Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations: Final assessment

Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations: Final Assessment

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 1-284

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85024108107     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.17226/18724     Document Type: Book

References (496)

1. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. 2009. Identifying and selecting evidence-based interventions: Revised guidance document for the strategic prevention framework state incentive grant program. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
2. Gates, M. A., D. W. Holowka, J. J. Vasterling, T. M. Keane, B. P. Marx, and R. C. Rosen. 2012. Posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans and military personnel: Epidemiology, screening, and case recognition. Psychological Services 9:361-382.
3. Hoge, C. W., C. A. Castro, S. C. Messer, D. McGurk, D. I. Cotting, and R. L. Koffman. 2004. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine 351(1):13-22.
4. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2006. Improving the quality of health care for mental and substance-use conditions. Quality chasm series. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
5. IOM. 2008. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An assessment of the evidence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
6. IOM. 2010. Provision of mental health counseling services under TRICARE. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
7. IOM. 2013. Substance use disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
8. NRC (National Research Council). 2006. Posttraumatic stress disorder: Diagnosis and assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
9. Seal, K. H., D. Bertenthal, C. R. Miner, S. Sen, and C. Marmar. 2007. Bringing the war back home: Mental health disorders among 103,788 U.S. veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan seen at Department of Veterans Affairs facilities. Archives of Internal Medicine 167(5):476-482.
10. Smith, T. C., D. L. Wingard, M. A. Ryan, D. Kritz-Silverstein, D. J. Slymen, and J. F. Sallis. 2008. Prior assault and posttraumatic stress disorder after combat deployment. Epidemiology 19(3):505-512.
11. Tanielian, T., and L. H. Jaycox (Eds.). 2008. Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
12. VA/DoD (Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense). 2010. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of post-traumatic stress. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense.
13. Vasterling, J. J., S. P. Proctor, M. J. Friedman, C. W. Hoge, T. Heeren, L. A. King, and D. W. King. 2010. PTSD symptom increases in Iraq-deployed soldiers: Comparison with nondeployed soldiers and associations with baseline symptoms, deployment experiences, and postdeployment stress. Journal of Traumatic Stress 23(1):41-51.
14. Agorastos, A., C. R. Marmar, and C. Otte. 2011. Immediate and early behavioral interventions for the prevention of acute and posttraumatic stress disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 24(6):526-532.
15. APA (American Psychiatric Association). 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
16. Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. 2013. Mental health issue. Medical Surveillance Monthly Report 20(7):1-28.
17. Basile, K. C., I. Arias, S. Desai, and M. P. Thompson. 2004. The differential association of intimate partner physical, sexual, psychological, and stalking violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a nationally representative sample of women. Journal of Traumatic Stress 17(5):413-421.
18. Boscarino, J. A. 2008. A prospective study of PTSD and early-age heart disease mortality among Vietnam veterans: Implications for surveillance and prevention. Psychosomatic Medicine 70(6):668-676.
19. Bryant, R. A., M. L. O'Donnell, M. Creamer, A. C. McFarlane, and D. Silove. 2013. A multisite analysis of the fluctuating course of posttraumatic stress disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 70(8):839-846.
20. Calhoun, P. S., J. S. Hertzberg, A. C. Kirby, M. F. Dennis, L. P. Hair, E. A. Dedert, and J. C. Beckham. 2012. The effect of draft DSM-V criteria on posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence. Depression and Anxiety 29(12):1032-1042.
21. Cohen, B. E., C. Marmar, L. Ren, D. Bertenthal, and K. H. Seal. 2009. Association of cardiovascular risk factors with mental health diagnoses in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans using VA health care. JAMA 302(5):489-492.
22. Cohen, B. E., P. Panguluri, B. Na, and M. A. Whooley. 2010. Psychological risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease: Findings from the heart and soul study. Psychiatry Research 175(1-2):133-137.
23. Dirkzwager, A. J., P. G. van der Velden, L. Grievink, and C. J. Yzermans. 2007. Disasterrelated posttraumatic stress disorder and physical health. Psychosomatic Medicine 69(5): 435-440.
24. Dong, M., W. H. Giles, V. J. Felitti, S. R. Dube, J. E. Williams, D. P. Chapman, and R. F. Anda. 2004. Insights into causal pathways for ischemic heart disease: Adverse childhood experiences study. Circulation 110(13):1761-1766.
25. Eaton, K. M., C. W. Hoge, S. C. Messer, A. A. Whitt, O. A. Cabrera, D. McGurk, A. Cox, and C. A. Castro. 2008. Prevalence of mental health problems, treatment need, and barriers to care among primary care-seeking spouses of military service members involved in Iraq and Afghanistan deployments. Military Medicine 173(11):1051-1056.
26. Galatzer-Levy, I. R., and R. A. Bryant. 2013. 636,120 ways to have posttraumatic stress disorder. Perspectives on Psychological Science 8(6):651-662.
27. Green, B. 2013. Post-traumtic stress disorder: New directions in pharmacotherapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 19:181-190.
28. Harrison, C. A., and S. A. Kinner. 1998. Correlates of psychological distress following armed robbery. Journal of Traumatic Stress 11(4):787-798.
29. Harvard Medical School. 2007a. 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV/WMH-CIDI disorders by sex and cohort (n=9282). http://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs/ftpdir/NCS-R_12-month_Prevalence:Estimates.pdf (accessed January 10, 2011).
30. Harvard Medical School. 2007b. Lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV/CIDI disorders by sex and cohort (n=9282). http://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs/ftpdir/NCS-R_Lifetime_ Prevalence:Estimates.pdf (accessed January 10, 2011).
31. Hoge, C. W., C. A. Castro, S. C. Messer, D. McGurk, D. I. Cotting, and R. L. Koffman. 2004. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine 351(1):13-22.
32. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2013. Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
33. Kennell and Associates, Inc. 2013. DoD response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Falls Church, VA. September 12, 2013.
34. Kessler, R. C., A. Sonnega, E. Bromet, M. Hughes, and C. B. Nelson. 1995. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 52(12):1048-1060.
35. Klarić, M., T. Frančišković, E. C. Obrdalj, D. Petrić, D. Britvić, and N. Zovko. 2012. Psychiatric and health impact of primary and secondary traumatization in wives of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatria Danubina 24(3):280-286.
36. Kornfield, S. L., J. Klaus, C. McKay, A. Helstrom, and D. Oslin. 2012. Subsyndromal posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology in primary care military veterans: Treatment implications. Psychological Services 9(4):383-389.
37. Kubzansky, L. D., K. C. Koenen, A. Spiro, 3rd, P. S. Vokonas, and D. Sparrow. 2007. Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and coronary heart disease in the normative aging study. Archives of General Psychiatry 64(1):109-116.
38. Kubzansky, L. D., K. C. Koenen, C. Jones, and W. W. Eaton. 2009. A prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and coronary heart disease in women. Health Psychology 28(1):125-130.
39. Lowe, S. R., S. Galea, M. Uddin, and K. C. Koenen. 2014. Trajectories of posttraumatic stress among urban residents. American Journal of Community Psychology 53(1-2):159-172.
40. Marshall, R. D., K. L. Beebe, M. Oldham, and R. Zaninelli. 2001. Efficacy and safety of paroxetine treatment for chronic PTSD: A fixed-dose, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Psychiatry 158(12):1982-1988.
41. McLay, R. N., J. Webb-Murphy, P. Hammer, S. Volkert, and W. Klam. 2012. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity in service members returning from Iraq and Afghanistan with different types of injuries. CNS Spectrums 17(1):11-15.
42. MHAT-7 (Mental Health Advisory Team-7). 2011. Joint Mental Health Advisory Team 7 (JMHAT 7) Operation Enduring Freedom 2010. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army Medical Command, Office of the Command Surgeon General, U.S. Forces Afghanistan.
43. Monahan, P., Z. Hu, and P. Rohrbeck. 2013. Mental disorders and mental health problems among recruit trainees, U.S. armed forces, 2000-2012. Medical Surveillance Monthly Report 20(7):13-18.
44. NEPEC (Northeast Program Evaluation Center). 2013. NEPEC response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Treatment of PTSD. December 11, 2013. West Haven, CT: Department of Veterans Affairs.
45. Neria, Y., R. Gross, B. Litz, S. Maguen, B. Insel, G. Seirmarco, H. Rosenfeld, E. J. Suh, R. Kishon, J. Cook, and R. D. Marshall. 2007. Prevalence and psychological correlates of complicated grief among bereaved adults 2.5-3.5 years after September 11th attacks. Journal of Traumatic Stress 20(3):251-262.
46. NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health). 2013. Major depressive disorder among adults statistics webpage. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/statistics/1mdd_adult.shtml (accessed November 26, 2013).
47. Norman, S. B., M. B. Stein, and J. R. T. Davidson. 2007. Profiling posttraumatic functional impairment. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195(1):48-53.
48. O'Toole, B. I., and S. V. Catts. 2008. Trauma, PTSD, and physical health: An epidemiological study of Australian Vietnam veterans. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 64(1):33-40.
49. Owens, G. P., D. G. Baker, J. Kasckow, J. A. Ciesla, and S. Mohamed. 2005. Review of assessment and treatment of PTSD among elderly American armed forces veterans. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 20(12):1118-1130.
50. Pérez Benítez, C. I., C. Zlotnick, R. I. Stout, F. Lou, I. Dyck, R. Weisberg, and M. Keller. 2012. A 5-year longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care patients. Psychopathology 45(5):286-293.
51. Pietrzak, R. H., C. B. Schechterc, E. J. Bromet, C. L. Katze, D. B. Reissmanf, F. Ozbaye, V. Sharmae, M. Craneg, D. Harrison, R. Herbert, S. M. Leving, B. J. Lufti, J. M. Molinej, J. M. Stellman, I. G. Udasin, P. J. Landrigan, and S. M. Southwick. 2012. The burden of full and subsyndromal posttraumatic stress disorder among police involved in the World Trade Center rescue and recovery effort. Journal of Psychiatric Research 46(7):835-842.
52. Punamaki, R. L., S. R. Qouta, and E. El Sarraj. 2010. Nature of torture, PTSD, and somatic symptoms among political ex-prisoners. Journal of Traumatic Stress 23(4):532-536.
53. Renshaw, K. D., and C. M. Caska. 2012. Relationship distress in partners of combat veterans: The role of partners' perceptions of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behavior Therapy 43(2):416-426.
54. Renshaw, K. D., E. S. Allen, G. K. Rhoades, R. K. Blais, H. J. Markman, and S. M. Stanley. 2011. Distress in spouses of service members with symptoms of combat-related PTSD: Secondary traumatic stress or general psychological distress? Journal of Family Psychology 25(4):461-469.
55. Resnick, S. G., and R. A. Rosenheck. 2008. Posttraumatic stress disorder and employment in veterans participating in Veterans Health Administration compensated work therapy. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 45(3):427-435.
56. Roberts, A. L., S. E. Gilman, J. Breslau, N. Breslau, and K. C. Koenen. 2011. Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States. Psychological Medicine 41(1):71-83.
57. Rona, R. J., N. T. Fear, L. Hull, N. Greenberg, M. Earnshaw, M. Hotopf, and S. Wessely. 2007. Mental health consequences of overstretch in the UK armed forces: First phase of a cohort study. British Medical Journal 335(7620):603.
58. Rothbaum, B. O., M. C. Kearns, M. Price, E. Malcoun, M. Davis, K. J. Ressler, D. Lang, and D. Houry. 2012. Early intervention may prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized pilot civilian study with modified prolonged exposure. Biological Psychiatry 72(11):957-963.
