNA binding activity of purified Stat1 by the Janus protein-tyrosine kinases and the epidermal growth factor receptor, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 20775-20780.
50. Duhe, R. J. & Farrar, W. L. (1995) Characterization of active and inactive forms of the JAK2 protein-tyrosine kinase produced via the baculovirus expression vector system, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23084-23089.
51. Yamamoto, K., Quelle, F. W., Thierfelder, W. E., Kreider, B. L., Gilbert, D. J., Jenkins, N. A., Copeland, N. G., Silvennoinen, O. & Ihle, J. N. (1994) Stat4, a novel gamma interferon activation site-binding protein expressed in early myeloid differentiation, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 4342-4349.
52. Wang, Y., Morella, K. K., Ripperger, J., Lai, C. F., Gearing, D. P., Fey, G. H., Campos, S. P. & Baumann, H. (1995) Receptors for interleukin-3 (IL-3) and growth hormone mediate an IL-6-type transcriptional induction in the presence of JAK2 or STAT3, Blood 86, 1671-1679.
53. Eilers, A., Kanda, K., Klose, B., Krolewski, J. & Decker, T. (1996) Constitutive STAT1 phosphorylation in U937 monocytes over-expressing the TYK2 protein tyrosine kinase does not induce gene transcription, Cell Growth Differ. 7, 833.
54. Watowich, S. S., Hilton, D. J. & Lodish, H. F. (1994) Activation and inhibition of erythropoietin receptor function: role of receptor dimerization, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 3535-3549.
55. Krishnan, K., Yan, H., Lim, J. T. & Krolewski, J. (1996) Dimerization of a chimeric CD4-interferon-a receptor reconstitutes the signalling events preceding STAT phosphorylation, Oncogene 13, 125-133.
56. Kammer, W., Lischke, A., Moriggl, R., Groner, B., Ziemiecki, A., Gurniak, C., Berg, L. & Friedrich, K. (1996) Homodimerization of interleukin-4 receptor a chain can induce intracellular signalling, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 23634-23637.
57. Sakai, I., Nabell, L. & Kraft, A. S. (1995) Signal transduction by a CD16/CD7/Jak2 fusion protein, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 18420-18427.
58. Nakamura, N., Chin, H., Miyasaka, N. & Miura, O. (1996) An epidermal growth factor receptor/Jak2 tyrosine kinase domain chimera induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 and transduces a growth signal in hematopoietic cells, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 19483-19488.
59. Johnson, L. N., Noble, M. E. & Owen, D. (1996) Active and inactive protein kinases: structural basis for regulation, Cell 85, 149-158.
60. Gauzzi, M. C., Velazquez, L., McKendry, R., Mogensen, K. E., Fellous, M. & Pellegrini, S. (1996) Interteron-alpha-dependent activation of Tyk2 requires phosphorylation of positive regulatory tyrosines by another kinase, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20494-20500.
61. Briscoe, J., Rogers, N. C., Witthuhn, B. A., Watling, D., Harpur, A. G., Wilks, A. F., Stark, G. R., Ihle, J. N. & Kerr, I. M. (1996) Kinase-negative mutants of JAK I can sustain interferon-gamma-inducible gene expression but not an antiviral state, EMBO J. 15, 799-809.
62. Guschin, D., Rogers, N., Briscoe, J., Witthuhn, B., Watling, D., Horn, F., Pellegrini, S., Yasukawa, K., Heinrich, P., Stark, G. R., Ihle, J. N. & Kerr, I. M. (1995) A major role for the protein tyrosine kinase JAK1 in the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway in response to interleukin-6, EMBO J. 14, 1421-1429.
63. Hanks, S. K. & Queen, A. M. (1991) Methods Enzymol. 200, 38-62.
64. Zhuang, H., Patel, S. V., He, T., Sonsteby, S. K., Niu, Z. & Wojchowski, D. M. (1994) Inhibition of erythropoietin-induced mitogenesis by a kinase-deficient form of Jak2, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 21411-21414.
65. Riedy, M. C., Dutra, A. S., Blake, T. B., Modi, W., Lal, B. K., Davis, J., Bosse, A., O'Shea, J. J. & Johnston, J. A. (1996) Genomic sequence, organization, and chromosomal localization of human JAK3, Genomics 37, 57-61.
66. Gurniak, C. B., Thomis, D. C. & Berg, L. J. (1997) Genomic structure and promoter region of the murine Janus-family tyrosine kinase, Jak3, DNA Cell Biol. 16, 85-94.
67. Luo, H., Rose, P., Barber, D., Hanratty, W. P., Lee, S., Roberts, T. M., D'Andrea, A. D. & Dearolf, C. R. (1997) Mutation in Jak kinase JH2 domain hyperactivates Drosophila and mammalian Jak-Stat pathways, Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 1562-1571.
68. Fujitani, Y., Hibi, M., Fukuda, T., Takahashi-Tezuka, M., Yoshida, H., Yamaguchi, T., Sugiyama, K., Yamanaka, Y., Nakajima, K. & Hirano, T. (1997) An alternative pathway for STAT activation that is mediated by the direct interaction between JAK and STAT, Oncogene 14, 751-761.
69. Walter, M. R., Windsor, W. T., Nagabhushan, T. L., Lundell, D. J., Lunn, C. A., Zauodny, P. J. & Narula, S. K. (1995) Crystal structure of a complex between interferon-γ and its soluble high-affinity receptor, Nature 376, 230-235.
70. Greenlund, A. C., Farrar, M. A., Viviano, B. L. & Schreiber, R. D. (1994) Ligand-induced IFN gamma receptor tyrosine phosphorylation couples the receptor to its signal transduction system (p91), EMBO J. 13, 1591-600.