59. Rytwinski, N. K., M. D. Scur, N. C. Feeny, and E. A. Youngstrom. 2013. The co-occurrence of major depressive disorder among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress 26(3):299-309.
60. Santiago, P. N., R. J. Ursano, C. L. Gray, R. S. Pynoos, D. Spiegel, R. Lewis-Fernandez, M. J. Friedman, and C. S. Fullerton. 2013. A systematic review of PTSD prevalence and trajectories in DSM-5 defined trauma exposed populations: Intentional and non-intentional traumatic events. PLoS ONE 8(4):e59236.
61. Schiffner, S. 2011. VA response to data request by the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. October 18, 2011. Washington, DC.
62. Tanielian, T., and L. H. Jaycox (Eds.). 2008. Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
63. VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2010. The national center for veterans analysis and statistics homepage. http://www.va.gov/vetdata (accessed December 12, 2012).
64. VA. 2011. The Long Journey Home XX: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). West Haven, CT: Northeast Program Evaluation Center.
65. VA. 2012. The Long Journey Home XXI: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). West Haven, CT: Northeast Program Evaluation Center.
66. VA. 2013a. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD released. http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/diagnostic_criteria_dsm-5.asp (accessed June 20, 2013).
67. VA. 2013b. Profile of veterans: 2011: Data from the american community survey. Prepared by the National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics.
68. VA. 2014. Veteran population: Quick facts. http://va.gov/vetdata/veteran_population.asp (accessed April 2, 2014).
69. VBA (Veterans Benefits Administration). 2014. VBA response to data request by the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC: VA. January 10, 2014.
70. Weiss, T., K. Skelton, J. Phifer, T. Jovanovic, C. F. Gillespie, A. Smith, G. Umpierrez, B. Bradley, and K. J. Ressler. 2011. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in an impoverished urban population. General Hospital Psychiatry 33(2):135-142.
71. Westat. 2010. National survey of veterans, active duty service members, demobilized National Guard and reserve members, family members, and surviving spouses: Final Report. Deliverable 27. Rockville, MD. October 18, 2010.
72. Zatzick, D. F., C. R. Marmar, D. S. Weiss, W. S. Browner, T. J. Metzler, J. M. Golding, A. Stewart, W. E. Schlenger, and K. B. Wells. 1997. Posttraumatic stress disorder and functioning and quality of life outcomes in a nationally representative sample of male Vietnam veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry 154(12):1690-1695.
73. Acosta, J. D., L. T. Martin, M. P. Fisher, R. Harris, and R. M. Weinick. 2012. Assessment of the content, design, and dissemination of the Real Warriors Campaign. TR-1176-OSD. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
74. APA (American Psychiatric Association). 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fourth edition-text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
75. Blakeley, K., and D. J. Jansen. 2013. Post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems in the military: Oversight issues for congress. Congressional Research Service. R43175. Washington, DC.
76. DCoE (Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury). 2012. PTSD treatment options webpage. http://www.dcoe.mil/ForHealthPros/PTSDTreatmentOptions.aspx (accessed January 14, 2013).
77. Dinneen, M. 2011. Military health system overview. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC: DoD Office of Strategic Management. February 28, 2011.
78. DoD (Department of Defense). 2011a. DoDI 6490.03-Deployment health (certified current as of September 30, 2011). Washington, DC.
79. DoD. 2011b. DoDI 6490.05-Maintenance of psychological health in military operation. Washington, DC.
80. DoD. 2013a. DoDI 6490.15-Integration of behavioral health personnel (BHP) services into patient-centered medical home (PCMH) primary care and other primary care service settings. Washington, DC.
81. DoD. 2013b. Report to Congress on the Institute of Medicine report "Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations: Initial assessment." Washington, DC: DoD, Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.
82. DoD Task Force on Mental Health. 2007. An achievable vision: Report of the Department of Defense Task Force on Mental Health. Falls Church, VA: Defense Health Board.
83. DoD/VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2011. DoD/VA Integrated Mental Health Strategy (IMHS): Strategic Action Summaries. January 3, 2011.
84. Engel, C. C., T. Oxman, C. Yamamoto, D. Gould, S. Barry, P. Stewart, K. Kroenke, J. W. Williams, and A. J. Dietrich. 2008. RESPECT-Mil-feasibility of a systems-level collaborative care approach to depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in military primary care. Military Medicine 173(10):935-940.
85. Fisher, M. 2014. Readjustment counseling services response to data request (Vet Center update) from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. VA. Washington, DC. January 9, 2014.
86. GAO (Government Accountability Office). 2005. VA health care: VA should expedite the implementation of recommendations needed to improve post-traumatic stress disorder services. GAO-05-287. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
87. GAO. 2008. VA and DoD health care: Administration of DoD's post-deployment health reassessment to National Guard and reserve servicemembers and VA's interaction with DoD. GAO-08-181R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
88. GAO. 2011a. Defense health: Management weaknesses at Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury require attention. GAO-11-219. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
89. GAO. 2011b. VA health care: VA spends millions on post-traumatic stress disorder research and incorporates research outcomes into guidelines and policy for post-traumatic stress disorder services. GAO-11-32. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
90. GAO. 2011c. VA mental health: Number of veterans receiving care, barriers faced, and efforts to increase access. GAO-12-12. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
91. GAO. 2012. Defense health: Coordinating authority needed for psychological health and traumatic brain injury activities. GAO-12-154. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
92. Jain, S., G. F. McMahon, P. Hasen, M. P. Kozub, V. Porter, R. King, and E. M. Guarneri. 2012. Healing touch with guided imagery for PTSD in returning active duty military: A randomized controlled trial. Military Medicine 177(9):1015-1021.
93. Kearney, L. K., E. P. Post, A. Zeiss, M. G. Goldstein, and M. Dundon. 2011. The role of mental and behavioral health in the application of the patient-centered medical home in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Translational Behavioral Medicine 1(4):624-628.
94. Kennell and Associates, Inc. 2013. DoD response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Falls Church, VA. September 12, 2013.
95. Klein, S. 2011. The Veterans Health Administration: Implementing patient-centered medical homes in the nation's largest integrated delivery system. Publication # 1537. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
96. Lee, C., C. Crawford, D. Wallerstedt, A. York, A. Duncan, J. Smith, M. Sprengel, R. Welton, and W. Jonas. 2012. The effectiveness of acupuncture research across components of the trauma spectrum response (TSR): A systematic review of reviews. Systematic Reviews 1(1):46.
97. Marine Corps Combat Development Command and Navy Warfare Development Command. 2010. Combat and operational stress control. Quantico, VA.
98. Meredith, L. S., C. D. Sherbourne, S. J. Sherbourne, S. J. Gaillot, L. Hansell, A. M. Parker, G. Wrenn, and H. V. Ritschard. 2011. Promoting psychological resilience in the U.S. Military. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
99. Nash, W. P. 2006. Operational Stress Control and Readiness (OSCAR): The United States Marine Corps initiative to deliver mental health services to operating forces. In Human Dimensions in Military Operations-Military Leaders' Strategies for Addressing Stress and Psychological Support. Meeting Proceedings RTO-MP-HFM-134, Paper 25. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Research and Technology Organisation. Pp. 25-1-25-10.
100. Nash, W. P. 2011. U.S. Marine Corps and Navy combat and operational stress continuum model: A tool for leaders. In Combat and Operational Behavioral Health, Textbooks of Military Medicine Series, edited by E. C. Ritchie. Washington, DC: Borden Institute.
101. Nash, W. P., and P. J. Watson. 2012. Review of VA/DoD clinical practice guideline on management of acute stress and interventions to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 49(5):637-648.
102. Naval Medical Center San Diego. 2013. Overcoming Adversity and Stress Injury Support (OASIS) program pre-/post-cumulative report: April 21, 2011 to March 31, 2013. Edited by Naval Center for Combat and Operational Stress Control (COSC).
103. NICoE (National Intrepid Center of Excellence). 2013. The National Intrepid Center of Excellence. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Bethesda, MD. November 12, 2013.
104. OMHO (Office of Mental Health Operations). 2013. Draft report: Office of mental health operations FY2012 site visits. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs. May 7, 2013.
105. O'Toole, J. C. 2012. Tri-service integrator of outpatient programming systems (TrIOPS). Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. DCoE. Silver Spring, MD. December 10, 2012.
106. Samueli Institute. 2013a. Evaluation of WAROPS® (warrior optimization systems) training program-Fort Carson, CO-July 2012. Alexandria, VA.
107. Samueli Institute. 2013b. Relaxation response (RR) training for PTSD prevention in soldiers. Alexandria, VA.
108. Schoenhard, W. 2011. Statement to the Senate Committee on Veteran's Affairs July 14, 2011. http://veterans.senate.gov/hearings.cfm?action=release.display&release_id=796c41ee-3006-4647-b461-920653c6425e (accessed April 27, 2012).
109. Tanielian, T., and L. H. Jaycox (Eds.). 2008. Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
110. TRICARE Management Activity. 2013. Evaluation of the TRICARE program: Access, cost, and quality, FY2013 report to Congress. Alexandria, VA: DoD.
111. U.S. Air Force. 2006. Air Force Instruction 44-153: Traumatic stress response. Secretary of the Air Force. September 20, 2012.
112. U.S. Air Force. 2011. Primary behavioral health care services practice manual. Lackland AFB, TX: Air Force Medical Operations Agency (AFMOA).
113. U.S. Air Force. 2012a. Air Force Instruction 10-403: Deployment planning and execution. Secretary of the Air Force.
114. U.S. Air Force. 2012b. Air Force response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. May 14, 2012.
115. U.S. Air Force. 2013. DGS-I take aways (Langley AFB). Washington, DC. November 2013.
116. U.S. Army. 2012a. Army response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. June 6, 2012.
117. U.S. Army. 2012b. Comprehensive solder fitness. http://csf.army.mil (accessed January 30, 2012).
118. U.S. Army. 2013a. Information paper: Army behavioral health service line (BHSL). Washington, DC. October 10, 2013.
119. U.S. Army. 2013b. Stand-to! Today's focus: Ready and resilient campaign: Embedded behavioral health (Edition: Tuesday, August 13, 2013). http://www.army.mil/standto/ archive_2013-08-13 (accessed October 21, 2013).
120. U.S. Navy. 2013. Navy and Marines response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. November 18, 2013.
121. VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2008. Uniform mental health services in VA medical centers and clinics. VHA Handbook 1160.01. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration.
122. VA. 2010. Programs for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). VHA Handbook 1160.03. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration.
123. VA. 2011. The Long Journey Home XX: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). West Haven, CT: Northeast Program Evaluation Center.
124. VA. 2012a. The Long Journey Home XXI: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). West Haven, CT: Northeast Program Evaluation Center.
125. VA. 2012b. Military sexual trauma. http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/military-sexualtrauma-general.asp (accessed January 30, 2012).
126. VA. 2012c. My HealtheVet-the gateway to veteran health and wellness. https://www.myhealth.va.gov/index.html (accessed January 30, 2012).
127. VA. 2013. Report on VA facility specific Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) veterans coded with potential PTSD: Cumulative from 1st quarter FY 2002 through 1st quarter FY 2013 (October 1, 2001-December 31, 2012). Washington, DC.
128. VA/DoD (Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense). 2010. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of post-traumatic stress. Washington, DC: VA and DoD.
129. Watkins, K. E., H. A. Pincus, B. Smith, S. M. Paddock, T. E. Mannle, Jr., A. Woodroffe, J. Solomon, M. E. Sorbero, C. M. Farmer, K. A. Hepner, D. M. Adamson, L. Forrest, and C. Call. 2011. Veterans Health Administration Mental Health Program Evaluation: Capstone Report. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation and Altarum Institute.