71. Kotenko, S. V., Izotova, L. S., Pollack, B. P., Muthukumaran, G., Paukku, K., Silvennoinen, O., Ihle, J. N. & Pestka, S. (1996) Other kinases can substitute for Jak2 in signal transduction by interferon-gamma, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 17174-17182.
72. Lui, S. Y., Xu, W., Gaffen, S. L., Liu, K. D., Longmore, G. D., Greene, W. C. & Goldsmith, M. A. (1996) The molecular role of the common γc in signal transduction reveals functional asymmetry within multimeric cytokine receptor complexes, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 231-235.
73. Leonard, W. J. (1996) Dysfunctional cytokine receptor signalling in severe combined immunodeficiency, J. Invest. Med. 44, 304-311.
74. VanderKuur, J., Allevato, G., Billestrup, N., Norstedt, G. & Carter-Su, C. (1995) Growth hormone-promoted tyrosyl phosphorylation of SHC proteins and SHC association with Grb2, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7587-7593.
75. Han, Y., Leaman, D. W., Watling, D., Rogers, N. C., Groner, B., Kerr, I. M., Wood, W. I. & Stark, G. R. (1996) Participation of JAK and STAT proteins in growth hormone-induced signalling, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 5947-5952.
76. Winston, L. A. & Hunter, T. (1995) JAK2, Ras, and Raf are required for activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase by growth hormone, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 30837-30840.
77. Xia, K., Mukhopadhyay, N. K., Inborn, R. C., Barber, D. L., Rose, P. E., Lee, R. S., Narsimhan, R. P., D'Andrea, A. D., Griffin, J. D. & Roberts, T. M. (1996) The cytokine-activated tyrosine kinase JAK2 activates Raf-1 in a p21ras-dependent manner, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 11681-11686.
78. Welham, M. J., Dechert, U., Leslie, K. B., Jirik, F. & Schrader, J. W. (1994) Interleukin (IL)-3 and granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor, but not IL-4, induce tyrosine phosphorylation, activation, and association of SHPTP2 with Grb2 and phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 23764-23768.
79. Stahl, N., Farruggella, T. J., Boulton, T. G., Zhong, Z., Darnell, J. J. & Yancopoulos, G. D. (1995) Choice of STATs and other substrates specified by modular tyrosine-based motifs in cytokine receptors, Science 267, 1349-1353.
80. Ali, S., Chen, Z., Lebrun, J. J., Vogel, W., Kharitonenkov, A., Kelly, P. A. & Ullrich, A. (1996) PTP1D is a positive regulator of the prolactin signal leading to beta-casein promoter activation, EMBO J. 15, 135-142.
81. David, M., Zhou, G., Pine, R., Dixon, J. E. & Larner, A. C. (1996) The SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase PTP ID is required for interferon alpha/beta-induced gene expression, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 15862-15865.
82. Gupta, S., Yan, H., Wong, L. H., Ralph, S., Krolewski, J. & Schindler, C. (1996) The SH2 domains of Stat1 and Stat2 mediate multiple interactions in the transduction of IFN-alpha signals, EMBO J. 15, 1075-1084.
83. Silvennoinen, O., Schindler, C., Schlessinger, J. & Levy, D. E. (1993) Ras-independent growth factor signalling by transcription factor tyrosine phosphorylation, Science 261, 1736-1739.
84. Streuli, M. (1996) Protein tyrosine phosphatases in signalling, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8, 182-188.
85. Klingmuller, U., Lorenz, U., Cantley, L. C., Nell, B. G. & Lodish, H. F. (1995) Specific recruitment of the hematopoietic protein tyrosine phosphatase SH-PTP1 to the erythropoietin receptor causes inactivation of JAK2 and termination of proliferative signals, Cell 80, 729-738.
86. Yi, T., Mui, A. L.-F., Krystal, G. & Ihle, J. N. (1993) Hematopoietic cell phosphatase associates with the interleukin-3 (IL3) receptor β chain and down regulates IL-3 - induced tyrosine phosphorylation and mitogenesis, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 7577-7586.
87. Yetter, A., Uddin, S., Krolewski, J. J., Jiao, H., Yi, T. & Platanias, L. (1995) Association of the interferon-dependent tyrosine kinase Tyk2 with the hematopoietic cell phosphatase, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 18179-18182.
88. David, M., Chen, H. E., Goelz, S., Larner, A. C. & Neel, B. G. (1995) Differential regulation of the alpha/beta interferon-stimulated Jak/Stat pathway by the SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHPTP1, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 7050-7058.
89. Gibbs, V., Takahash, M., Aguet, M. & Chuntharapai, A. (1996) A negative regulatory region in the intracellular domain of the human interferon-a receptor, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 28710-28716.
90. Jiao, H., Berrada, K., Yang, W., Tabrizi, M., Platanias, L. C. & Yi, T. (1996) Direct association with and dephosphorylation of Jak2 kinase by the SH2-domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 6985-6992.
91. Ho, A. S., Wei, S. H., Mui, A. L., Miyajima, A. & Moore, K. W. (1995) Functional regions of the mouse interleukin-10 receptor cytoplasmic domain, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 5043-5053.
92. Akira, S., Nishio, Y., Inoue, M., Wang, X. J., Wei, S., Matsusaka, T., Yoshida, K., Sudo, T., Naruto, M. & Kishimoto, T. (1994) Molecular cloning of APRF, a novel IFN-stimulated gene factor 3p91-related transcription factor involved in the gp130-mediated signalling pathway, Cell 77, 63-71.
93. Zhong, Z., Wen, Z. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1994) Stat3: a STAT family member activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth factor and interleukin-6, Science 264, 95-98.
94. Zhong, Z., Wen, Z. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1994) Stat3 and Stat4: members of the family of signal transducers and activators of transcription, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4806-4810.