130. Weinick, R. M., E. B. Beckjord, C. M. Farmer, L. T. Martin, E. M. Gillen, J. D. Acosta, M. P. Fisher, J. Garnett, G. C. Gonzalez, T. C. Helmus, L. Jaycox, K. A. Reynolds, N. Salcedo, and D. M. Scharf. 2011. Programs addressing psychological health and traumatic brain injury among U.S. military servicemembers and their families. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
131. Wesch, J. 2011. Multimodal treatment of PTSD: The Fort Hood experience. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Killen, TX: Fort Hood. August 17, 2011.
132. Dinneen, M. 2011. Military health system overview. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC: DoD Office of Strategic Management. February 28, 2011.
133. DoD (Department of Defense). 2011a. DoDI 6490.05-Maintenance of psychological health in military operation. Washington, DC.
134. DoD. 2011b. DoDI 4120.24-Defense Standardization Program. Washington, DC. July 13, 2011.
135. DoD. 2013a. Response to Congress: First submission under section 731 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013. Washington, DC.
136. DoD. 2013b. Response to congressional defense committees: Supplemental submission under page 177 of House Report 113-102 on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. Reference ID: 1-9843BDD.
137. DoD Task Force on Mental Health. 2007. An achievable vision: Report of the Department of Defense Task Force on Mental Health. Falls Church, VA: Defense Health Board.
138. DoD/VA (Department of Veterans Affairs) Interagency Program Office. 2011. Annual report to Congress 2011. Washington, DC.
139. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2006. Improving the quality of health care for mental and substance-use conditions: Quality chasm series. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
140. IOM. 2010. Provision of mental health counseling services under TRICARE. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
141. IOM. 2013. Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
142. IOM. 2014. Preventing psychological disorders in service members and their families: An assessment of programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
143. IOM and NAE (National Academy of Engineering). 2013. Bringing a systems approach to health. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Engineering.
144. Kizer, K. 2000. The national quality forum enters the game. International Journal for Quality Health Care 12(2):85-87.
145. Kizer, K. 2001. Establishing health care performance standards in an era of consumerism. JAMA 286(10):1213-1217.
146. OMHO (Office of Mental Health Operations). 2013. VA OMHO response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. November 20, 2013.
147. U.S. Army. 2013. Information paper: Army behavioral health service line (BHSL). Washington, DC. October 10, 2013.
148. U.S. Navy. 2013. Navy and Marines response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. November 18, 2013.
149. VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2011. Strategic plan refresh FY2011-2015. Washington, DC.
150. VA. 2012. The Long Journey Home XXI: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). West Haven, CT: Northeast Program Evaluation Center.
151. Watkins, K. E., H. A. Pincus, B. Smith, S. M. Paddock, T. E. Mannle, Jr., A. Woodroffe, J. Solomon, M. E. Sorbero, C. M. Farmer, K. A. Hepner, D. M. Adamson, L. Forrest, and C. Call. 2011. Veterans Health Administration Mental Health Program Evaluation: Capstone Report. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation and Altarum Institute.
152. Woodson, J. 2013. Military treatment facility mental health clinical outcomes guidance. DoD Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Washington, DC. September 9, 2013.
153. AMSARA (Accession Medical Standards Analysis and Research Activity Preventive Medicine). 2012. Tri-service disability evaluation systems database analysis and research. Silver Spring, MD: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
154. Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. 2013. Mental health issue. Medical Surveillance Monthly Report 20(7):1-28.
155. Bilmes, L. 2007. Soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan: The long-term costs of providing veterans medical care and disability benefits. KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP07-001. Cambridge, MA: John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
156. Congressional Budget Office. 2012. The Veterans Health Administration's treatment of PTSD and traumatic brain injury among recent combat veterans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
157. DoD (Department of Defense). 2013. Response to congress: First submission under section 731 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013. Washington, DC.
158. DoD Task Force on Mental Health. 2007. An achievable vision: Report of the Department of Defense Task Force on Mental Health. Falls Church, VA: Defense Health Board.
159. Foa, E., E. Hembree, and B. O. Rothbaum. 2007. Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences: Therapist guide. Oxford University Press.
160. GAO (Government Accountability Office). 2012. Defense health coordinating authority needed for psychological health and traumatic brain injury activities: Report to the chairman and ranking member, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives. GAO-12-154. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
161. Geiling, J., J. M. Rosen, and R. D. Edwards. 2012. Medical costs of war in 2035: Long-term care challenges for veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. Military Medicine 177(11):1235-1244.
162. Goldberg, M. S. 2007. Projecting the costs to care for military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. CBO testimony before the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives. October 17, 2007.
163. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2008. Evidence-based medicine and the changing nature of health care: 2007 IOM annual meeting summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
164. IOM. 2013a. Delivering high-quality cancer care: Charting a new course for a system in crisis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
165. IOM. 2013b. Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
166. IOM. 2013c. Substance use disorders in the U.S. armed forces. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
167. IOM. 2014. Preventing psychological disorders in service members and their families: An assessment of programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
168. Kennell and Associates, Inc. 2013. DoD response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Falls Church, VA. September 12, 2013.
169. Kizer, K. W., and R. A. Dudley. 2009. Extreme makeover: Transformation of the veterans health care system. Annual Review of Public Health 30:313-339.
170. Leslie, D. L., J. Goulet, M. Skanderson, K. Mattocks, S. Haskell, and C. Brandt. 2011. VA health care utilization and costs among male and female veterans in the year after service in Afghanistan and Iraq. Military Medicine 176(3):265-269.
171. Meyers, L. L., T. Q. Strom, J. Leskela, P. Thuras, S. M. Kehle-Forbes, and K. T. Curry. 2013. Service utilization following participation in cognitive processing therapy or prolonged exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Military Medicine 178(1):95-99.
172. Middleton, A., and M. Dinneen. 2011. Achieving the quadruple aim focusing on strategic imperatives. Military Health System Conference, January 24-27, National Harbor, MD. January 24, 2011.
173. NEPEC (Northeast Program Evaluation Center). 2014. VA NEPEC response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. West Haven, CT: VA. January 7, 2014.
174. Pane, G. A., K. W. Kizer, M. H. Shiplett, and J. R. Getter. 2011. Veterans health administration fee care program: White paper. Washington, DC: National Academy of Public Administration.
175. Philpott, T. 2013. VA "outside care" being fused under two networks. Stars and Stripes. http://www.military.com/benefits/2013/09/05/va-outside-care-being-fused-under-two-networks.html (accessed September 6, 2013).
176. Tanielian, T., and L. H. Jaycox (Eds.). 2008. Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
177. TRICARE Management Activity. 2013. TRICARE behavioral health care services factsheet. Defense Health Agency. Department of Defense.
178. Tuerk, P. W., B. Wangelin, S. A. Rauch, C. E. Dismuke, M. Yoder, H. Myrick, A. Eftekhari, and R. Acierno. 2012. Health service utilization before and after evidence-based treatment for PTSD. Psychological Services 10(4):401-409.
179. U.S. Army. 2009. Comprehensive soldier fitness: Strong minds, strong bodies. www.army.mil, http://www.army.mil/article/28194 (accessed February 18, 2014).
180. VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2011. Health economics resource center: Outpatient average cost dataset for VA care: Fiscal Year 2010 update. http://www.herc.research.va.gov/methods/methods_cost_ac.asp (accessed January 5, 2104).
181. VA. 2012. The Long Journey Home XXI: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). West Haven, CT: Northeast Program Evaluation Center.
182. VA. 2013. Annual Budget Submission: FY 2014 President's Budget Request. April 10, 2013. Washington, DC: VA Office of Budget.
183. VBA (Veterans Benefits Administration). 2014. VBA response to data request (re: service connection data) from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. January 10, 2014.
184. Watkins, K. E., H. A. Pincus, B. Smith, S. M. Paddock, T. E. Mannle, Jr., A. Woodroffe, J. Solomon, M. E. Sorbero, C. M. Farmer, K. A. Hepner, D. M. Adamson, L. Forrest, and C. Call. 2011. Veterans Health Administration Mental Health Program Evaluation: Capstone Report. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation and Altarum Institute.
185. Weinick, R. M., E. B. Beckjord, C. M. Farmer, L. T. Martin, E. M. Gillen, J. D. Acosta, M. P. Fisher, J. Garnett, G. C. Gonzalez, T. C. Helmus, L. Jaycox, K. A. Reynolds, N. Salcedo, and D. M. Scharf. 2011. Programs addressing psychological health and traumatic brain injury among U.S. military servicemembers and their families. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
186. Zoroya, G. 2013. Army expanding mental health program despite research. USA Today October 7, 2013. http://www.usatoday.com/story/nation/2013/10/07/army-resilience-trainingresearch-criticism/2938069 (accessed February 18, 2014).
187. Ballenger-Browning, K. K., K. J. Schmitz, J. A. Rothacker, P. S. Hammer, J. A. Webb-Murphy, and D. C. Johnson. 2011. Predictors of burnout among military mental health care providers. Military Medicine 176(3):253-260.
188. Boscarino, J. A., S. Larson, I. Ladd, E. Hill, and S. J. Paolucci. 2010. Mental health experiences and needs among primary care providers treating OEF/OIF veterans: Preliminary findings from the Geisinger veterans initiative. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health 12(3):161.
189. CDP (Center for Deployment Psychology). 2013a. CDP news updates: Online military culture course launched. http://www.deploymentpsych.org/news/online-military-culture-courselaunched (accessed December 2, 2013).
190. CDP. 2013b. Star behavioral health providers. http://www.deploymentpsych.org/training/startraining-program (accessed December 10, 2013).
191. CDP. 2014. Learn about military culture. http://www.deploymentpsych.org/military-culture (accessed February 12, 2014).
192. Cieslak, R., V. Anderson, J. Bock, B. A. Moore, A. L. Peterson, and C. C. Benight. 2013. Secondary traumatic stress among mental health care providers working with the military: Prevalence and its work- and exposure-related correlates. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 201(11):917-925.
193. DCoE (Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury). 2013. Leadership training tool kit webpage. http://www.dcoe.mil/Training/Leadership_ Training.aspx (accessed February 18, 2014).
194. Dinneen, M. 2011. Military health system overview. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC: DoD Office of Strategic Management. February 28, 2011.
195. DoD (Department of Defense) Task Force on Mental Health. 2007. An achievable vision: Report of the Department of Defense task force on mental health. Falls Church, VA: Defense Health Board.
196. DoD, TRICARE Management Activity, and Office of the Chief Medical Officer. 2013. Section 596 (b)(8) of the FY 2010 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA): Update to the comprehensive plan on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) and disposition of substance use offenders in the armed forces. Washington, DC.
197. Fisher, M. 2014. Readjustment counseling services response to data request (Vet Center update) from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. VA. Washington, DC. January 9, 2014.
198. Foa, E. B., D. A. Yusko, C. P. McLean, M. K. Suvak, D. A. Bux, D. Oslin, C. P. O'Brien, P. Imms, D. S. Riggs, and J. Volpicelli. 2013. Concurrent naltrexone and prolonged exposure therapy for patients with comorbid alcohol dependence and PTSD: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310(5):488-495.
199. GAO (Government Accountability Office). 2010. Military personnel: Enhanced collaboration and process improvements needed for determining military treatment facility medical personnel requirements. GAO-10-696. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
200. GAO. 2013. VA mental health: Management and oversight of fee basis care need improvement. GAO-13-441. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office.