95. Jacobson, N. G., Szabo, S. J., Weber-Nordt, R. M., Zhong, Z., Schreiber, R. D., Darnell, J. E. Jr & Murphy, K. M. (1995) Interleukin 12 signalling in T helper type 1 (Th1) cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and Stat4, J. Exp. Med. 181, 1755-1762.
96. Wakao, H., Gouilleux, F. & Groner, B. (1994) Mammary gland factor (MGF) is a novel member of the cytokine regulated transcription factor gene family and confers the prolactin response, EMBO J. 13, 2182-2191.
97. Hou, J., Schindler, U., Henzel, W. J., Ho, T. C., Brasseur, M. & McKnight, S. L. (1994) An interleukin-4-induced transcription factor: IL-4 Stat, Science 265, 1701-1706.
98. Quelle, F. W., Shimoda, K., Thierfelder, W., Fischer, C., Kim, A., Ruben, S. M., Cleveland, J. L., Pierce, J. H., Keegan, A. D., Nelms, K., Paul, W. E. & Ihle, J. N. (1995) Cloning of murine Stat6 and human Stat6, Stat proteins that are tyrosine phosphorylated in responses to IL-4 and IL-3 but are not required for mitogenesis, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 3336-3343.
99. Azam, M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Kreider, B. L., Xia, M., Quelle, F., Basu, R., Saris, C., Tempst, P., Ihle, J. N. & Schindler, C. (1995) Interleukin-3 signals through multiple isoforms of Stat5, EMBO J. 14, 1402-1411.
100. Mui, A. L., Wakao, H., Harada, N., O'Farrell, A. & Miyajima, A. (1995) Interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-5 transduce signals through two forms of STAT5, J. Leukocyte Biol. 57, 799-803.
101. Ihle, J. N. (1996) Signalling by the cytokine superfamily in normal and transformed cells, Adv. Cancer Res. 68, 23-65.
102. Yan, R., Small, S., Desplan, C., Dearolf, C. R. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1996) Identification of a Stat gene that functions in Drosophila development, Cell 84, 421-430.
103. Hou, X. S., Melnick, M. B. & Perrimon, N. (1996) marelle acts downstream of the Drosophila HOP/JAK kinase and encodes a protein similar to the mammalian STATS, Cell 84, 411-419.
104. Yan, R., Qureshi, S., Zhong, Z., Wen, Z. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1995) The genomic structure of the STAT genes: multiple exons in coincident sites in Stat1 and Stat2, Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 459-463.
105. Rothman, P., Kreider, B., Azam, M., Levy, D., Wegenka, U., Eilers, A., Decker, T., Horn, F., Kashleva, H., Ihle, J., Schindler, C. (1994) Cytokines and growth factors signal through tyrosine phosphorylation of a family of related transcription factors, Immunity 1, 457-468.
106. Shuai, K., Ziemiecki, A., Wilks, A. F., Harpur, A. G., Sadowski, H. B., Gilman, M. Z. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1993) Polypeptide signalling to the nucleus through tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak and Stat proteins, Nature 366, 580-583.
107. Schaefer, T. S., Sanders, L. K. & Nathans, D. (1995) Cooperative transcriptional activity of Jun and Stat3 beta, a short form of Stats, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 9097-9101.
108. Caldenhoven, E., van Dijk, T. B., Solari, R., Armstrong, J., Raaijmakers, J. A. M., Lammers, J. W. J., Koenderman, L. & de Groot, R. P. (1996) STAT3beta, a splice variant of transcription factor STAT3, is a dominant negative regulator of transcription, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 13221-13227.
109. Lin, J. X., Mietz, J., Modi, W. S., John, S. & Leonard, W. J. (1996) Cloning of human Stat5B, Reconstitution of interleukin-2 - induced Stat5A and Stat5B DNA binding activity in COS-7 cells, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10738-10744.
110. Liu, X., Robinson, G. W., Gouilleux, F., Groner, B. & Hennighausen, L. (1995) Cloning and expression of Stat5 and an additional homologue (Stat5b) involved in prolactin signal transduction in mouse mammary tissue, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 8831-8835.
111. Kazansky, A. V., Raught, B., Lindsey, S. M., Wang, Y. F. & Rosen, J. M. (1995) Regulation of mammary gland factor/Stat5a during mammary gland development, Mol. Endocrinol. 9, 1598-1609.
112. Wang, D., Stravopodis, D., Teglund, S., Kitazawa, J. & Ihle, J. N. (1996) Naturally occurring dominant negative variants of Stat5, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 6141-6148.
113. Muller, M., Laxton, C., Briscoe, J., Schindler, C., Improta, T., Darnell, J. E. Jr, Stark, G. R. & Kerr, I. M. (1993) Complementation of a mutant cell line: central role of the 91 kDa polypeptide of ISGF3 in the interferon-alpha and -gamma signal transduction pathways, EMBO J. 12, 4221-4228.
114. Fu, X. Y. & Zhang, J. J. (1993) Transcription factor p91 interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor and mediates activation of the c-fos gene promoter, Cell 74, 1135-1145.
115. Cao, X., Tay, A., Guy, G. R. & Tan, Y. H. (1996) Activation and association of Stat3 with Src in v-Src-transformed cell lines, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 1595-1603.
116. Pallard, C., Gouilleux, F., Benit, L., Cocault, L., Souyri, M., Levy, D., Groner, B., Gisselbrecht, S. & Dusanter-Fourt, I. (1995) Thrombopoietin activates a STAT5 - like factor in hematopoietic cells, EMBO J. 14, 2847-2856.
117. Gotoh, A., Takahira, H., Mantel, C., Litz-Jackson, S., Boswell, H. S. & Broxmeyer, H. E. (1996) Steel factor induces serine phosphorylation of Stats in human growth factor-dependent myeloid cell lines, Blood 88, 138-145.
118. Chen, J., Sadowski, H. B., Kohanski, R. A. & Wang, L.-H. (1997) Stat 5 is a physiological activator of the insulin receptor, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 2295-2300.
119. Beadling, C., Guschin, D., Witthuhn, B. A., Ziemiecki, A., Ihle, J. N., Kerr, I. M. & Cantrell, D. A. (1994) Activation of JAK kinases and STAT proteins by interleukin-2 and interferon alpha, but not the T cell antigen receptor, in human T lymphocytes, EMBO J. 13, 5605-5615.
120. Karras, J. G., Huo, L., Wang, Z., Frank, D. A., Zimmet, J. M. & Rothstein, T. L. (1996) Delayed tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear expression of STAT1 following antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 57, 2299-2309.
121. Marrero, M. B., Schieffer, B., Paxton, W. G., Heerdt, L., Berk, B. C., Delafontaine, P. & Bernstein, K. E. (1995) Direct stimulation of Jak/STAT pathway by the angiotensin II AT1 receptor, Nature 375, 247-250.
122. Tsukada, J., Waterman, W. R., Koyama, Y., Webb, A. C. & Auron, P. E. (1996) A novel STAT-like factor mediates lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1 (IL-1), and IL-6 signalling and recognizes a gamma interferon activation site-like element in the IL1 B gene, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 2183-2194.
123. Campos, S. P., Wang, Y. & Baumann, H. (1996) Insulin modulates STAT3 protein activation and gene transcription in hepatic cells, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 24418-24424.
124. Daly, C. & Reich, N. (1995) Characterization of specific DNA binding factors activated by double-stranded RNA as positive regulators of interferons stimulated genes, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23739-23746.
125. Kolla, V., Lindner, D. J., Xiao, W., Borden, E. C. & Kalvakolanu, D. V. (1996) Modulation of interferon (IFN)-inducible gene expression by retinoic acid. Up-regulation of STAT1 protein in IFN-unresponsive cells, J. Biol. Chent. 271, 10508-10514.
126. Streuli, C. H., Edwards, G. M., Delcommenne, M., Whitelaw, C. B., Burdon, T. G., Schindler, C. & Watson, C. J. (1995) Stat5 as a target for regulation by extracellular matrix, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 21639-21644.
127. Yamada, Y., Kirillova, I., Peschon, J. J. & Fauston, N. (1997) Initiation of liver growth by tumor necrosis factor: deficient liver regeneration in mice lacking type I tumor necrosis factor receptor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 1441-1446.
128. Ceresa, B. P. & Pessin, J. E. (1996) Insulin stimulates the serine phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) isoform, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12121-12124.
129. Zhang, X., Blenis, J., Li, H. C., Schindler, C. & Chen-Kiang, S. (1995) Requirement of serine phosphorylation for formation of STAT-promoter complexes, Science 267, 1900-1994.
130. Ram, P. A., Park, S.-H., Choi, H. K. & Waxman, D. J. (1996) Growth hormone activation of Stat 1, Stat 3, Stat 5 in rat liver, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 5929-5940.
131. Lin, J. X., Migone, T. S., Tsang, M., Friedmann, M., Weatherbee, J. A., Zhou, L., Yamauchi, A., Bloom, E. T., Mietz, J., John, S. & Leonard, W. J. (1995) The role of shared receptor motifs and common Stat proteins in the generation of cytokine pleiotropy and redundancy by IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-13, and IL-15, Immunity 2, 331-339.
132. Meinke, A., Barahmand-Pour, F., Wohrl, S., Stoiber, D. & Decker, T. (1996) Activation of different Stat5 isoforms contributes to cell-type restricted signalling in response to interferon, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 6937-6944.
133. Improta, T., Schindler, C., Horvath, C. M., Kerr, I. M., Stark, G. R. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1994) Transcription factor ISGF-3 formation requires phosphorylated Stat91 protein, but Stat 113 protein is phosphorylated independently of Stat91 protein, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4776-4780.
134. Yan, H., Krishnan, K., Greenland, A. C., Gupta, S., Lim, J. T., Schreiber, R. D., Schindler, C. W. & Krolewski, J. J. (1996) Phosphorylated interferon-alpha receptor 1 subunit (IFNaR1) acts as a docking site tor the latent form of the 113 kDa STAT2 protein, EMBO J. 15, 1064-1074.
135. Fujii, H., Nakagawa, Y., Schindler, U., Kawahara, A., Mori, H., Gouilleux, F., Groner, B., Ihle, J. N., Minami, Y., Miyazaki, T. & Taniguchi, T. (1995) Activation of Stat5 by interleukin 2 requires a carhoxyl-terminal region of the interleukin 2 receptor beta chain but is not essential for the proliferative signal transmission, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 5482-5486.
136. Damen, J. E., Wakao, H., Miyajima, A., Krosl, J., Humphries, R. K., Cutler, R. L. & Krystal, G. (1995) Tyrosine 343 in the erythropoietin receptor positively regulates erythropoietin-induced cell proliferation and Stat5 activation, EMBO J. 14, 5557-5568.
137. Gobert, S., Chrétien, S., Gouilleux, F., Muller, O., Pallard, C., Dusanter-Fourt, I., Groner, B., Lacombe, C., Gisselbrecht, S. & Mayeux, P. (1996) Identification of tyrosine residues within the intracellular domain of the erythropoietin receptor crucial for STAT5 activation, EMBO J. 15, 2434-2441.
138. Schindler, U., Wu, P., Rothe, M., Brasseur, M. & McKnight, S. L. (1995) Components of a Stat recognition code: evidence for two layers of molecular selectivity, Immunity 2, 689-697.
139. Demoulin, J. B., Uyttenhove, C., Van Roost, E., De Lestre, B., Donckers, D., Van Snick, J. & Renauld, J. C. (1996) A single tyrosine of the interleukin-9 (IL-9) receptor is-required for STAT activation, antiapoptotic activity, and growth regulation by IL-9, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 4710-4716.