201. Garcia, H. A., C. A. McGeary, D. D. McGeary, E. P. Finley, and A. L. Peterson. 2014. Burnout in Veterans Health Administration mental health providers in posttraumatic stress clinics. Psychological Services 11(1):50-59.
202. Harris, D. M., and L. M. Marr. 2011. The psychological health risk-adjusted model for staffing (PHRAMS): Update for version 3.0. Alexandria, VA: CNA Analysis and Solutions.
203. Humana Military. 2013. TRICARE South Region 2013 provider handbook. http://www.humana-military.com/library/pdf/providerhandbook.pdf (accessed June 10, 2013).
204. Hunt, J. B., G. Curran, T. Kramer, S. Mouden, S. Ward-Jones, R. Owen, and J. Fortney. 2012. Partnership for implementation of evidence-based mental health practices in rural federally qualified health centers: Theory and methods. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 6(3):389.
205. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2010. Provision of mental health counseling services under TRICARE. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
206. IOM. 2012. Substance use disorders in the U.S. armed forces. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
207. IOM. 2013. Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families: Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
208. Karlin, B. E., J. I. Ruzek, K. M. Chard, A. Eftekhari, C. M. Monson, E. A. Hembree, P. A. Resick, and E. B. Foa. 2010. Dissemination of evidence-based psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder in the Veterans Health Administration. Journal of Traumatic Stress 23(6):663-673.
209. Kuhn, E., and J. I. Ruzek. 2013. Improving care for veterans with PTSD. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Palo Alto, CA: VA PAHCS. July 8, 2013.
210. MHAT-7 (Mental Health Advisory Team-7). 2011. Joint Mental Health Advisory Team 7 (JMHAT7) Operation Enduring Freedom 2010. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army Medical Command, Office of the Command Surgeon General, U.S. Forces Afghanistan.
211. MHAT-9. 2013. Mental Health Advisory Team 9 (MHAT 9) Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) 2013: Afghanistan. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army Medical Command, Office of the Command Surgeon Headquarters, U.S. Army Central Command, and Office of the Command Surgeon, U.S. Forces Afghanistan.
212. Military OneSource. 2013. Confidential face-to-face non-medical counseling. http://www. militaryonesource.mil/counseling?content_id=267023 (accessed October 7, 2013).
213. Munroe, J. F., J. Shay, L. Fisher, C. Makary, K. Rapperport, and R. Zimering. 1995. Preventing compassion fatigue: A team treatment model. In Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. C. R. Figley (Ed.). Brunner-Routledge. Pp. 209-231.
214. Naval Medical Center San Diego. 2013. Overcoming Adversity and Stress Injury Support (OASIS) program pre-/post-cumulative report: April 21, 2011 to March 31, 2013. Edited by Naval Center for Combat and Operational Stress Control (COSC).
215. Nieuwsma, J. A., J. E. Rhodes, G. L. Jackson, W. C. Cantrell, M. E. Lane, M. J. Bates, M. B. Dekraai, D. J. Bulling, K. Ethridge, K. D. Drescher, G. Fitchett, W. N. Tenhula, G. Milstein, R. M. Bray, and K. G. Meador. 2013. Chaplaincy and mental health in the Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy 19(1):3-21.
216. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense. 2010. Guidance for mental health care provider training for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder. http://www.dcoe.health.mil/Content/navigation/documents/signed%20guidance%20for%20mh%20training%20for%20ptsd%20and%20asd.pdf (accessed September 4, 2013).
217. OMHO (Office of Mental Health Operations). 2013a. Draft report: Office of mental health operations FY2012 site visits. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs. May 7, 2013.
218. OMHO. 2013b. VA OMHO response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. November 20, 2013.
219. Pane, G. A., K. W. Kizer, M. H. Shiplett, and J. R. Getter. 2011. Veterans health administration fee care program: White paper. Washington, DC: National Academy of Public Administration.
220. Pechacek, M. A., G. C. K. Bicknell, and L. Landry. 2011. Provider fatigue and provider resiliency training. In Combat and Operational Health. U.S. Army Medical Department, Borden Institute. Pp. 375-389.
221. Rubin, A., and E. L. Weiss. 2012. Secondary trauma in military social work. Handbook of Military Social Work 67.
222. Ruzek, J. I., R. C. Rosen, L. Marceau, M. J. Larson, D. W. Garvert, L. Smith, and A. Stoddard. 2012. Online self-administered training for post-traumatic stress disorder treatment providers: Design and methods for a randomized, prospective intervention study. Implementation Science 7(1):1-14.
223. Schohn, M. 2012. Evaluation of mental health program implementation. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC: VA OMHO. May 3, 2012 (presented in December 2012).
224. Schohn, M. 2013. Veterans Health Administration OMHO presentations on capacity, timeliness, evidence-based treatment, veteran satisfaction, and staffing model. Presentation to the Committee to Evaluate the Department of Veterans Affairs Mental Health Services. Washington, DC. VA. November 22, 2013.
225. Talbot, T. B., K. Sagae, B. John, and A. A. Rizzo. 2012. Sorting out the virtual patient: How to exploit artificial intelligence, game technology and sound educational practices to create engaging role-playing simulations. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations (IJGCMS) 4(3):1-19.
226. Thomas, K., A. Ellis, T. Konrad, C. Holzer, and J. Morrissey. 2009. County-level estimates of mental health professional shortage in the United States. Psychiatric Services 60(10): 1323-1328.
227. TRICARE Management Activity. 2013. Evaluation of the TRICARE program: Access, cost, and quality, FY2013 report to congress. Alexandria, VA: Department of Defense.
228. U.S. Air Force. 2012. Air Force response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. May 14, 2012.
229. U.S. Army. 2012. Army response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. June 6, 2012.
230. U.S. Army. 2013. Stand-to! Today's focus: Ready and resilient campaign: Embedded behavioral health (Edition: Tuesday August 13, 2013). http://www.army.mil/standto/archive_2013-08-13 (accessed October 21, 2013).
231. U.S. Navy. 2013. Navy response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. November 18, 2013.
232. VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2012a. The Long Journey Home XXI: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). West Haven, CT: Northeast Program Evaluation Center.
233. VA. 2012b. Military sexual trauma. http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/military-sexualtrauma-general.asp (accessed January 30, 2012).
234. VA. 2013a. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD released. http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/diagnostic_criteria_dsm-5.asp (accessed June 20, 2013).
235. VA. 2013b. Mental health summits webpage. http://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/summits.asp (accessed November 22, 2013).
236. VA. 2013c. Profile of Veterans: 2011: Data from the American Community Survey. Prepared by the National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics. http://www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/specialreports/profile_of_veterans_2011.pdf (accessed December 10, 2013).
237. VA. 2013d. Report on VA facility specific Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) veterans coded with potential PTSD: Cumulative from 1st quarter FY 2002 through 1st quarter FY 2013 (October 1, 2001-December 31, 2012). Washington, DC.
238. Watkins, K. E., H. A. Pincus, B. Smith, S. M. Paddock, T. E. Mannle, Jr., A. Woodroffe, J. Solomon, M. E. Sorbero, C. M. Farmer, K. A. Hepner, D. M. Adamson, L. Forrest, and C. Call. 2011. Veterans Health Administration Mental Health Program Evaluation: Capstone Report. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation and Altarum Institute.
239. Abrams, T. E., B. C. Lund, N. C. Bernardy and M. J. Friedman. 2013. Aligning clinical practice to PTSD treatment guidelines: Medication prescribing by provider type. Psychiatric Services 64(2):142-148.
240. Bernardy, N. C., B. C. Lund, B. Alexander, and M. J. Friedman. 2012. Prescribing trends in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 73(3):297-303.
241. Borah, E. V., E. C. Wright, A. Donahue, E. M. Cedillos, D. S. Riggs, W. C. Isler, and A. L. Peterson. 2013. Implementation outcomes of military provider training in cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Military Medicine 178(9):939-944.
242. Campbell, D. G., A. P. Turner, R. M. Williams, M. Hatzakis, Jr., J. D. Bowen, A. Rodriquez, and J. K. Haselkorn. 2006. Complementary and alternative medicine use in veterans with multiple sclerosis: Prevalence and demographic associations. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 43(1):99-110.
243. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. 2009. Identifying and selecting evidence-based interventions: Revised guidance document for the strategic prevention framework state incentive grant program. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
244. Chard, K. M., E. G. Ricksecker, E. T. Healy, B. E. Karlin, and P. A. Resick. 2012. Dissemination and experience with cognitive processing therapy. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 49(5):667-678.
245. Cohen, B. E., Y. Li, and M. Chesney. 2013. Use of complementary alternative medicine and conventional therapies for PTSD in a Veterans Administration population: Data from the Mind Your Heart study. Psychosomatic Medicine 75(3):A134.
246. Defense Health Board. 2011. Psychotropic medication prescription practices and use and complementary and alternative medicine use. Falls Church, VA.
247. Eftekhari, A., J. I. Ruzek, J. J. Crowley, C. S. Rosen, M. A. Greenbaum, and B. E. Karlin. 2013. Effectiveness of national implementation of prolonged exposure therapy in veterans affairs care. JAMA Psychiatry 70(9):949-955.
248. Fisher, M. 2014. Readjustment counseling services response to data request (Vet Center update) from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC: VA. January 9, 2014.
249. Foa, E. B., S. J. Gillihan, and R. A. Bryant. 2013. Challenges and successes in dissemination of evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress: Lessons learned from prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 14(2):65-111.
250. Fontana, A. and R. Rosenheck. 1997. Effectiveness and cost of the inpatient treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Comparison of three models of treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry 154(6):758-765.
251. Garfield, L. D., J. F. Scherrer, T. Chrusciel, D. Nurutdinova, P. J. Lustman, Q. Fu, and T. E. Burroughs. 2011. Factors associated with receipt of adequate antidepressant pharmacotherapy by VA patients with recurrent depression. Psychiatric Services 62(4):381-388.
252. Goertz, C., B. P. Marriott, M. D. Finch, R. M. Bray, T. V. Williams, L. L. Hourani, L. S. Hadden, H. L. Colleran, and W. B. Jonas. 2013. Military report more complementary and alternative medicine use than civilians. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 19(6):509-517.
253. Harms, P. D., M. N. Herian, D. V. Krasikova, A. Vanhove, and P. B. Lester. 2013. The Comprehensive Soldier and Family Fitness Program Evaluation, report #4: Evaluation of resilience training and mental and behavioral health outcomes. Washington, DC: Department of the Army.
254. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2000. To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
255. IOM. 2011. Finding what works in health care: Standards for systematic reviews. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
256. IOM. 2013a. Best care at lower cost: The path to continuously learning health care in America. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
257. IOM. 2013b. Delivering high-quality cancer care: Charting a new course for a system in crisis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
258. IOM. 2013c. Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
259. IOM. 2014. Preventing psychological disorders in service members and their families: An assessment of programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
260. IOM and NAE (National Academy of Engineering). 2013. Bringing a systems approach to health. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Engineering.
261. Jacobson, I. G., M. R. White, T. C. Smith, B. Smith, T. S. Wells, G. D. Gackstetter, and E. J. Boyko. 2009. Self-reported health symptoms and conditions among complementary and alternative medicine users in a large military cohort. Annals of Epidemiology 19(9):613-622.
262. Kennell and Associates, Inc. 2013. DoD response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Falls Church, VA. September 12, 2013.
263. Koffman, R. L., and J. M. Helms. 2013. Acupuncture and PTSD: "Come for the needles, stay for the therapy." Psychiatric Annals 43(5):236-239.
264. Libby, D. J., C. E. Pilver, and R. Desai. 2012. Complementary and alternative medicine in VA specialized PTSD treatment programs. Psychiatric Services 63(11):1134-1136.