140. Gerhartz, C., Heesel, B., Sasse, J., Hemmann, U., Landgraf, C., Schneidermergener, J., Horn, F., Heinrich, P. C. & Graeve, L. (1996) Differential activation of acute phase response factor/STAT3 and STAT1 via the cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12991-12998.
141. Hemmann, U., Gerhartz, C., Heesel, B., Sasse, J., Kurapkat, G., Grotzinger, J., Wollmer, A., Zhong, Z., Darnell, J. E. Jr. Graeve, L., Heinrich, P. C. & Horn, F. (1996) Differential activation of acute phase response factor/Stat3 and Stat1 via the cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12999-13007.
142. Wang, Y. D., Wong, K. & Wood, W. I. (1995) Intracellular tyrosine residues of the human growth hormone receptor are not required for the signalling of proliferation or Jak-STAT activation, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7021-7024.
143. Caldenhoven, E., van Dijk, T., Raaijmakers, J. A., Lammers, J. W., Koenderman, L. & De Groot, R. P. (1995) Activation of the STAT3/acute phase response factor transcription factor by interleukin-5, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 25778-25784.
144. Qureshi, S. A., Leung, S., Kerr, I. M., Stark, G. R. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1996) Function of Stat2 protein in transcriptional activation by alpha interferon, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 288-293.
145. Leung, S., Qureshi, S. A., Kerr, I. M., Darnell, J. E. Jr & Stark, G. R. (1995) Role of STAT2 in the alpha interferon signalling pathway, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 1312-1317.
146. Greenlund, A. C., Morales, M. O., Viviano, B. L., Yan, H., Krolewski, J. & Schreiber, R. D. (1995) Stat recruitment by tyrosine-phosphorylated cytokine receptors: an ordered reversible affinity-driven process, Immunity 2, 677-687.
147. Quelle, F. W., Wang, D., Nosaka, T., Thierfelder, W. E., Stravopodis, D., Weinstein, Y. & Ihle, J. N. (1996) Erythropoietin induces activation of Stat5 through association with specific tyrosines on the receptor that are not required for a mitogenic response, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 1622-1631.
148. Shuai, K., Stark, G. R., Kerr, I. M. & Darnell, J. E. Jr. (1993) A single phosphotyrosine residue of Stat91 required for gene activation by interferon-gamma, Science 261, 1744-1746.
149. Mikita, T., Campbell, D., Wu, P., Williamson, K. & Schindler, U. (1996) Requirements for interleukin-4-induced gene expression and functional characterization of Stat6, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 5811-5820.
150. Heim, M. H., Kerr, I. M., Stark, G. R. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1995) Contribution of STAT SH2 groups to specific interferon signalling by the Jak-STAT pathway, Science 267, 1347-1349.
151. Shuai, K., Liao, J. & Song, M. M. (1996) Enhancement of
152. Shuai, K., Horvath, C. M., Huang, L. H., Qureshi, S. A., Cowburn, D. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1994) Interferon activation of the transcription factor Stat91 involves dimerization through SH2-phosphotyrosyl peptide interactions, Cell 76, 821-828.
153. Gouilleux, F., Pallard, C., Dusanter-Fourt, I., Wakao, H., Haldosen, L. A., Norstedt, G., Levy, D. & Groner, B. (1995) Prolactin, growth hormone, erythropoietin and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor induce MGF-Stat5 DNA binding activity, EMBO J. 14, 2005-2013.
154. Kaptein, A., Paillard & Saunders, M. (1996) Dominant negative stat3 mutant inhibits interleukin-6-induced Jak-STAT signal transduction, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 5961-5964.
155. Minami, M., Inoue, M., Wei, S., Takeda, K., Matsumoto, M., Kishimoto, T. & Akira, S. (1996) STAT3 activation is a critical step in gp130-mediated terminal differentiation and growth arrest of a myeloid cell line, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 3963-3966.
156. Yu, C. L., Meyer, D. J., Campbell, G. S., Larner, A. C., Carter-Su, C., Schwartz, J. & Jove, R. (1995) Enhanced DNA-binding activity of a Stat3 - related protein in cells transformed by the Src oncoprotein, Science 269, 81-83.
157. Zong, C., Yan, R., August, A., Darnell, J. E. Jr & Hanafusa, H. (1996) Unique signal transduction of Eyk: constitutive stimulation of the JAK-STAT pathway by an oncogenic receptor-type tyrosine kinase, EMBO J. 15, 4515-4525.
158. Danial, N. N., Pernis, A. & Rothman, P. B. (1995) Jak-STAT signalling induced by the v-abl oncogene, Science 269, 1875-1877.
159. Stancato, L. F., David, M., Carter-Su, C., Larner, A. C. & Pratt, W. B. (1996) Preassociation of STAT1 with STAT2 and STAT3 in separate signalling complexes prior to cylokine stimulation, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4134-41.37.
160. Sekimoto, T., Nakajima, K., Tachibana, T., Hirano, T. & Yoneda, Y. (1996) interferon-gamma-dependent nuclear import of Stat1 is mediated by the GTPase activity of Ran/TC4, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 31017-31020.
161. Beadling, C., Ng, J., Babbage, J. W. & Cantrell, D. A. (1996) Interleukin-2 activation of STAT5 requires the convergent action of tyrosine kinases and a serine/threonine kinase pathway distinct from the Raf1/ERK2 MAP kinase pathway, EMBO J 15, 1902-1913.
162. Li, X., Leung, S., Qureshi, S., Darnell, J. E. Jr & Stark, G. R. (1996) Formation of STAT1-STAT2 heterodimers and their role in the activation of IRF-1 gene transcription by interferon-alpha, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 5790-5794.