265. McEachrane-Gross, F. P., J. M. Liebschutz, and D. Berlowitz. 2006. Use of selected complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments in veterans with cancer or chronic pain: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 6(1):34.
266. Micek, M. A., K. A. Bradley, C. H. Braddock, 3rd, C. Maynard, M. McDonell, and S. D. Fihn. 2007. Complementary and alternative medicine use among Veterans Affairs outpatients. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 13(2):190-193.
267. Mittal, D., C. Li, J. S. Williams, K. Viverito, R. D. Landes, and R. R. Owen. 2013. Monitoring veterans for metabolic side effects when prescribing antipsychotics. Psychiatric Services 64(1):28-35.
268. NEPEC (Northeast Program Evaluation Center). 2013. VA NEPEC response to data request. Washington, DC. December 2013.
269. OMHO (Office of Mental Health Operations). 2013a. Draft report: Office of mental health operations FY2012 site visits. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs. May 7, 2013.
270. OMHO. 2013b. VA OMHO response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. November 20, 2013.
271. O'Toole, J. C. 2012. Tri-service integrator of outpatient programming systems (TrIOPS). Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Silver Spring, MD: Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury. December 10, 2012.
272. Pritt, W. M. 2013. MGI 40-303: Behavioral health consultation service in primary care. Medical Command, Joint Base Langley-Eustis, VA.
273. Sargent, P. D., J. S. Campbell, K. E. Richter, R. N. McLay, and R. L. Koffman. 2013. Integrative medical practices for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatric Annals 43(4):181-187.
274. Schohn, M. 2012. Evaluation of mental health program implementation. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC: VA OMHO. May 3, 2012 (presented in December 2012).
275. Shiner, B., L. W. D'Avolio, T. M. Nguyen, M. H. Zayed, Y. Young-Xu, R. A. Desai, P. P. Schnurr, L. D. Fiore, and B. V. Watts. 2013. Measuring use of evidence based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 40(4):311-318.
276. Spoont, M. R., M. Murdoch, J. Hodges, and S. Nugent. 2010. Treatment receipt by veterans after a PTSD diagnosis in PTSD, mental health, or general medical clinics. Psychiatric Services 61(1):58-63.
277. Steenkamp, M. M., W. P. Nash, and B. T. Litz. 2013. Post-traumatic stress disorder: Review of the comprehensive soldier fitness program. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 44(5):507-512.
278. Tanielian, T., and L. H. Jaycox (Eds.). 2008. Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
279. U.S. Army. 2012a. Army 2020: Generating health and discipline in the force ahead of the strategic reset. Washington, DC: Department of the Army.
280. U.S. Army. 2012b. Policy guidance on the assessment and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fort Sam Houston, TX.
281. U.S. Navy. 2013. Navy response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. November 18, 2013.
282. VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2008. Uniform mental health services in VA medical centers and clinics. VHA Handbook 1160.01. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration.
283. VA. 2012a. Local implementation of evidence-based psychotherapies for mental and behavioral health conditions. VHA Handbook 1160.05. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration.
284. VA. 2012b. The Long Journey Home XXI: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). West Haven, CT: Northeast Program Evaluation Center.
285. VA/DoD (Department of Defense). 2010. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of post-traumatic stress. Washington, DC.
286. VA Office of Inspector General. 2011. Healthcare inspection: Post traumatic stress disorder counseling services at vet centers. Washington, DC.
287. Watts, B. V., P. P. Schnurr, L. Mayo, Y. Young-Xu, W. B. Weeks, and M. J. Friedman. 2013. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 74(6):e541-e550.
288. Zatzick, D., P. Roy-Byrne, J. Russo, F. Rivara, R. Droesch, A. Wagner, C. Dunn, G. Jurkovich, E. Uehara, and W. Katon. 2004. A randomized effectiveness trial of stepped collaborative care for acutely injured trauma survivors. Archives of General Psychiatry 61(5):498-506.
289. Zatzick, D., G. Jurkovich, F. P. Rivara, J. Russo, A. Wagner, J. Wang, C. Dunn, S. P. Lord, M. Petrie, S. S. O'Connor, and W. Katon. 2013. A randomized stepped care intervention trial targeting posttraumatic stress disorder for surgically hospitalized injury survivors. Annals of Surgery 257(3):390-399.
290. Back, S. E., T. K. Killeen, A. P. Teer, E. E. Hartwell, A. Federline, F. Beylotte, and E. Cox. 2014. Substance use disorders and PTSD: An exploratory study of treatment preferences among military veterans. Addictive Behaviors 39:369-373.
291. Barber, J. A., R. A. Rosenheck, M. Armstrong, and S. G. Resnick. 2008. Monitoring the dissemination of peer support in the VA health care system. Community Mental Health Journal 44:433-441.
292. Batten, S. V., A. L. Drapalski, M. L. Decker, J. C. DeViva, L. J. Morris, M. A. Mann, and L. B. Dixon. 2009. Veteran interest in family involvement in PTSD treatment. Psychological Services 6(3):184-189.
293. Bean-Mayberry, B., E. M. Yano, D. L. Washington, C. Goldzweig, F. Batuman, C. Huang, I. Miake-Lye, and P. G. Shekelle. 2011. Systematic review of women veterans' health: Update on successes and gaps. Women's Health Issues: Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health 21(4):S84-S97.
294. Besterman-Dahan, K., S. W. Gibbons, S. D. Barnett, and E. J. Hickling. 2012. The role of military chaplains in mental health care of the deployed service member. Military Medicine 177(9):1028-1033.
295. Brooks, E., D. K. Novins, D. Thomas, L. Jiang, H. T. Nagamoto, N. Dailey, B. Bair, and J. H. Shore. 2012. Personal characteristics affecting veterans' use of services for posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatric Services 63(9):862-867.
296. Brown, M. C., A. H. Creel, C. C. Engel, R. K. Herrell, and C. W. Hoge. 2011. Factors associated with interest in receiving help for mental health problems in combat veterans returning from deployment to Iraq. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 199(10):797-801.
297. Carter, M. M., F. E. Mitchell, and T. Sbrocco. 2012. Treating ethnic minority adults with anxiety disorders: Current status and future recommendations. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 26(4):488-501.
298. Chard, K. M., J. A. Schumm, G. P. Owens, and S. M. Cottingham. 2010. A comparison of OEF and OIF veterans and Vietnam veterans receiving cognitive processing therapy. Journal of Traumatic Stress 23(1):25-32.
299. Chen, J. A., S. M. Keller, L. A. Zoellner, and N. C. Feeny. 2013. "How will it help me?": Reasons underlying treatment preferences between sertraline and prolonged exposure in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 201(8):691-697.
300. Corrigan, P. 2004. How stigma interferes with mental health care. American Psychologist 59(7):614-625.
301. Cosgrove, D. M., M. Fisher, P. Gabow, G. Gottlieb, G. C. Halvorson, B. C. James, G. S. Kaplan, J. B. Perlin, R. Petzel, G. D. Steele, and J. S. Toussaint. 2013. Ten strategies to lower costs, improve quality, and engage patients: The view from leading health system CEOs. Health Affairs 32(2):321-327.
302. Davidson, L., M. Chinman, D. Sells, and M. Rowe. 2006. Peer support among adults with serious mental illness: A report from the field. Schizophrenia Bulletin 32(3):443-450.
303. Davis, L. L., A. C. Leon, R. Toscano, C. E. Drebing, L. C. Ward, P. E. Parker, T. M. Kashner, and R. E. Drake. 2012. A randomized controlled trial of supported employment among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatric Services 63(5):464-470.
304. Davison, J. 2013. DoD/VA integrated mental health strategy (IMHS). Presentation at meeting of the Defense Health Board. August 19, 2013.
305. DCoE (Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury). 2011. Best practices identified for peer support programs. Silver Spring, MD.
306. Delbanco, T. L. 1992. Enriching the doctor-patient relationship by inviting the patient's perspective. Annals of Internal Medicine 116(5):414-418.
307. DoD (Department of Defense). 2011. DoDI 6490.08-Command notification requirements to dispel stigma in providing mental health care to service members. Washington, DC.
308. DoD. 2013a. DoDI 6490.15 Integration of behavioral health personnel (BHP) services into patient-centered medical home (PCMH) primary care and other primary care service settings. Washington, DC.
309. DoD. 2013b. Report to Congress on the Institute of Medicine report "Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations: Initial assessment." Washington, DC: Department of Defense, Undersecretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.
310. DoD, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Health and Human Services. 2013. Interagency task force on military and veterans mental health-2013 interim report. Washington, DC.
311. DoD Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense. 2010. Health affairs policy 10-001: Department of Defense inTransition program. Washington, DC.
312. Elbogen, E. B., H. R. Wagner, S. C. Johnson, P. Kinneer, H. Kang, J. J. Vasterling, C. Timko, and J. C. Beckham. 2013. Are Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using mental health services? New data from a national random-sample survey. Psychiatric Services 64(2):134-141.
313. Fisher, M. 2014. Readjustment counseling services response to data request (Vet Center update) from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC: VA. January 9, 2014.
314. Gerteis, M., S. Edgman-Levitan, J. Daley, and T. L. Delbanco (Eds.). 1993. Through the patient's eyes: Understanding and promoting patient-centered care. 1st edition. Sponsored by the Picker/Commonwealth Program for Patient-Centered Care. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
315. Goldzweig, C. L., T. M. Balekian, C. Rolón, E. M. Yano, and P. G. Shekelle. 2006. The state of women veterans' health research: Results of a systematic literature review. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21(Suppl. 3):S82-S92.
316. GAO (Government Accountability Office). 2012. Military disability system: Improved monitoring needed to better track and manage performance. GAO-12-676. Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office.
317. GAO. 2013. Defense health care: TRICARE multiyear surveys indicate problems with access to care for nonenrolled beneficiaries. GAO-13-364. Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office.
318. Harpaz-Rotem, I. and R. A. Rosenheck. 2011. Serving those who served: Retention of newly returning veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan in mental health treatment. Psychiatric Services 62(1):22-27.
319. Hoge, C. W., C. A. Castro, S. C. Messer, D. McGurk, D. I. Cotting, and R. L. Koffman. 2004. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. New England Journal of Medicine 351(1):13-22.
320. Hoge, C. W., J. L. Auchterlonie, and C. S. Milliken. 2006. Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. JAMA 295(9):1023-1032.
321. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1993. Access to health care in America. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
322. IOM. 2013. Returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of readjustment needs of veterans, service members, and their families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
323. Kang, H., N. Dalager, C. Mahan, and E. Ishii. 2005. The role of sexual assault on the risk of PTSD among Gulf War veterans. Annals of Epidemiology 15(3):191-195.
324. Khaylis, A., M. A. Polusny, C. R. Erbes, A. Gewirtz, and M. Rath. 2011. Posttraumatic stress, family adjustment, and treatment preferences among National Guard soldiers deployed to OEF/OIF. Military Medicine 176(2):126-131.
325. Laine, C., and F. Davidoff. 1996. Patient-centered medicine: A professional evolution. JAMA 275(2):152-156.
326. MacDermid Wadsworth, S., P. Lester, C. Marini, S. Cozza, J. Sornborger, T. Strouse, and W. Beardslee. 2013. Approaching family-focused systems of care for military and veteran families. Military Behavioral Health 1(1):31-40.
327. Maguen, S., E. Madden, B. E. Cohen, D. Bertenthal, and K. H. Seal. 2012. Time to treatment among veterans of conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan with psychiatric diagnoses. Psychiatric Services 63(12):1206-1212.