163. Bluyssen, H. A., Muzaffar, R., Vlieststra, R. J., Van der Made, A. C., Leung, E., Stark, G. R., Kerr, I. M., Trapman, J. & Levy, D. E. (1995) Combinatorial association and abundance of components of interferon stimulated gene factor 3 dictate the selectivity of interferon responses, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 5645-5649.
164. Harroch, S., Revel, M. & Chebath, J. (1994) Interleukin-6 signalling via tour transcription factors binding palindromic enhancers of different genes, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 26191-26195.
165. Horvath, C. M., Wen, Z. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1995) A STAT protein domain that determines DNA sequence recognition suggests a novel DNA-binding domain, Genes Dev. 9, 984-994.
166. Fukuda, T., Hibi, M., Yamanaka, Y., Takahashi-Tezuka, M., Fujitani, Y., Yamaguchi, T., Nakajima, K. & Hirano, T. (1996) Two signals are necessary for cell proliferation induced by a cytokine receptor gp130: involvement of STAT3 in anti-apoptosis, Immunity 5, 449-460.
167. Lamb, P., Seidel, H. M., Haslam, J., Milocco, L., Kessler, L. V., Stein, R. B. & Rosen, J. (1995) STAT protein complexes activated by interferon-gamma and gp130 signalling molecules differ in their sequence preferences and transcriptional induction properties, Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 3283-3289.
168. Seidel, H. M., Milocco, L. H., Lamb, P., Darnell, J. E. Jr. Stein, R. B. & Rosen, J. (1995) Spacing of palindromic half sites as a determinant of selective STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) DNA binding and transcriptional activity, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 3041-3045.
169. Kotanides, H., Moczygemba, M., White, M. F. & Reich, N. C. (1995) Characterization of the interleukin-4 nuclear activated factor/STAT and its activation independent of the insulin receptor substrate proteins, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 19481-19486.
170. Xu, X., Sun, Y. L. & Hoey, T. (1996) Cooperative DNA binding and sequence-selective recognition conferred by the STAT amino-terminal domain, Science 273, 794-797.
171. Vinkemeier, U., Cohen, S. L., Moarefi, I., Chait, B. T., Kuriyan, J. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1996) DNA binding of in vitro activated Stat1 alpha, Stat1 beta and truncated Stat1: interaction between NH2-terminal domains stabilizes binding of two dimers to tandem DNA sites, EMBO J. 15, 5616-5626.
172. Moriggl, R., Gouilleux-Gruart, V., Jahne, R., Berchtold,. S., Gartmann, C., Liu, X., Hennighausen, E., Sotiropoulos, A., Groner, B. & Gouilleux, F. (1996) Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain of MGF-Stat5 results in sustained DNA binding and a dominant negative phenotype, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 5691-5700.
173. Mui, A. E., Wakao, H., Kinoshita, T., Kitamura, T. & Miyajima, A. (1996) Suppression of interleukin-3-induced gene expression by a C-terminal truncated Stat5: role of Stat5 in proliferation, EMBO J. 15, 2425-2433.
174. Perez, C., Coeffier, E., Moreau-Gachelin, F., Wietzerbin, J. & Benech, P. (1994) Involvement of the transcription factor PU.1/Spi1 in myeloid cell-restricted expression of an interferon-inducible gene encoding the human high-affinity Fc gamma receptor, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 5023-5031.
175. John, S., Robbins, C. M. & Leonard, W. J. (1996) An IL-2 response element in the human IL-2 receptor alpha chain promoter is a composite element that binds Stat5, Elf-1, HMG-I(Y) and a GATA family protein, EMBO J. 15, 5627-5635.
176. Lécine, P., Algarté, M., Rameil, P., Beadling, C., Bucher, P., Nabholtz, M. & Imbert, J. (1996) Elf-1 and Stat5 bind to a critical element in a new enhancer of the human interleukin-2 receptor alpha gene, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 6829-6840.
177. Li, S. & Rosen, J. M. (1995) Nuclear factor I and mammary gland factor (STAT5) play a critical role in regulating rat whey acidic protein gene expression in transgenic mice, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 2063-2070.
178. Stocklin, E., Wissler, M., Gouilleux, F. & Groner, B. (1996) Functional interactions between Stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor, Nature 383, 726-728.
179. Meier, V. & Groner, B. (1994) The nuclear factor YY1 participates in repression of the b-casein gene promoter in mammary epithelial cells and is counteracted by mammary gland factor during lactogenic hormone induction, Mol Cell. Biol. 14, 128-137.
180. Look, D. C., Pelletier, M. R., Tidwell, R. M., Roswit, W. T. & Holtzman, M. J. (1995) Stat1 depends on transcriptional synergy with Sp1, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 30264-30267.
181. Kojima, H., Nakajima, K. & Hirano, T. (1996) IL-6-inducible complexes on an IL-6 response element of the junB promoter contain Stats and 36 kDa CRE-like site binding protein(s), Oncogene 12, 547-554.
182. Coffer, P., Lutticken, C., van Puijenbroek, A., Klop-de Jonge, M., Horn, F. & Kruijer, W. (1995) Transcriptional regulation of the junB promoter: analysis of STAT-mediated signal transduction, Oncogene 10, 985-994.
183. Qureshi, S. A., Salditt-Georgieff, M. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1995) Tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat1 and Stat2 plus a 48-kDa protein all contact DNA in forming interferon-stimulated-gene factor 3, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 3829-3833.
184. Horvath, C. M., Stark, G. R., Kerr, I. M. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1996) Interactions between STAT and non-STAT proteins in the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 transcription complex, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 6957-6964.
185. Bhattacharya, S., Ecnker, R., Grossman, S., Oldread, E., Arany, Z., D'Andrea, A. & Livingston, D. M. (1996) Cooperation of Stat2 and p300/CBP in signalling induced by interferon-alpha, Nature 383, 344-347.