328. Manson, S. 1996. The wounded spirit: A cultural formulation of post-traumatic stress disorder. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 20(4):489-498.
329. McCutcheon, S. 2013. VHA services for veterans who experienced military sexual trauma (MST). Presentation to the IOM Board on the Health of Select Populations. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration, Office of Patient Care Services. December 17, 2013.
330. Melvin, K. C., D. Gross, M. J. Hayat, B. M. Jennings, and J. C. Campbell. 2012. Couple functioning and post-traumatic stress symptoms in U.S. Army couples: The role of resilience. Research in Nursing and Health 35(2):164-177.
331. MHAT-7 (Mental Health Advisory Team-7). 2011. Joint Mental Health Advisory Team 7 (JMHAT 7) Operation Enduring Freedom 2010. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army Medical Command, Office of the Command Surgeon General, U.S. Forces Afghanistan.
332. MHAT-9. 2013. Mental Health Advisory Team 9 (MHAT 9) Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) 2013: Afghanistan. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army Medical Command, Office of the Command Surgeon Headquarters, U.S. Army Central Command, and Office of the Command Surgeon, U.S. Forces Afghanistan.
333. Momen, N., C. P. Strychacz, and E. Viirre. 2012. Perceived stigma and barriers to mental health care in marines attending the combat operational stress control program. Military Medicine 177(10):1143-1148.
334. New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. 2003. Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America-final report. Rockville, MD.
335. Nieuwsma, J. A., J. E. Rhodes, G. L. Jackson, W. C. Cantrell, M. E. Lane, M. J. Bates, M. B. Dekraai, D. J. Bulling, K. Ethridge, K. D. Drescher, G. Fitchett, W. N. Tenhula, G. Milstein, R. M. Bray, and K. G. Meador. 2013. Chaplaincy and mental health in the Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy 19(1):3-21.
336. Office of Interagency Health Affairs. 2013. Organizational structure for continuum of care and seamless transition: OST history. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration. July 2013.
337. Oishi, S. M., D. E. Rose, D. L. Washington, C. MacGregor, B. Bean-Mayberry, and E. M. Yano. 2011. National variations in VA mental health care for women veterans. Women's Health Issues 21(4):S130-S137.
338. OMHO (Office of Mental Health Operations). 2013a. Draft report: Office of mental health operations FY2012 site visits. Department of Veterans Affairs. May 7, 2013.
339. OMHO. 2013b. VA OMHO response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Washington, DC. November 20, 2013.
340. O'Toole, J. C. 2012. Tri-service integrator of outpatient programming systems (TrIOPS). Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. Silver Spring, MD: Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury. December 10, 2012.
341. Pole, N., T. C. Neylan, C. Otte, C. Henn-Hasse, T. J. Metzler, and C. R. Marmar. 2009. Prospective prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms using fear potentiated auditory startle responses. Biological Psychiatry 65(3):235-240.
342. Pruitt, L. D., L. A. Zoellner, N. C. Feeny, D. Caldwell, and R. Hanson. 2012. The effects of positive patient testimonials on PTSD treatment choice. Behaviour Research and Therapy 50(12):805-813.
343. Rosen, C., E. Adler, and Q. Tiet. 2013. Presenting concerns of veterans entering treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress 26:640-643.
344. SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). 2011a. Consumeroperated services: Evidence-based practices (EBP) toolkit. HHS Pub. No. SMA-11-4633. Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
345. SAMHSA. 2011b. Consumer-operated services: The evidence. Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
346. Sherman, M. D., D. A. Perlick, and K. Straits-Tröster. 2012. Adapting the multifamily group model for treating veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Services 9(4):349.
347. Sherrard, D. 2013. VA hiring more than 800 veterans (April 22, 2013). http://www.blogs.va.gov/vacareers/762/featured-story-va-to-hire-over-800-veterans (accessed February 18, 2014).
348. Shiner, B., R. E. Drake, B. V. Watts, R. A. Desai, and P. P. Schnurr. 2012. Access to VA services for returning veterans with PTSD. Military Medicine 177(7):814-822.
349. Shore, J. H., E. Brooks, H. Anderson, B. Bair, N. Dailey, L. J. Kaufmann, and S. Manson. 2012. Characteristics of telemental health service use by American indian veterans. Psychiatric Services 63(2):179-181.
350. Sloan, D. M., M. W. Gallagher, B. A. Feinstein, D. J. Lee, and G. M. Pruneau. 2011. Efficacy of telehealth treatments for posttraumatic stress-related symptoms: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 40(2):111-125.
351. Smith, T. C., D. L. Wingard, M. A. Ryan, D. Kritz-Silverstein, D. J. Slymen, and J. F. Sallis. 2008. Prior assault and posttraumatic stress disorder after combat deployment. Epidemiology 19(3):505-512.
352. Stecker, T., B. Shiner, B. V. Watts, M. Jones, and K. R. Conner. 2013. Treatment-seeking barriers for veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts who screen positive for PTSD. Psychiatric Services 64(3):280-283.
353. Street, A. E., J. Stafford, C. M. Mahan, and A. Hendricks. 2008. Sexual harassment and assault experienced by reservists during military service: Prevalence and health correlates. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 45(3):409-419.
354. Tanielian, T., and L. H. Jaycox (Eds.). 2008. Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
355. TRICARE Management Activity. 2013. Evaluation of the TRICARE program: Access, cost, and quality, FY 2013 report to Congress. Alexandria, VA: Department of Defense.
356. VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2008. Uniform mental health services in VA medical centers and clinics. VHA Handbook 1160.01. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration.
357. VA. 2012a. The Long Journey Home XXI: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). West Haven, CT: Northeast Program Evaluation Center.
358. VA. 2012b. Report to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs on the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine report. Washington, DC.
359. VA. 2013. Mobile app: PTSD Coach webpage. http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/materials/apps/PTSDCoach.asp (accessed December 16, 2013).
360. VA/DoD. 2010. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of post-traumatic stress. Washington, DC.
361. VA Office of Inspector General. 2012. Review of veterans' access to mental health care. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs.
362. Watkins, K. E., H. A. Pincus, B. Smith, S. M. Paddock, T. E. Mannle, Jr., A. Woodroffe, J. Solomon, M. E. Sorbero, C. M. Farmer, K. A. Hepner, D. M. Adamson, L. Forrest, and C. Call. 2011. Program evaluation of VHA mental health services: Capstone report. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation and Altarum Institute.
363. Wong, E. C., T. L. Schell, L. H. Jaycox, G. N. Marshall, T. Tanielian, and J. N. Miles. 2013. Mental health treatment experiences of U.S. service members previously deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. Psychiatric Services 64(3):277-279.
364. Zatzick, D. F., S.-M. Kang, W. L. Hinton, R. H. Kelly, D. M. Hilty, C. E. Franz, L. Le, and R. L. Kravitz. 2001. Posttraumatic concerns: A patient-centered approach to outcome assessment after traumatic physical injury. Medical Care 39(4):327-339.
365. Admon, R., M. R.Milad, and T. Hendler. 2013. A causal model of post-traumatic stress disorder: Disentangling predisposed from acquired neural abnormalities. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17(7):337-347.
366. Albright, G., R. Goldman, K. M. Shockley, F. McDevitt, and S. Akabas. 2012. Using an avatar-based simulation to train families to motivate veterans with post-deployment stress to seek help at the VA. Games for Health: Research, Development, and Clinical Applications 1(1):21-28.
367. Almli, L. M., N. Fani, A. K. Smith, and K. J. Ressler. 2014. Genetic approaches to understanding post-traumatic stress disorder. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 17(2):355-370.
368. Andero, R., and K. J. Ressler. 2012. Fear extinction and BDNF: Translating animal models of PTSD to the clinic. Genes, Brain and Behavior 11(5):503-12.
369. APA (American Psychiatric Association). 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
370. Backhaus, A., Z. Agha, M. L. Maglione, A. Repp, B. Ross, D. Zuest, N. M. Rice-Thorp, J. Lohr, and S. R. Thorp. 2012. Videoconferencing psychotherapy: A systematic review. Psychological Services 9(2):111-131.
371. Becker, C. B., C. Zayfert, and E. Anderson. 2004. A survey of psychologists' attitudes towards and utilization of exposure therapy for PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy 42(3):277-292.
372. Beidel, D. C., B. C. Frueh, T. W. Uhde, N. Wong, and J. M. Mentrikoski. 2011. Multicomponent behavioral treatment for chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 25(2):224-231.
373. Biehn, T. L., A. Contractor, J. D. Elhai, M. Tamburrino, T. H. Fine, M. R. Prescott, E. Shirley, P. K. Chan, R. Slembarski, I. Liberzon, J. R. Calabrese, and S. Galea. 2013. Relations between the underlying dimensions of PTSD and major depression using an epidemiological survey of deployed Ohio National Guard soldiers. Journal of Affective Disorders 144(1-2):106-111.
374. Bisson, J. I., N. P. Roberts, M. Andrew, R. Cooper, and C. Lewis. 2013. Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 12:CD003388.
375. Brady, K. T., L. F. Haynes, K. J. Hartwell, and T. K. Killeen. 2013. Substance use disorders and anxiety: A treatment challenge for social workers. Social Work in Public Health 28(3-4):407-423.
376. Breslau, N., R. C. Kessler, H. D. Chilcoat, L. R. Schultz, G. C. Davis, and P. Andreski. 1998. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: The 1996 Detroit area survey of trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry 55(7):626-632.
377. Brown, P. J., and J. Wolfe. 1994. Substance abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 35(1):51-59.
378. Burnet, P. W., and P. J. Cowen. 2013. Psychobiotics highlight the pathways to happiness. Biological Psychiatry 74(10):708-709.
379. Cahill, L. 1997. The neurobiology of emotionally influenced memory: Implications for understanding traumatic memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 821:238-246.
380. Castro, C., T. Gleason, F. Tuma, and E. Reider. 2013. Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, National Institutes of Health Joint Integrated Strategic Review and Analysis and Future Planning. Psychological Health Portfolio. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of PTSD. January 10, 2013.
381. Charney, D. S. 2003. Neuroanatomical circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum (417):38-50.
382. Curran, G. M., M. Bauer, B. Mittman, J. M. Pyne, and C. Stetler. 2012. Effectiveness-implementation hybrid designs: Combining elements of clinical effectiveness and implementation research to enhance public health impact. Medical Care 50(3):217-226.
383. de Kleine, R. A., G. J. Hendriks, W. J. Kusters, T. G. Broekman, and A. van Minnen. 2012. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine to enhance exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry 71(11):962-968.
384. DHP (Defense Health Program) and VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2011. Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury. Portfolio Review and Analysis Report. November 30-December 1, 2011. Fort Detrick, Maryland.
385. Difede, J., and H. G. Hoffman. 2002. Virtual reality exposure therapy for World Trade Center post-traumatic stress disorder: A case report. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 5(6):529-535.
386. Difede, J., J. Cukor, N. Jayasinghe, I. Patt, S. Jedel, L. Spielman, C. Giosan, and H. G. Hoffman. 2007. Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following September 11, 2001. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 68(11):1639-1647.
387. Difede, J., J. Cukor, K. Wyka, M. Olden, H. Hoffman, F. S. Lee, and M. Altemus. 2013. D-cycloserine augmentation of exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 39(5):1052-1058.
388. Dinan, T. G., C. Stanton, and J. F. Cryan. 2013. Psychobiotics: A novel class of psychotropic. Biological Psychiatry 74(10):720-726.
389. DoD (Department of Defense), VA (Department of Veterans Affairs), HHS (Department of Health and Human Services, and DoE (Department of Education). 2013. National Research Action Plan: Responding to the Executive Order Improving Access to Mental Health Services for Veterans, Service Members, and Military Families (August 31, 2012). http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/nrap_for_eo_on_mental_health_august_2013.pdf (accessed September 4, 2013).
390. Dunsmoor, J. E., S. E. Prince, V. P. Murty, P. A. Kragel, and K. S. LaBar. 2011. Neurobehavioral mechanisms of human fear generalization. Neuroimage 55(4):1878-888.
391. Feodorova, Y. N., and V. S. Sarafian. 2012. Psychological stress-Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 54(3):5-13.
392. Foa, E. B., E. A. Hembree, and B. O. Rothbaum. 2007. Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences: Therapist guide. New York: Oxford University Press.
393. Foa, E. B., D. A. Yusko, C. P. McLean, M. K. Suvak, D. A. Bux, Jr., D. Oslin, C. P. O'Brien, P. Imms, D. S. Riggs, and J. Volpicelli. 2013. Concurrent naltrexone and prolonged exposure therapy for patients with comorbid alcohol dependence and PTSD: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310(5):488-495.
394. Fredman, S. J., C. M. Monson, and K. C. Adair. 2011. Implementing cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD with the newest generation of veterans and their partners. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 18(1):120-130.
395. Garakani, A., S. J. Mathew, and D. S. Charney. 2006. Neurobiology of anxiety disorders and implications for treatment. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 73(7):941-949.
396. Gerardi, M., B. O. Rothbaum, K. Ressler, M. Heekin, and A. Rizzo. 2008. Virtual reality exposure therapy using a virtual Iraq: Case report. Journal of Traumatic Stress 21(2):209-213.
397. Glasgow, R. E., D. Kurz, J. M. Dickman, D. Osuna, L. Strycker, and D. K. King. 2012. Linking Internet-based diabetes self-management to primary care: Lessons learned and implications for research translation and practice implementation. Translational Behavioral Medicine 2(3):313-321.
398. Gleason, T. 2012. Presentation to the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Research and Development. December 2, 2012.
399. Gleason, T. 2013. VA Office of Research and Development response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Washington, DC. December 20, 2013.
400. Goldmann, E., J. R. Calabrese, M. R. Prescott, M. Tamburrino, I. Liberzon, R. Slembarski, E. Shirley, T. Fine, T. Goto, K. Wilson, S. Ganocy, P. Chan, M. B. Serrano, J. Sizemore, and S. Galea. 2012. Potentially modifiable pre-, peri-, and postdeployment characteristics associated with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder among Ohio Army National Guard soldiers. Annals of Epidemiology 22(2):71-78.
401. Goodwin, R. D., M. Prescott, M. Tamburrino, J. R. Calabrese, I. Liberzon, and S. Galea. 2013a. Smoking is a predictor of depression onset among National Guard soldiers. Psychiatry Research 206(2-3):321-323.
402. Goodwin, R. D., M. R. Prescott, M. Tamburrino, J. R. Calabrese, I. Liberzon, and S. Galea. 2013b. Cigarette smoking and subsequent risk of suicidal ideation among National Guard soldiers. Journal of Affective Disorders 145(1):111-114.
403. Gunduz-Cinar, O., M. N. Hill, B. S. McEwen, and A. Holmes. 2013. Amygdala FAAH and anandamide: Mediating protection and recovery from stress. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 34(11):637-644.
404. Hammack, S. E., M. A. Cooper, and K. R. Lezak. 2012. Overlapping neurobiology of learned helplessness and conditioned defeat: Implications for PTSD and mood disorders. Neuropharmacology 62(2):565-575.
405. Hartley, C. A., and Phelps, E.A. 2010. Changing fear: The neurocircuitry of emotion regulation. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:136-146.
406. Hauger, R. L., J. A. Olivares-Reyes, F. M. Dautzenberg, J. B. Lohr, S. Braun, and R. H. Oakley. 2012. Molecular and cell signaling targets for PTSD pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. Neuropharmacology 62(2):705-714.
407. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2008. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An assessment of the evidence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
408. IOM. 2012. Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations: Initial assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
409. IOM. 2014. Preventing psychological disorders in service members and their families: An assessment of programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
410. Jacobsen, L. K., S. M. Southwick, and T. R. Kosten. 2001. Substance use disorders in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of the literature. American Journal of Psychiatry 158(8):1184-1190.
411. Johansen, J. P., C. K. Cain, L. E. Ostroff, and J. E. LeDoux. 2011. Molecular mechanisms of fear learning and memory. Cell 147(3):509-524.
412. Jones, M. D., J. R. Etherage, S. C. Harmon, and J. C. Okiishi. 2012. Acceptability and cost-effectiveness of military telehealth mental health screening. Psychological Services 9(2):132-143.
413. Kaplan, G. B., J. J. Vasterling, and P. C. Vedak. 2010. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, and their comorbid conditions: Role in pathogenesis and treatment. Behavioural Pharmacology 21(5-6):427-437.
414. Karsen, E. F., B. V. Watts, and P. E. Holtzheimer. 2014. Review of the effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Stimulation 7(2):151-157.
415. Kaufman, J., and D. Charney. 2000. Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety 12(Suppl 1):69-76.
416. Kaysen, D., J. Schumm, E. R. Pedersen, R. W. Seim, M. Bedard-Gilligan, and K. Chard. 2014. Cognitive processing therapy for veterans with comorbid PTSD and alcohol use disorders. Addictive Behaviors 39(2):420-427.
417. Khoury, M. J., M. Gwinn, P. W. Yoon, N. Dowling, C. A. Moore, and L. Bradley. 2007. The continuum of translation research in genomic medicine: How can we accelerate the appropriate integration of human genome discoveries into health care and disease prevention? Genetics in Medicine 9(10):665-674.
418. Kim, J. J., and M. W. Jung. 2006. Neural circuits and mechanisms involved in Pavlovian fear conditioning: A critical review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 30(2):188-202.
419. Kinrys, G., and L. E. Wygant. 2005. Anxiety disorders in women: Does gender matter to treatment? Revista Brasileira Psiquiatria 27(Suppl 2):S43-S50.
420. Koenen, K. C., L. E. Duncan, I. Liberzon, and K. J. Ressler. 2013. From candidate genes to genome-wide association: The challenges and promise of posttraumatic stress disorder genetic studies. Biological Psychiatry 74(9):634-636.
421. Kok, B. C., R. K. Herrell, J. L. Thomas, and C. W. Hoge. 2012. Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with combat service in Iraq or Afghanistan: Reconciling prevalence differences between studies. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 200(5):444-450.
422. Kremen, W. S., K. C. Koenen, N. Afari, and M. J. Lyons. 2012. Twin studies of posttraumatic stress disorder: Differentiating vulnerability factors from sequelae. Neuropharmacology 62(2):647-653.
423. Lanius, R. A., R. L. Bluhm, and P. A. Frewen. 2011. How understanding the neurobiology of complex post-traumatic stress disorder can inform clinical practice: A social cognitive and affective neuroscience approach. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 124(5):331-348.
424. LeardMann, C. A., T. M. Powell, T. C. Smith, M. R. Bell, B. Smith, E. J. Boyko, T. I. Hooper, G. D. Gackstetter, M. Ghamsary, and C. W. Hoge. 2013. Risk factors associated with suicide in current and former U.S. military personnel. JAMA 310(5):496-506.
425. Lebron-Milad, K., and M. R. Milad. 2012. Sex differences, gonadal hormones and the fear extinction network: Implications for anxiety disorders. Biology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders 2(1):3.
426. Lee, D. A., P. Scragg, and S. Turner. 2001. The role of shame and guilt in traumatic events: A clinical model of shame-based and guilt-based PTSD. British Journal of Medical Psychology 74(Pt 4):451-466.
427. Lissek, S. 2012. Toward an account of clinical anxiety predicated on basic, neurally mapped mechanisms of Pavlovian fear-learning: The case for conditioned overgeneralization. Depression and Anxiety 29(4):257-263.
428. Litz, B. T., K. Salters-Pedneault, M. M. Steenkamp, J. A. Hermos, R. A. Bryant, M. W. Otto, and S. G. Hofmann. 2012. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine and exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research 46(9):1184-1190.
429. Luethi, M., B. Meier, and C. Sandi. 2009. Stress effects on working memory, explicit memory, and implicit memory for neutral and emotional stimuli in healthy men. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2:5.
430. Lutz, B. 2007. The endocannabinoid system and extinction learning. Molecular Neurobiology 36(1):92-101.
431. Maren, S. 2001. Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Annual Review of Neuroscience 24:897-931.
432. Marshall, B. D., M. R. Prescott, I. Liberzon, M. B. Tamburrino, J. R. Calabrese, and S. Galea. 2012. Coincident posttraumatic stress disorder and depression predict alcohol abuse during and after deployment among Army National Guard soldiers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 124(3):193-199.
433. Marshall, B. D., M. R. Prescott, I. Liberzon, M. B. Tamburrino, J. R. Calabrese, and S. Galea. 2013. Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and HIV risk behavior among Ohio Army National Guard soldiers. Journal of Traumatic Stress 26(1):64-70.
434. Martin, E. I., K. J. Ressler, E. Binder, C. B. Nemeroff. 2009. The neurobiology of anxiety disorders: Brain imaging, genetics, and psychoneuroendocrinology. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 32(3):549-575.
435. McLay, R. N., D. P. Wood, J. A. Webb-Murphy, J. L. Spira, M. D. Wiederhold, J. M. Pyne, and B. K. Wiederhold. 2011. A randomized, controlled trial of virtual reality-graded exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in active duty service members with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 14(4):223-229.
436. McTeague, L. M., and P. J. Lang. 2012. The anxiety spectrum and the reflex physiology of defense: From circumscribed fear to broad distress. Depression and Anxiety 29(4):264-281.
437. Mehta, D., and E. B. Binder. 2012. Gene × environment vulnerability factors for PTSD: The HPA-axis. Neuropharmacology 62(2):654-662.
438. Meis, L. A., R. A. Barry, S. M. Kehle, C. R. Erbes, and M. A. Polusny. 2010. Relationship adjustment, PTSD symptoms, and treatment utilization among coupled National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq. Journal of Family Psychology 24(5):560-567.
439. Meis, L., J. Griffin, N. Greer, A. Jensen, M. Carlyle, R. MacDonald, I. Rutks, and T. J. Wilt. 2012. Family involved psychosocial treatments for adult mental health conditions: A review of the evidence. VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program Reports. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs. February.
440. Meis, L. A., K. W. Schaaf, C. R. Erbes, M. A. Polusny, L. R. Miron, T. M. Schmitz, and S. M. Nugent. 2013. Interest in partner-involved services among veterans seeking mental health care from a VA PTSD clinic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 5(4):334.
441. Milad, M. R., and G. J. Quirk. 2012. Fear extinction as a model for translational neuroscience: Ten years of progress. Annual Review of Psychology 63:129-151.
442. Milad, M. R., S. P. Orr, N. B. Lasko, Y. Chang, S. L. Rauch, and R. K. Pitman. 2008. Presence and acquired origin of reduced recall for fear extinction in PTSD: Results of a twin study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 42(7):515-520.
443. Milad, M. R., R. K. Pitman, C. B. Ellis, A. L. Gold, L. M. Shin, N. B. Lasko, M. A. Zeidan, K. Handwerger, S. P. Orr, and S. L. Rauch. 2009. Neurobiological basis of failure to recall extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry 66(12):1075-1082.
444. Miller, J. 2013. VA counting on telemedicine to improve, expand care to vets. Federal News Radio. http://www.federalnewsradio.com/538/3409529/VA-counting-on-telemedicine-toimprove-expand-care-to-vets.