186. Zhang, J. J., Vinkemeier, U., Gu, W., Chakravarti, D., Horvath, C. M. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1996) Two contact regions between Stat1 and CBP/p300 in interferon gamma signalling, Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 15092-15096.
187. Horvai, A., Xu, L., Korzus, K., Brard, G., Kalafus, D., Mullen, T.-M., Rose, D. & Rosenfeld, M. G., Glass, C. (1997) Nuclear integration of JAK/STAT and Ras/AP-1 signalling by CBP and p300, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 1074-1079.
188. Lutticken, C., Coffer, P., Yuan, J., Schwartz, C., Caldenhoven, E., Schindler, C., Kruijer, W., Heinrich, P. C. & Horn, F. (1995) Interleukin-6-induced serine phosphorylation of transcription factor APRF: evidence for a role in interleukin-6 target gene induction, FEBS Lett. 360, 137-143.
189. Kishimoto, T. (1994) Signal transduction through homo- or heterodimers of gp130, Stem Cells (Basel) 1, 37-44.
190. Wartmann, M., Cella, N., Hofer, P., Groner, B., Liu, X., Henninghausen, L. & Hynes, N. E. (1997) Lactogenic hormone activation of Stat5 and transcription of the beta-casein gene in mammary epithelia cells is independent of p42 ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, J. Biol. Chem. 271, 31863-31868.
191. David, M., Petricoin, E. R., Benjamin, C., Pine, R., Weber, M. J. & Larner, A. C. (1995) Requirement for MAP kinase (ERK2) activity in interferon alpha- and interferon beta-stimulated gene expression through STAT proteins, Science 269, 1721-1723.
192. Eilers, A., Georgellis, D., Klose, B., Schindler, C., Ziemiecki, A., Harpur, A. G., Wilks, A. F. & Decker, T. (1995) Differentiation-regulated serine phosphorylation of STAT1 promotes GAF activation in macrophages, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 3579-3586.
193. Wen, Z., Zhong, Z. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1995) Maximal activation of transcription by Stat1 and Stat3 requires both tyrosine and serine phosphorylation, Cell 82, 241-250.
194. Haque, S. J., Flati, V., Deb, A. & Williams, B. R. (1995) Roles of protein-tyrosine phosphatases in Stat1 alpha-mediated cell signalling, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 25709-25714.
195. Haspel, R. L., Salditt-Geirgieff, M. & Darnell, J. E. Jr (1996) The rapid inactivation of nuclear tyrosine phosphorylated Stat1 depends upon a protein tyrosine phosphatase, EMBO J. 15, 6262-6268.
196. Kim, T. K. & Maniatis, T. (1996) Regulation of interferon-gamma-activated STAT1 by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, Science 273, 1717-1719.
197. Macchi, P., Villa, A., Gillani, S., Sacco, M. G., Frattini, A., Porta, F., Ugazio, A. G., Johnston, J. A., Candotti, F., O'Shea, J. J., Vezzoni, P. & Notarangelo, L. D. (1995) Mutations of Jak-3 gene in patients with autosomal severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), Nature 377, 65-68.
198. Russell, S. M., Tayebi, N., Nakajima, H., Riedy, M. C., Roberts, J. L., Aman, M. J., Migone, T. S., Noguchi, M., Markert, M. L., Buckley, R. H., O'Shea, J. J. & Leonard, W. J. (1995) Mutation of Jak3 in a patient with SCID: essential role of Jak3 in lymphoid development, Science 270, 797-800.
199. Thomis, D. C., Gurniak, C. B., Tivol, E., Sharpe, A. H. & Berg, L. J. (1995) Defects in B lymphocyte maturation and T lymphocyte activation in mice lacking Jak3, Science 270, 794-797.
200. Nosaka, T., van Deursen, J. M. A., Witthuhn, B. A., McMickle, A. P., Doherty, P. C., Grosveld, G. C. & Ihic, J. N. (1995) Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking Jak3, Science 270, 800-802.
201. Watanabe, S., Itoh, T. & Arai, K. (1996) JAK2 is essential for activation of c-fos and c-myc promoters and cell proliferation through the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulaling factor receptor in BA/F3 cells, J. Biol. Chem. 271. 12681-12686.
202. -/-) mice. Meeting of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, October 1996, Geneva, abstract no. 522.
203. Migone, T. S., Lin, J. X., Cereseto, A., Mulloy, J. C., O'Shea, J. J., Franchini, G. & Leonard, W. J. (1995) Constitutively activated Jak-STAT pathway in T cells transformed with HTLV-I, Science 269, 79-81.
204. Campbell, G. S., Yu, C., Jove, R. & Warter-Su, C. (1997) Constitutive activation of JAK1 in src-transformed cells, J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2591-2594.
205. Shuai, K., Halpern, J., ten Hoeve, J., Rao, X. & Sawyers, C. L. (1996) Constitutive activation of STAT5 by the BCR-ABL oncogene in chronic myelogenous leukemia, Oncogene 13, 247-254.
206. Carlesso, N., Frank, D. A. & Griffin, J. D. (1996) Tyrosyl phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins in hematopoietic cell lines transformed by Bcr/Abl, J. Exp. Med. 183, 811-820.
207. Ohashi, T., Masuda, M. & Ruscetti, S. (1995) Induction of sequence-specific DNA-binding factors by erythropoietin and the spleen focus forming virus, Blood 85, 1454-1462.
208. Gouilleux-Gruart, V., Gouilleux, F., Desaint, C., Claisse, J. F., Capiod, J. C., Delobel, J., Weber-Nordt, R., Dusanter-Fourt, I., Dreyfus, F., Groner, B. & Prin, L. (1996) STAT-related transcription factors are constitutively activated in peripheral blood cells from acute leukemia patients, Blood 87, 1692-1697.