445. Miller, J. S. 2014. DoD response to data request from the Committee on the Assessment of Ongoing Efforts in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Washington, DC: Defense Health Program Leidos Office of the Principal Assistant for Research and Technology, Fort Detrick, MD. January 31, 2014.
446. Miyahira, S. D., R. A. Folen, H. G. Hoffman, A. Garcia-Palacios, J. L. Spira and M. Kawasaki. 2012. The effectiveness of VR exposure therapy for PTSD in returning warfighters. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 181:128-132.
447. Monson, C. M., and S. J. Fredman. 2012. Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD: Harnessing the healing power of relationships. New York: Guilford Press.
448. Monson, C. M., C. T. Taft, and S. J. Fredman. 2009. Military-related PTSD and intimate relationships: From description to theory-driven research and intervention development. Clinical Psychology Review 29(8):707-714.
449. Monson, C. M., S. J. Fredman, A. Macdonald, N. D. Pukay-Martin, P. A. Resick, and P. P. Schnurr. 2012. Effect of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 308(7):700-709.
450. Nam, D. H., C. U. Pae, and J. H. Chae. 2013. Low-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: A double-blind, sham-controlled study. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 11(2):96-102.
451. National Center for Telehealth and Technology. 2013. Provider alert: CBT-I Coach for Insomnia is now available (September 26, 2013). http://www.t2.health.mil/blogs/mobile-health/ provider-alert-cbt-i-coach-insomnia-now-available (accessed February 18, 2014).
452. Neumann, I.D., G. Wegener, J. R. Homberg, H. Cohen, D. A. Slattery, J. Zohar, J. D. Olivier, and A. A. Mathé. 2011. Animal models of depression and anxiety: What do they tell us about human condition? Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 35(6):1357-1375.
453. NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health). 2013a. Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/index.shtml (accessed December 17, 2013).
454. NIMH. 2013b. Changing NIMH clinical trials: Efficiency, transparency, and reporting. http:// www.nimh.nih.gov/funding/opportunities-announcements/clinical-trials-foas/changingnimh-clinical-trials-efficiency-transparency-and-reporting.shtml (accessed December 10, 2013).
455. Oehen, P., R. Traber, V. Widmer, and U. Schnyder. 2013. A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (+/- 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Journal of Psychopharmacology 27(1):40-52.
456. Oznur, T., S. Akarsu, C. Celik, A. Bolu, B. Ozdemir, B. D. Akcay, S. Ozselek, A. Bozkurt, and K. N. Ozmenler. 2014. Is transcranial magnetic stimulation effective in treatment-resistant combat related posttraumatic stress disorder? Neurosciences (Riyadh) 19(1):29-32.
457. Pace, T. W., K. Wingenfeld, I. Schmidt, G. Meinlschmidt, D. H. Hellhammer, and C. M. Heim. 2012. Increased peripheral nf-kappab pathway activity in women with childhood abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 26(1):13-17.
458. Pitman, R. K., S. P. Orr, and G. S. Steketee. 1989. Psychophysiological investigations of posttraumatic stress disorder imagery. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 25(3):426-431.
459. Pitman, R. K., A. M. Rasmusson, K. C. Koenen, L. M. Shin, S. P. Orr, M. W. Gilbertson, M. R. Milad, and I. Liberzon. 2012. Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13(11):769-787.
460. Pompili, M., L. Sher, G. Serafini, A. Forte, M. Innamorati, G. Dominici, D. Lester, M. Amore, and P. Girardi. 2013. Posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide risk among veterans: A literature review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 201(9):802-812.
461. Quirk, G. J., R. Garcia, and F. González-Lima. 2006. Prefrontal mechanisms in extinction of conditioned fear. Biological Psychiatry 60(4):337-343.
462. Rachamim, L., N. Nacasch, N. Shafran, D. Tzur, and E. Gilboa-Schechtman. 2009. Exposurebased therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adults. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences 46(4):274-281.
463. Raskind, M. A., K. Peterson, T. Williams, D. J. Hoff, K. Hart, H. Holmes, D. Homas, J. Hill, C. Daniels, J. Calohan, S. P. Millard, K. Rohde, J. O'Connell, D. Pritzl, K. Feiszli, E. C. Petrie, C. Gross, C. L. Mayer, M. C. Freed, C. Engel, and E. R. Peskind. 2013. A trial of prazosin for combat trauma PTSD with nightmares in active-duty soldiers returned from Iraq and Afghanistan. American Journal of Psychiatry 170(9):1003-1010.
464. Reger, G. M., and G. A. Gahm. 2008. Virtual reality exposure therapy for active duty soldiers. Journal of Clinical Psychology 64(8):940-946.
465. Reger, G. M., G. A. Gahm, A. A. Rizzo, R. Swanson, and S. Duma. 2009. Soldier evaluation of the virtual reality Iraq. Telemedicine Journal and E-Health 15(1):101-104.
466. Reger, G. M., K. M. Holloway, C. Candy, B. O. Rothbaum, J. Difede, A. A. Rizzo, and G. A. Gahm. 2011. Effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy for active duty soldiers in a military mental health clinic. Journal of Traumatic Stress 24(1):93-96.
467. Rizzo, A. S., J. Difede, B. O. Rothbaum, G. Reger, J. Spitalnick, J. Cukor, and R. McLay. 2010. Development and early evaluation of the virtual Iraq/Afghanistan exposure therapy system for combat-related PTSD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1208:114-125.
468. Rothbaum, B. O., L. F. Hodges, D. Ready, K. Graap, and R. D. Alarcon. 2001. Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 62(8):617-622.
469. Rothbaum, B. O., M. C. Kearns, E. Reiser, J. Davis, K. A. Kerley, A. O. Rothbaum, K. B. Mercer, M. Price, D. Houry, K. J. and Ressler. 2014a. Early intervention following trauma mitigates genetic risk for PTSD in civilians: A prospective, emergency department study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry [in press].
470. Rothbaum, B. O., M. Price, T. Jovanovic, S. Norrholm, M. Gerardi, B. Dunlop, M. Davis, B. Bradley, E. J. Duncan, A. Rizzo, and K. Ressler. 2014b. A randomized, double-blind evaluation of D-cycloserine or alprazolam combined with virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in OEF/OIF war veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry. http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=1863837&resultCl ick=3 (accessed April 2, 2014).
471. Rudy, J. W., N. C. Huff, and P. Matus-Amat. 2004. Understanding contextual fear conditioning: Insights from a two-process model. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 28(7):675-685.
472. Sautter, F. J., S. M. Glynn, K. E. Thompson, L. Franklin, and X. Han. 2009. A couple-based approach to the reduction of PTSD avoidance symptoms: Preliminary findings. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 35(3):343-349.
473. Schafe, G. E., K. Nader, H. T. Blair, and J. E. LeDoux. 2001. Memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning: A cellular and molecular perspective. Trends in Neuroscience 24(9):540-546.
474. Schopp, L.G., G. Demiris, and R.L. Glueckauf. 2006. Rural backwaters or front-runners? Rural telehealth in the vanguard of psychology practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 37(2):165-173.
475. Schumm, J. A., S. J. Fredman, C. M. Monson, and K. M. Chard. 2013. Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD: Initial findings for Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom male combat veterans and their partners. American Journal of Family Therapy 41(4):277-287.
476. Seedat, S., D. J. Stein, and P. D. Carey. 2005. Post-traumatic stress disorder in women: Epidemiological and treatment issues. CNS Drugs 19(5):411-427.
477. Shekhar, A., W. Truitt, D. Rainnie, and T. Sajdyk. 2005. Role of stress, corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and amygdala plasticity in chronic anxiety. Stress 8(4):209-219.
478. Shvil, E., H. L. Rusch, G. M. Sullivan, and Y. Neria. 2013. Neural, psychophysiological, and behavioral markers of fear processing in PTSD: A review of the literature. Current Psychiatry Reports 15(5):1-10.
479. Strachan, M., D. F. Gros, E. Yuen, K. J. Ruggiero, E. B. Foa, and R. Acierno. 2012. Homebased telehealth to deliver evidence-based psychotherapy in veterans with PTSD. Contemporary Clinical Trials 33(2):402-409.
480. Sullivan, P. F., M. J. Daly, and M. O'Donovan. 2012. Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: The emerging picture and its implications. Nature Reviews Genetics 13(8):537-551.
481. Taft, A., L. O'Doherty, K. Hegarty, J. Ramsay, L. Davidson, and G. Feder. 2013. Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4:CD007007.
482. Taft, C. T., L. E. Watkins, J. Stafford, A. E. Street, and C. M. Monson. 2011. Posttraumatic stress disorder and intimate relationship problems: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 79(1):22-33.
483. Talbot, T.B., K. Sagae, B. John, A. A. Rizzo. 2012. Sorting out the virtual patient: How to exploit artificial intelligence, game technology and sound educational practices to create engaging role-playing simulations. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations 4(3):1-19.
484. Tunis, S. R., D. B. Stryer, and C. M. Clancy. 2003. Practical clinical trials: Increasing the value of clinical research for decision making in clinical and health policy. JAMA 290(12):1624-1632.
485. Urlic, I., and G. T. Simunkovic. 2009. Working through shame in groups for victims of trauma and war. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 59(2):165-178.
486. VA (Department of Veterans Affairs). 2011. Health Services Research and Development Mission. http://www.hsrd.research.va.gov/about/mission.cfm#.UQ0gox08CSo (accessed April 26, 2013).
487. VA. 2013. My HealtheVet website. https://www.myhealth.va.gov/mhv-portal-web/anonymous.portal?_nfpb&_pagelabel=mentalhealth (accessed April 16, 2014).
488. VA/DoD. 2013. VA/DoD Collaboration Guidebook for Healthcare Research-2013. Washington, DC. [Online]. http://www.research.va.gov/va-dod/va-dod-guidebook-2013.pdf (accessed May 2, 2014).
489. Walsh, K., N. R. Nugent, A. Kotte, A. B. Amstadter, S. Wang, C. Guille, R. Acierno, D. G. Kilpatrick, and H. S. Resnick. 2013. Cortisol at the emergency room rape visit as a predictor of PTSD and depression symptoms over time. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38(11):2520-2528.
490. Watts, B. V., B. Landon, A. Groft, and Y. Young-Xu. 2012. A sham controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Stimulation 5(1):38-43.
491. Wilk, J. E., R. K. Herrell, G. H. Wynn, L. A. Riviere, and C. W. Hoge. 2012. Mild traumatic brain injury (concussion), posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in U.S. soldiers involved in combat deployments: Association with postdeployment symptoms. Psychosomatic Medicine 74(3):249-257.
492. Wilk, J. E., J. C. West, F. F. Duffy, R. K. Herrell, D. S. Rae, and C. W. Hoge. 2013. Use of evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in Army behavioral healthcare. Psychiatry 76(4):336-348.
493. Wilson, J. P., B. Drozdek, and S. Turkovic. 2006. Posttraumatic shame and guilt. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse 7(2):122-141.
494. Wilson, J. A., K. Onorati, M. Mishkind, M. A. Reger, and G. A. Gahm. 2008. Soldier attitudes about technology-based approaches to mental health care. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 11(6):767-769.
495. Zatzick, D. F., and S. Galea. 2007. An epidemiological approach to the development of early trauma focused intervention. Journal of Traumatic Stress 20(4):401-412.
496. Zovkic, I.B., and J. D. Sweatt. 2013. Epigenetic mechanisms in learned fear: Implications for PTSD. Neuropsychopharmacology 38(1):77-93.