209. Zhang, Q., Nowak, I., Vonderheid, E. C., Rook, A. H., Kadin, M. H., Nowell, P. C., Shaw, L. M. & Wasik, M. A. (1996) Activation of Jak/STAT proteins involved in signal transduction pathway mediated by receptor for interleukin 2 in malignant T lymphocytes derived from cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma and Sezary syndrome, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 9148-9153.
210. Meydan, N., Grunberger, T., Dadi, H., Shahar, M., Arpaia, E., Lapidot, Z., Leeder, J. S., Freedman, M., Cohen, A., Gazit, A., Levitzki, A. & Roifman, C. M. (1996) Inhibition of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by a Jak-2 inhibitor, Nature 379, 645-648.
211. Harrison, D. A., Binari, R., Nahreini, T. S., Gilman, M. & Perrimon, N. (1995) Activation of a Drosophila Janus kinase (JAK) causes hematopoietic neoplasia and developmental defects, EMBO J. 14, 2857-2865.
212. Van, R., Luo, H., Darnell, J. E. Jr & Dearolf, C. R. (1996) A JAK-STAT pathway regulates wing vein formation in Drosophila, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 5842-5847.
213. Hou, X. S. & Perrimon, N. (1997) The JAK-STAT patway in Drosophila, Trends Genet. 13, 105-110.
214. Conway, G., Margoliath, A., Wong-Madden, S., Roberts, R. J. & Gilbert, W. (1997) Jak1 kinase is required for cell migrations and anterior specification in zebrafish embryos, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 3082-3087.
215. Yamanaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Fukada, T., Hibi, M. & Hirano, T. (1996) Differentiation and growth arrest signals are generated through the cytoplasmic region of gp130 that is essential for Stats activation, EMBO J. 15, 1557-1565.
216. Friedmann, M. C., Migone, T.-S., Russell, S. M. & Leonard, W. J. (1996) Different interleukin 2 receptor beta chain tyrosines couple to at least two signalling pathways and synergistically mediate interleukin 2-induced proliferation, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 2077-2082.
217. Goldsmith, M. A., Lai, S. Y., Xu, W., Amaral, M. C., Kuczek, E. S., Parent, L. J., Mills, G. B., Tarr, K. L., Longmore, G. D. & Greene, W. C. (1995) Growth signal transduction by the human interleukin-2 receptor requires cytoplasmic tyrosines of the beta chain and non-tyrosine residues of the gamma c chain, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 21729-21737.
218. Meraz, M. A., White, J. M., Sheehan, K. C., Bach, E. A., Rodig, S. J., Dighe, A. S., Kaplan, D. H., Riley, J. K., Greenlund, A. C., Campbell, D., Carver-Moore, K., Du Bois, R. N., Clark, R., Aguet, M. & Schreiber, R. D. (1996) Targeted disruption of the Stat1 gene in mice reveals unexpected physiologic specificity in the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, Cell 84, 431-442.
219. Durbin, J. E., Hackenmiller, R., Simon, M. C. & Levy, D. E. (1996) Targeted disruption of the mouse Stat1 gene results in compromised innate immunity to viral disease, Cell 84, 443-450.
220. Kaplan, M. H., Schindler, U., Smiley, S. T. & Grusby, M. J. (1996) Stat6 is required for mediating responses to IL-4 and for development of Th2 cells, Immunity 4, 313-319.
221. Thierfelder, W. E., van Deursen, J. M., Yamamoto, K., Tripp, R. A., Sarawar, S. R., Carson, R. T., Sangster, M. Y., Vignali, D. A., Doherty, P. C., Grosveld, G. C. & Ihle, J. N. (1996) Requirement for Stat4 in interleukin-12-mediated responses of natural killer and T cells, Nature 382, 171-174.
222. Shimoda, K., van Deursen, J., Sangster, M. Y., Sarawar, S. R., Carson, R. T., Tripp, R. A., Chu, C., Quelle, F. W., Nosaka, T., Vignali, D. A., Doherty, P. C., Grosveld, G., Paul, W. E. & Ihle, J. N. (1996) Lack of IL-4-induced Th2 response and IgE class switching in mice with disrupted Stat6 gene, Nature 380, 630-633.
223. Takeda, K., Tanaka, T., Shi, W., Matsumoto, M., Minami, M., Kashiwamura, S., Nakanishi, K., Yoshida, N., Kishimoto, T. & Akira, S. (1996) Essential role of Stat6 in IL-4 signalling, Nature 380, 627-630.
224. Liu, X., Robinson, G. W., Wagner, K.-U., Garrett, L., Wynshaw-Boris, A. & Henninghausen, L. (1997) Stat5a is mandatory for adult mammary gland development and lactogenesis, Genes Dev. 11, 179-186.
225. Tortolani, P. J., Lal, B. K., Riva, A., Johnston, J. A., Chen, Y. Q., Reaman, G. H., Beckwith, M., Longo, D., Ortaldo, J. R., Bhatia, K., McGrath, I., Kehrl, J., Tuscano, J., McVicar, D. W. & O'Shea, J. J. (1995) Regulation of JAK3 expression and activation in human B cells and B cell malignancies, J. Immun. 155, 5220-5226.
226. Musso, T., Johnston, J. A., Linnekin, D., Varesio, L., Rowe, T. K., O'Shea, J. J. & McVicar, D. W. (1995) Regulation of JAK3 expression in human monocytes: phosphorylation in response to interleukins 2, 4, and 7, J. Exp. Med. 181, 1425-1431.
227. Villa, A., Sironi, M., Macchi, P., Matteucci, C., Notarangelo, L. D., Vezzoni, P. & Mantovani, A. (1996) Monocyte function in a severe combined immunodeficient patient with a donor splice site mutation in the Jak3 gene, Blood 88, 817-823.
228. Rane, S. G. & Reddy, E. P. (1994) JAK3: a novel JAK kinase associated with terminal differentiation of hematopoietic cells, Oncogene 9, 2415-2423.